Browsing by Subject "Time"
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Item A chronotopic guide to the galaxy : reading spatiotemporal aspects in Golden Age French science fiction(2022-05-09) Blatz, Andrea Marie; Picherit, Hervé G.; Wettlaufer, Alexandra; Grumberg, Karen; Wilkinson, LynnMy dissertation makes two arguments about Golden Age French science fiction. First, these texts represent the world of the author. Second, the genre of science fiction depicts the world differently than other genres. Thus, my analysis is focused around three strands of inquiry: historical context, genre, and spatiotemporal elements. Linking these three threads is Mikhail Bakhtin’s notion of the chronotope. A chronotopic analysis looks at how different spatiotemporal aspects in a text relate to and interact with one other, building an entirely new world within each text. Furthermore, this type of analysis also encourages the reader to look for similarities between their world and the world represented in the text. While Bakhtin and many other scholars focus on one aspect of the chronotope—that is, either time or space—I instead look at them in relation to each other, to see how they impact and are impacted by the other. Because SF is not confined to representing real spaces and times in a realistic manner, it pushes its readers to extrapolate, thereby eliciting a stronger form of engagement than familiar situations. The connection to science and the realm of the possible is unique to SF; other genres do not necessarily expect the reader to question why things happen. While SF can be mimetic or non-mimetic, most other genres base their settings in real locations and times, assuming the reader will automatically, even unconsciously, connect the text to the real world. Keeping in mind that SF is, like any other text, a portrayal, SF representations nevertheless depict actions that could, in the world of the text, be tested. Put differently, works of SF have a form of materialism that functions to create a reality effect. Employing a spatiotemporal analysis, I demonstrate how authors of six representative works of early French science fiction deploy conceptual spaces to depict a variety of contemporary issues, such as the environment, fascism, colonialism, and human identity. In each chapter, I focus on how a set of two texts depicts a certain type of space and time to see how each text reflects aspects of the author’s society. Throughout these chapters, I return to the notion that SF represents the world differently than other genres. It draws on aspects of the reader’s world and shifts them just enough to affect the reader’s awareness of similarities between their world and the represented world.Item A temporal perspective on flexible careers : reconciling multiple perspectives, levels of analysis, and time scales(2017-12) Davis, Tasha Ford; Ballard, Dawna I.; Barbour, Joshua; McGlone, Matthew; Adams, PaulOrganizational scholars have given considerable attention to changing patterns of work and careers. A globalized economy and technological advances have created fast-paced work environments that are no longer supported by traditional organizational structures. The nature of the employee-employer relationship has also changed in many organizations with employees relying less on employers for stability and permanence, and employers shifting the responsibility for career planning and professional development to the employee. Individuals are also free to behave as active agents in creating innovative work-based practices that allow them to fulfill personal demands and commitments. These issues have opened the door for flexible work designs and arrangements. This dissertation explores the need and desire for flexibility among the qualified workforce, the negotiation strategies organizational members use to enact flexibility, and their attempts to extend work based flexibility across the lifespan. A five-month qualitative study is presented that considers the temporal nature of these changes, the varying time scales implicated in a range of flexible work practices and norms, and the various levels at which temporal flexibility is shaped. Findings support a perception of organizational flexibility as a temporal resource, and changing perceptions for employees working both within and outside of formal organizational policies. Results also demonstrate shifts in career behaviors as individuals actively engage in enacting flexibility across the lifespan. The temporal approach taken in this study contributes to our understanding of organizational flexibility by clarifying and disentangling theoretical concepts to more accurately explain the experiences of individuals in the contemporary organizational environment.Item Cursing Kṛṣṇa : gender, theodicy, and time in the Mahābhārata(2016-05) Wilson, Jeff Scott; Brereton, Joel P., 1948-; Freiberger, OliverIn this paper, I will discuss the doctrines of theodicy and time in the Mahābhārata, with particular