Browsing by Subject "North America -- United States -- Texas"
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Item The Arroyo Formaton (Leonardian: Lower Permian) and Its Vertebrate Fossils(Texas Memorial Museum, The University of Texas at Austin, 1989-07) Olson, Everett C.Studies of the Arroyo formation from northern Haskell County south to Runnels County, Texas trace the changes in organisms and environments from the classic terrestrial beds of Baylor and Wilbarger Counties to the fully marine sections to the south. Terrestrial deposits that contain vertebrate remains have been found only as far south as Haskell, Texas. Limestones, sampled and treated by acetic acid, have produced tetrapods to the level of Abilene, Texas. Among these are the commonest genera of the Arroyo, including several types of microsaurs. Notably absent is the highly terrestrial genus Captorhinus. Above the Lueders Limestone, the Arroyo section in the southern area consists of four marine limestones alternating with varied thicknesses of red mudstones, with small increments of sandstones and fine conglomerates. The distributions of the limestones and the elastics indicate four major transgressions of the sea, with a very irregular coastline during the peaks of transgression. The limestones have yielded a wide variety of fish, including xenacanthid sharks, various other Chondrichthyes, and dipnoan and palaeoniscoid Osteichthyes. Special attention is paid to the systematics, distributions, and habitats of the fish, with special emphasis upon the use of scale histology in taxonomic studies.Item A Bibliography of the Recent Mammals of Texas(Texas Memorial Museum, The University of Texas at Austin, 1962-03) Raun, Gerald G.Item Carrolla craddocki: A New Genus and Species of Microsaur from the Lower Permian of Texas(Texas Memorial Museum, The University of Texas at Austin, 1986-04) Langston Jr., Wann; Olson, E.C.The specimen, comprising a skull and jaws, is assigned to the suborder Microbrachomorpha and tentatively to the family Brachystelechidae on the basis of the structure of the temporal and occipital regions. It is unique among known microsaurs in the possession of marginal teeth with long slender hollow bases and bifurcated crowns and the apparent absence of palatal dentition. Carrolla craddocki, new genus and species, from Lower Permian (Wolfcampian) Belle Plains Formation in Archer County, Texas, is described and figured. If correctly assigned to the Brachystelechidae, Carrolla is the first record of the family in North America, but it was probably not equivalent ecologically to the roughly contemporaneous Brachystelechus of Europe. Carrolla is believed to have been a burrower in hard soils. Its diet may have comprised soft-bodied subterranean invertebrates, but the functional significance which developed cryptic behavior under competitive pressures from surface dwelling reptiles in an increasingly harsh Early Permian environment in North America.Item Daveko Kiowa-Apache Medicine Man(Texas Memorial Museum, The University of Texas at Austin, 1970-11) Mcallister, J. Gilbert; Newcomb Jr., W.W.Item Early Tertiary Vertebrate Faunas Big Bend Area Trans-Pecos Texas: Brontotheriidae(Texas Memorial Museum, The University of Texas at Austin, 1977-01) Wilson, John AndrewA new larger species of Sthenodectes is based on two well preserved skulls and other material from the late Bridgerian or early Uintan (middle or late Eocene) of the Agua Fria area in Trans-Pecos Texas. Menodus bakeri Stovall is confirmed from the Porvenir and Little Egypt local faunas (Chadronian) (early Oligocene) of the Vieja area in Trans-Pecos Texas.Item Early Tertiary Vertebrate Faunas Big Bend Area Trans-Pecos Texas: Simidectes (Mammalia insectivora)(Texas Memorial Museum, The University of Texas at Austin, 1979) Gustafon, Eric PaulSeveral specimens from the Buck Hill Group, Agua Fria area, Texas, represent Simidectes magnus, a species previously reported only from the Uinta Formation of Utah. Statistics of known specimens of Simidectes are inadequate to demonstrate the existence of more than one species in the Utah and Texas sections; S. medius may be a junior synonym of S. magnus. In the lower part of the'Section at Agua Fria, Simidectes occurs in the Whistler Squat local fauna of late Bridgerian or early Uintan age; in the upper part of the section it is found in association with an early Hyaenodon and the adapid primate Mahgarita stevensi.Item Early Tertiary