Browsing by Subject "Ethiopia"
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Item Arc Hydro data model for Ethiopian watersheds(2005-12-24) Asamenaw, Seyoum Ayele; McKinney, Daene C.Ethiopia is endowed with a substantial amount of water resources. The country’s renewable surface and ground water amounts 123 and 2.6 billion cubic meters per annum, respectively, but its distribution shows high temporal and spatial variation. The Ministry of Water Resources of Ethiopia (MoWR) planned to develop a digital hydrologic data model that supports management of the country’s water resources. The purpose of this project is to use the Arc Hydro data model organize and manage water resource data in Ethiopia. To accomplish this, raw Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM) data was processed and a 90m*90m Digital Elevation Model (DEM) was created. Second, drainage lines and watersheds were created using the Arc Hydro tools. Third, six hydro administrative regions were identified based on the flow direction of the streams. This project has shown that Arc Hydro is an effective tool for storing and analyzing hydrologic information for very large areasItem Implementing Energy Efficiency Policies in East Africa: The Cases of Kenya and Ethiopia(2018) Deres, Feiruz; McIver, John; Graham, LawrenceImplementing energy efficiency policies in the third world is a critical step for a developing nation to improve its social, economic, and political well-being. Within the African context, East Africa has emerged as a region in which energy efficiency is making steady advancements. Of the nations located in East Africa, Kenya and Ethiopia have become leaders in implementing policies that promote the use of renewable resources in order to increase energy efficiency. This paper discusses the several ways in which Kenya and Ethiopia have achieved this goal by analyzing resource availability, energy projects, energy policies, and national history. A majority of this paper analyzes Kenyan and Ethiopia energy policies which are eventually compared in order to determine which of the two nations is making faster improvements.Item Is the international coffee market coming home to Ethiopia?(2012-05) Jeffrey, James Richard Francis; Dahlby, Tracy; Todd, RustyThis MA Report explains the impact coffee cooperatives are having on the Ethiopian coffee industry. It analyses how the current multi-billion dollar global coffee industry began in what remains one of the world’s poorest countries, where arabica coffee was discovered sometime before the sixth century. It explains the emergence of coffee cooperatives historically, as well as their present role offering an alternative to the country’s previous reliance on the assistance of Western nongovernmental organizations with their possible negative impact, including arguments they enforced a dependency on Ethiopia that impeded the country’s development. In discussing coffee buyers and coffee consumption, the report focuses on America, although the same points made apply to the vast majority of Western countries. The report investigates whether cooperatives offer a business model sufficient to achieve self-sustainability for Ethiopian coffee farmers, and discusses how the interaction between and among cooperatives, unions, the Ethiopian government, and specialty coffee buyers in America is enabling Ethiopian coffee to increase its leverage on the international coffee market, generating essential income for the struggling Ethiopian economy. The report focuses on the following areas: the connection between poverty and linkage to markets; how coffee travels from smallholding farmers in Ethiopia to be sold in American cities like Austin, Texas; the emergence of certification systems like Fair Trade to protect farmers and ensure they receive a fair price for their produce, as well as the chain of commerce that Fair Trade is part of; the quality and characteristics of Ethiopian coffee; and whether cooperatives and unions can remain true to the original goals of serving their farmer members—not turning into purely profit-orientated businesses. While this report focuses on Ethiopia, it dissects and debates economic trends that usually affect developing nations producing coffee. It explores the logistics and ethics of prices paid in the West for coffee from developing countries like Ethiopia. The report ultimately aims to enlighten readers so they’re able to make an ethical purchase of a good quality coffee, while aware of the myriad factors and trends affecting the international coffee market.Item Monotheism, kingship, and religious transformation in late antique Yemen : the rise and fall of Joseph dhu Nuwas(2019-05) Kjær, Sigrid Krogh; Huehnergard, John; Moin, A. Azfar; Kaplan, Jonathan; Zellentin, HolgerIn 517 CE, a man called Yūsuf ’As’ar Yath’ar, but whom we know under the name Joseph dhu Nuwas, rose to take power over the Jewish Ḥimyarite kingdom. This kingdom was situated in the highlands of modern-day Yemen and had existed since 110 BCE, and had professed to some form of Judaism since roughly 390 CE. After less than a decade of strife and war, this Jewish kingdom succumbed to the Ethiopian Christians of Axum led by the king Kaleb. Ḥimyar then continued as a vassal state first of Axum and then of the Sassanians until the coming of Islam a century later. A few contemporaneous epigraphs describe these events, and a number of later Syriac, Arabic, and Greek texts preserve the memory of the fall of the Ḥimyarite kingdom and the victory of Axum. This dissertation examines the context in which the events of Ḥimyar took place, and situates them within the broader context of Late Antiquity. Further, it discusses the changes that occur when monotheism takes the place of polytheism, in terms of religious expression. To accomplish this task, I primarily examine the contemporaneous epigraphic evidence from both Ḥimyar and Axum (in both Sabaic and Ge’ez). I argue that the texts perform differently and that they reflect contemporaneous kingdoms with remarkably different vocabulary when they express how they perceive themselves and others. Thus, the main questions that the dissertation seeks to answer is what the accounts concerning Joseph dhu Nuwas’s rise to power in circa 517 CE might tell us of the religious transformation taking place in ancient Ḥimyar, and how this might fit into the general cultural milieu of the time. In extension to this question, I discuss later Islamic and Christian traditions and how they portrayed dhu Nuwas and his conqueror, Kaleb