Browsing by Subject "DOAC"
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Item Impact of CYP3A4/P-gp interacting medications on clinical outcomes in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation patients managed on rivaroxaban(2018-06-26) Goble, Joseph Adam; Rascati, Karen L.; Wilson, James P.Objectives: To analyze concurrent drug use and its association with outcomes in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation patients receiving rivaroxaban. Methods: We included patients ≥ 18 years of age who had at least one prescription for rivaroxaban between January 1, 2012 and December 31, 2016 along with at least two diagnoses of atrial fibrillation during the pre-index period. Those on rivaroxaban with concurrent exposure to CYP3A4/P-gp interacting medications were placed in the concomitant interacting medication (CIM) user group, and those without exposure to CYP3A4/P-gp interacting medications were placed in the CIM non-user group. Patients were excluded if they did not have continuous enrollment in the 365 days before and after the first prescription of rivaroxaban during the study period (allowing for ≤ 90-day gaps in coverage). Baseline characteristics, comorbidities, medication use, and occurrence of adverse events between the two groups were compared using inferential statistics. Multivariate logistic regression models with modified Poisson distributions and Cox proportional hazard models were used to address the hypotheses, assessing the effect of CIM on bleed and thromboembolism, adjusted for covariates. Results: A total of 287 and 180 patients were included in the CIM users group and the CIM non-users group, respectively. At baseline, compared to CIM non-users, CIM users had a higher proportion of pre-index cardiovascular issues: myocardial infarction (12.2% versus 6.1%), heart failure (43.6% versus 29.4%), and coronary artery disease (42.9% versus 32.2%). The average pre-index CHADS2VASc (4.2) and Charlson Comorbidity Index scores (2.7) in both cohorts were similar. In unadjusted analyses, the CIM user cohort had similar rates of bleed (13.9% versus 16.7%) and lower rates of thromboembolism (13.2% versus 28.3%) compared to the CIM non-user group. When controlling for covariates, relative to CIM non-users, CIM users had a comparable risk of bleed (risk ratio [RR]: 0.73; p = 0.14) and a lower risk of thromboembolism (RR: 0.58; p < 0.01). When adjusted for covariates and assessing time to first event, the hazard of thromboembolism was about half for CIM users (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.58; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.39, 0.87; p < 0.01). Conclusion: This study suggests that co-administered CYP3A4 and P-gp inhibitors reduce the risk of thromboembolism in patients prescribed rivaroxaban. While no alteration of bleeding risk was observed, this may be limited by event rates, sample size, and inability to assess risk at the individual drug level.Item Impact of obesity on real-world clinical outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation on direct oral anticoagulant therapy : a retrospective cohort study(2020-05-22) Kim, Nina Yaeji; Rascati, Karen L.; Godley, Paul M.; Wilson, JamesObjectives: To assess the impact of body mass index on real-world clinical outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation taking direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) within the Baylor Scott & White healthcare system. Methods: This was a retrospective, observational cohort study of adult patients (≥18 years of age) with atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter with ≥1 pharmacy claim for a DOAC (dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban, edoxaban) between 2015 and 2017. Patients were stratified into cohorts based on body mass index: normal weight, overweight, obese class I, obese class II, obese class III. The primary effectiveness outcome was any stroke or systemic embolic event and the primary safety outcome was any major bleed event. Baseline characteristics across the cohorts were compared descriptively and using bivariate analyses. Unadjusted outcome event rates across the cohorts were compared descriptively. Results: The primary analysis consisted of 1,035 patients (normal 245 (23.4%), overweight 352 (33.6%), obese class I 220 (21.0%), obese class II 132 (12.6%), and obese class III 86 (8.2%)). Overweight and obese cohorts were younger and had a lower proportion of females, Medicare insurance, prior stroke/transient ischemic attack (TIA) and bleed history, higher proportions of hypertension and diabetes rates, and lower CHA₂DS₂-VASc and HAS-BLED scores than the normal weight cohort.. Eleven (1.1%) stroke or systemic embolic events were observed and similar rates were seen across the BMI cohorts (normal 3 (1.2%), overweight 3 (0.9%), obese class I 3 (1.4%), obese class II 1 (0.8%), obese class III 1 (1.2%)). About three percent (n= 29; 2.8%) of those studied had major bleed events and decreasing rates were seen with increasing BMI cohorts (normal 9 (3.7%), overweight 11 (3.1%), obese class I 5 (2.3%), obese class II 3 (2.3%), obese class III 1 (1.2%)). Conclusion: A small percentage of stroke/systolic embolism and major bleed event rates were observed across all BMI groups, such that no statistical tests could be performed to compare the event rates among the BMI groups. DOAC-receiving atrial fibrillation patients who are overweight or obese may see similar, and potentially lower, rates of stroke and systemtic emoblism or major bleed events compared to normal weight patients.