Vertebrate Faunas Vieja Group Trans-Pecos Texas: Rodentia(Texas Memorial Museum, The University of Texas at Austin, 1974-04) Wood, Albert E.The fossil rodents of the late Eocene to early Oligocene Vieja Group are described. They include the paramyids Leptotomus leptodus, L. gigans n. sp., Mytonomys gaitania, Microparamys perjossus n. sp., Ischyrotomus cf, petersoni and Manitsha johanniculi n. sp.; the ischyromyids Ischyromys blacki n. sp, and Titanotheriomys veterior; the cylindrodonts Cylindrodon fontis, Pseudocylindrodon neglectus, P. texanus n. sp., Ardynomys occidentalis, Jaywilsonomyinae n. subf., Jaywilsonomys ojinagaensis and /. pintoensis; the eomyids Adjidaumo cf. minutus, Viejadjidaumo magniscopuli n. gen., n. sp., Aulolithomys bounites, Meliakrouniomys wilsoni and Yoderimys lustrorum n. sp.; the eutypomyid Eutypomys inexpectatus n. sp.; the possible zapodid cf. Simimys sp. indet., and the possible cricetid Subsumus candelariae n. gen., n. sp. Skulls are described for Pseudocylindrodon texanus, Viejadjidaumo magniscopuli and Yoderimys lustrorum, and partial ones for Ischyromys blacki, Titanotheriomys veterior, Jaywilsonomys ojinagaensis, Aulolithomys bounites and Eutypomys inexpectatus. The Vieja fossils help to close the gap between late Eocene and Early Oligocene North American rodent faunules.Item Early Tertiary Vertebrate Faunas, Vieja Group, Trans-Pecos Texas: Entelontidae(Texas Memorial Museum, The University of Texas at Austin, 1971-07) Wilson, John AndrewItem Early Tertiary Vertebrate Faunas, Vieja Group, Trans-Pecos Texas: Equidae(Texas Memorial Museum, The University of Texas at Austin, 1971-07) Forsten, Ann-Marie; McGrew, Paul O.Item Ethnic Identities of Extinct Coahuiltecan Populations: Case of the Juanca Indians(Texas Memorial Museum, The University of Texas at Austin, 1977-02) Campbell, T. N.The name Juanca is presented for future use as a modern standardized name for a Coahuilteco-speaking, hunting-and-gathering Indian group recorded in Spanish documents as living on the South Texas Plain in the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries. This name appears in at least 18 recognizable variants, six of which - Huacacasa, Juamaca, Juncata, Quanataguo, Tuanca, and Vanca - have at times been mistakenly identified by scholars as names of separate and distinct Coahuiltecan Indian populations. Documents associated with missions San Bernardo (northeastern Coahuila) and San Antonio de Valero (southern Texas) indicate a very high probability that orthographic distortion of the name Juanca by Spanish record keepers has led to an unwarranted increase in the number of names on the generally accepted list of formally named Coahuiltecan Indian populations of northeastern Mexico and southern Texas. Little was ever recorded about Juanca culture, but documents link them with northwestern Frio County in 1691, leading to the conclusion that their aboriginal territorial range, as determined by the natural food quest, must have covered a fairly large area on the South Texas Plain midway between San Antonio and Eagle Pass, Texas. Evidently already reduced in numbers when first recorded, possibly by European-introduced diseases and the effects of Apache expansion southeastward, a few Juanca individuals and families eventually entered missions San Bernardo and San Antonio de Valero where, after numerous recorded distortions of the group name, their ethnic identity was lost during the last two decades of the eighteenth century.Item The Fossil Horses of the Texas Gulf Coastal Plain: A Revision(Texas Memorial Museum, The University of Texas at Austin, 1975-05) Forsten, Ann-MarieSixteen species of nine genera of fossil horses from the Texas Gulf Coastal Plain are redescribed or described and compared with forms known from other areas of North America. Similar forms are found to occur especially in faunas of the Great Plains, Florida, and the West Coast. The evolution of the coastal plain horses and their presumed phylogenetic importance is discussed. The fossil horses are shown generally to confirm Patton's (1969) correlation of the four local faunas of the Texas Gulf Coastal Plain.Item Fossil Mammals from the Lower Buck Hill Group, Eocene of Trans-Pecos Texas: Marsupicarnivora, Primates, Taeniodonta, Condylarthra, Bunodont Artiodactyla, and Dinocerata(Texas Memorial Museum, The University of Texas at Austin, 1982-10) West, Robert M.Two assemblages of fossil mammals from the lower part of the