Browsing by Subject "Masonry"
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Item Displacement-based seismic design and tools for reinforced masonry shear-wall structures(2012-12) Ahmadi Koutalan, Farhad; Klingner, R. E.; Jirsa, James O.; Wood, Sharon; Yura, Joseph A.; Kyriakides, SteliosThe research described here is part of a multi-university project on “Performance-based Seismic Design Methods and Tools for Reinforced Masonry Shear-Wall Structures.” Within the context of that project, the objective of the research described in this dissertation was to develop and validate a specific displacement-based seismic design methodology for masonry structures. Experimental work consisted of reversed cyclic loading tests of reinforced masonry wall segments with different boundary conditions, aspect ratios, axial loads, and reinforcement detailing. Analytical work consisted of developing analytical models for in-plane concrete masonry shear wall segments; calibrating those models using reversed cyclic test data; and using those models to successfully predict the nonlinear seismic response of two full-scale, multi-story reinforced masonry specimens tested on the shake-table at the University of California at San Diego. Design work consisted of the force-based and displacement based design of those specimens. Based on the results, provisions for displacement-based seismic design are proposed for inclusion in United States design codes.Item Donald Judd Guest Lecture(1992-03-09) Judd, DonaldAudio files are EID restricted. Individuals without an EID should send an email request to apl-aaa@lib.utexas.edu.Item Edward Allen Construction Lecture(1987) Allen, EdwardAudio files are EID restricted. Individuals without an EID should send an email request to apl-aaa@lib.utexas.edu.Item Elizabeth Danze Habitat studio(1994) Danze, ElizabethAudio files are EID restricted. Individuals without an EID should send an email request to apl-aaa@lib.utexas.edu.Item Gary Cunningham Guest Lecture(1994-02-28) Cunningham, GaryAudio files are EID restricted. Individuals without an EID should send an email request to apl-aaa@lib.utexas.edu.Item Quasi-static testing of cantilever masonry shear wall segments(2012) Hernandez, Jaime F.; Klingner, R. E.The primary objective of this thesis was to study how the behavior of flexure-dominated masonry shear-wall segments is affected by changes in the normalized axial load and the percentage of vertical reinforcement. Six reinforced masonry shear-wall segment were constructed and tested at the Ferguson Structural Engineering Laboratory of the University of Texas at Austin. Specimens were 96-in. wide and 96-in. high (aspect ratio equal to 1.0) and were tested with different combinations of axial load ratio (zero and 0.10) and vertical reinforcement ratios (0.33% and 0.16%). Specimens met the 2011 MSJC Code requirements for special reinforced masonry shear walls, and were tested under quasi-static in-plane reversed cyclic loads. The specimens exhibited predominantly flexural behavior, as expected. Specimens exhibited high displacement ductility (5.6 to 16.7), as expected for flexure-dominated specimens. Specimens constructed with "green" units behaved essentially like otherwise identical specimens constructed with conventional ("gray") units.Item Seismic evaluation and rehabilitation of low-rise reinforced masonry buildings with flexible diaphragms(2004) Cohen, Gregory L.; Klingner, R. E.In response to Executive Order 12941 (1994), the United States government initiated a coordinated effort to assess and mitigate the seismic hazards of its existing owned and leased facilities. This study was contracted to enhance that effort for low-rise reinforced masonry buildings with flexible diaphragms. The study involved the development of systematic methodologies for the seismic evaluation and rehabilitation of such buildings. First, the seismic behavior of these types of buildings was characterized. Two, half-scale low-rise reinforced masonry buildings with flexible diaphragms were tested on the US Army Tri-axial Earthquake and Shock Simulator at the US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Construction Engineering Research Laboratory. This testing provided experimental data for analytical modeling, and provided specific technical substantiation for the generally accepted premise that diaphragm flexibility can significantly affect the seismic response of low-rise buildings. Following that testing, diaphragms and attached masonry chords were removed from the shaking-table specimens and subjected to reversed cyclic quasi-static displacements. Observations and conclusions from physical testing were used to develop and validate a simple tool for the analysis of these buildings. The tool was developed in the general case and then analytically bounded for the particular case of low-rise reinforced masonry buildings with flexible diaphragms. It was validated in the linear elastic and nonlinear ranges using data from shaking-table testing, finite-element modeling, and lumped-parameter modeling. Data from previous flexible-diaphragm tests, performed by others, were reevaluated in the context of performance-based engineering and synthesized with the analysis tool into a coherent evaluation methodology intended to supplement the existing methodologies of Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Documents 310 and 356. To assess the efficacy of the proposed methodology, four existing buildings were selected from the Ft. Lewis, Washington inventory and evaluated for seismic deficiencies. The buildings were evaluated using procedures of FEMA 310, US Army TI 809-05, and the proposed methodology. Results conclusively demonstrated that the FEMA 310 methodology does not sufficiently characterize the seismic performance of flexible diaphragm systems, and the proposed methodology is simple, effective, and useful. Recommendations are placed in the context of evolutionary updating of the FEMA methodologies, as applied to specific subsets of the national building inventory.Item Seismic vulnerability of masonry facades in Texas and Oklahoma regions(2018-07-18) Kurkowski, Jennifer Leigh; Clayton, Patricia M.; Murcia-Delso, JuanIn the Oklahoma and Texas area, an increase in human-induced seismic activity has resulted in millions of dollars of damage in the region, primarily to residential homes. The most common damage is to chimneys and masonry veneers. This study focuses on better understanding and evaluating the fragility of brick veneers to the human-induced earthquakes that have been experienced in this region. A computational wall model was developed based on previous experimental and computational research on non-seismically detailed brick veneers from the literature. A suite of ground motion recorded in Texas, Oklahoma, and Kansas since 2010 was provided by geotechnical engineering researchers at the University of Texas at Austin and was used in this study to represent the seismic hazards expected in the region. Fragility curves were developed using the experimentally validated computational models, in which ground motion uncertainty was accounted for in the suite of ground motions used in the fragility analysis. To evaluate the effects of different seismic hazards on brick veneer fragility, ground motion ensembles representing both the New Madrid and the Texas-region seismic events were considered. Fragility curves were also generated using brick veneer models with variations in brick tie types and configurations to evaluate the effects of veneer anchorage detailing and retrofit strategies on seismic performance. The study has shown that when trying to predict the fragility of masonry façade, it’s important to utilize ground motions from the region and seismic hazard of interest, as it has an impact on the relative fragility of the wall model because of varying characteristics. Although using a code compliant gauge for veneer ties is ideal, it was shown that the most critical part of installation is including ties in the upper portion of a wall panel. If it is desired to strengthen an existing brick veneer wall, without having to reinstall the wall, adding additional anchorage at the top of the wall will still provide increased seismic resistance, which may be a good course of action if it is suspected that there are ties that are missing, have corroded, or were not installed properly.Item Ted Flato Guest Lecture(1994-02-25) Flato, TedAudio files are EID restricted. Individuals without an EID should send an email request to apl-aaa@lib.utexas.edu.