attention to the concept of gender in the epic milieu. I argue that the parallel narratives of Draupadī and Gāndhārī play a central role in establishing what Emily T. Hudson refers to as “the aesthetics of suffering.” Draupadī and Gāndhārī’s respective arguments against Kṛṣṇa, especially, raise a number of crucial theodicean questions that ultimately contribute to the overall argument of the text in regards to the necessity of detachment (vairāgya) and the ravages of Time (kāla). As such, this paper endeavors to provide a reading of the text that contextualizes Draupadī and Gāndhārī’s theodicean arguments in terms of Kṛṣṇa’s identification with the epic’s concept of Time, the interplay of gender and ethics that inform these arguments, and finally, a possible answer to these arguments that incorporates the above insights. In the end, I hope to provide a fitting testament to both the moral and theological depth of the epic as a whole.Item Do I have enough time? The effects of perceived test difficulty and perceived time pressure on cognitive performance(2016-12) Stein, Evan Marc; Markman, Arthur B.Previous research on time pressure has shown that time pressure has paradoxical effects on task performance. Findings from previous studies show that time pressure can either help or hurt performance. Thus, it was hypothesized that an inverted U-shape relationship between time pressure and cognitive performance might explain the inconsistent results. In the current study, we used a 2 (Practice set difficulty: easy vs. hard) x 2 (Perceived time pressure: low vs. high) between-subjects design to investigate the effects of perceived test difficulty and perceived time pressure on cognitive performance. Participants either received an easy or hard practice set of Remote Associate Task problems. After, participants were told that 10 mins was either a sufficient (i.e., low perceived time pressure) or insuffient (i.e., high perceived time pressure) amount of time to complete a 30-item test. Upon completion of the test, participants then answered a battery of questionnaires regarding their personality, behavior, and beliefs. Results showed that there was no effect of perceived test difficulty or perceived time pressure on creative task performance or time spent on items. Exploratory analyses using the self-report surveys showed that ADHD behaviors, impulsivity, procrastination, need for cognition, and regulatory focus interacts with perceived test difficulty and perceived time pressure. Findings from this study provides insight into the influence of individual differences on perceived test difficulty and perceived time pressure. Understanding how people with different personalities, behaviors, and beliefs perceive time will help elucidate the different contexts under which time pressure can impair or improve performance.Item Do the quantity and quality of time couples share differ by household income?(2020-05-14) Schouweiler, Megan Tess; Williamson, Hannah C.; Neff, Lisa; Gleason, MarciOne theorized explanation for the disparity in divorce rates between low- and higher-income couples is a difference in the amount of time couples spend together. Time is an important component of relationship maintenance but increasing demands outside of the home are decreasing the amount of shared time between spouses (Nomaguchi, Milkie, Beard, & Thompson, 2019). Low-income couples may experience the greatest time deficits as they face a greater number of stressors that take up time, diminishing the quantity of time they have available. They may also need to use the time they do have available to deal with stressors rather than engaging in more enjoyable leisure-like activities, diminishing the quality of time they share. Using a sample of N = 26,557 respondents from the American Time Use Survey, the current study examined whether household income was associated with how much time married couples spend together, and how happy and how stressed respondents reported feeling while spending time with their spouse. Results indicated that low-income couples spent more time together overall, and more time together in leisure activities, and reported greater levels of happiness and stress during shared time compared to higher earning couples. Although these findings provide evidence that low-income couples do not lack shared time together, spending time at home with one’s spouse may not be beneficial if that time is characterized by high levels of stress, suggesting that quality of time may be more important in understanding the disparity in divorce rates between low- and higher-income couples.Item Identity over time in classical Indian metaphysics(2003-12) Feldman, Joel Scott; Phillips, Stephen H., 1950-This dissertation undertakes a comprehensive analysis of the arguments for and against an ontology of momentary temporal parts advanced by a long tradition of Buddhist philosophers in Sanskrit. Drawing on the latest authors in Indian Buddhist schools and using contemporary tools