Eocene Buck Hill Group, Brewster County, Texas, contain two species of marsupials, five of primates, two of condylarths, one taeniodont, six of bunodont artiodactyls, and one uintathere. Most of these are specifically identical to organisms from the Bridgerian and Uintan faunas of the Rocky Mountain region of Utah and Wyoming. Relatively few are closely related to species of the same age from Southern California. One artiodactyl represents a new genus. The age of the stratigraphically lower assemblage, part of the Whistler Squat local fauna, is late Bridgerian or early Uintan, while that of the higher assemblage, from the Serendipity local fauna, is clearly Uintan.Item Geologic Reconnaissance of the Fort Davis National Historic Site, Texas(Texas Memorial Museum, The University of Texas at Austin, 1967-06) Everett, A. GordonItem Handbook of Texas Archaeology: Type Descriptions(Texas Memorial Museum, The University of Texas at Austin, 1962) Suhm, Dee Ann; Jelks, Edward B.Item Occurrence of Exotic Fishes in Texas Waters(Texas Memorial Museum, The University of Texas at Austin, 1982-12) Hubbs, ClarkMany of the fishes currently inhabiting Texas freshwaters are not native to that location. This influx of exotic fishes is equivalent to about 20 percent of the original freshwater fish fauna.Item Pliocene Carnivores of The Coffee Ranch(Texas Memorial Museum, The University of Texas at Austin, 1969-12) Dalquest, Walter W.New material collected in the Coffee Ranch quarry, Hemphill County, Texas, represents eight species of Carnivora. Included in the fauna is an apparently new species of Pseudaelurus. Abundant material makes possible a detailed description of the bone-eating dog, Osteohorus cyonoides. The sabertoothed cat, Machairodus catocopis, is described from a largely complete skeleton. Specimens include teeth, previously unknown, of the rare wolverine, Plesiogulo marshalli and a very large bear, Indarctos oregonensis.Item A Population of Woodrats in Southern Texas(Texas Memorial Museum, The University of Texas at Austin, 1966-04) Raun, Gerald G.Item Stratigraphic Occurrence and Correlation of Early Tertiary Vertebrate Faunas, Trans-Pecos Texas(Texas Memorial Museum, The University of Texas at Austin, 1977) Wilson, John AndrewStrategraphic positions for the Candelaria local fauna (late Uintan), the Porvenir local fauna (early Chadronian), Little Egypt, and Airstrip local faunas (Chadronian) within the Vieja Group are given. The Porvenir local fauna contains 32 genera in common with Chadronian faunas to the north and six genera in common with the Lapoint fauna. K-AR dates of approximately 38 and 36 million years are below and above the Porvenir local fauna. A mammalian assemblage sufficiently distinct to characterize a Duchesnean age is not present in the Vieja area. It is urged that the first appearance of Mesohippus mark the beginning of the Chadronian age.Item Toward a Statistical Overview of the Archaic Cultures of Central and Southwwestern Texas(Texas Memorial Museum, The University of Texas at Austin, 1967-04) Johnson Jr., LeroyTotal lithic artifact collections from nine Texas sites are compared here by a simple form of cluster analysis with ordered matrix. Roark Cave, Coontail Spin Rockshelter, Centipede Cave, and the Devil's Mouth Site occur in the desertland of southwestern Texas, while the Wunderlich Site and the Levi, Oblate, Smith, and Kyle rockshelters are located in the semi-wooded hills of central Texas. All are simple middens without discrete occupational components. Since component recognition is necessary for archeological unit definition, a culture-historical integration of the archeological data from these sites must be achieved by some other means. This paper develops a comparative method suitable for this task. Lithic artifacts from site columns are isolated into collections representing given intervals of time, described typologically, and compared quantitatively to produce Robinson (1951) indexes of agreement. These indexes are grouped into clusters by matrix analysis, to reveal spatial-temporal patterns of uniformity amenable to cultural and ecological interpretations. Index clusters are plotted in time and space. This plotting shows (1) that the desert area of southwestern Texas is more stable, archeologically, from one period to another than the semi-wooded area of central Texas, and (2) that the two areas stand apart as separate archeological provinces throughout much of their histories.