Browsing by Subject "perception"
Now showing 1 - 10 of 10
- Results Per Page
- Sort Options
Item Backward And Simultaneous Masking Measured In Children With Language-Learning Impairments Who Received Intervention With Fast Forword Or Laureate Learning Systems Software(2001-08) Marler, Jeffrey A.; Champlin, Craig A.; Gillam, Ronald B.; Marler, Jeffrey A.; Champlin, Craig A.; Gillam, Ronald B.The developers of a computer-assisted language intervention program called Fast ForWord (FFW) have claimed that their software changes temporal processing abilities as a result of specialized modifications to the acoustic and temporal properties of the speech signal within the program. This pilot study compared changes in auditory temporal processing in children who received FFW training and in children who received training with computer-assisted language intervention programs that were not designed to improve auditory perceptual skills. Four boys with Language-Learning Impairments (LLI) and 3 boys with typical language participated. Two of the boys with LLI received the FFW program, and the other 2 received a bundle of computer-assisted instruction (CAI) programs published by Laureate Language Systems (LLS). The FFW and LLS programs were presented on the same schedule. To assess temporal processing, signal thresholds in backward and simultaneous masking conditions were evaluated just before, during, and immediately after language training. The boys with typically developing language received no training. Children with typical language produced signal thresholds in the backward masking condition that were markedly lower than those in the simultaneous masking condition. This disparity is indicative of normal temporal processing. Conversely, 3 of 4 children with LLI failed to demonstrate a simultaneous-backward difference during baseline. The lack of a difference implies that temporal processing was not normal in these children. The fourth child with LLI had signal thresholds that paralleled those of the children with normal language development. This child also had the mildest form of LLI. Of the 3 children whose temporal processing was abnormal, 2 boys showed decreased signal thresholds in the backward masking condition. However, the improvement was sudden, occurring relatively early in the training sequence, and observed with both treatment programs. The third child with abnormal temporal processing failed to show a change in backward masking at any time during treatment. Over the course of the experiment, signal thresholds for all listeners decreased by similar amounts in both backward and simultaneous masking. Taken together, these results do not support the presence of a program-specific improvement in temporal processing. In addition to the temporal processing deficits revealed by backward masking, group differences in response patterns implicate auditory memory involvement or differences in maintaining attention.Item Challenging Perceptions: Exploring the Relationship between ELL students and writing centers(2017) Cheatle, JosephIn an attempt to create more meaningful and effective assessment, the Howe Writing Center at Miami University implemented a new post-consultation/exit survey. During the course of the Fall 2012 semester, over 800 students responded to the post-consultation survey. Writing center theory has documented the limitations of the post-consultation survey; however, this type of feedback still represents the best and most accessible way to assess and expand the knowledge of writing centers. This assessment project provided important feedback concerning the writing center at Miami University about student demographics that use the writing center, including academic year and classes students wanted to work on. The assessment project also contributes to writing center theory and discourse by providing a different narrative for non-native English speaking students and native English speaking students that use the writing center. The assessment challenges the view that writing from non-native English speaking students is only concerned with so-called "lower order" writing issues and writing from native English speaking students is primarily concerned with so-called "higher order" writing issues. Instead, it was found that non-native English speaking students are interested in working on many "higher order" concerns and were very similar, after sentence-level concerns, in their writing needs to native English speaking students.Item The Impact of Environment on the Perception of Art(2020-05) Jones, Caroline A.When we see a work of art, no matter the environmental setting, we have some sort of reaction to the piece. An analysis of some of the art housed in museums in New York City, Paris, and Rome, this thesis outlines some examples of different environmental factors affecting a viewer’s perception of that specific visual representation. The surrounding works, the accompanying wall texts and labels, as well as the structure of the building or specific room that houses the work, affects how a viewer might perceive it. Similar works offer different experiences when displayed in different places, such as Monet’s Water Lilies in MoMA and in the Musée de l’Orangerie. Other art pieces gain significance because of the harmony or contrast that they create with their surroundings--whether it be other paintings, as in the Frick Collection, or large machinery, as in the case of the Centrale Montemartini in Rome.Item Looking Ahead: An Introduction To Five Exploratory Studies Of Fast Forword(2001-08) Friel-Patti, Sandy; Loeb, Diane F.; Gillam, Ronald B.; Gillam, Ronald B.In this paper, we provide an introductory overview of a novel approach to language intervention called Fast ForWord (FFW), developed by the Scientific Learning Corporation. More than 20,000 children have received FFW intervention, and many researchers, clinicians, educators, and parents are asking questions about the effectiveness of FFW. To date, there are few evaluations of the treatment other than those that have been published by the developers of the FFW program. This introductory paper will discuss the underlying hypotheses associated with FFW, the components of FFW, and the few studies that have been published regarding the efficacy of FFW. A clinical outcome model based on the work of R. R. Robey and M. C. Schultz (1998) is proposed as a way of understanding the contributions and limitations of previous intervention studies on FFW and as well as those presented in this issue. We end with a look at the questions that need to be asked by researchers and clinicians who are interested in FFW.Item Manifestations of Personality