Browsing by Subject "time-series analysis"
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Item The Kepler Characterization Of The Variability Among A- And F-Type Stars I. General Overview(2011-10) Uytterhoeven, K.; Moya, A.; Grigahcene, A.; Guzik, J. A.; Gutierrez-Soto, J.; Smalley, B.; Handler, G.; Balona, L. A.; Niemczura, E.; Machado, L. F.; Benatti, S.; Chapellier, E.; Tkachenko, A.; Szabo, R.; Suarez, J. C.; Ripepi, V.; Pascual, J.; Mathias, P.; Martin-Ruiz, S.; Lehmann, H.; Jackiewicz, J.; Hekker, S.; Gruberbauer, M.; Garcia, R. A.; Dumusque, X.; Diaz-Fraile, D.; Bradley, P.; Antoci, V.; Roth, M.; Leroy, B.; Murphy, S. J.; De Cat, P.; Cuypers, J.; Kjeldsen, H.; Christensen-Dalsgaard, J.; Breger, M.; Pigulski, A.; Kiss, L. L.; Still, M.; Thompson, S. E.; Van Cleve, J.; Breger, MContext. The Kepler spacecraft is providing time series of photometric data with micromagnitude precision for hundreds of A-F type stars. Aims. We present a first general characterization of the pulsational behaviour of A-F type stars as observed in the Kepler light curves of a sample of 750 candidate A-F type stars, and observationally investigate the relation between gamma Doradus (gamma Dor), delta Scuti (delta Sct), and hybrid stars. Methods. We compile a database of physical parameters for the sample stars from the literature and new ground-based observations. We analyse the Kepler light curve of each star and extract the pulsational frequencies using different frequency analysis methods. We construct two new observables, >energy> and >efficiency>, related to the driving energy of the pulsation mode and the convective efficiency of the outer convective zone, respectively. Results. We propose three main groups to describe the observed variety in pulsating A-F type stars: gamma Dor, delta Sct, and hybrid stars. We assign 63% of our sample to one of the three groups, and identify the remaining part as rotationally modulated/active stars, binaries, stars of different spectral type, or stars that show no clear periodic variability. 23% of the stars (171 stars) are hybrid stars, which is a much higher fraction than what has been observed before. We characterize for the first time a large number of A-F type stars (475 stars) in terms of number of detected frequencies, frequency range, and typical pulsation amplitudes. The majority of hybrid stars show frequencies with all kinds of periodicities within the gamma Dor and delta Sct range, also between 5 and 10 d(-1), which is a challenge for the current models. We find indications for the existence of delta Sct and gamma Dor stars beyond the edges of the current observational instability strips. The hybrid stars occupy the entire region within the delta Sct and gamma Dor instability strips and beyond. Non-variable stars seem to exist within the instability strips. The location of gamma Dor and delta Sct classes in the (T-eff, log g)-diagram has been extended. We investigate two newly constructed variables, >efficiency> and >energy>, as a means to explore the relation between gamma Dor and delta Sct stars. Conclusions. Our results suggest a revision of the current observational instability strips of delta Sct and gamma Dor stars and imply an investigation of pulsation mechanisms to supplement the kappa mechanism and convective blocking effect to drive hybrid pulsations. Accurate physical parameters for all stars are needed to confirm these findings.Item The Lick-Carnegie Exoplanet Survey: Gliese 687 B-A Neptune-Mass Planet Orbiting A Nearby Red Dwarf(2014-07) Burt, Jennifer; Vogt, Steven S.; Butler, R. Paul; Hanson, Russell; Meschiari, Stefano; Rivera, Eugenio J.; Henry, Gregory W.; Laughlin, Gregory; Meschiari, StefanoPrecision radial velocities from the Automated Planet Finder (APF) and Keck/HIRES reveal an M sin(i) = 18 +/- 2M(circle plus) planet orbiting the nearby M3V star GJ 687. This planet has an orbital period P = 38.14 days and a low orbital eccentricity. Our Stromgren b and y photometry of the host star suggests a stellar rotation signature with a period of P = 60 days. The star is somewhat chromospherically active, with a spot filling factor estimated to be several percent. The rotationally induced 60 day signal, however, is well separated from the period of the radial velocity variations, instilling confidence in the interpretation of a Keplerian origin for the observed velocity variations. Although GJ 687 b produces relatively little specific interest in connection with its individual properties, a compelling case can be argued that it is worthy of remark as an eminently typical, yet at a distance of 4.52 pc, a very nearby representative of the galactic planetary census. The detection of GJ 687 b indicates that the APF telescope is well suited to the discovery of low-mass planets orbiting low-mass stars in the as yet relatively un-surveyed region of the sky near the north celestial pole.