The Luminosities Of Protostars In The Spitzer c2d And Gould Belt Legacy Clouds

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dc.contributor.utaustinauthorEvans, Neal J.en_US
dc.creatorDunham, Michael M.en_US
dc.creatorArce, Hector G.en_US
dc.creatorAllen, Lori E.en_US
dc.creatorEvans, Neal J.en_US
dc.creatorBroekhoven-Fiene, Hannahen_US
dc.creatorChapman, Nicholas L.en_US
dc.creatorCieza, Lucas A.en_US
dc.creatorGutermuth, Robert A.en_US
dc.creatorHarvey, Paul M.en_US
dc.creatorHatchell, Jenniferen_US
dc.creatorHuard, Tracy L.en_US
dc.creatorKirk, Jason M.en_US
dc.creatorMatthews, Brenda C.en_US
dc.creatorMerin, Brunoen_US
dc.creatorMiller, Jennifer F.en_US
dc.creatorPeterson, Dawn E.en_US
dc.creatorSpezzi, Loredanaen_US
dc.date.accessioned2016-04-22T19:44:29Z
dc.date.available2016-04-22T19:44:29Z
dc.date.issued2013-04en
dc.description.abstractMotivated by the long-standing >luminosity problem> in low-mass star formation whereby protostars are underluminous compared to theoretical expectations, we identify 230 protostars in 18 molecular clouds observed by two Spitzer Space Telescope Legacy surveys of nearby star-forming regions. We compile complete spectral energy distributions, calculate L-bol for each source, and study the protostellar luminosity distribution. This distribution extends over three orders of magnitude, from 0.01 L-circle dot to 69 L-circle dot, and has a mean and median of 4.3 L-circle dot and 1.3 L-circle dot, respectively. The distributions are very similar for Class 0 and Class I sources except for an excess of low luminosity (L-bol <= 0.5 L-circle dot) Class I sources compared to Class 0. 100 out of the 230 protostars (43%) lack any available data in the far-infrared and submillimeter (70 mu m < lambda < 850 mu m) and have L-bol underestimated by factors of 2.5 on average, and up to factors of 8-10 in extreme cases. Correcting these underestimates for each source individually once additional data becomes available will likely increase both the mean and median of the sample by 35%-40%. We discuss and compare our results to several recent theoretical studies of protostellar luminosities and show that our new results do not invalidate the conclusions of any of these studies. As these studies demonstrate that there is more than one plausible accretion scenario that can match observations, future attention is clearly needed. The better statistics provided by our increased data set should aid such future work.en_US
dc.description.departmentAstronomyen_US
dc.description.sponsorshipNASA/JPL Herschel OT1 granten_US
dc.description.sponsorshipNational Science Foundation AST-0845619, AST-1109116en_US
dc.identifierdoi:10.15781/T2KZ2R
dc.identifier.citationDunham, Michael M., Héctor G. Arce, Lori E. Allen, Neal J. Evans, Hannah Broekhoven-Fiene, Nicholas L. Chapman, Lucas A. Cieza et al. >The Luminosities of Protostars in the Spitzer c2d and Gould Belt Legacy Clouds.> The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 145, No. 4 (Apr., 2013): 94.en_US
dc.identifier.doi10.1088/0004-6256/145/4/94en_US
dc.identifier.issn0004-6256en_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/2152/34342
dc.language.isoEnglishen_US
dc.relation.ispartofserialAstronomical Journalen_US
dc.rightsAdministrative deposit of works to Texas ScholarWorks: This works author(s) is or was a University faculty member, student or staff member; this article is already available through open access or the publisher allows a PDF version of the article to be freely posted online. The library makes the deposit as a matter of fair use (for scholarly, educational, and research purposes), and to preserve the work and further secure public access to the works of the University.en_US
dc.subjectstars: formationen_US
dc.subjectstars: low-massen_US
dc.subjectstars: luminosity function, massen_US
dc.subjectfunctionen_US
dc.subjectstars: protostarsen_US
dc.subject1st hydrostatic coreen_US
dc.subjectyoung stellar objectsen_US
dc.subjectauriga molecular clouden_US
dc.subjectdust continuum emissionen_US
dc.subjectself-similar collapseen_US
dc.subjectstar-forming regionsen_US
dc.subjectnearby dense coresen_US
dc.subjectinterstellar cloudsen_US
dc.subjectspace-telescopeen_US
dc.subjectprotostellaren_US
dc.subjectenvelopesen_US
dc.subjectastronomy & astrophysicsen_US
dc.titleThe Luminosities Of Protostars In The Spitzer c2d And Gould Belt Legacy Cloudsen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US

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