of Axum. The result is a cultural history of Joseph dhu Nuwas’s Jewish rule in Ḥimyar and his demise at the hands of the Christian king of Axum with an extended discussion of how monotheism arose in ancient Yemen before IslamItem One way to live : Orde Wingate and the adoption of ‘special forces’ tactics and strategies (1903-1944)(2020-10-15) Meyer, John Michael; Pedahzur, Ami; Louis, William R; Barany, Zoltan D; Buss, David M; Palaima, Thomas G; Woodruff, Paul BWinston Churchill declared Major-General Orde Wingate ‘a man of genius’ for developing what he considered low-cost, high-risk, and high-leverage operations in three theaters of the Second World War. One Way to Live: Orde Wingate and the adoption of 'special forces' tactics and strategies (1903-1944) tries to answer two questions: Why did Wingate and his superiors adopt 'special forces' strategies and tactics, and why did individuals choose to join his 'special forces' units? I use biography and comparative biography to help answer these two questions. I provide a narrative of Wingate's life, but I also construct biographical sketches of some of his peers, rivals, superiors, and followers during his campaigns in Sudan, Mandatory Palestine, Abyssinia, and Burma. I ultimately find that while Wingate's unusual upbringing contributed to his propensity for creating new military units, it was ultimately his aggressive competition with other British officers for scarce honor and prestige that spurred him to create the units he branded 'special forces.' His leaders, on the other hand, adopted Wingate's special forces strategies out of desperation, and only when they lacked the resources to win 'traditional' campaigns. Wingate's followers did not always volunteer to join his units (compulsion occurred in several instances), but many officers joined his ranks with the intention of obtaining a role in violent combat; like Wingate, they sought the prestige and role-fulfillment that some soldiers seek through war. Despite the inherent risks of special forces tactics, many soldiers paradoxically thought their odds of survival were higher with Wingate than in traditional military formations. In many instances, the competition between soldiers required more personal investment than any action against the ‘enemy.’ The extensive use of comparative biography encourages the examination of previously unused sources, including unpublished memoirs and oral histories. My writing, at times, examines stories that do not answer the central questions of the dissertation, but provide a rich understanding of the behavior of British soldiers in Palestine, Abyssinia, and elsewhere. As a social scientist, I attempt to understand the subject as a salient example of organized violence, and not just as a series of unique historical incidents.Item Reinvention and disruption : Austin’s immigrant taxi drivers in the age of Uber(2018-10-04) Lundstrom, Kathryn Marie; Dahlby, Tracy; Lentz, ErinDesalegn Gemechu and Elsabet Guangul are musicians from Ethiopia who came to the United States for a better life –– and now, Gemechu drives a cab. The taxi industry has long served as an important steppingstone for immigrants like Gemechu trying to rebuild a life in a foreign country. But since Uber and Lyft flooded the market and pushed down industry wages, even the workers’ cooperative –– an attempt by immigrant drivers to save their livelihood through a low-cost, democratically run taxi franchise –– is struggling. As Gemechu and Guangul look to the future, they’re resolute about their decision to come to the U.S., but at a loss for how they’ll cope with an industry that is slipping awayItem The Roads of Ethiopia: Italian Occupation and Mengistu's Regime(2019-05) McDonald, BaileyItem Royal vassals : Old African Christians in the Atlantic world(2014-01-23) Ireton, Chloe Louise; Cañizares-Esguerra, Jorge; Deans-Smith, SusanIn the sixteenth century, hundreds (if not thousands) of free blacks, some of them first generation Africans (manumitted slaves) acquired royal permits to embark in fleets to cross the ocean as vassals of the Castilian crown, that is, as Old Christians. Free bozales (recently arrived from Africa as slaves) and their descendants, ladinos (hispanized Iberian-born Africans), successfully argued in the House of the Trade in Seville that they should be given permission to travel to the New World because they were Old Christians from West Africa. While such applicants may be considered as hispanicised (ladinos) as they were fluent in Castilian and were well known in the Iberian cities where they lived, ultimately it was the colour of their skin and African heritage that enabled them to successfully argue that they were as Old a Christian as any white Iberian and that they should be given permission to travel to the New World. In my paper I explore this puzzle: how did free Sub-Saharan Africans manage to successfully claim an Old Christian status and travel in the Iberian Atlantic?Item Trials of identity : investigating al- Jāḥiẓ and the Zanj in modern pro-Black discourse(2015-08) Ingram, Paige Mandisa; Spellberg, Denise A.; Berry, DainaScholarship about the Muslim philosopher al-Jāḥiẓ and the Zanj revolt of the same era has focused primarily on a specific set of historiographical questions. What was the relationship between al-Jāḥiẓ's explorations of skin color and the revolt of the largely dark-skinned Zanj slaves in Basra, if any? Was the Zanj revolt essentially a class or race rebellion? Such questions, while significant, speak to the specific historical concerns--about the social relations and political-economic systems--of Abbasid-era Baghdad and Basra. Somewhat neglected are the modern uses of this figure and moment in discourses outside the purview of academic study, particularly among politicized Black Americans and Black Muslims, for whom (in some quarters at least) al-Jāḥiẓ and the Zanj revolt hold special import. The rise of Sunni Islam among Black Americans since the 1960s has presented an array of challenges to the unique sociopolitical and religious circumstances in which practitioners are mired. How to develop a religious tradition able to answer to the unique sociopolitical challenges faced by Black Americans, and how to develop simultaneously a religious practice centered on God rather than sociopolitical systems? At the cross-section between politics and religion, Blackness and orthodox Sunni Islam, the answers to these questions have already begun to be attempted, with al-Jāḥiẓ and the Zanj revolt sometimes playing a pivotal role.