and theories, I defend the Buddhist ontology against the best objections of its Naiyāyika critics, who favor an ontology of enduring substances. The dissertation has six chapters. In the first, I provide an overview of epistemology and ontology in the classical period of Indian civilization. In the second, I discuss how the competing considerations of change and endurance shape the early arguments for and against momentariness. The relationship of properties to property-bearers and of parts to wholes emerges as the central point of contention. In the third chapter, I consider the Buddhist argument that destruction is uncaused. Here the ontological status of absences becomes the crucial issue, and I explain the complex exchanges on this score. In the fourth chapter, I examine the most sophisticated of the Buddhist arguments, an inference based on the thesis that anything that exists has causal efficiency. Causal relations also play a key role in the Buddhist account of the persistence of things as presupposed in everyday discourse. The topic of the unity of a series is continued in the fifth chapter, where I apply Buddhist ideas to the problem of personal identity. Here so-called recognition, our identifying an object as in some sense the same as one previously perceived or cognized, is seen to be the key consideration according to my reconstruction of the classical debate. Especially cross-sensory recognition, seeing now something that one has previously touched, for instance, becomes the central issue. I defend the Buddhist view by giving an account of cross-sensory recognition that countenances no non-momentary entities. In the sixth chapter, I put the Indian dispute into the context of contemporary debates over temporal parts theories. A partial translation of the previously untranslated text, the Kṣaṇabhaṅgasiddhi of Ratnakīrti (an eleventh-century author who may be counted the last of the great Indian Buddhist philosophers), forms an appendix.Item Is, was, will, might(2012-05) Baia, Alex; Dever, Josh; Sainsbury, R. M. (Richard Mark); Koons, Robert; Sosa, David; Tooley, MichaelMy guiding question is this: how does what is metaphysically differ from what was, will be, or might have been? The first half of the dissertation concerns ontology: are the apparent disputes over the existence of merely past, merely future, and merely possible entities genuine and nontrivial disputes? After demarcating the various positions one might take in these disputes, I argue that the disputes are, in fact, genuine. I then offer—in the second half of the dissertation—a limited defense of presentism, the view that only present things exist. In particular, I defend presentism against one of the most significant classes of objections to it—the class of objections claiming that it cannot account for a variety of past-oriented truths. In giving this defense, I draw on insights from the dispute between modal actualists—those who hold that everything is actual— and their rivals.Item It’s all happening at the same time : the past as narrative(2021-05-04) Barnard, Lena Catherine Ioela; Lynn, Kirk; Alrutz, Megan; Shaw, PatrickAs I reach the end of graduate school, I have noticed a trend in my work of writing about characters who are obsessed with the past. My characters spend so much time fixated on what has come before, that it makes me question the purpose of the present. If my characters only care about the past, why don’t I set my plays earlier? Why do I need the present? This thesis is an exploration of my need to write about the past and the ways that the past functions in my work. I will outline my ideas about how we perceive time and how that awareness complicates and is complicated by the relationship between an audience and the performance of a play. Using examples from my body of work, I will look at the various ways that the past can be used as a narrative tool. This tool is complicated by the problem of assuming that the past can be viewed as a completed story, as well as by the danger of using the stories of individual characters to represent or speak for a group or a population. These case studies all speak to ways that the past can give meaning to the present while the present is also creating a new understanding of the past. Ultimately, I will examine how an awareness of these layers of time in my plays can invite my audiences to be more aware of the impact of the past in their own lives and be more connected to the present.Item Light deflection and time delay in the solar gravitational field(1983) Richter, Gary William; Matzner, Richard A. (Richard Alfred), 1942-The second nonvanishing order of contribution to light deflection and time delay in the solar gravitational field is studied for a realistic solar model and for a wide range of metric theories of gravity. It is shown that the second-order effects arise at order (GM/c²R)² = ε⁴. To calculate these effects, every component of the solar metric must be known to order ε⁴. The parametrized