Browsing by Subject "resistance"
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Item Chilean Women’s Resistance To The Pinochet Regime: How Unified Was Their Movement?(2018-05) Bonilla, SofiaGeneral Augusto Pinochet led a military coup on September 11, 1973 that effectively ended the democratically elected socialist government and enforced a dictatorship until 1990. Women across Chile rose up against the oppressive regime in whatever way they could. Some did so overtly, others unintentionally. The diversity within these female acts of resistance complicated the movement when considering it as a whole. Due to its multifaceted nature, I chose to analyze the movement in terms of types of resistance, socioeconomic classes of the female actors, and the role of gender identity. I also investigated how these three factors interacted. I argue that there is sufficient heterogeneity within the women’s movement to push against the classification of Chilean women’s resistance as simply a single women’s movement. Rather, the movement should be considered in all its complexity. The existence of unintentional resistance, intra-movement conflict, and elitism within the resistance merits a closer look at this so-called “unified” women’s movement.Item Contrasting Patterns Of Phenotype-Dependent Parasitism Within And Among Populations Of Threespine Stickleback(2014-06) Stutz, William E.; Lau, On L.; Bolnick, Daniel I.; Stutz, William E.Variation in infection rate arises from variation in host exposure and resistance to parasites both within and among populations. All things being equal, phenotypes that increase exposure risk should covary positively with infection among individuals. It might therefore be expected that populations with mean phenotypes that increase exposure might also have higher rates of infection. However, such positive covariance between exposure and infection at the population level might be undermined by other factors such as geographic variation in parasite abundance or host resistance, negating or reversing in between-population comparisons. We studied rates of infection of two parasites among 18 populations of threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus). As predicted, within populations, trophic morphology covaries with infection of two trophically transmitted parasites: individuals with benthic (or limnetic) phenotypes were more likely to be infected with a benthic (or limnetic) parasite. However, across populations, the relationship between morphology and infection rate was absent (limnetic parasite) or reversed (benthic parasite). Our results confirm the importance of phenotype-dependent exposure, but stress different factors or processes, such as the evolution of reduced susceptibility, might shape variation in infection at larger spatial scales.Item The CREATE Strategy for Intensive Analysis of Primary Literature can be Used Effectively by Newly Trained Faculty to Produce Multiple Gains in Diverse Students(2014-06) Stevens, Leslie M.; Hoskins, Sally G.; Stevens, Leslie M.The CREATE (Consider Read, Elucidate the hypotheses, Analyze and interpret the data, and Think of the next Experiment) strategy aims to demystify scientific research and scientists while building critical thinking, reading/analytical skills, and improved science attitudes through intensive analysis of primary literature. CREATE was developed and piloted at the City College of New York (CCNY), a 4-yr, minority-serving institution, with both upper-level biology majors and first-year students interested in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. To test the extent to which CREATE strategies are broadly applicable to students at private, public, research-intensive, and/or primarily undergraduate colleges/universities, we trained a cohort of faculty from the New York/New Jersey/Pennsylvania area in CREATE pedagogies, then followed a subset, the CREATE implementers (CIs), as they taught all or part of an existing course on their home campuses using CREATE approaches. Evaluation of the workshops, the CIs, and their students was carried out both by the principal investigators and by an outside evaluator working independently. Our data indicate that: intensive workshops change aspects of faculty attitudes about teaching/learning; workshop-trained faculty can effectively design and teach CREATE courses; and students taught by such faculty on multiple campuses make significant cognitive and affective gains that parallel the changes documented previously at CCNY.Item Eula Biss Guest Lecture(2016-10-04) Curtis, Brandon K.Item The Genetic Architecture of Constitutive and Induced Trichome Density in Two New Recombinant Inbred Line Populations of Arabidopsis Thaliana: Phenotypic Plasticity, Epistasis, and Bidirectional Leaf Damage Response(2014-05) Bloomer, Rebecca H.; Lloyd, Alan M.; Symonds, Vaughan V.; Lloyd, Alan