The Spitzer C2D Survey of Large, Nearby, Interstellar Clouds. XI. Lupus Observed With IRAC and MIPS

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dc.contributor.utaustinauthorEvans, Neal J., IIen_US
dc.contributor.utaustinauthorHarvey, Paul M.en_US
dc.creatorMerin, Brunoen_US
dc.creatorJorgensen, Jesen_US
dc.creatorSpezzi, Loredanaen_US
dc.creatorAlcala, Juan M.en_US
dc.creatorEvans, Neal J., IIen_US
dc.creatorHarvey, Paul M.en_US
dc.creatorPrusti, Timoen_US
dc.creatorChapman, Nicholasen_US
dc.creatorHuard, Tracyen_US
dc.creatorvan Dishoeck, Ewine F.en_US
dc.creatorComeron, Fernandoen_US
dc.date.accessioned2016-10-28T19:36:22Z
dc.date.available2016-10-28T19:36:22Z
dc.date.issued2008-08en_US
dc.description.abstractWe present c2d Spitzer IRAC observations of the Lupus I, III, and IV dark clouds and discuss them in combination with optical, near-infrared, and c2d MIPS data. With the Spitzer data, the new sample contains 159 stars, 4 times larger than the previous one. It is dominated by low- and very low mass stars, and it is complete down to M approximate to 0.1 M-circle dot. We find 30%-40% binaries with separations between 100 and 2000 AU with no apparent effect on the disk properties of the members. A large majority of the objects are Class II or III objects, with only 20 (12%) Class I or flat-spectrum sources. The disk sample is complete down to "debris" -like systems in stars as small as M approximate to 0.2 M-circle dot and includes substellar objects with larger IR excesses. The disk fraction in Lupus is 70%-80%, consistent with an age of 1-2 Myr. However, the young population contains 20% optically thick accretion disks and 40% relatively less flared disks. A growing variety of inner disk structures is found for larger inner disk clearings for equal disk masses. Lupus III is themost centrally populated and rich, followed by Lupus I with a filamentary structure and by Lupus IV, where a very high density core with little star Formation activity has been found. We estimate star Formation rates in Lupus of 2-10 M-circle dot Myr(-1) and star Formation efficiencies of a few percent, apparently correlated with the associated cloud masses.en_US
dc.description.departmentAstronomyen_US
dc.description.sponsorshipNASA 1256316, 1224608, 1230780, 1407en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipJet Propulsion Laboratoryen_US
dc.description.sponsorshipCalifornia Institute of Technologyen_US
dc.description.sponsorshipNWO Spinozaen_US
dc.description.sponsorshipEuropean Research Training Network HPRN-CT-2002-00308en_US
dc.identifierdoi:10.15781/T2PR7MX02
dc.identifier.citationMerín, Bruno, Jes Jørgensen, Loredana Spezzi, Juan M. Alcalá, Neal J. Evans II, Paul M. Harvey, Timo Prusti et al. "The Spitzer c2d Survey of Large, Nearby, Interstellar Clouds. XI. Lupus Observed With IRAC and MIPS." The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 177, No. 2 (Aug., 2008): 551.en_US
dc.identifier.doi10.1086/588042en_US
dc.identifier.issn0067-0049en_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/2152/43016
dc.language.isoEnglishen_US
dc.relation.ispartofen_US
dc.relation.ispartofserialAstrophysical Journal Supplement Seriesen_US
dc.rightsAdministrative deposit of works to Texas ScholarWorks: This works author(s) is or was a University faculty member, student or staff member; this article is already available through open access or the publisher allows a PDF version of the article to be freely posted online. The library makes the deposit as a matter of fair use (for scholarly, educational, and research purposes), and to preserve the work and further secure public access to the works of the University.en_US
dc.rights.restrictionOpenen_US
dc.subjectinfrared: generalen_US
dc.subjectism: individual (lupus i, lupus iii, lupus iv)en_US
dc.subjectstars: Formationen_US
dc.subjectstars: pre-main-sequenceen_US
dc.subjectmain-sequence starsen_US
dc.subjectt-tauri starsen_US
dc.subjectlow-mass starsen_US
dc.subjectspectralen_US
dc.subjectenergy-distributionsen_US
dc.subjectyoung stellar objectsen_US
dc.subjectsouthern dark cloudsen_US
dc.subjectherbig-haro objectsen_US
dc.subjectarray camera iracen_US
dc.subjectspace-telescopeen_US
dc.subjectbrown dwarfsen_US
dc.subjectastronomy & astrophysicsen_US
dc.titleThe Spitzer C2D Survey of Large, Nearby, Interstellar Clouds. XI. Lupus Observed With IRAC and MIPSen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US

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