Browsing by Subject "Ecuador"
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Item An analysis of forest change : a case study of the Chocó-Andean conservation corridor in the Upper Guayllabamba Watershed, Ecuador(2010-05) Gordon, Jessica Danielle; Young, Kenneth R.; Richardson, Richard H.Deforestation in the tropics is considered to be a primary cause for worldwide loss of biological diversity. Future land use decisions have the potential to escalate or ameliorate this global problem. The goal of this research is to present a case study of an analysis of forest change within the Chocó-Andean Conservation Corridor in the Upper Guayllabamba Watershed in Northwestern Ecuador. Fieldwork, remote sensing, and a Geographic Information System (GIS) were used to analyze land use/land cover changes within the corridor. Change detection from 1986 to 2001 using Landsat imagery confirmed that forests were rapidly being converted to other land covers, but patterns of deforestation rates varied dramatically for different types of forests. The average annual rate of overall loss of forest was 2.7% for lower montane forest, 1.7% for mid-slope cloud forest 2.1% for upper montane forest, and 2.0% for riparian forests. The patterns of deforestation also varied based on scales of analysis. For example, the overall loss of forest within the southern portion of the Chocó-Andean Conservation Corridor occurred at an average rate of 1.3% per year, while the overall annual rate of forest loss within particular sub-watersheds varied from 0.2%-3.1% and the annual average rate of overall forest loss surrounding particular communities ranged from 0.3%-3.3%. Fifty interviews were conducted in 2003 in seven communities within the conservation corridor to determine local perspectives of current land use practices, past land use trends, and future land use goals; regional changes in the forest; and opinions of local conservation projects. An intriguing finding of the study is that remote sensing in isolation of fieldwork would have provided incomplete or misleading results. For example, the community that had the most deforestation between 1986 and 2001 was the community where the conservation projects were actually the most successful, based upon local resident opinion. This report asserts that a holistic approach to conservation is needed to reconcile environmental and socio-cultural needs in order to maintain and improve forest habitat and hydrologic connectivity at multiple spatial scales (including community-level, watershed, and regional) by extending conservation efforts beyond protected areas and utilizing a basin-scale perspective to make land use decisions that maintain biodiversity and promote watershed protection.Item Basin evolution, deformation, and magmatism during variable tectonic regimes in the region linking the central and northern Andes(2019-05) George, Sarah Winspeare Merriam; Horton, Brian K., 1970-; Baker, Paul; Ketcham, Richard; Steel , Ronald; Vallejo, CristianCordilleran style margins exhibit significant heterogeneities both along-strike and through time. These changes in tectonic regime influence sediment routing systems and topographic growth, and are often recorded in proximal basin systems. This dissertation addresses pre-Andean through Andean tectonic regimes in northern Peru and Ecuador. Although Peru has been the site of continuous subduction since at least the Jurassic, Andean shortening and associated flexure in the foreland basin system did not initiate until the latest Cretaceous. Chapter 2 explores the pre-Andean basin system and transition to Andean shortening in northern Peru. This chapter provides new maximum depositional age constraints and demonstrates protracted accumulation in extensional and post-extensional basins preceding the late Cretaceous shift to regional shortening and associated reversal of sedimentary polarity. In Ecuador, the onset of Andean shortening briefly predates the accretion of a sliver of the Caribbean Large Igneous Province in the latest Cretaceous that now comprises the bedrock to the Ecuadorian forearc. More recently, regional Neogene deformation appears to coincide with subduction of the buoyant Carnegie Ridge in the Ecuadorian trench. Chapter 3 discusses the impact of accretion and subduction of buoyant oceanic crust on the short- and long-term magmatic and deformational evolution of the Ecuadorian arc using regional detrital zircon U-Pb constraints on arc magmatism, a new reconstruction of arc location for the past 200 Ma, and a record of isotopic evolution of the magmatic arc from detrital zircons and arc rocks (εHf [subscript t] and εNd). A dramatic shift towards more evolved arc compositions at ca. 75 Ma is attributed to rapid crustal thickening. Neogene sediment dispersal systems in western Amazonia remain highly controversial, yet are significant for the birth of the