post Newtonian (PPN) metric provides most of those components. However, some extension of the PPN metric is required. This extension leads to the parametrized post-linear (PPL) metric, which is used in all calculations. To study light deflection to order ε⁴ requires that the orbits of scattered photons be known to that order. These orbits are solved for, first in the equatorial plane and then in general, and are used to determine the deflection as measured by an observer at rest with respect to the sun. In the equatorial plane there is only a radial component to this deflection. In general, there is another component orthogonal to the radial plane, but knowledge of this component is not necessary to determine the total deflection to order ε⁴. The total second-order deflection can be as large as 300 μ arcsec (for deflection by Jupiter). Measurements of some second-order terms are within the astrometric capabilities of experiments proposed for the 1990's. The time delay in the round-trip travel time of a radar beam reflected from a planet is due to the variable coordinate speed of the light signal and to the bending of the beam path. The delay is calculated to order ε⁴ . It is shown that the beam-bending gives a second-order contribution as large as the present-day uncertainties in time delay experiments with the Viking spacecraft. Polarization changes in light waves propagating through the solar gravitational field are also studied to order ε⁴Item Machine learning and time series decomposition approaches for predicting airline crew non-availability(2020-05-15) Wong, Cameron A.; Kutanoglu, ErhanAirline crews serve as the foundational component of effective flying operations. It is becoming increasingly critical to have accurate assessments of how much of an entire airline crew is available for duty. In collaboration with Sabre Airline Solutions, we develop and analytical framework for aircraft crew non-availability forecasting and scheduling prediction using several machine learning models. We focus on non-availability counts for multiple different crew ranking categories and ground activities. The data provided comes from several major airlines and takes the form of assignments that render crew members unavailable for flying from the past 10 years, and includes timestamps, base locations, and designations for activity type, crew type, and crew category. We attempt to formulate predictions for the number of unique crew members rendered unavailable for flight assignments on a daily, weekly, and monthly basis. Our model accounts for the temporal and seasonal aspects of crew non-availability, as well as the effects from assignment features. A dashboard application is provided that allows planners to choose what subsets of the overall crew population to analyze, vary the parameters of the prediction model, and visualize the non-availability counts.Item The process of experience(2013-08) Grube, Enrico; Tye, MichaelPerceptual experience seems to relate us not only to non-temporal features of objects such as colors and shapes, but also to certain temporal properties such as succession and duration, as well as to the sensible properties of temporally extended events such as movements and other kinds of change. But can such properties really be represented in experience itself, and if so, what does this tell us about the nature of experience? Different theories of time consciousness answer this question in different ways. Atomists deny that experience represents temporal properties and maintain instead that in experience we only represent non-temporal properties, "snapshots" of the world. Retentionalists maintain that, while experiences may be instantaneous mental states, they simultaneously represent temporally extended periods of time, while extensionalists claim that experiences themselves extend in time, either only for very short periods or over whole streams of consciousness. I articulate and defend a version of the latter view, which I call 'simple extensionalism', lay out its ontological foundations, and argue that it accounts for the temporal phenomena of perceptual experience better than its rivals.Item Silogísticas del sobresalto : resonancias científicas en la obra de José Lezama Lima(2012-05) Vargas, Omar; Salgado, César Augusto; Litvak, Lily; Fierro, Enrique; Arroyo-Martínez, Jossianna; Roncador, SoniaMy dissertation is an interdisciplinary work dealing with the intersection of the work of the Cuban poet, essayist, novelist, editor and cultural promoter José Lezama Lima (La Habana, Cuba, 1910-1976) with some of the main Western scientific developments and discoveries of the first half of the twentieth century. Even when a considerable number of canonical studies have mapped Lezama's place in the cartographies of modern and postmodern thought, what I do is completely new in this field. In my work I combine methods and insights from Cuban intellectual history and cultural studies, about the impact of new development in physics