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Item Distinct morphologies of fusion and closure of the choroid fissure(2017) Anderson, Mitch; Agarwala, SeemaColoboma is a disorder characterized by the lack of fusion of the embryonic choroid fissure, a transient cleft along the ventral midline of the eye. Traditionally, work in this field has treated the appearance of continuous tissue along the ventral midline as a fused eye. We report that along the proximodistal axis of the chick and the mouse eye, there are different morphologies accounting for this ventrally continuous tissue. We show that the eye has to modes of achieving ventral continuity: closure, involving a ventrally continuous tissue because of the intercalation of the optic nerve between the choroid fissure folds, and fusion, involving the fusion of the basement membranes of the fissure margins and/or the fusion of the margins themselves. We demonstrate that the chick exhibits this closure morphology proximally, fused basement membranes medially and unfused margins because of the intercalated pecten, and fused margins distally. We show that for most of the mouse eye, the ventral midline is fused, except at the optic disc, where optic nerve intercalation yields a closed eye. Thus, choroid fissure closure results in different morphologies that are species-dependent and that vary along the axis of a single eye.Item Expanded Progenitor Populations, Vitreo-Retinal Abnormalities, and Muller Glial Reactivity in the Zebrafish Leprechaun/Patched2 Retina(2009-10) Bibliowicz, Jonathan; Gross, Jeffrey M.; Bibliowicz, Jonathan; Gross, Jeffrey M.The roles of the Hedgehog (Hh) pathway in controlling vertebrate retinal development have been studied extensively; however, species-and context-dependent findings have provided differing conclusions. Hh signaling has been shown to control both population size and cell cycle kinetics of proliferating retinal progenitors, and to modulate differentiation within the retina by regulating the timing of cell cycle exit. While cell cycle exit has in turn been shown to control cell fate decisions within the retina, a direct role for the Hh pathway in retinal cell fate decisions has yet to be established in vivo. Results: To gain further insight into Hh pathway function in the retina, we have analyzed retinal development in leprechaun/patched2 mutant zebrafish. While lep/ptc2 mutants possessed more cells in their retinas, all cell types, except for Muller glia, were present at identical ratios as those observed in wild-type siblings. lep/ptc2 mutants possessed a localized upregulation of GFAP, a marker for 'reactive' glia, as well as morphological abnormalities at the vitreo-retinal interface, where Muller glial endfeet terminate. In addition, analysis of the over-proliferation phenotype at the ciliary marginal zone (CMZ) revealed that the number of proliferating progenitors, but not the rate of proliferation, was increased in lep/ptc2 mutants. Conclusion: Our results indicate that Patched2-dependent Hh signaling does not likely play an integral role in neuronal cell fate decisions in the zebrafish retina. ptc2 deficiency in zebrafish results in defects at the vitreo-retinal interface and Muller glial reactivity. These phenotypes are similar to the ocular abnormalities observed in human patients suffering from Basal Cell Naevus Syndrome (BCNS), a disorder that has been linked to mutations in the human PTCH gene (the orthologue of the zebrafish ptc2), and point to the utility of the lep/ptc2 mutant line as a model for the study of BCNS-related ocular pathologies. Our findings regarding CMZ progenitor proliferation suggest that, in the zebrafish retina, Hh pathway activity may not affect cell cycle kinetics; rather, it likely regulates the size of the retinal progenitor pool in the CMZ.Item Water Quality Sampling Data(City of Austin, 2012) City of Austin