Browsing by Subject "World Bank"
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Item Disaster capitalism : tsunami reconstruction and neoliberalism in Nagapattinam, South India(2011-05) Swamy, Raja Harish; Hale, Charles R., 1957-; Ali, Kamran; Brow, James; Ghosh, Kaushik; Bavinck, MaartenThis dissertation examines the impacts of the tsunami of 2004 on economic development priorities in Nagapattinam, South India. By focusing on the manner in which the disaster was cast as an opportunity by the state and multilateral agencies, the unprecedented scale and ambiguous character of involvement by NGOs in reconstruction, and the distinction drawn between economic development and humanitarian aid in the constitution of a reconstruction agenda predicated on the relocation of artisanal fisher communities from the coast, this study demonstrates how post-disaster outcomes are increasingly being shaped by priorities tied to neoliberal globalization. At the same time the processes that unfold are also characterized by significant complexities particularly on account of efforts by affected populations to deploy various strategies to defend their interests, and substantive differences in the approach of NGOs.Item Humanizing foreign assistance : attitudes toward and contact with the World Bank(2019-02-06) Mirabitur, Erica; Wellhausen, Rachel L.How do recipients of foreign assistance regard what they receive? Although assistance provides presumably life-saving or life-improving goods and services, it also entails unsavory dynamics that can frustrate the relationship between donors and recipients. I theorize that contact with foreign-assistance workers -- i.e., people who design or deliver foreign assistance -- can improve the relationship between donor and client. Buttressed by intergroup-contact and infrahumanization theories, I posit this improvement stems from a humanizing effect. The contact transforms what was an abstract bureaucracy into a concrete, embodied, personal experience. I examine the implications of this theory in the context of the World Bank, using individual-level survey data from the organization's 2012-2016 Country Opinion Survey (COS) Program and from the 2002-2003 Afrobarometer series. I find a positive relationship between contact with and attitudes toward the World Bank in the COS data and between membership in a community-development association (to proxy for contact) and attitudes toward the World Bank in the Afrobarometer data. Broadly, this paper is an exploration of the quotidian, routine operations and their effects on the legitimacy and impact of foreign assistance.Item Mind the gaps : studying the absence of indigenous policies in major INGOs(2013-05) Kalmbach, Amy Booth; Weaver, Catherine, 1971-Indigenous peoples are garnering more focus on the world stage, and as such it is critical to understand their role in development. Indigenous peoples are especially impoverished, and often face institutionalized discrimination by their governments and other forces. This repression, limited access to services, and resource predation endanger indigenous peoples’ lives and livelihoods. I attempted to identify indigenous peoples’ policies in seven major development international non-governmental organizations, and after finding none upon document research and staff interviews, propose theories for why this could be the case. I compare international non-governmental organizations’ lack of policies to the presence of policies in international organizations. The difference between these two types of organizations formed the base of my theories, which were based primarily around the organizational structure and the different types of pressure and expectations that they face. I argue, though, that international non-governmental organizations should have indigenous peoples’ policies for several reasons including the improvement seen in international organizations’ treatment of indigenous peoples and the importance of accountability and transparency in the development process. The Report finishes by suggesting avenues to test the theories proposed, and plans for indigenous advocates.Item The hungry harvest : philanthropic science and the making of South Asia's Green Revolution, 1919–1964(2017-05-08) Loveridge, Jack David; Levine, Philippa; Guha, Sumit; Chatterjee, Indrani; Nally, David; Amrith, SunilThis dissertation examines how international development agencies and American philanthropic organization collaborated with the new Indian and Pakistani states in undertaking unprecedented interventions in the agricultural and nutritional sciences after Partition in 1947 and into the early years of the Cold War. Contrasting with existing scholarship on the changes that swept the world food economy in the mid-twentieth century, my work uncovers the linkages between late colonial and post-independence understandings of famine, population growth, and economic development in South Asia. I propose a broader framing of the Green Revolution of the 1960s, examining the resonance of eugenic theories within population control efforts and tensions between the nutritional and agricultural sciences through decolonization. To that end, I track the influence of the Rockefeller and Ford foundations, the Population Council, and UN agencies, such as the WHO and the FAO, in inaugurating programs of rural development, nutritional research, and resource management. I argue that efforts led by Indian nationalists, British colonial officials, and American philanthropists in the context of the global population 'crisis' of the 1940s and 1950s generated scientific institutions, networks, and ideas vital to the later Green Revolution.