Amazon River and establishment of a continuous drainage divide along western South America. Chapter 4 provides new insights into sediment routing systems in the Andes of Ecuador from Upper Cretaceous-Miocene hinterland deposits preserved between the Eastern and Western Cordilleras at 2.5 to 3 km above sea level. Using new measured sections, facies analysis, clast counts, paleocurrents, U-Pb geochronology, and palynology, this chapter demonstrates evaluates the basin infilling in the Andean basins, along with comparisons to forearc and foreland domains through timeItem Constructing hydropower : labor control in Chinese transnational hydroelectric projects in Ecuador(2015-05) Peng, Ruijie; Auyero, Javier; Knapp, GregoryThis thesis explores an important question concerning Chinese transnational development projects in Ecuador: How have Chinese transnational capital and modernization projects in Ecuador effectively enforced workplace control? In order to answer the question, I have conducted ethnographic fieldwork in a large hydro-electric power plant a Chinese construction company is building in Ecuador. I focused my attention on employees’ labor process to examine the process by which labor control unfolds. Particularly, I delve into discourses and practices about divisions and differences and argue that they objectively structure Chinese and Ecuadorian employees’ labor process and thereby shape strategies for labor control. In this thesis, I shall explore the particularities of labor control that Chinese transnational construction company has set up in Ecuador to examine how it manages to achieve consent with workers. Borrowing from Michael Burawoy’s definition and analysis of labor process and labor control, I identified three categories, namely, professional ranking, nationality and gender as especially relevant in terms of structuring both the labor process and labor rights provisions at the camp. Applying this analytical framework, I show that the structured and structuring interactions between objective structural relations can ensure and sustain labor control on one hand, and Chinese and Ecuadorian employees’ subjective experiences with labor rights regimes and workplace control can reinforce such control, on the other hand. I argue that Chinese transnational development projects in Ecuador have developed unique practical logics which help to achieve labor control among Chinese and Ecuadorian employees whose subjectivities presuppose their labor process.Item Constructing notions of development : an analysis of the experiences of Japan Overseas Cooperation Volunteers and the Peace Corps in Latin America and their interaction with indigenous communities in Ecuadorian Highlands(2013-08) Kawachi, Kumiko; Wade, Maria de Fátima, 1948-; Roberts, Bryan R., 1939-Post-development theorist, Arturo Escobar's influential work, Encountering Development as well as other post-development academic works discussed the concept and delivery of "development" based on known antecedents--Western countries as practitioners and non-Western countries as beneficiaries. Even though cultural sensibility has become a significant issue in development today, there is little research that analyzes the construction of non-Western donors' discourse such as those of the Japanese governmental aid agency, Japan Overseas Cooperation Volunteers. Moreover, non-Western aid donors and practitioners' engagement with indigenous development in Latin America has not been discussed. This dissertation aims to answer the following questions: How do Western and non-Western governmental donor agencies construct and deliver 'development' to 'non-developed' countries in Latin America, particularly to countries with large indigenous populations? How do these donor agencies' volunteer practitioners implement development projects in the field? What are the differences in the aims and delivery of development projects between Western and non-Western donors and their volunteer practitioners, especially in those projects aimed at indigenous populations? A corollary to those questions was to attempt to discover how the agencies and their volunteers negotiated notions of development with indigenous peoples as well as how agencies and volunteers perceived and addressed ethnic differences in the aid recipients' countries. To answer these questions I compared and contrasted two governmental agencies that are the most prominent and with the longest record of volunteer aid in Latin America: the United States Peace Corps and the Japanese agency, Japan Overseas Cooperation Volunteers (JOCV). Although the U.S. Peace Corps and its notion of development were models of "development" for the JOCV program, JOCV's discourse of development and its development practices are not the same as the Peace Corps. Both agencies' cross-cultural policies for their volunteers as well as the development