and mathematics on the discourse of the humanities and the literary and popular imagination, to do a new type of close reading of Lezama's texts, one that reveals the important role that key elements that he "appropriated" from Riemann geometry, relativity theory, quantum physics, and thermodynamics play in the fashioning of his ambitious "poetic system of the world." Although this type of analysis has successfully been applied to other authors such as James Joyce and Jorge Luis Borges, no attempt has been made to study Lezama Lima’s work from this perspective. I argue that examining the structural and organic relationships of Lezama with the work of scientists such as Albert Einstein provides a unique and effective framework for understanding the "chaos-like" and "fractal-like" theoretical and temporal complexities displayed by the Cuban author in his work.Item The narrative dimensions of empire : time and space in the British imperial imaginary, 1819-1855(2017-09-19) Wehrle, Cole Thomas; Baker, Samuel, 1968-; Hoad, Neville Wallace, 1966-; MacKay, Carol; MacDuffie, Allen; Louis, William ROver the course of the nineteenth century, writers showed an increased interest in the representation of two or more moments of simultaneous action. Often this interest has been understood as a response to the new “space-collapsing” technologies of the age such as the railway or the telegraph. However, I argue that such narratives are better understood in the context of the storytelling practices of the imperial state. These practices, which I call “proximity plots,” minimize the anarchic geographic realities faced by states while comforting and their audiences with the assurance that the world is smaller than it seems. I begin my project with the stakes of that lie. In my first chapter I consider the travel writings of Joseph Wolff, whose ill-fated attempt to rescue two British officers imprisoned in central Asia was informed, in part, by a sense of the world cultivated through these proximity plots. While his attempt ended in failure, the narrative of that attempt relies on the same storytelling gymnastics that helped justify it. To understand these techniques, I next look to Walter Scott’s three “crusader” novels. In my analysis, Scott emerges as a crucial thinker whose novels conjure a nation unified both socially and temporally. Wolff’s application and replication of narrative techniques employed by Scott helps us understand how literary production can directly shape how we understand the world around us. After Scott, I turn to William Makepeace Thackeray’s The Newcomes and consider how that novel undermines Scott’s temporal politics, offering a view of the world as significantly bigger and less manageable than Scott’s marauding knights might prefer. Critically, in the story I tell, it is the novelist Thackeray, rather than the journalist-adventurer Wolff, who ultimately recognizes the limits of the narrative production of proximity. Thackeray’s era saw the realization of these dreams of simultaneity with the expansion of the telegraph network and the growth of steam packets that offered global service. But rather than take these innovations for granted or use them as the foundation for an even more aggressive temporal utopianism, Thackeray emphasizes their fragility.Item The role of perceived control on consumer evaluations(2018-05) Han, Jerry Jisang; Gershoff, Andrew David, 1966-; Broniarczyk, Susan M; Irwin, Julie R; Ward, Adrian F; Samper, AdrianaModern consumers often have experiences where they feel they have the ability to attain desired outcomes in life, whereas sometimes they feel they lack such abilities. Although preliminary work shows that these experiences of high or low control can influence how consumers make choices, the literature lacks an understanding on how feelings of control can impact the evaluation of consumer decision input variables. My dissertation contributes to this area of research by investigating how perceptions of control influence two important consumer decision input variables: the perceived distance towards spatial or temporal targets and the perceived value of one’s time or money resource. In my first essay, I start out by highlighting a seeming discrepancy in the literature. Specifically, prior research has found that people perceive positive objects and locations as physically closer than negative ones. Yet other work has found the opposite to be true for perceptions of temporal distance, where negative future events feel closer than positive ones. Motivated by this seeming discrepancy, I propose that (1) feelings of control can differentially influence how far away valenced (i.e. positive or negative) targets feel in space and time and that (2) the difference in perceived control over space versus time can account for these opposite findings. I provide empirical support for these claims across six studies and one single-paper meta-analysis. In my second essay, I propose that incidental feelings of low (vs. high) control can affect the perceived instrumentality of consumers’ time and money resources. I build these hypotheses based on the literature on control threat and consumer resources. Across five studies, I find that feeling low (vs. high) control heightens people’s perceived instrumentality of time, whereas it decreases their perceived instrumentality of money. Moreover, I further show that this differential effect of control on time vs. money is driven by differences in the perceived self-relevance of the resource. Additionally, two studies explore how such resource evaluations go onto influence consumer spending decisions and consumer satisfaction. The findings contribute to the literature on control threat and resource perceptions while providing insight into how consumers view their resources and spend them.Item This is not every night : space, time, and group identity in the Jacobean court masque(2015-08) Lindsay, Thomas Edward; Mallin, Eric Scott; Wojciehowski, Hannah Chapelle, 1957-; Kornhaber, David D; Loehlin, James N; Marcus, Leah SThis dissertation explores the relationship between space, time, dramatic narrative, and group identity in the Jacobean court masque. In early 17th century England, the court masque was a high-profile and multimodal seasonal event for the nation’s royal family and their court. Critics have recognized many of the ways the masque bonded this group together, but have not shown how its cohesive power manifested in individual masques. Following critical consensus, this dissertation first shows how all masque events, regardless of their particular elements and contexts, involved courtiers in embodied experiences of group inclusion, socio-political hierarchy, and royal favor. Next, in a series of case studies, this dissertation shows how three Jacobean masques tapped into these experiences in order to orient the court around various human centers, namely King James I, Queen Anna, Prince Henry, and Gentlemen of the royal Bedchamber. These case studies demonstrate how masques used dramatic narrative to engineer group experience and group identity, specifically by making meaning out their own socio-political realities in space and time. In general, then, this dissertation envisions the court masque as a highly self-referential form of participatory drama and social partying that worked to shape group identity by collapsing the court’s present realities into its socio-politically meaningful dramatic fictions.Item Time(2009-11) Boduch, Michael; Fincher, WarrenThis paper investigates the nature of time with a particular emphasis on how humans relate to time, both as an abstract concept and as a phenomenon integral to existence. It examines how we measure time, how time factors into economic decisions and cost-benefit analysis, and how understanding these concepts can inform questions of sustainability in architecture.Item Time and technical impressions : exploring the relationships between temporal experience, communication practices, and impression management in the contemporary workplace(2012-08) Inman Ramgolam, Dina; Ballard, Dawna I.The primary goal of this study is to explore the impact of dominant cultural patterns associated with the contemporary workplace on organizational members' experience of time. First, in order to investigate such potential relationships, three temporal factors---varying levels of synchronicity, temporal compression, and temporal expansion---are identified as contemporary dominant cultural patterns. Next, these dominant cultural patterns are isolated to reflect three growing communication practices: multicommunicating, virtual work practices, and primary work location. With a review of the literature, these communication practices are tested with seven dimensions of time (present time perspective, urgency, pace, flexibility, punctuality, separation, and linearity). A secondary goal is to also examine both organizational members' temporal experience and communication practices with the impression management strategy, exemplification. Taken together, each goal and subsequent findings helps to inform our understanding of contemporary communication phenomenon.Item Time and temporality as authoritative forces in a busy organization(2019-05-13) Jensen, Jared Thomas; Barbour, Joshua B.The following research study examines issues of time, communication design, and power in the context of a busy health research organization. Through an analysis of communicative discourses, issues of time and temporality surfaced as powerful authoritative forces that influenced the communicative choices that individuals made to intervene in work processes. Using Ballard’s (2009) activity cycles as a theoretical framework, I found that members designed their communication to attend to cycles of commotion as opposed to other cycles of activity. In other words, busyness was a norm that made it difficult for members to find time to spend on routine, creative, or long-term tasks. In addition, leaders