M.Herbivory imposes an important selective pressure on plants. In Arabidopsis thaliana leaf trichomes provide a key defense against insect herbivory; however, trichome production incurs a fitness cost in the absence of herbivory. Previous work on A. thaliana has shown an increase in trichome density in response to leaf damage, suggesting a mechanism by which the cost associated with constitutively high trichome density might be mitigated; however, the genetic basis of trichome density induction has not been studied. Results: Here, we describe the mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTL) for constitutive and damage induced trichome density in two new recombinant inbred line populations of A. thaliana; mapping for constitutive and induced trichome density also allowed for the investigation of damage response (plasticity) QTL. Both novel and previously identified QTL for constitutive trichome density and the first QTL for induced trichome density and response are identified. Interestingly, two of the four parental accessions and multiple RILs in each population exhibited lower trichome density following leaf damage, a response not previously described in A. thaliana. Importantly, a single QTL was mapped for the response phenotype and allelic variation at this locus appears to determine response trajectory in RILs. The data also show that epistatic interactions are a significant component of the genetic architecture of trichome density. Conclusions: Together, our results provide further insights into the genetic architecture of constitutive trichome density and new insights into induced trichome density in A. thaliana specifically and to our understanding of the genetic underpinnings of natural variation generally.Item Imprisoned Intellectuals: America's Political Prisoners Write on Life, Liberation, and Rebellion(Rowman & Littlefield, 2003) James, JoyContributors include Mumia Abu-Jamal, Sundiata Acoli, Rev. Daniel Berrigan, S.J., Dhoruba bin Wahad, Rita Bo Brown, Marilyn Buck, Safiya Bukhari, Angela Y. Davis, Lorenzo Kom'boa Ervin, Elizam Escobar, Linda Evans, George Jackson, Martin Luther King, Jr., Raymond Luc Levasseur, Jalil Muntaqim, Michele Naar-Obed, Huey P. Newton, Leonard Peltier, Susan Rosenberg, Assata Shakur, Mutulu Shakur, Jose Solis Jordan, Standing Deer, Laura Whitehorn and Malcolm X.Item Introduction to The Angela Y. Davis Reader(Blackwell Publishers, 1998) James, JoyFor three decades, Angela Y. Davis has written on feminism, anti-racism, political philosophy, and liberation theory. Her analyses of culture, gender, capital, and race have profoundly influenced political and social thought, and contemporary struggles. The Angela Y. Davis reader presents interviews, essays, and excerpts from Davis's most important works, including her memoir, in four parts - Prisons, Repression, and Resistance; Marxism, Anti-Racism, and Feminism; Aesthetics and Culture; and Interviews - Davis examines progressive politics and intellectualism. The extensive introduction by Joy James both provides biographical background and contextualizes the intellectual development of Davis as one of the leading thinkers of our time.Item "Introduction: Democracy and Captivity" in The New Abolitionists: (Neo)Slave Narratives and Contemporary Prison Writings(State University of New York Press, 2005) James, JoyThe New Abolitionists presents a collection of essays and interviews that provide a frank look at the nature and purposes of prisons in the United States from the perspective of the prisoners. Written by Native American, African American, Latino, Asian, and European American prisoners, the book examines captivity and democracy, the racial "other", gender and violence, and the stigma of suspect humanity. Contributors to the volume include Mumia Abu-Jamal, Pancho Aguila, Charles Baxter, Alan Berkman, Philip Berrigan, Wayne Brown, Marilyn Buck, Holley Cantine, Tony Chatman-Bey, Angela Y. Davis, Susie Day, Leslie DiBenedetto, Bill Dunne, Antonio Fernandez (King Tone), Sylvester Gaither, David Gilbert, Amy Goodman, George Jackson, Geronimo ji Jaga (Elmer Pratt), H. B. Johnson, Jr., Heike Kleffner, Drew Leder, Raymond Luc Levasseur, Ed Mead, Mark Medley, Jalil Muntaqim, Viet Mike Ngo, Imari Abubakari Obadele I, Prince Imari A. Obadele (Shemuel ben-Yahweh), Bernard Phillips, Dachine Rainer, Little Rock Reed, Dylan Rodriguez, Susan Rosenberg, Paul St. John, Tiyo Attallah Salah-El, Shaka Sankofa (Gary Graham), Jeremy Scahill, Assata Shakur, Donald Thompson, Selvyn Tillett, Karen Wald, Laura Whitehorn, John Woodland, Jr. and Yaki (James Sayles).Item LGBTQ+ Engineering Students: Culture, (Non)Visibility, and Resistance(2020) Yang, Jerry Austin; Borrego, MauraRecent efforts in diversity and inclusion in the engineering fields are beginning to unpack the various ways that underrepresented groups, such as racial and gender