Human Rights Clinic Reports

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/2152/6855

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    Amicus Curiae
    (Rapoport Center for Human Rights and Justice, 2008) Human Rights Clinic; Rapoport Center for Human Rights and Justice
    This amicus analyzes why the crimes committed at Barrios Altos and La Cantuta qualify as crimes against humanity according to international standards and in relation to the way the notion of crimes against humanity has been utilized by national tribunals. It also outlines the consequences of defining such crimes as crimes against humanity.
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    Collective Claims and the Draft Inter-American Convention Against Racism and All Forms of Discrimination and Intolerance
    (Human Rights Clinic, 2009-05) Depper, Annie
    In its simplest form, a collective claim is brought to protect the rights of more than one person. In practice, there are multiple forms of collective claims. To date, the most common form of collective claim is one in which multiple individuals are represented, and every individual represented is named in the complaint. This type of collective claim fails to meet the needs of modern human rights issues. It is important that the Inter-American Convention Against All Forms of Discrimination and Intolerance (Inter-American Convention) go beyond this type of collective claim. The Inter-American Convention needs to include a collective claim mechanism by which claims may be brought on behalf of a group or collective without the requirement of naming the individual members.1 Such a collective claim allows claims to be brought on behalf of communities, the citizenry as a whole, and marginalized groups, to name only a few of the beneficiaries. Currently, the Draft Inter-American Convention Against All Forms of Discrimination and Intolerance (Draft Convention) provides no mechanism by which a collective claim may be brought. The purpose of this paper is threefold: 1) to provide a brief survey of collective claims available in international documents and the domestic laws of member states of the Organization of American States (OAS); 2) to explain the importance of providing a collective claim in the Inter-American Convention; and 3) to recommend a type of collective claim for inclusion in the Inter-American Convention.
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    An Examination of 28 Grounds of Prohibited Discrimination in the Draft Inter-American Convention Against Racism and All Forms of Discrimination and Intolerance
    (Human Rights Clinic, 2009-05) Leuschke, Sara
    Article 1.1 of the Draft Inter-American Convention Against Racism and All Forms of Discrimination and Intolerance (Draft Convention) includes 28 different grounds upon which discrimination cannot be based.1 While this is a larger number of grounds than any single convention addressing discrimination has yet included, the list is simultaneously underinclusive and overinclusive, presents no clear basis upon which some grounds were included while others were not, and creates an overly complicated system of addressing discrimination. Thus, the final Inter-American Convention Against Racism and All Forms of Discrimination and Intolerance (Inter-American Convention) should focus on racial discrimination alone, in order to strengthen its provisions, eliminate internal contradictions, and create a more effective instrument.
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    Institutional Responses to Discrimination at the National Level in Latin America: An Overview
    (Rapoport Center for Human Rights and Justice, 2008) Procopio, Dominic; Rodríguez, Claudia
    The report examines how Latin American states have responded to calls to action such as those made in the Durban Declaration to establish national institutions with strong mandates to prevent and eliminate discrimination. The institutions examined are an exceedingly heterogeneous group, but they share a fundamental similarity is that all are state institutions that, in one form or another, address issues of discrimination or promote the interests of groups who have traditionally been affected by discrimination. To facilitate the analysis of such a diverse group of institutions, the report has been divided into sections according the three institutional models that the authors have constructed.
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    La Carga de la Prueba en Casos de Discriminacion
    (Universidad de Los Andes, 2009-05) Rojas Vallejo, María Laura; Soto Mourraille, Camila
    El ODR y el Programa de Justicia Global y DDHH, de la mano con la Clínica de Derechos Humanos de la Facultad de Derecho Universidad de Austin Texas, están interesados en participar en el proceso de preparación de la Convención Interamericana contra el Racismo y Toda Forma de Discriminación e Intolerancia (Convención), aportando al debate que se llevará a cabo en la Conferencia de los Estados en Junio de 2009. De esta manera, este ensayo hará referencia al tema de la carga de la prueba en los casos de discriminación racial. Específicamente, 1) describirá el manejo de este asunto en otras convenciones, en la práctica internacional, y en jurisprudencia y legislación de la región y, 2) hará algunas recomendaciones sobre el desarrollo que se considera más adecuado para incluir en la Convención Interamericana, teniendo en cuenta las necesidades regionales.
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    La ineficacia de la justicia laboral para los/as trabajadores/as agrícolas guatemaltecos/as.
    (Rapoport Center for Human Rights and Justice, 2008) Ariel Dulitzky; Astrid Escobedo; Dominic Procopio
    Las violaciones de los derechos de los trabajadores que serán examinadas ocurren en gran medida como represalia a las acciones de trabajadores agricultores encaminadas a la resolución de la exclusión social que les aflige. La exclusión de los trabajadores es una situación que ha sido auxiliada por la inhabilidad del Estado de lograr una efectiva rectificación de las acciones ilegales cometidas en su contra por los empleadores. La marginalización sufrida por los trabajadores agricultores, causada tanto por el maltrato de los empleadores como por la completa desprotección de los derechos de los trabajadores por parte del estado guatemalteco, está íntimamente relacionada con su estatus de guatemaltecos rurales e indígenas. La pobreza y exclusión social que afecta a estos trabajadores no puede ser adecuadamente atendida sin considerar el trato desigual hacia los guatemaltecos indígenas rurales y la incorporación de estas consideraciones en cualquier medida tomada.
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    Las Dimensiones Colectivas de la Discrimnacion y el Reconocimiento de los Derechos Colectivos
    (Universidad de Los Andes, 2009-05) Zarama Santacruz, Juan Manuel; Herrera Santoyo, Héctor
    El objetivo de este documento es contribuir en el proceso de preparación de la posible Convención Interamericana contra el Racismo y toda forma de Discriminación e intolerancia (en adelante la “Convención”). El texto analiza las dimensiones colectivas de la discriminación y el concepto de los derechos colectivos en la futura Convención. En ese sentido, busca promover el debate, facilitar los procesos de reflexión y contribuir activamente a la realización del Proyecto de Convención. Lo anterior en aras de consolidar un instrumento con la capacidad de fortalecer la estructura jurídica de la protección de los derechos humanos de las víctimas de actos de racismo, discriminación e intolerancia en las Américas. En consecuencia, el análisis se centrará en los artículos 3 y 4 del Capítulo II del Proyecto de Convención contenido en el “Documento Consolidado”1.
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    The Need For a Narrow-Focused Interamerican Convention Against Racial Discrimination
    (Human Rights Clinic, 2009-05) Kimberly Kamienska-Hodge; Lazjer, John
    Manifestations of discrimination, unlike conventions designed to prevent them, are seldom static. This is evident throughout the 40-year history of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (ICERD). That racism continues to be a problem on a local, regional, and global scale is a reality. That a region should seek to enact policies to correct new grey areas in international law is not the final solution; it’s a beginning. Even 40 years after its initial adoption, the definition of racial discrimination and the ideals that society is bettered only through practiced equality still hold true. But ICERD reflects the global concerns with apartheid and colonialism that were more relevant four decades ago. As such does not adequately capture all the particularities of modern racial discrimination in the Americas. The Inter-American Convention against Racism and All Forms of Discrimination and Intolerance (Inter-American Convention) should serve two purposes: 1) provide a document that is effective and adaptable to current and future racial discrimination issues in the Americas and 2) increase internal awareness in the OAS of how multiple forms of discrimination interact with racial discrimination.