Browsing by Subject "inflation"

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Money and Capital in Economic Development, by Ronald I. McKinnon
(American Political Science Review, 1974) Rostow, W. W.
Perturbations in the cosmic microwave background caused by excited quantum states and connection to observation
(2013-05) Malnar, Jason; Paban, Sonia
I studied the effect of excited state initial conditions on the inflationary perturbation wavefunction and the possible effects they have on the observed spectrum of primoridal fluctuations. A de Sitter Universe approximation was used with a quantum harmonic oscillator model for the initial conditions in the Schrodinger picture. It was found that the power spectrum of any excited state only changes by a scalar multiple. This tells us the amplitude of the fluctuations are different for each corresponding state, which causes an observable change in the power spectrum. For the super-horizon modes of the fluctuations resulting from the process of inflation, a spectral index of ns = 1 was found.
Simple Foreground Cleaning Algorithm For Detecting Primordial B-Mode Polarization Of The Cosmic Microwave Background
(2011-08) Katayama, Nobuhiko; Komatsu, Eiichiro; Komatsu, Eiichiro
We reconsider the pixel-based, "template" polarized foreground removal method within the context of a next-generation, low-noise, low-resolution (0 degrees.5 FWHM) space-borne experiment measuring the cosmological B-mode polarization signal in the cosmic microwave background (CMB). This method was first applied to polarized data by the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) team and further studied by Efstathiou et al. We need at least three frequency channels: one is used for extracting the CMB signal, whereas the other two are used to estimate the spatial distribution of the polarized dust and synchrotron emission. No extra data from non-CMB experiments or models are used. We extract the tensor-to-scalar ratio (r) from simulated sky maps outside the standard polarization mask (P06) of WMAP consisting of CMB, noise (2 mu K arcmin), and a foreground model, and find that, even for the simplest three-frequency configuration with 60, 100, and 240 GHz, the residual bias in r is as small as Delta r approximate to 0.002. This bias is dominated by the residual synchrotron emission due to spatial variations of the synchrotron spectral index. With an extended mask with f(sky) = 0.5, the bias is reduced further down to <0.001.
What Does Cosmology Tell Us About Particle Physics Beyond The Standard Model?
(2012-03) Komatsu, E.; Komatsu, Eiichiro
Cosmology demands particle physics beyond the Standard Model: we need to explain the nature of dark matter and dark energy, and the physics of cosmic inflation. Cosmology also provides the tightest upper bound on the sum of neutrino masses, and it seems only a matter of time before we measure the absolute mass of neutrinos, unveiling the neutrino mass hierarchy. It also provides a measurement of the number of relativistic species at the photon decoupling epoch (at which the temperature of the universe is 3000 K). Astronomy and Astrophysics Decadal Survey conducted by USA's National Academy of Sciences has identified these four topics (dark matter, dark energy, inflation and neutrinos) as the most important subjects to study in cosmology over the next decade. In this contribution, we review the current status on these topics, in light of the recent cosmological constraints.