Browsing by Subject "Information acquisition"

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Effects of fantasy and fantasy proneness on learning and engagement in a 3D educational game
(2015-05) Lee, Jaejin; Liu, Min, Ed. D.; Resta, Paul; Riegle-Crumb , Catherine; French, Karen; Toprac, Paul
Fantasies are defined as byproducts of human imagination and mental activities to internalize unusual external objective stimulus. In the literature, utilization of fantasy in educational settings promoted intellectual and emotional improvements. However, the research implications from these fantasy research studies are mostly limited to traditional game design and classroom teaching. There are two research purposes in this study. The first is to examine how different types of fantasy and student fantasy proneness influence science learning, factual information acquisition, and game engagement in a 3D educational game environment called “Alien Rescue.” To accomplish this purpose, this research investigated the effects of fantasy type and fantasy proneness on science learning, factual information of alien characters, and game engagement. The second purpose of this study is to investigate student’s perception of the varying types of fantasy. To accomplish the second purpose of the study, this research inquired how student identified each type of fantasy and related his or her past experience to the embodied characteristics in alien characters. The participants of the study were 103 students who used Alien Rescue in four classes as their science curriculum for 10 days. The students in two classes were assigned to a treatment group using models with portrayal fantasy and the students in two classes were assigned to the other treatment group using models with creative fantasy. Employing mixed methods, this study analyzed both quantitative and qualitative data such as surveys and student interviews. The results in the quantitative part of the study showed that portrayal fantasy was effective for science learning, alien information acquisition, and game engagement. Specifically, the students who used portrayal fantasy models showed higher improvement of science knowledge and scored better on both alien information acquisition and game engagement. High fantasy proneness group also showed better game engagement. The finding with qualitative data showed that the students pointed out eight elements in identifying 3D fantasy objects, and those elements were relevant to the design elements that the researcher included in the 3D modeling procedure. The students also showed a perception pattern that they understood 3D game characters based upon previous experience regardless of fantasy type. The findings suggested that portrayal fantasy was effective in enhancing content learning, factual information acquisition, and engagement in educational games because the familiarity of the fantasy elements makes the identification of the fantasy characters easier and faster. However, too deep involvement in fantasy resulted in ineffective and inefficient learning outcomes. The findings also suggested that eight components of 3D models were essential elements in identifying fantasy game characters by learners as well as designing the 3D characters by game designers.
From partner selection to collaboration in information sharing multi-agent systems
(2006-08) Park, Jisun; Barber, K. Suzanne
This research advances distributed information sharing by equipping nodes (e.g., software agents) in a distributed network with (1) partner selection algorithms in cooperative environments, and (2) strategies for providing and requesting information in competitive environments. In cooperative environments, information providers are willing to provide requested information, but information consumers must consider uncertainty in the quality of provided information when selecting appropriate information providers. In competitive environments, if a self-interested agent can be an information consumer and provider at the same time, agents need to determine the best ways to request and provide information so that the information acquisition utility can be maximized. This research defines a set of metrics for evaluating information acquisition utility, and presents a game-theoretic approach for determining the best information sharing strategies based on stochastic games. The results show how agents build collaborative relationships with appropriate agents and how the information acquisition utility is affected by those relationships.
The determinants and trading consequences of automated information acquisition
(2023-12) Kettell, Laura; McInnis, John M.; Bauguess, Scott; Chen, Shuping; Koonce, Lisa; Zhao, Wuyang
I examine the determinants and trading consequences of automated acquisition of financial reports. Prior literature predominately studies human-based information acquisition, yet capital market participants are increasingly relying on automation to acquire financial reports. Using a novel approach to identify automated downloads of 10-Ks, I find strong evidence that automated and human downloads are positively correlated, suggesting that humans’ own interests influence how machines are programmed. I also find that machines selectively download the 10-Ks for firms with higher expected information frictions and/or misvaluation (e.g., smaller, value firms with complex filings). Using staggered XBRL adoption as an instrument for automated downloads, I find that automated downloads increase trading volume, particularly for firms with information frictions. However, I do not find evidence that automated downloads impact price movements or price efficiency. Taken together, the evidence suggests that automated acquisition of 10-Ks leads to differential interpretations, resulting in more trading but not necessarily more informed trading.