Browsing by Subject "Mexican Revolution"
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Item The child’s perspective of war and its aftermath in works of adult prose and film in Mexico and Spain(2011-05) Nickelson-Requejo, Sadie; Higginbotham, Virginia, 1935-; Robbins, Jill, 1962-; Fierro, Enrique; Pérez, Domino; Reed, Cory; Richmond-Garza, ElizabethThis dissertation investigates the literary and cinematic use of the child’s perspective to present the Mexican Revolution and the Spanish Civil War and their aftermath in several Mexican, Spanish, and international (Mexican-Spanish collaborative) narratives of the 20th and early 21st Centuries written by adult authors and filmmakers, and targeted for adult audiences. The Mexican narratives are Cartucho and Las manos de mamá by Nellie Campobello, Balún Canán by Rosario Castellanos, and Bandidos, a film by Luis Estrada; selected Spanish works are El espíritu de la colmena by Víctor Erice, Cría cuervos by Carlos Saura, and El sur by Adelaida García Morales; and both international works are films by Guillermo del Toro, El espinazo del diablo and El laberinto del fauno. I attempt to determine the textual or cinematic function of the child as first person (homodiegetic) narrative viewer in these works, and I study the different ways in which this child’s point of view is constructed in order to depict the overwhelming tragedy of war. I note patterns and diversities in subject matter presented by the narrative voice, and observe the characteristics of the child narrative viewer’s world and priorities (as presented by the authors and filmmakers), paying careful attention to how each perceives and understands his or her country’s violent upheaval and its aftermath. The theoretical framework of this investigation draws mainly from trauma theory, Gothic studies, and the tradition of the fairy tale. I illustrate how within the war narrative in addition to the author’s/filmmaker’s desire to recreate the sentiment that a child would evoke in adult readers and viewers, the child narrative viewer is employed for three main reasons: to play upon or against preexisting notions of the child’s innocence; to represent (possibly subversively) the nation; and as therapeutic means of returning to a paradise lost or creating a paradise never experienced.Item Gender & Class in the Mexican Revolution(2024-01-17) Ferrante, Lia; Fisher, Augustino; Fisher, JacksonStudents will learn about the Mexican Revolution, specifically about the role class and gender played during this time period, through a four-day unit consisting of three lessons and a final day summative activity. The unit will begin with a broad overview of the major historical events, people, and locations that define this period of Mexican history. The second lesson will focus on prescribed gender roles (combatants, mothers, community leaders, and military support) and stereotypes of women in Mexican society, and what women were doing during the Mexican Revolution to challenge these. The third and final lesson of the unit will explore the role of socioeconomic class as an additional perspective in which we can view how women behaved and participated in the Mexican Revolution. The unit will end with a summative assessment in which students will work in groups to create their own “penny press” publication that includes short articles and visual depictions of the major issues discussed in the unit.Item La figura mítica de Pancho Villa como ícono de identidad nacional y masculinidad en México y en la frontera México-Estados Unidos através de la literatura y el cine(2013-12) Chávez, Cuitláhuac; Domínguez Ruvalcaba, Héctor, 1962-In my dissertation I show how the hegemonic power of the post-revolutionary state in Mexico utilized the figure of legendary Pancho Villa in literature and cinematography to create a national myth that represents a consensus in a mestizo patriarchal Christian society. I examine how the use and abuse of the image of Villa in post-revolutionary literary works and films caused this figure to acquire mythical characteristics and dimensions, and to become a key element in the construction of national identity and masculinity in Mexico. I argue that the figure of Villa is a confirmation of a traditional rather than a revolutionary proposal in gender terms. Equally important, I demonstrate how the literature and film of the Mexican revolution constitute instrumental devices for the formation of masculinity and the strengthening of a homo-social culture in the Mexico’s post-revolutionary stage, a process that would later determine the structure of the Mexican state. I also contend that in the construction of the mythical figure of Pancho Villa at least two