Browsing by Subject "Wastewater reclamation"
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Item Hybrid UASB approach to winery wastewater treatment(2007-12) Chang, Marcus Sek-tim, 1983-; Malina, Jospeh F., 1935-A synthetic winery wastewater was used to study the startup, and performance of anaerobic hybrid reactors which incorporate a combination of an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor (UASB) and ea packed bed reactor (PBR). Monitored parameters included pH, COD, alkalinity, suspended solids, gas production and methane content of the gas. Three hybrid reactors were started separately at 35°C and initial influent COD concentrations between 5kg/m³ and 6kg/m³. Startup of the hybrid reactors required a gradual increase of organic loading rate (OLR) from a low of 0.66 kgCOD/m³d up to 3.5 kgCOD/m³d over a 50 day period following startup. Throughout the startup and at quasi - steady – state conditions, COD removal efficiency was maintained well above 80% and peak methane yield was 0.24 m³/kg.d. Biogas production was highly sensitive to organic loading rate and pH fluctuations. High substrate removal efficiencies indicate that the reactors operated under substrate limiting conditions until the organic loading rate was increased to 3.5 kgCOD/m³d. pH in the reactors was controlled with alkalinity addition and influent pH had minimum effect on the pH of the reactor effluent. The hybrid reactor did not achieve effluent COD goals of less than 50 mg/L required for the treated effluent wastewater to be reclaimed for drip and spray irrigation. Therefore an aerobic reactor would be required for further polishing of the effluent wastewater from the anaerobic reactors.Item Methods comparison and spatial analysis of field parameter quantification of unsaturated flow at an existing wastewater infiltration system : Mines Park, Golden, Colorado(2006) Bailey, Danielle Margueritte; McCray, John E.; Long, Leon E., 1933-Subsurface water reclamation systems (SWRS) in mountain watersheds commonly experience issues of water sustainability, and are generally designed through judgment and experience rather than through rigorous quantitative methods. I have made a detailed vadose-zone characterization of several saturated and unsaturated flow parameters in an excavated trench representative of the size of a typical domestic drainage field at a wastewater reclamation test site (WRTS) at Mines Park, Golden, CO with the objective to improve the pre-design techniques associated with SWRS. Most wastewater infiltration is an unsaturated water flow process; therefore, measurement of soil-hydraulic parameters, especially saturated and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat and Kunsat), is required. Toward this end, I compared the consistency of estimating or measuring Ksat and Kunsat through field, laboratory, and empirical methods. Field data collection included Guelph Permeameter and Tension-disc Infiltrometer measurements in the excavated trench, and Slug Test measurements at nearby monitoring wells. Representative soil samples were collected for in-lab experimentation at the UT Bureau of Economic Geology, including the van Genuchten-Mualem transformations of capillary-pressure curves determined from hanging-column measurements. Additional estimates of Ksat and Kunsat were determined through nine empirical functions and the Rosetta neural network found within Hydrus-1D software. Spatial variations in Ksat and Kunsat determined from the various methods are illustrated by curves that plot Ksat or Kunsat according to location. Statistical analyses demonstrate such a large degree of spatial variability that no single measurement adequately represents the values of these parameters, whether along the excavated trench or between the upper and lower tiers of the trench. The following main conclusions are offered: (1) spatial variations in Ksat and Kunsat occur along a trench and with depth, in which Kunsat exhibits much larger variability with depth than does Ksat; (2) of the empirical functions, results of the Hazen (1893), Harleman et al. (1963), and Beyer (1964) methods compare most favorably to both field methods (Guelph Permeameter, Tension-disc Infiltrometer), providing data that agree with the field-measured values within a factor of two; (3) the Guelph Permeameter field method is the least time consuming and less complicated, but the most arduous to conduct of all field methods; (4) Rosetta estimates with either sand/silt/clay input or soil classification input data provide Kunsat values most similar to the Hanging Column values using the van Genuchten-Mualem relationship; and (5) a single measurement did not appear to represent the hydraulic properties of an entire area occupied by a typical wastewater infiltration trench. I found variation both horizontally along the length of each tier and vertically between Tier 1 (2 feet below ground surface) and Tier 2 (4 feet bgs). This research advances the use of rigorous quantitative measurements and methods in understanding the design of SWRS