Browsing by Subject "Social acceptance"
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Item The effects of interests and institutional influences on organizational adoptions over time and across practices(2006) Chng, Han Ming Daniel; Haunschild, Pamela R.; Davis-Blake, AlisonThe purpose of my dissertation is to examine the effects of interests and carriers of institutional influences on the adoption of three organizational practices that have become varyingly diffused and socially accepted over time. Drawing on theories of agency, power, social networks, and institutions, I argue that the effects of actors’ interests and carriers of institutional influences on adoption will be moderated by evolving degrees of social acceptance of a practice. This is because as social acceptance for a practice changes over time, it will not only influence actors’ interests and their ability to enact them but also determine the effectiveness of different carriers of social influences, and consequently, determine how these factors will affect adoption. For actors’ interests, I examine the effects of managerial power, managerial incentives, and institutional shareholders’ influence on adoption over time. For carriers of institutional influences, I examine the effects of social ties and prestigious endorsement on adoption over time. To test my hypotheses, I examine the adoptions of tender offer takeovers, poison pill takeover defenses, and executive stock option repricing using separate samples of companies listed on the Fortune 500 Largest U.S. Industrials (F500) between 1980 and 2004. I collect longitudinal data and conduct event history analysis to test my hypotheses. The results of this study offer some support for changing effects of actors’ interests and carriers of institutional influences on adoption as the degree of social acceptance for a practice evolves. In sum, this study provides a more nuanced understanding of the relative roles of interests and institutional influences on adoption as the social environment changes.Item Influences on physical activity in Latino adolescents over time(2017-08-11) Tovar, Marlene; Rew, Lynn; Johnson, Karen E., (Ph. D. in nursing); Garcia, Alexandra A; Marquez , David X; von Sternberg, Kirk LCompared to ethnic groups, Latinos are disproportionally at risk for developing chronic diseases that are preventable with adequate physical activity, which has been effective in lowering health risks. Latino youths are the least physically active among adolescents; however, factors influencing their physical activity are understudied. Latent growth structural equation modeling was used for the analyses of cohort-sequential longitudinal secondary data. Tests of invariance indicated that data was equivalent across the cohorts. This study examined moderate physical activity (MPA) and vigorous physical activity (VPA) trajectories in a nonprobability sample of 615 self-reported Latino adolescents aged 14 to 18 using an adapted theoretical framework, Pender’s Health Promotion model. It also examined the effects of age; gender; family annual income; parent’s marital status; and self-perceptions in physical appearance, body weight, athletic competence, social acceptance, global self-worth, ethnic identity, social connectedness, and parent-adolescent communication on physical activity intercept and slope. The analyses included addressing subsets of incomplete data, and maximum likelihood methodology was used to decrease bias in the likelihood estimates. Findings revealed two distinctive physical activity trajectories with different influences through middle adolescence in Latino youths. The average MPA was below recommendations and steady without gender differences, whereas the average VPA met national recommendations with gender differences at initial status and declined linearly and steadily in both girls and boys. Almost 6 out of 10 parents reported an annual family income of US$40,000 or less, and 64.5% were married at enrollment. Salient findings indicated that having a family with a higher annual income than others or married parents did not impact physical activity in Latino youths. However, those who showed more athletic competence also had more VPA when they were in grade 9, and those with more parent-adolescent communication or more changes in body weight perceptions had more MPA. Those with the highest scores in social connectedness had less MPA when participants were in grade 9, and those with the largest gains in social connectedness had a lower VPA change rate. Implications of the findings for nursing practice, education policy, and research are discussed.