Browsing by Subject "Mesozoic"
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Item Arc-related Mesozoic basins of northern Mexico : their origin, tectonic inversion and influence on ore localization(2016-05) Lyons, James Irwin, 1948-; Kyle, J. Richard; Lawton, Timothy Frost; Cloos, Mark; Horton, Brian K; Elliott, BrentNew structural mapping and radiometric dating in northern Mexico integrated with previous studies indicate the need for revision of current regional tectonic models. The Mezcalera Marginal Basin, an autochthonous Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous basin exposed from southern Arizona to Guerrero replaces accreted terrane models. The lack of significant documentable offsets of this marginal basin provides evidence that contradict proposed major Mexican transform faults in northern Mexico. A left-lateral Cenomanian transpressional fault along which the Caborca and related terranes and offset Bisbee Group strata were displaced is documented by east-directed thrusting of the translated basement and supracrustal strata over the autochthonous Mezcalera Basin strata. Oxfordian (149 Ma) submarine volcanic domes at Batopilas, Chihuahua indicates the Nazas arc of central Mexico migrated across the Mezcalera Marginal Basin, and 124 to 138 Ma dates on Bisbee Group Morita Formation tuffs indicate Alisitos arc volcanism to the west. The well documented Late Cretaceous through Miocene arc migration can thus be projected to the Early Jurassic. Oceanic plate rollback toward the Pacific from the Jurassic through the Early Cretaceous explains the observed arc migration as well as the resulting extension of the Mexican continent. A previously unrecognized intracratonic basin, the Carrizal Basin, a probable northern extension of the Mexican Basin, is documented west of the Chihuahua Basin. The older usage Aldama Platform is divided into the Casas Grandes Platform to the west and the Florida-Aldama Ridge to the east of the Carrizal Basin. Basin inversion as defined by mapping of bivergent out-of-the-basin thrusting along both sides of both the Carrizal and Mexican Intracratonic Basins suggests inversion as the principal tectonic process that produced the Sierra Madre Oriental fold belts. Stratigraphic relationships document the inception of tectonic shortening as Late Cenomanian and a folded 43.7 Ma rhyolite flow at Division de Norte, Chihuahua documents continuing basin inversion well into the Eocene. Previous observations of spatial correlations between structurally complex basin margins and numerous major Cretaceous through Miocene mineral deposits are enhanced by the discovery of the large Cinco de Mayo polymetallic carbonate deposit hosted in stacked west-directed out-of-the-basin thrusting on the west margin of the Carrizal Basin.Item Basin evolution, deformation, and magmatism during variable tectonic regimes in the region linking the central and northern Andes(2019-05) George, Sarah Winspeare Merriam; Horton, Brian K., 1970-; Baker, Paul; Ketcham, Richard; Steel , Ronald; Vallejo, CristianCordilleran style margins exhibit significant heterogeneities both along-strike and through time. These changes in tectonic regime influence sediment routing systems and topographic growth, and are often recorded in proximal basin systems. This dissertation addresses pre-Andean through Andean tectonic regimes in northern Peru and Ecuador. Although Peru has been the site of continuous subduction since at least the Jurassic, Andean shortening and associated flexure in the foreland basin system did not initiate until the latest Cretaceous. Chapter 2 explores the pre-Andean basin system and transition to Andean shortening in northern Peru. This chapter provides new maximum depositional age constraints and demonstrates protracted accumulation in extensional and post-extensional basins preceding the late Cretaceous shift to regional shortening and associated reversal of sedimentary polarity. In Ecuador, the onset of Andean shortening briefly predates the accretion of a sliver of the Caribbean Large Igneous Province in the latest Cretaceous that now comprises the bedrock to the Ecuadorian forearc. More recently, regional Neogene deformation appears to coincide with subduction of the buoyant Carnegie Ridge in the Ecuadorian trench. Chapter 3 discusses the impact of accretion and subduction of buoyant oceanic crust on the short- and long-term magmatic and deformational evolution of the Ecuadorian arc using regional detrital zircon U-Pb constraints on arc magmatism, a new reconstruction of arc location for the past 200 Ma, and a record of isotopic evolution of the magmatic arc from detrital zircons and arc rocks (εHf [subscript t] and εNd). A dramatic shift towards more evolved arc compositions