practices the agencies adopted likely reflect how the Japanese and United States understand their own societies in general cultural terms, as well as in terms of moral and religious preferences, ethnicity and sexual orientation. The Peace Corps and JOCV volunteers' experiences with indigenous populations showed several limitations to their programs and provided suggestions for the future particularly in the area of indigenous development.Item Discourse forms and social categorization in Cha'palaa(2010-05) Floyd, Simeon Isaac; Epps, Patience, 1973-; Sherzer, Joel; Hale, Charles R.; Pierre, Jemima; England, NoraThis dissertation is an ethnographic study of race and other forms of social categorization as approached through the discourse of the indigenous Chachi people of northwestern lowland Ecuador and their Afro-descendant neighbors. It combines the ethnographic methods of social anthropology with the methods of descriptive linguistics, letting social questions about racial formation guide linguistic inquiry. It provides new information about the largely unstudied indigenous South American language Cha’palaa, and connects that information about linguistic form to problems of the study of race and ethnicity in Latin America. Individual descriptive chapters address how the Cha’palaa number system is based on collectivity rather than plurality according to an animacy hierarchy that codes only human and human-like social collectivities, how a nominal set of ethnonyms linked to Chachi oral history become the recipients of collective marking as human collectivities, how those collectivities are co-referentially linked to speech participants through the deployment of the pronominal system, and how the multi-modal resource of gesture adds to these rich resources supplied by the spoken language for the expression of social realities like race. The final chapters address Chachi and Afro-descendant discourses in dialogue with each other and examine naturally occurring speech data to show how the linguistic forms described in previous chapters are used in social interaction. The central argument advances a position that takes the socially constructed status of race seriously and considers that for such constructions to exist as more abstract macro-categories they must be constituted by instances of social interaction, where elements of the social order are observable at the micro-level. In this way localized articulations of social categories become vehicles for the broader circulation of discourses structured by a history of racialized social inequality, revealing the extreme depth of racialization in human social conditioning. This dissertation represents a contribution to the field of linguistic anthropology as well as to descriptive linguistics of South American languages and to critical approaches to race and ethnicity in Latin America.Item A Dream Deferred: Schizophrenia and the Sarch for Home in Ecuador(LLILAS Benson Latin American Studies and Collections, 2014) Avila, PhilItem Duale-Peripa Seismograph Network, Technical Report submitted to the Director Projecto Duale-Peripa, CEDEDGE, Guayaquil, Ecuador and Tippet-McCarthy-Stratton Engineers and Architects, New York, N.Y. June 1983.(Institute for Geophysics, 1983) Matumoto, Tosimatu; Pennington, WayneItem Ecuador Electoral Dataset-Legislative and Presidential Election Results, 1979-2006(2012-07-05) Mustillo, Tom; Madrid, Raul; Consejo Nacional ElectoralItem Ecuador, Conferencia Subregional Andina sobre Modernizacion de Registros Civiles y Procedimientos Electorales, 1999(2002-10) Tribunal Supremo Electoral de EcuadorItem Ecuador, Elecciones 1998(1998-05) Tribunal Supremo Electoral de EcuadorItem Ecuador, Elecciones 2000(2000) Tribunal Supremo Electoral de EcuadorItem Ecuador, Elecciones 2004(2004-10) Tribunal Supremo Electoral de EcuadorItem Ecuador, Informe del Tribunal Supremo Electoral al Congreso Nacional, 1995(1996-08) Tribunal Supremo Electoral de EcuadorItem Ecuador, Informe del Tribunal Supremo Electoral al Congreso Nacional, 1998(1998) Tribunal Supremo Electoral de EcuadorItem Ecuador, Informe del Tribunal Supremo Electoral al Congreso Nacional, 2000(2002-01) Tribunal Supremo Electoral de EcuadorItem Ecuador, Informe del Tribunal Supremo Electoral al Congreso Nacional, 2000(2000-01) Tribunal Supremo Electoral de EcuadorItem Ecuador, Informe del Tribunal Supremo Electoral al Congreso Nacional, 2001(2001-01) Tribunal Supremo Electoral de EcuadorItem Ecuador, Informe del Tribunal Supremo Electoral al Congreso Nacional, 2002(2002) Tribunal Supremo Electoral de EcuadorItem Ecuador, Informe del Tribunal Supremo Electoral al Congreso Nacional, 2003(2004) Tribunal Supremo Electoral de EcuadorItem Ecuador, Informe del Tribunal Supremo Electoral al Congreso Nacional, 2004(2005-01) Tribunal Supremo Electoral de Ecuador
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