2014 International Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium
Proceedings for the 2014 International Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium. For more information about the symposium, please see the Solid Freeform Fabrication website .
The Twenty-Fifth Annual International Solid Freeform Fabrication (SFF) Symposium – An Additive Manufacturing Conference, held at The University of Texas in Austin on August 4-6, 2014, was attended by 334 researchers from 16 countries. This is a significant increase from the record-setting 2013 attendance of 218, over 50% growth in one year. The organizers are pleased that 90 of the attendees were students, representing 27% of the audience. The number of oral and poster presentations increased as well, from 118 in 2013 to 196 this year. In anticipation of the increase, the conference organizers relocated the meeting from the University of Texas Thompson Conference Center, the venue for the meeting’s first 24 years. The AT&T Executive Education and Conference Center was able to handle the increased number of attendees.
The meeting consisted of plenary and parallel technical sessions. To celebrate the 25th anniversary of the conference, the morning plenary sessions on the first two days were given over to looking back at the first 25 years of additive manufacturing and looking forward to the next 25 years, respectively. The Monday morning session was an inventor’s forum with talks by the technology inventors/founders: Chuck Hull (vat polymerization), Michael Cima (Binder Jetting), Lisa Crump (Material Extrusion) and Carl Deckard (Powder Bed Fusion). The session was opened by Harris Marcus, founder of the SFF Symposium, who gave a brief history of the conference. Terry Wohlers followed with perspectives on the origins of additive manufacturing. Terry deserves special credit for giving his entire presentation the way we did presentations 25 years ago: completely using 35 mm slides which were produced and archived by him in the 1980s-1990s. For a significant number of attendees, this was the first time they had seen a 35 mm presentation. The Tuesday morning plenary session was a series of short presentations contrasting how we did research 25 years ago with how we do research today. The topic areas and speakers were Process Development (Phill Dickens, Then; Brent Stucker, Now), Computational Methods (Rich Crawford, Then; Jack Beuth, Now), Materials (Gideon Levy, Then, Tom Starr, Now), Design (David Rosen, Then, Carolyn Seepersad, Now). Gideon Levy then chaired a short panel on the subject of the next 25 years of additive manufacturing to transition from the past and present to the future. While these presentations do not have associated papers in this conference Proceedings, the organizers have arranged for many of the presentations themselves to be included in the flash drive. These appear in the folder “Plenary Presentations”.
Tuesday evening, Hod Lipson gave an outstanding plenary presentation on the future of additive manufacturing. This was followed by the International Digital Sculpture and Engineered Forms Exhibit, curated by Mary Visser of Southwestern University. The art show included digital art by 20 digital artists from around the world. Also shown were 10 engineered pieces that have an artistic quality. The attendees were invited to enjoy the pieces and to consider the amorphous interface between art and engineering.
This year’s best oral presentation was entitled, “A Survey of Sensing and Control Systems for Machine and Process Monitoring of Directed-Energy, Metal-Based Additive Manufacturing”, authored by E.W. Reutzel and A.R. Nassar from Pennsylvania State University. Selection is based on the overall quality of the paper, the presentation and discussion at the meeting, the significance of the work and the manuscript submitted to the proceedings. Selected from 171 oral presentations, the associated manuscript appears on Page 309. The best poster presentation selected from 25 posters was given by Y. Bai and C.B. Williams from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. Titled, “An Exploration of Binder Jetting of Copper”, the paper is included in the Proceedings on Page 793.
Posters are judged based on the quality and organization of the poster as well as the discussion of the poster by the author during the poster session.
The recipient of the International Outstanding Young Researcher in Freeform and Additive Manufacturing Award was Dr. Adam T. Clare from The University of Nottingham. Dr. Joseph Beaman won the International Freeform and Additive Manufacturing Excellence (FAME) Award. He holds the Earnest F. Gloyna Regents Chair in Engineering at The University of Texas at Austin.
The editors would like to extend a warm “Thank You” to Rosalie Foster for her detailed handling of the logistics of the meeting, as well as her excellent performance as registrar during the meeting. We would like to thank the Organizing Committee, the session chairs, the attendees for their enthusiastic participation, and the speakers both for their significant contribution to the meeting and for the relatively prompt delivery of the manuscripts comprising this volume. We look forward to the continued close cooperation of the additive manufacturing community in organizing the Symposium. We also want to thank the Office of Naval Research (N00014-14-1-0691) and the National Science Foundation (CMMI-1433422) for supporting this meeting financially. The meeting was co-organized by The University of Connecticut at Storrs, and the Mechanical Engineering Department/Lab for Freeform Fabrication under the aegis of the Advanced Manufacturing and Design Center at The University of Texas at Austin.