sources of representation are participating: the Mexican state machinery on the one hand, and the American media on the other. By the same token, I show how the figure of Villa nurtures a national project and constitutes one of the most diffused perceptions of Mexican identity in the United States.Item Lesson 1: The “History” of the Mexican Revolution(2024-01-17) Ferrante, Lia; Fisher, Augustino; Fisher, JacksonThis lesson provides a basic overview of the Mexican Revolution (1910-1920). Students will be able to identify the causes, course, and results of the Mexican Revolution through the exploration of key events and figures.Item Lesson 2: Perceptions and Realities of Women during the Mexican Revolution(2024-01-17) Ferrante, Lia; Fisher, Augustino; Fisher, JacksonThis lesson will build on the historical overview of the Mexican Revolution from Lesson 1 and narrow the focus to the experience of women. Through the lesson, students will gain an understanding of gender norms and stereotypes that defined women’s roles during the Mexican Revolution and how they challenged those norms, both in society and in military conflict.Item Lesson 3: Women and Socioeconomic Class in Early 20th-Century Mexico(2024-01-17) Ferrante, Lia; Fisher, Augustino; Fisher, JacksonThis lesson focuses on how women from different socioeconomic classes experienced the Mexican Revolution.Item Lesson 4: Mexican “Penny Press” Publications(2024-01-17) Ferrante, Lia; Fisher, Augustino; Fisher, JacksonStudents will be introduced to the concept of penny presses and political journals in the context of the Mexican Revolution.Item Perspectivas de la revolución mexicana en el exilio: el desencanto de los intelectuales en la narrativa mexicoamericana (1926-1935)(2013-05) González Esparza, Karla Elizabeth; González, John Morán; Arroyo, JossiannaMy dissertation, Perspectives of the Mexican Revolution from the exile: the disillusionment of the intellectuals in Mexican-American narratives (1926-1935), studies the migration from Mexico to the United States during the Mexican Revolution of 1910 and the literary production of the Mexican intellectuals in exile who build a transnational imaginary of national identity and interpretations of nationalism. I argue that the transnational experience of the Mexican Revolution influences the political discourse that questions the integration of the immigrant community in the reconstruction project of post-revolutionary Mexico, as reflected in the novels Las aventuras de don Chipote (1928) by Daniel Venegas, El sol de Texas (1926) by Conrado Espinoza and La patria perdida (1935) by Teodoro Torres. My work on these authors and their texts, all of them understudied and written in Spanish, focuses on the study of the parallels between the literary production during the Revolution in Mexico and also in the United States, pointing at a decisive moment where the transnational impact of the Revolution influences the incorporation of the immigrant and peasant community as citizens of Mexico or the United States. My dissertation consists of an introduction and four chapters. In the introduction, I present the theoretical framework that analyzes the literary production in both Mexico and the United States during this time period. Chapter 1 presents a historical context that explains the inevitable impact of the Mexican Revolution on the U.S.-Mexico border. Chapter 2 shows the perspective of Daniel Venegas in Las aventuras de don Chipote (1928) which presents a protest against the abuse of the immigrant communities and questions the success of the immigrant in the United States. Chapter 3 presents the perspective of Conrado Espinoza in El sol de Texas (1926) portraying the idea that the national imaginary can only be constructed in the nation and not in exile. Chapter 4 presents the perspective of Teodoro Torres in La patria perdida (1935) where the idea of the repatriation project is contested, and citizenship in the United States is favored. The dissertation intends to study two contrasting perspectives on the immigrant communities and their role in the reconstruction of post-revolutionary Mexico or in the booming U.S. economy.Item Revolutionary Mexico in Newspapers 1900-1929: Guide to the Microfilm Set(Benson Latin American Collection, 2002) Benavides, Adán; McAlester, Agnes L.The University of Texas at Austin General Libraries and its Nettie Lee Benson Latin American Collection have preserved on microfilm 227,930 pages from 560 Mexican newspaper titles which date primarily from 1900 to 1929. The project, which ran from October 2000 through September 2002, was supported, in part, by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PA-23563-00). The majority of the newspapers (326, 58.2%) were published in the Distrito Federal; but a substantial number (234, 41.8%) were published in Mexican cities from twenty-eight states. Of particular interest are the titles that were published during the pivotal decade of the Mexican Revolution, 1910 through 1919, many of which are from cities other than Mexico City. These newspaper issues are rarely held in U.S. libraries, and some are uniquely held in the Benson Collection - 489 newspaper titles in this set came from its holdings. The Library of Congress, Tulane University, Harvard University, and Boston Public Library provided other titles and supplementary issues. Tulane University alone supplied 61 unique titles, principally newspapers from Chiapas and Yucatán. The Library of Congress lent several unique titles as well as many supplementary issues, especially from the Distrito Federal. Well-known, long-running newspapers were omitted from the project if they were available on microfilm through U.S. research institutions. The arrangement of the newspapers within the microfilm is alphabetical by state and city thereunder (reels 1 to 125) with newspapers published in the Distrito Federal following (125 to 344). Addenda and errata appear in reel 345. This guide follows that arrangement and also contains an alphabetical list of the titles, which serves as an index to the newspapers. The reel and frame number in the alphabetical list refers to the first issue microfilmed and, if applicable, to the reel of addenda and errata; different newspapers with the same title are listed separately. The microfilm is available for purchase or through interlibrary loan.Item The Zapatistas and their world : the pueblos of Morelos in postrevolutionary Mexico, 1920-1940(2014-12-09) Salinas, Salvador, 1981-; Butler, Matthew (Matthew John Blakemore); Brown, Jonathan; Garfield, Seth; Virginia Garrard-Burnett; Brunk, SamuelStudies on the state of Morelos and its role in the Mexican Revolution (1910-1920) have tended to focus on the origins of the conflict or the fighting itself rather than the outcomes of the insurgency led by Emiliano Zapata (1879-1919). This dissertation, instead, analyzes the aftermath of the revolution in Morelos by providing a new political and environmental history of the state in the 1920s and 1930s. It argues that previous conceptualizations of the region’s villages as being motivated by either moral or economic factors are by themselves insufficient to explain the diversity of pueblos, or rural communities, in Morelos. Rather, this study uses Mexico’s historically-rooted, liberal concept of village sovereignty to integrate moral, economic, and cultural interpretations of village behaviors in post-revolutionary Morelos. The idea of what it meant to be a sovereign village, however, evolved in the 1920s and 1930s to include new political and institutional ties to centralized government in Mexico City. Rural engagement with the post-revolutionary state in fact strengthened local control over elections, natural resources, and primary schools vis-à-vis old elites now in retreat during this period. Villagers, meanwhile, constantly dialogued with national authorities over the aims of federal state-building policies and negotiated the terms of the region’s loyalty to Mexico City.Item A transcendental mission : Spiritism and the revolutionary politics of Francisco I. Madero, 1900 – 1911(2013-05) Amoruso, Michael Benjamin; Tweed, Thomas A.This study argues that Francisco I. Madero, a Spiritist and the thirty-third President of Mexico, understood his political action as the earthly component of spiritual struggle. In Madero's correspondence, "spirit writings," and pseudonymous Spiritist publications, we find a prescriptive Spiritist vision, in which democracy represents a triumph of human's "higher nature" over the "base, selfish passions" of Porfirio Díaz and his regime. This prescriptive vision is both characteristic of Kardecist Spiritism, the transnational metaphysical movement influential in the Americas since the mid-nineteenth century, and the outward expression of an inner struggle, in which self-discipline, charity, and hard work are thought to calm one's "animal passions," and in so doing attract "higher spirits" that aid in spiritual development. While reserved in the public presentation of his religiosity, the documentary evidence suggests that for Madero, the democratic struggle had "transcendental" significance. Analyzing his published work alongside his personal and political biography in the period between 1900-1911, this study briefly considers this prescriptive Spiritist vision and the ways it inflected Madero's political action and accommodated changing political circumstance.