Browsing by Subject "FDI"
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Item Competing for Capital: The Diffusion of Bilateral Investment Treaties, 1960-2000(International Organization, 2006-10) Elkins, Zachary; Guzman, Andrew; Simmons, Beth A.Over the past forty-five years, bilateral investment treaties (BITs) have become the most important international legal mechanism for the encouragement and governance of foreign direct investment. The proliferation of BITs during the past two decades in particular has been phenomenal. These intergovernmental treaties typically grant extensive rights to foreign investors, including protection of contractual rights and the right to international arbitration in the event of an investment dispute. How can we explain the widespread adoption of BITs? We argue that the spread of BITs is driven by international competition among potential host countries—typically developing countries—for foreign direct investment. We propose a set of hypotheses that derive from such an explanation and develop a set of empirical tests that rely on network measures of economic competition as well as more indirect evidence of competitive pressures on the host to sign BITs. The evidence suggests that potential hosts are more likely to sign BITs when their competitors have done so. We find some evidence that coercion and learning play a role, but less support for cultural explanations based on emulation. Our main finding is that the diffusion of BITs is associated with competitive economic pressures among developing countries to capture a share of foreign investment. We are agnostic at this point about the benefits of this competition for development.Item Deciding where to invest in the developing world : determinants of FDI flows(2017-05) Sierra Castillo, Jose D; Jensen, Nathan M. (Nathan Michael), 1975-The relationship between the type of political regime and foreign direct investments has been widely studied. The large number of studies have explored different elements of the FDI and regime type link, but little consensus has emerged on the overall relationship. In this paper I conduct the first elite level experiment of how political regimes shape investment decisions. By using an original sample of investment analysts from one of the top investment firms in the world I find that the political regime has a significant and substantive effect on investor decisions on whether or not to invest on a foreign country. This finding is robust under varying levels of property rights, capital controls, judicial independence, and economic conditions. I also find that the effect of political regimes is strengthened when the protection of property rights fall. This indicates that regime type plays an instrumental role in investors’ decision making process. The results point towards a need to better understand why political regimes matter to attract investment flows.Item The Effect of Government Military Spending on Foreign Direct Investment(2021-11-29) Thakur, AniruddhItem Nonlinear model-based fault detection and isolation : improvements in the case of single/multiple faults and uncertainties in the model parameters(2011-05) Castillo, Iván; Edgar, Thomas F.; Bonnecaze, Roger T.; Rochelle, Gary T.; Masada, Glenn Y.; Fernandez, BenitoThis dissertation addresses fault detection and isolation (FDI) for nonlinear systems based on models using two different approaches. The first approach detects and isolates single and multiple faults, particularly when there are restrictions in measuring process variables. The FDI model-based method is based on nonlinear state estimators, in which the estimates are calculated under high filtering, and a high fidelity residuals model, obtained from the difference between measurements and estimates. In the second approach, a robust fault detection and isolation (RFDI) system, that handles both parameter estimation and parameters with uncertainties, is proposed in which complex models can be simplified with nonlinear functions so that they can be formulated as differential algebraic equations (DAE). In utilizing this framework, faults are identified by performing a statistical analysis. Finally, comparisons with existing data-driven approaches show that the proposed model-based methods are capable of distinguishing a fault from the diverse array of possible faults, a common occurrence in complex processes.Item Potholes on China's. New Silk Road: An Analysis of Chinese Aid and Investment in South Asia(2019-12) Evans, JoshuaFor centuries, the Indian Subcontinent has played a role as a crossroads of East and West and as a geopolitical kingmaker, encouraging trade but also representing the wealthiest region ever to be conquered. In the 21st Century, the emerging global power of China has rapidly increased their aid and investment in South Asia, forging stronger economic ties with past partners and upending decades of alliances with other powers. This thesis focuses on the motivations, decisions, and outcomes of Chinese financial flows into South Asia, analyzing the degree that Chinese investment matches governmental claims of motive and how the geopolitical landscape is changing in response to Chinese money. Split into four sections, the thesis first provides justification for focus on the importance of South Asia and the unique nature of Chinese aid and investment, particularly with respect to China's One Belt, One Road Initiative. Next, the thesis overviews past literature on antecedents, decisions, and outcomes of Chinese investment, providing background to qualitative changes the tests run in this thesis. Thirdly, the thesis runs regressions and tests to provide greater clarity to the motivations behind Chinese investment. The final chapters examine case studies of the two largest recipients of Chinese investment, Pakistan and Sri Lanka, and explore how the investment patterns and political outcomes of these two countries are reflected across many recipients of Chinese money, and how these outcomes have called into question the success of the One Belt, One Road Initiative. This research relies on data collected by AidData at the College of William & Mary and the goal of this thesis is to call into question the state of literature and differing narratives regarding Chinese investment by providing quantitative evidence for or against certain claims.