minorities, are marginalized in STEM. One key group that has been overlooked by many such programs is LGBTQ+ engineering students. Given their consistently negative experiences in engineering, such as homophobia and heteronormativity, there is a dearth of research on how LGBTQ+ engineering students may resist these challenges and create spaces in engineering in which they can thrive. I report on the results of a two-year mixed-methods study of LGBTQ+ electrical engineering students at a large public flagship university in the southwestern United States. Surveys (n = 854) and focus groups (n = 9) were conducted to capture the current climate, senses of belonging, and engineering identities of LGBTQ+ engineering students at the host institution as well as explore the ways in which the participants navigated and created space for themselves in engineering. Preliminary results show that participants used a variety of techniques to craft communities of support around them and gained institutional status to resist dominant forms of marginalization in engineering. These results suggest that LGBTQ+ students are already creating grassroots forms of change within their personal contexts, and engineering departments must continue to support and enable student efforts toward diversity and inclusion. This study has significant implications for research and practice, as these forms of resistance and grassroots change must be acknowledged by researchers, educators, and practitioners alike as they continue to move forward with diversity and inclusion initiatives.Item Once-Daily Amikacin Dosing In Burn Patients Treated With Continuous Venovenous Hemofiltration(2011-10) Akers, Kevin S.; Cota, Jason M.; Frei, Christopher R.; Chung, Kevin K.; Mende, Katrin; Murray, Clinton K.; Frei, Christopher R.Amikacin clearance can be increased in burn injury, which is often complicated by renal insufficiency. Little is known about the impact of renal replacement therapies, such as continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH), on amikacin pharmacokinetics. We retrospectively examined the clinical pharmacokinetics, bacteriology, and clinical outcomes of 60 burn patients given 15 mg/kg of body weight of amikacin in single daily doses. Twelve were treated with concurrent CVVH therapy, and 48 were not. The pharmacodynamic target of >= 10 for the maximum concentration of drug in serum divided by the MIC (C-max/MIC) was achieved in only 8.5% of patients, with a small reduction of C-max in patients receiving CVVH and no difference in amikacin clearance. Mortality and burn size were greater in patients who received CVVH. Overall, 172 Gram-negative isolates were recovered from the blood cultures of 39 patients, with amikacin MIC data available for 82 isolates from 24 patients. A 10,000-patient Monte Carlo simulation was conducted incorporating pharmacokinetic and MIC data from these patients. The cumulative fraction of response (CFR) was similar in CVVH and non-CVVH patients. The CFR rates were not significantly improved by a theoretical 20 mg/kg amikacin dose. Overall, CVVH did not appear to have a major impact on amikacin serum concentrations. The low pharmacodynamic target attainment appears to be primarily due to higher amikacin MICs rather than more rapid clearance of amikacin related to CVVH therapy.Item Population Differentiation In Daphnia Alters Community Assembly In Experimental Ponds(2011-03) Pantel, Jelena H.; Leibold, Mathew A.; Juenger, Thomas E.; Leibold, Mathew A.; Juenger, Thomas E.Most studies of community assembly ignore how genetic differentiation within species affects their colonization and extinction. However, genetic differentiation in ecologically relevant traits may be substantial enough to alter the colonization and extinction processes that drive community assembly. We measured significant molecular genetic and quantitative trait differentiation among three Daphnia pulex X pulicaria populations in southwestern Michigan ponds and investigated whether this differentiation could alter the assembly of pond zooplankton communities in experimental mesocosms. In this study, we monitored the invasion success of different D. pulex x pulicaria populations after their introduction into an established zooplankton community. We also monitored the invasion success of a diverse array of zooplankton species into different D. pulex x pulicaria populations. Zooplankton community composition depended on the D. pulex X pulicaria source population. Daphnia pulex X pulicaria from one population failed to invade zooplankton communities, while those from other populations successfully invaded similar communities. If population differentiation in other species plays a role in community assembly similar to that demonstrated in our study, assembly may be more sensitive to evolutionary processes than has been previously generally considered.