Browsing by Subject "Health attitudes"
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Item Factors influencing children's reported health promotion behaviors(1991) Frauman, Annette Crosby, 1938-; Not availableItem Relation of acculturation, perceived benefits and barriers, self-efficacy, social support, and beliefs about physical activity to physical activity levels of college-aged Hispanic and non-Hispanic women(2011-05) Velasquez, Katherine Elizabeth Serna, 1961-; Holahan, Carole K.; Bartholomew, John; Loukas, Alexandra; Beretvas, Susan N.; Harrison, Tracie C.Two overall national health goals are to increase the quality and years of healthy life and to eliminate health disparities. Physical inactivity is a leading cause of disability and death due to its relationship with overweight and chronic disease. Hispanic women are less physically active than Hispanic men and Anglo women in leisure time physical activity and recommended levels of physical activity (PA). From a developmental perspective, understanding prevalence and correlates of PA in emerging adulthood may make a significant contribution to increasing PA as women move into full adulthood. The Health Promotion Model (HPM) advanced by Pender provided the framework for examining beliefs about PA and other correlates of PA. This study also developed and tested a scale measuring beliefs about PA (BPA) that tried to access cultural differences between non-Hispanic and Hispanic women. The study was carried out by electronic solicitation to randomly selected non-Hispanic and Hispanic students from 3 southwestern universities and yielded 237 complete online surveys. Instruments comprising the survey included the Short-version of the International PA Questionnaire (IPAQ), Exercise Benefits and Barriers Scale (EBBS), Self-Efficacy for Exercise (SEE), Social Support for Exercise Survey for Family and Friends (SSFA, SSFR), BPA, the Acculturation Rating Scale for Mexican Americans (ARSMA II), and questions about SES. Statistical procedures included factor analysis, t-tests, and multi-sample path analysis. Respondents included 80 non-Hispanic and 157 Hispanic women, aged 18-27. Factor analysis of the BPA produced 7 subscales accounting for 68% of the explained variance (spirituality, role enhancement, socialization preferences, personal benefits, cultural beliefs, exercise difficulty, and women’s roles). Independent sample t-tests indicated group means for spirituality and cultural beliefs significantly differed, as did total BPA, acculturation, & SES. Path analysis provided evidence for a model with good fit for both groups. Significant path coefficients to vigorous PA included benefits, SE, and SSFA. Total indirect effects for SES to vigorous PA through SE and SSFA were significant. Acculturation, SES, SSFR, and BPA were not significant predictors of vigorous PA.Item The relationship of health belief model variables, perceived self-efficacy, internal-external locus of control, and knowledge about AIDS to the practice of safer sex : a survey of community college students(1990) Willis, Amy Catherine, 1953-; Richardson, Frank C.; Hanson, Gary R.The purpose of this study was to explore relations between Health Belief Model variables (demographics, cues to action, seriousness, susceptibility, benefits, and barriers), perceived self-efficacy, internal-external locus of control, and knowledge about AIDS and the associated outcomes of practicing safer sex and intentions to practice safer sex. A questionnaire, comprised primarily of measures constructed by the author, was completed by 323 community college students. Seventy-one heterosexual subjects were identified as practicing safer sex. Results of a comparison of means indicated that heterosexuals currently practicing safer sex identified significantly greater benefits and fewer barriers to practicing safer sex, evidenced higher levels of perceived self-efficacy, and held a more internal locus of control than did sexually active heterosexuals not currently practicing safer sex. A discriminant function analysis predicted correct classification of 60% of all cases. In addition, both groups had a high level of knowledge about AIDS and indicated that they felt highly susceptible to AIDS, which they identified as a fairly serious disease. The only demographic variable which yielded significant results was marital status; that is, sexually active heterosexuals living alone perceived themselves to be somewhat more susceptible to AIDS than did those who were cohabiting. Comparable analyses were performed for intentions to practice safer sex. Heterosexual subjects who intend to practice safer sex were significantly more likely to feel susceptible to AIDS, identified greater benefits and fewer barriers to practicing safer sex, evidenced higher levels of perceived self-efficacy, and were more knowledgeable about AIDS than those subjects who did not intend to practice safer sex. For this comparison of