at ca. 75 Ma is attributed to rapid crustal thickening. Neogene sediment dispersal systems in western Amazonia remain highly controversial, yet are significant for the birth of the Amazon River and establishment of a continuous drainage divide along western South America. Chapter 4 provides new insights into sediment routing systems in the Andes of Ecuador from Upper Cretaceous-Miocene hinterland deposits preserved between the Eastern and Western Cordilleras at 2.5 to 3 km above sea level. Using new measured sections, facies analysis, clast counts, paleocurrents, U-Pb geochronology, and palynology, this chapter demonstrates evaluates the basin infilling in the Andean basins, along with comparisons to forearc and foreland domains through timeItem Geologic evolution of the Sierra Madre Oriental between Linares, Concepción del Oro, Saltillo, and Monterrey, Mexico(1982) Padilla y Sánchez, Ricardo José; Muehlberger, William R.The Sierra Madre Oriental between Saltillo, Monterrey, and Linares shows a bend in structures that strike from approximately N 35° E to about N 35° W. Most of the rocks involved in the Curvature of Monterrey are Mesozoic in age and range from Late Triassic to Late Cretaceous. Large amplitude folds and thrust faults contribute to the structural complexity of this region. The structural trends present in northeast Mexico are the result of the Late Paleocene-Early Eocene Laramide Orogeny, and their different styles of folding are intimately related to the fundamental landforms of Early Mesozoic paleogeography. Relatively mild deformation is shown in the Mesozoic sedimentary cover that overlies the stable paleocontinental basement highs of the Coahuila, La Mula and Monclova Islands, Tamaulipas Archipelago, and El Burro-Peyotes Peninsula. The tight folding observed in the Sierra Madre Oriental is the result of regional northeastward décollement blocked by the basement highs. Two prominent west-northwest-trending lineaments transect the region: herein named the "Boquillas-Sabinas" and "Sierra Mojada-China" Lineaments. Prominent paleogeographic highs lie on the outside of the area bounded by these lineaments, with the area between occupied by major basins and small "islands". Recurrent motion along these lineaments seems likely and movement along them in Early Mesozoic time blocked out the paleogeographic elements discussed in this dissertation. It is proposed in this study that the structural features of northeast Mexico are the result of a sinistral relative movement of southern United States (westward) with respect to northern Mexico (eastward) during the Laramide Orogeny, contemporaneously with a regional décollement event produced by the tilting toward the northeast of the so-called "Unnamed Occidental Continent" . Thus from the detailed study of the mapped structures and stratigraphic sequences at the Curvature of Monterrey, and from detailed interpretations of satellite photographs, the model presented here for the mechanism of deformation of northeast Mexico explains not only the bend in structures at the Curvature of Monterrey, but also most of the structural trends in northeast Mexico, including the en e[]chelon folds in the Sabinas GulfItem Letter to Borivoj Zaruba from H.B. Stenzel on 1965-09-09(1965-09-09) Stenzel, Henryk B.Item Letter to Carroll Lane Fenton from H.B. Stenzel on 1936-03-30(1936-03-30) Stenzel, Henryk B.Item Letter to Charles Gregoire from H.B. Stenzel on 1967-07-03(1967-07-03) Stenzel, Henryk B.Item Letter to E.H. Sellards from John R. Sandidge on 1943-04-13(1943-04-13) Sandidge, John R.Item Letter to Gordon Gunter from J.Marvin Weller on 1948-09-10(1948-09-10) Weller, J. MarvinItem Letter to H.B. Stenzel from Bernhard Kummel on 1951-09-28(1951-09-28) Kummel, BernhardItem Letter to H.B. Stenzel from Bill Berggren on 1960-06-01(1960-06-01) Berggren, William A.Item Letter to H.B. Stenzel from Charles M. Hoskin on 1959-11-09(1959-11-09) Hoskin, Charles M.Item Letter to H.B. Stenzel from D.H. Collins on 1968-03-06(1968-03-06) Collins, D.H.Item Letter to H.B. Stenzel from Erle G. Kauffman on 1963-08-13(1963-08-13) Kauffman, Erle G.Item Letter to H.B. Stenzel from Helen I. Tucker on 1935-04-19(1935-04-19) Tucker, Helen I.Item Letter to H.B. Stenzel from Minoru Tamura on 1967-03-27(1967-03-27) Tamura, MinoruItem Letter to H.B. Stenzel from S.O. Burford on 1947-09-24(1947-09-24) Burford, S.O.Item Letter to H.B. Stenzel from W.F. Roux on 1968-04-03(1968-04-03) Roux, W.F.Item Letter to H.B. Stenzel from W.H. Matthews, III on 1949-09-24(1949-09-24) Matthews, W.H., IIIItem Letter to Henry B. Stenzel from Siemon Wm. Muller on 1953-04-23(1953-04-23) Muller, Siemon Wm.Item Letter to Henryk B. Stenzel from Norman D. Newell on 1946-09-12(1946-09-12) Newell, Norman D.