possessed and could wield time that was privileged over non-leaders’ time. Through discourses of time, a structure of power was talked into being. Three discursive themes emerged from an analysis of the data, including (1) the loudness of work referring to the environment as temporally loud in that members navigated high volumes of work, ambiguous work boundaries, and distracting spaces; (2) the race of work, referring to the marathon that members ran to keep up with the busyness of the organization; and (3) scheduling work referring to dimensions of time allocation where members tried to navigate high volumes of meetings and ‘key’ members determined the calendars of others. These findings contribute to theoretical understandings of the relationships between Collective Communication Design, temporality, and authorityItem Time out : organizational training for improvisation in lifesaving critial teams(2012-08) Ishak, Andrew Waguih, 1982-; Browning, Larry D.; Ballard, Dawna I.; Stephens, Keri K.; Maxwell, Madeline M.; Ziegler, Jennifer A.Exemplified by fire crews, SWAT teams, and emergency surgical units, critical teams are a subset of action teams whose work is marked by finality, pressure, and potentially fatal outcomes (Ishak & Ballard, 2012). Using communicative and temporal lenses, this study investigates how organizations prime and prepare their embedded critical teams to deal with improvisation. This study explicates how organizations both encourage and discourage improvisation for their embedded critical teams. Throughout the training process, organizations implement a structured yet flexible “roadmap”-type approach to critical team work, an approach that is encapsulated through three training goals. The first goal is to make events routine to members. The second goal is to help members deal with non-routine events. The third goal is to help members understand how to differentiate between what is routine and non-routine. The grounded theory analysis in this study also surfaced three tools that are used within the parameters of the roadmap approach: experience, communicative decision making, and sensemaking. Using Dewey’s (1939, 1958) theory of experience, I introduce a middle-range adapted theory of critical team experience. In this theory, experience and sensemaking are synthesized through communicative decision making to produce decisions, actions, and outcomes in time-limited, specialized, stressful environments. Critical teams have unique temporal patterns that must be considered in any study of their work. Partially based on the nested phase model (Ishak & Ballard, 2012), I also identify three phases of critical team process as critical-interactive, meaning that they are specific to action/critical teams, and they are engaged in by critical teams for the expressed purpose of interaction. These phases are simulation, adaptation, and debriefing. These tools and phases are then placed in the Critical-Action-Response Training Outcomes Grid (CARTOG) to create nine interactions that are useful in implementing a structured yet flexible approach to improvisation in the work of critical teams. Data collection consisted of field observations, semi-structured interviews, and impromptu interviews at work sites. In total, I engaged in 55 hours of field observations at 10 sites. I conducted 31 semi-structured interviews with members of wildland and urban fire crews; emergency medical teams; and tactical teams, including SWAT teams and a bomb squad. I also offer practical implications and future directions for research on the temporal and communicative aspects of critical teams, their parent organizations, and considerations of improvisation in their work.Item Time slips : queer temporalities in performance after 2001(2011-08) Pryor, Jaclyn Iris; Paredez, Deborah, 1970-; Jones, Joni; Reynolds, Ann; Rossen, Rebecca; Stewart, KathleenThis project examines contemporary performances that disrupt normative understandings of time/history. I argue that the complimentary regimes of heterosexuality and capitalism produce the temporal logics that create the psychic and material conditions under which U.S. queer subjects experience everyday, national, and transnational trauma. These logics include the construction of time/history as linear, teleological, and progress-oriented, and the idealized citizen as similarly straight, productive, and amnesic. I then analyze the ways in which queer performance can resist and transform chrono-normativity by creating "time slips": worlds in which past and present are given permission to touch; history/memory to repeat; and the future to reside in the now. Case studies include Ann Carlson and Mary Ellen Strom's Geyser Land (2003); floodlines (2004-2010), which I conceived and directed; and Peggy Shaw and The Clod Ensemble's Must: The Inside Story (2011). I situate my analysis against the backdrop of a post-9/11 security state that makes these performative disruptions particularly vital at this historical moment.