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    Type Ia Supernova Rate Measurements To Redshift 2.5 From CANDELS: Searching For Prompt Explosions In The Early Universe

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    Date
    2014-07
    Author
    Steven A. Rodney
    Adam G. Riess
    Louis-Gregory Strolger
    Tomas Dahlen
    Or Graur
    Stefano Casertano
    Mark E. Dickinson
    Henry C. Ferguson
    Peter Garnavich
    Brian Hayden
    Saurabh W. Jha
    David O. Jones
    Robert P. Kirshner
    Anton M. Koekemoer
    Curtis McCully
    Bahram Mobasher
    Brandon Patel
    Benjamin J. Weiner
    S. Bradley Cenko
    Kelsey I. Clubb
    Michael Cooper
    Alexei V. Filippenko
    Teddy F. Frederiksen
    Jens Hjorth
    Bruno Leibundgut
    Thomas Matheson
    Hooshang Nayyeri
    Kyle Penner
    Jonathan Trump
    Jeffrey M. Silverman
    Vivian U
    K. Azalee Bostroem Peter Challis
    Abhijith Rajan
    Schuyler Wolff
    S. M. Faber
    Norman A. Grogin
    Dale Kocevski
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    Abstract
    dThe Cosmic Assembly Near-infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey (CANDELS) was a multi-cycle treasury program on the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) that surveyed a total area of -0.25 deg2 with -900 HST orbits spread across five fields over three years. Within these survey images we discovered 65 supernovae (SNe) of all types, out to z 2.5. We classify -24 of these as Type Ia SNe (SNe Ia) based on host galaxy redshifts and SN photometry (supplemented by grism spectroscopy of six SNe). Here we present a measurement of the volumetric SN Ia rate as a function of redshift, reaching for the first time beyond z =- 2 and putting new constraints on SN Ia progenitor models. Our highest redshift bin includes detections of SNe that exploded when the universe was only -3 Gyr old and near the peak of the cosmic star formation history. This gives the CANDELS high redshift sample unique leverage for evaluating the fraction of SNe Ia that explode promptly after formation (<500 Myr). Combining the CANDELS rates with all available SN Ia rate measurements in the literature we find that this prompt SN Ia fraction is fp = 0.53st=sg.Zc6', consistent with a delay time distribution that follows a simple t-1 power law for all times t > 40 Myr. However, mild tension is apparent between ground-based low-z surveys and space-based high-z surveys. In both CANDELS and the sister HST program CLASH (Cluster Lensing And Supernova Survey with Hubble), we find a low rate of SNe Ia at z > 1. This could be a hint that prompt progenitors are in fact relatively rare, accounting for only 20% of all SN Ia explosions-though further analysis and larger samples will be needed to examine that suggestion. Key words: infrared: general - supernovae:
    Department
    Astronomy
    Subject
    infrared: general
    supernovae: general
    surveys
    core-collapse supernovae
    delay-time distribution
    origins deep survey
    digital sky survey
    extragalactic legacy survey
    telescope advanced
    camera
    goods-south field
    gamma-ray bursts
    ii-p supernovae
    star-formation
    astronomy & astrophysics
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/2152/34487
    xmlui.dri2xhtml.METS-1.0.item-citation
    Rodney, Steven A., Adam G. Riess, Louis-Gregory Strolger, Tomas Dahlen, Or Graur, Stefano Casertano, Mark E. Dickinson et al. >Type Ia supernova rate measurements to redshift 2.5 from CANDELS: Searching for prompt explosions in the early universe.> The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 148, No. 1 (Jul., 2014): 13.
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