in Online Social Networks: Self-Reported Facebook-Related Behaviors and Observable Profile Information(2011-09) Gosling, Samuel D.; Augustine, Adam A.; Vazire, Simine; Holtzman, Nicholas; Gaddis, Sam; Gosling, Samuel D.; Gaddis, SamDespite the enormous popularity of Online Social Networking sites (OSNs; e.g., Facebook and Myspace), little research in psychology has been done on them. Two studies examining how personality is reflected in OSNs revealed several connections between the Big Five personality traits and self-reported Facebook-related behaviors and observable profile information. For example, extraversion predicted not only frequency of Facebook usage (Study 1), but also engagement in the site, with extraverts (vs. introverts) showing traces of higher levels of Facebook activity (Study 2). As in offline contexts, extraverts seek out virtual social engagement, which leaves behind a behavioral residue in the form of friends lists and picture postings. Results suggest that, rather than escaping from or compensating for their offline personality, OSN users appear to extend their offline personalities into the domains of OSNs.Item Masking Release And Modulation Interference In Cochlear Implant And Simulation Listeners(2013-06) Jin, Su-Hyun; Nie, Yingjiu; Nelson, Peggy; Jin, Su-HyunPurpose: To examine the effects of temporal and spectral interference of masking noise on sentence recognition for listeners with cochlear implants (CI) and normal-hearing persons listening to vocoded signals that simulate signals processed through a CI (NH-Sim). Method: NH-Sim and CI listeners participated in the experiments using speech and noise that were processed by bandpass filters. Depending on the experimental condition, the spectra of the maskers relative to that of speech were set to be completely embedded with, partially overlapping, or completely separate from, the speech. The maskers were either steady or amplitude modulated and were presented at +10 dB signal-to-noise ratio. Results: NH-Sim listeners experienced progressively more masking as the masker became more spectrally overlapping with speech, whereas CI listeners experienced masking even when the masker was spectrally remote from the speech signal. Both the NH-Sim and CI listeners experienced significant modulation interference when noise was modulated at a syllabic rate (4 Hz), suggesting that listeners may experience both modulation interference and masking release. Thus, modulated noise has mixed and counteracting effects on speech perception. Conclusion: When the NH-Sim and CI listeners with poor spectral resolution were tested using syllabic-like rates of modulated noise, they tended to integrate or confuse the noise with the speech, causing an increase in speech errors. Optional training programs might be useful for CI listeners who show more difficulty understanding speech in noise.Item Methodical Design of a 3D-Printable Orthosis for the Left Hand to Support Double Bass Perceptional Training(University of Texas at Austin, 2019) Borstell, D.; Walker, N.; Kurz, S.The evolution of Additive Manufacturing (AM) in the past decades has opened up its use to a wide range of new applications where conventional manufacturing methods dominated. Orthoses are medical devices, mostly used on legs or arms after injuries or surgery. Amongst other functions, they limit the possible movement of limbs or joints to prevent excessive movements or loads during remobilization. Their manufacturing process is predominantly manual and conventional using e.g. plaster casts and materials like foam, wood and textiles. Playing the acoustic double bass requires precise positioning of the left hand fingers on the fingerboard. Perception of the finger spacing is very important for good intonation. Different educational approaches have therefore been made to kinesthetic and perceptional training. Miniaturization and low forces allow applying additive manufacturing technology to a previously conventional device leading to a new approach to design a perceptional training device for the left hand: an individually shaped orthosis, which is lightweight, low cost, and adjustable and which can be worn during instrument practice.Item Phonological Priming In Young Children Who Stutter: Holistic Versus Incremental Processing(2007-02) Byrd, Courtney T.; Conture, Edward G.; Ohde, Ralph N.; Byrd, Courtney T.Purpose: To investigate the holistic versus incremental phonological encoding processes of young children who stutter (CWS; N = 26) and age- and gender-matched children who do not stutter (CWNS; N = 26) via a picture-naming auditory priming paradigm. Method: Children named pictures during 3 auditory priming conditions: neutral, holistic, and incremental. Speech reaction time (SRT) was measured from the onset of picture presentation to the onset of participant response. Results: CWNS shifted from being significantly faster in the holistic priming condition to being significantly faster in the incremental priming condition from 3 to 5 years of age. In contrast, the majority of 3- and 5-year-old CWS continued to exhibit faster SRT in the holistic than the incremental condition. Conclusion: CWS are delayed in making the developmental shift in phonological encoding from holistic to incremental processing, a delay that may contribute to their difficulties establishing fluent speech.Item Reality Check: On Bentham's Preclusion of Reality's Effect on the Value of Experience(2023-11-06) Holloway, Anna GraceThis paper seeks to disprove Bentham’s claim that the value of experience equals the pleasure derived from it. A few intuitive examples demonstrate the added value of reality, which is independent of perception, to critique Bentham’s utilitarianism.Item Understanding and addressing perceptual challenges for adult Vietnamese-speaking ESL students(2009-08) Lauzon, Anna Cecile; McGregor, Lin A.; Schallert, Diane L.Pronunciation instruction in the English as a Second Language (ESL) classroom often focuses exclusively on production and fails to address students’ perception problems. This report attempts to explain why L2 learners struggle to perceive and produce segments accurately in their L2 and what can be done to help L2 learners overcome these problems. Accordingly, the report explores how L1 experience and segmental differences between Vietnamese and English contribute to these English language learners’ perception and production problems. The report also considers instructional methods that can be used to help ESL learners overcome their perception and production challenges and recommends several approaches for addressing segments that are often difficult for Vietnamese learners.