means, internal-external locus of control and seriousness of AIDS were not significant. When a discriminant function analysis was performed utilizing all seven variables, locus of control entered into the equation and benefits dropped out. Correct classification of 73.8% of all cases was predicted. One of the cues to action, having AIDS discussed in a college class, was significantly related to intentions to practice safer sex. Other supplementary analyses are reported. Discussion of these results, limitations of the study, and implications for future research are presentedItem Self-rated health and perceived illness vulnerability as mediators of exercise and office visits(2005) Suzuki, Rie; Holahan, Carole K.The purpose of this study was to test a model to examine the mediational role of perceived illness vulnerability and self-rated health in predicting exercise and office visits, and the degree to which age may influence these effects. The possible influence of perceived controllability in moderating these effects was also explored. The exogenous predictors were perceived symptoms, depressive symptoms, and perceived friend support. The subjects were 3025 individuals from 24 to 74 responding to the 1995 National Survey of Midlife Development in the United States. The study used multiple group analysis on Mplus to investigate age group differences in the relations among these variables among young, middle, and older adults and among individuals with high and low controllability. The study were consistent with causal relations such that, given the models in the present study, self-rated health acted as a mediator in predicting exercise and office visits, and perceived illness vulnerability acted as mediator in predicting exercise, but not in predicting office visits. Age did not moderate the relationships among the constructs. In the model with office visits as the dependent variable, perceived controllability moderated the relationship between depressive symptoms and self-rated health. Selfrated health mediated the effect of depressive symptoms on effects of office visits only in low controllability. Implications for interventions are discussed.Item Self-rated health status, self-efficacy, motivation, and selected demographics as determinants of health-promoting lifestyle behavior in men 35 to 64 years old : a nursing investigation(1988) Fehir, John Stephen; Pollock, Susan E.Men’s lifestyle habits are a national major public health problem, cause increased morbidity and mortality rates, and cost billions of dollars annually. Knowledge of a healthy lifestyle’s determinants and their relationships could be used to design and test effective intervention strategies that could change lifestyle behavior and enhance men’s health. Health promotion is a major nursing concern but few studies have been conducted to validate theoretical health-promoting determinants in working men. This study's purpose was to determine the extent to which perceived health status, self-efficacy, motivation, and selected demographic variables were related to health-promoting behavior (H-PB) in men. N.J. Pender’s (1987b) Health Promotion Model (HPM), which was expanded to include intrinsic motivation from Cox’s (1982) Interaction Model of Client Health Behavior, was used as the major framework. This cross-sectional, descriptive, correlational study was conducted on 167 mostly married, White men (education M = 15.9 years, SD = 2.4) (household annual income M = $70,204., SD = $41,593.). Data were collected on self-administered questionnaires which contained the self-rated health subindex of the Multilevel Assessment Instrument, the Self-Efficacy Scale, the Health Self- Determinism Index, demographic information, and the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile (HPLP). Analyses included frequencies, correlations, stepwise multiple regression, and canonical correlation. H-PB variance (42.2%) was predicted by perceived health status, self-efficacy, motivation, and marriage, all of which cross-loaded on three significant canonical variates explaining variance (45.4%) in the HPLP subscores that had a cumulative redundancy index of 29.4%. The results partially supported previous research and the relationships posited in the HPM. Socioeconomic status demographic variables were not directly related to the HPM’s cognitive-perceptual variables. Marriage and motivation were major H-PB explanators and predictors. Results demonstrated that men with moderate to high perceived health status, self-efficacy, and motivation acknowledged spousal input concerning health, partially relied on their spouses for health responsibility, and practiced H-PB more than men with different characteristics. Future research should include qualitatively studying marriage’s effects on men’s motivation to practice H-PB, men’s approach to H-PB, and further HPLP testing and revision for a more culturally and socioeconomically relevant instrument