Browsing by Subject "delay-time distribution"
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Item On The Rates Of Type Ia Supernovae In Dwarf And Giant Hosts With ROTSE-IIIb(2012-12) Quimby, Robert M.; Yuan, Fang; Akerlof, Carl; Wheeler, J. Craig; Warren, Michael S.; Wheeler, J. CraigWe present a sample of 23 spectroscopically confirmed Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) that were discovered in the background of galaxy clusters targeted by ROTSE-IIIb and use up to 18 of these to determine the local ((z) over bar = 0.05) volumetric rate. Since our survey is flux limited and thus biased against fainter objects, the pseudo-absolute magnitude distribution (pAMD) of SNe Ia in a given volume is an important concern, especially the relative frequency of high-to low-luminosity SNe Ia. We find that the pAMD derived from the volume-limited Lick Observatory Supernova Search (LOSS) sample is incompatible with the distribution of SNe Ia in a volume-limited (z < 0.12) sub-sample of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey II (SDSS-II). The LOSS sample requires far more low-luminosity SNe Ia than the SDSS-II can accommodate. Even though LOSS and SDSS-II have sampled different SNe Ia populations, their volumetric rates are surprisingly similar. Using the same model pAMD adopted in the SDSS-II SNe Ia rate calculation and excluding two high-luminosity SNe Ia from our sample, we derive a rate that is marginally higher than previous low-redshift determinations. With our full sample and the LOSS pAMD, our rate is more than double the canonical value. We also find that 5 of our 18 SNe Ia are hosted by very low luminosity (M-B > -16) galaxies, whereas only 1 out of 79 nearby SDSS-II SNe Ia have such faint hosts. It is possible that previous works have undercounted either low-luminosity SNe Ia, SNe Ia in low-luminosity hosts, or peculiar SNe Ia (sometimes explicitly), and the total SNe Ia rate may be higher than the canonical value.Item Single-Degenerate Type Ia Supernovae Are Preferentially Overluminous(2015-06) Fisher, Robert; Jumper, Kevin; Jumper, KevinRecent observational and theoretical progress has favored merging and helium-accreting sub-Chandrasekhar mass white dwarfs (WDs) in the double-degenerate and the double-detonation channels, respectively, as the most promising progenitors of normal Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia). Thus the fate of rapidly accreting Chandrasekhar mass WDs in the single-degenerate channel remains more mysterious then ever. In this paper, we clarify the nature of ignition in Chandrasekhar-mass single-degenerate SNe Ia by analytically deriving the existence of a characteristic length scale which establishes a transition from central ignitions to buoyancy-driven ignitions. Using this criterion, combined with data from three-dimensional simulations of convection and ignition, we demonstrate that the overwhelming majority of ignition events within Chandrasekhar-mass WDs in the single-degenerate channel are buoyancy-driven, and consequently lack a vigorous deflagration phase. We thus infer that single-degenerate SNe Ia are generally expected to lead to overluminous 1991T-like SNe Ia events. We establish that the rates predicted from both the population of supersoft X-ray sources (SSSs) and binary population synthesis models of the single-degenerate channel are broadly consistent with the observed rates of overluminous SNe Ia, and suggest that the population of SSSs are the dominant stellar progenitors of SNe 1991T-like events. We further demonstrate that the single-degenerate channel contribution to the normal and failed 2002cx-like rates is not likely to exceed 1% of the total SNe Ia rate. We conclude with a range of observational tests of overluminous SNe Ia which will either support or strongly constrain the single-degenerate scenario.Item Type Ia Supernova Rate Measurements To Redshift 2.5 From CANDELS: Searching For Prompt Explosions In The Early Universe(2014-07) Rodney, Steven A.; Riess, Adam G.; Strolger, Louis-Gregory; Dahlen, Tomas; Graur, Or; Casertano, Stefano; Dickinson, Mark E.; Ferguson, Henry C.; Garnavich, Peter; Hayden, Brian; Jha, Saurabh W.; Jones, David O.; Kirshner, Robert P.; Koekemoer, Anton M.; McCully, Curtis; Mobasher, Bahram; Patel, Brandon; Weiner, Benjamin J.; Cenko, S. Bradley; Clubb, Kelsey I.; Cooper, Michael; Filippenko, Alexei V.; Frederiksen, Teddy