Recent Submissions
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Electrostatic Stabilisation of Drop on Demand Bio‐Ink through the Cationic Encapsulation of Cells
(University of Texas at Austin, 2014)The ability to formulate bioprinting inks in which suspensions of cells and other biological materials can be maintained, without affecting biological response, is crucial in producing robust printing strategies for ... -
Separation Force Analysis Based on Cohesive Delamination Model for Bottom-Up Stereolithography Using Finite Element Analysis
(University of Texas at Austin, 2014)Bottom-up (constrain-surface) Additive Manufacturing (AM) systems have been widely used in industry. Compared to traditional open-surface AM technology, properties like better vertical resolution, higher material filling ... -
Stereo Vision Based Hybrid Manufacturing of Ti-6Al-4V in Component Repair Process
(University of Texas at Austin, 2014)Parts or products from high performance metal are very expensive, partly due to the processing complexities during manufacturing. Recent studies have indicated that hybrid processes of additive manufacturing and machining ... -
Experimental Analysis on an Additively Manufactured ABS Living Hinge
(University of Texas at Austin, 2014)A study on the plastic behavior of an additively manufactured acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) living hinge was conducted using a MakerBot 2X. Initial research included numerical and analytical linear analyses on a ... -
The GE Aircraft Engine Bracket Challenge: An Experiment in Crowdsourcing for Mechanical Design Concepts
(University of Texas at Austin, 2014)An emerging international engineering design trend has resulted from widespread use of social media: a large number of people are engaged in collaborative engineering design activities to build their design expertise ... -
A Graph Grammar Based Approach to 3D Print and Assemble Furniture
(University of Texas at Austin, 2014)A Plethora of user generated 3D models are available online. With rapid proliferation and diffusion of additive manufacturing machines in households, it has now become possible to download these virtual objects and print ... -
The Innovation Station: A 3D Printing Vending Machine for UT Austin Students
(University of Texas at Austin, 2014)The Innovation Station is designed to provide on-demand, web-enabled 3D printing securely in a public space. The overarching goal is to lower the barriers to 3D printing at a university, to facilitate innovation and ... -
Comparing Mechanical and Geometrical Properties of Lattice Structure Fabricated Using Electron Beam Melting
(University of Texas at Austin, 2014)To design lattice structure, a uniform voxel based approach is widely used which divides a part into unit volumes (e.g., cubes) and maps lattice topology into those volumes. In contrast, conformal lattice structures ... -
Optimization of Process Parameters for Reentrant Surfaces in Direct Metal Laser Melting
(University of Texas at Austin, 2014)One of the key factors for development and optimization of direct metal laser melting (DMLM) is the analysis of process parameters on reentrant build geometry and surface finish. Recent studies have focused on the ... -
Thermographic Investigation of Laser Metal Deposition
(University of Texas at Austin, 2014)Primitive stages of studies on and with additive manufacturing techniques popularly involve thin wall geometry. In the current effort attempts were made to capture various thermal aspects during deposition of a thin wall ... -
Hybrid Automata in the Context of Additive Manufacturing
(University of Texas at Austin, 2014)To maintain the forward momentum of additive manufacturing technology, it is necessary to thoroughly evaluate new and potentially useful technological developments in this field. One such development is the intense interest ... -
A Review of Hybrid Manufacturing
(University of Texas at Austin, 2015)In recent years the combination of laser-based Additive Manufacturing and Computer Numerical Controlled (CNC) machining has become increasingly popular, with several machine tool manufacturers exhibiting products based ... -
Understanding the Dynamics of Ultrasonic Additive Manufacturing
(University of Texas at Austin, 2015)Ultrasonic Additive Manufacturing (UAM) is an additive manufacturing technique that uses ultrasound to merge metal foils (150 µm thick, 24 mm wide) layer by layer to fabricate three-dimensional bodies. As new layers are ... -
Selective Separation Sintering (SSS) A New Layer Based Additive Manufacturing Approach for Metals and Ceramics
(University of Texas at Austin, 2015)Selective Separation Sintering (SSS) is a powder layer based Additive Manufacturing approach. SSS can fabricate high temperature ceramic and metallic parts at comparatively lower cost with high quality. In the printing ... -
Support-less Horizontal Filament-Stacking by Layer-less FDM
(University of Texas at Austin, 2015) -
High Viscosity Jetting of Conductive and Dielectric Pastes for Printed Electronics
(University of Texas at Austin, 2015)Ink-jet printing of multiple materials in 3 dimensions is a promising alternative to traditional patterning methods due to its flexibility, scalability and accuracy. However, the printability of the inks is strongly ... -
Active Device Fabrication Using Fiber Encapsulation Additive Manufacturing
(University of Texas at Austin, 2015)Fiber Encapsulation Additive Manufacturing (FEAM) is a novel solid freeform fabrication process in which a fiber and a matrix are co-deposited simultaneously within a single printer along straight and curved 2-D and 3-D ... -
Resource Based Build Direction in Additive Manufacturing Process
(University of Texas at Austin, 2014)Three dimensional free-form geometric shapes can be built by putting layers upon layer in a predefined direction via Additive Manufacturing (AM) processes. The fabrication processes require computational as well as ... -
Supply Chain Modifications to Improve Additive Manufacturing
(University of Texas at Austin, 2014)Additive manufacturing (AM) offers unique production characteristics which among those, toollessness and production of complex geometries are potentially significant to operations efficiency. Previous research has ...