F.; Hjorth, Jens; Leibundgut, Bruno; Matheson, Thomas; Nayyeri, Hooshang; Penner, Kyle; Trump, Jonathan; Silverman, Jeffrey M.; U, Vivian; Bostroem, K. Azalee; Rajan, Abhijith; Wolff, Schuyler; Faber, S. M.; Grogin, Norman A.; Kocevski, Dale; Challis, Peter; Silverman, Jeffrey M.dThe Cosmic Assembly Near-infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey (CANDELS) was a multi-cycle treasury program on the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) that surveyed a total area of -0.25 deg2 with -900 HST orbits spread across five fields over three years. Within these survey images we discovered 65 supernovae (SNe) of all types, out to z 2.5. We classify -24 of these as Type Ia SNe (SNe Ia) based on host galaxy redshifts and SN photometry (supplemented by grism spectroscopy of six SNe). Here we present a measurement of the volumetric SN Ia rate as a function of redshift, reaching for the first time beyond z =- 2 and putting new constraints on SN Ia progenitor models. Our highest redshift bin includes detections of SNe that exploded when the universe was only -3 Gyr old and near the peak of the cosmic star formation history. This gives the CANDELS high redshift sample unique leverage for evaluating the fraction of SNe Ia that explode promptly after formation (<500 Myr). Combining the CANDELS rates with all available SN Ia rate measurements in the literature we find that this prompt SN Ia fraction is fp = 0.53st=sg.Zc6', consistent with a delay time distribution that follows a simple t-1 power law for all times t > 40 Myr. However, mild tension is apparent between ground-based low-z surveys and space-based high-z surveys. In both CANDELS and the sister HST program CLASH (Cluster Lensing And Supernova Survey with Hubble), we find a low rate of SNe Ia at z > 1. This could be a hint that prompt progenitors are in fact relatively rare, accounting for only 20% of all SN Ia explosions-though further analysis and larger samples will be needed to examine that suggestion. Key words: infrared: general - supernovae:Item Type-Ia Supernova Rates To Redshift 2.4 From CLASH: The Cluster Lensing And Supernova Survey With Hubble(2014-03) Graur, O.; Rodney, S. A.; Maoz, D.; Riess, Adam G.; Jha, Saurabh W.; Postman, M.; Dahlen, Tomas; Holoien, T. W. S.; McCully, C.; Patel, B.; Strolger, L. G.; Benitez, N.; Coe, D.; Jouvel, S.; Medezinski, E.; Molino, A.; Nonino, M.; Bradley, L.; Koekemoer, A.; Balestra, I.; Cenko, S. Bradley; Clubb, K. I.; Dickinson, Mark E.; Filippenko, Alexei V.; Frederiksen, T. F.; Garnavich, Peter; Hjorth, J.; Jones, D. O.; Leibundgut, B.; Matheson, T.; Mobasher, Bahram; Rosati, P.; Silverman, Jeffrey M.; U, V.; Jedruszczuk, K.; Li, C.; Lin, K.; Mirmelstein, M.; Neustadt, J.; Ovadia, A.; Rogers, E. H.; Silverman, Jeffrey M.We present the supernova (SN) sample and Type-Ia SN (SN Ia) rates from the Cluster Lensing And Supernova survey with Hubble (CLASH). Using the Advanced Camera for Surveys and the Wide Field Camera 3 on the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), we have imaged 25 galaxy-cluster fields and parallel fields of non-cluster galaxies. We report a sample of 27 SNe discovered in the parallel fields. Of these SNe, similar to 13 are classified as SN Ia candidates, including four SN Ia candidates at redshifts z > 1.2. We measure volumetric SN Ia rates to redshift 1.8 and add the first upper limit on the SN Ia rate in the range 1.8 < z < 2.4. The results are consistent with the rates measured by the HST/GOODS and Subaru Deep Field SN surveys. We model these results together with previous measurements at z < 1 from the literature. The best-fitting SN Ia delay-time distribution (DTD; the distribution of times that elapse between a short burst of star formation and subsequent SN Ia explosions) is a power law with an index of -1.00(-0.06(0.10))(+0.06(0.09)) (statistical)(-0.08)(+0.12) (systematic), where the statistical uncertainty is a result of the 68% and 95% (in parentheses) statistical uncertainties reported for the various SN Ia rates (from this work and from the literature), and the systematic uncertainty reflects the range of possible cosmic star-formation histories. We also test DTD models produced by an assortment of published binary population synthesis (BPS) simulations. The shapes of all BPS double-degenerate DTDs are consistent with the volumetric SN Ia measurements, when the DTD models are scaled up by factors of 3-9. In contrast, all BPS single-degenerate DTDs are ruled out by the measurements at >99% significance level.