Browsing by Subject "Attribution"
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Item A statistical method for attributing plutonium samples to a reactor type from isotopic data(2022-05-03) Collins, Brian Allen; Haas, Derek Anderson, 1981-; Brady, Michaele; Charlton, William; Landsberger, SheldonAttributing plutonium to a specific country or organization is a complex and challenging problem that has great interest in the nuclear forensics and counterproliferation communities. Since plutonium is made in a nuclear reactor, identifying the type of reactor, material age, and other physical or chemical characteristics can help in identifying the material origin. For precise attribution, samples or calculations would be needed that represent all operating conditions, for all reactor types, and all possible fuel variations to create a databased to be queried to identify a reactor of origin from sampled material. A database this complex is currently unachievable so existing material databases and validated models must be leveraged with new approaches for identification. Since the produced plutonium isotopics are a function of multiple reactor operating parameters (fuel type, fuel enrichment, moderator, local fuel and moderator temperatures, reactor power, and irradiation time), a multi-variate approach is necessary to capture the variation. In this work, a novel classification algorithm based on regression models of measured and calculated plutonium isotopic data has been developed. While regression analysis is an established method, this is the first application of this technique to available used fuel plutonium isotopic measurement data combined with calculated data from reactor physics models. The innovative algorithm can quickly identify the most probable reactor type of origin and can ultimately help focus limited resources in the event attribution of interdicted plutonium is necessary. Measured used fuel isotopic data was obtained through the Spent Fuel COMPOsition (SFCOMPO) database and combined with additional plutonium measurements from the Hanford plutonium production reactors to create a catalogue of plutonium isotopics. The augmented dataset includes measurements and uncertainties where available of the plutonium isotopes ²³⁸Pu, ²³⁹Pu, ²⁴⁰Pu, ²⁴¹Pu, and ²⁴²Pu for light water moderated reactors, graphite moderated reactors, and heavy water moderated reactors to develop the classification algorithm for use in discriminating the reactor of origin. The developed algorithm can be used to triage plutonium isotopic information to differentiate materials originating in reactors with different moderators, and the potential to discriminate between reactor types with the same moderator. The new capability provided by the classification algorithm can be applied to realworld scenarios in the nuclear forensic, counterterrorism, and counterproliferation communities. This method can incorporate additional datasets to increase the accuracy of identification as well as expanding the number of different reactor types.Item Consumers' response to negative information about a celebrity endorser(2011-08) Um, Nam-Hyun; Lee, Wei-Na, 1957-; Stout, Patricia; Drumwright, Minette; Williams, Jerome; Emmer, EdmundThe study seeks to discover whether different cultural orientations will result in individuals making dispositional attribution or situational attribution regarding negative information about a celebrity endorser. Second, the study seeks to discover whether consumers in different cultures evaluate different types of negative celebrity information differently. Third, the study seeks to discover whether dispositional or situational attribution of the negative information about the celebrity endorser will produce different evaluations of the endorser and, subsequently, of the endorsed brand. Finally, the study seeks to discover whether the level of consumers’ identification with celebrities (low vs. high) will moderate the relationship between attribution and consequences. The study found that cultural orientation affects people’s attributional styles and dispositional attribution leads to more negative impacts on celebrity evaluation, brand evaluation, and purchase intention than situational attribution. It is found that Korean consumers reacted more negatively on other-oriented negative information than on self-oriented negative orientation. People with a low level of identification responded more negatively to the negative celebrity information than people with a high level of identification. Implications and suggestions for future research in this area are provided.Item Nothing but net : examining the introduction of advertising sponsors on NBA jerseys(2017-05) Graeber, Justin Michael; Drumwright, Minette E.; Close Scheinbaum, AngelineBeginning in the 2017-18 season, the National Basketball Association will be the first of the four major American sports to monetize official, regular-season game jerseys and implement an advertising program in the form of sponsor patches. This study examined the effects that the presence of these advertisements had on attitude toward the team and the sponsoring corporation. Additionally, the effect of setting on attitude toward the sponsor was examined, and whether the presence of a sponsor logo during a socially responsible team activity resulted in a more positive attitude toward the sponsor than the presence of a sponsor logo during an active gameplay setting. This hypothesis was not supported, and significantly lower attitude toward the sponsor in the CSR setting indicated a potential skepticism toward sponsors when present in these environments. Lastly, the relationship between attitude and what participants attribute the implementation of jersey ads toward were examined, including differing attributions toward improved fan experience, team performance, profit-driven motivations, and socially responsible motivations. Results indicated that with fan or socially oriented attributions, sponsors enjoyed more pronounced improvements in attitude than teams. Practical implications and directions for future research are also discussed.Item Shakespeare's first Hamlet : the 1602 Spanish Tragedy additions(2015-08) Thompson, Maley Holmes; Bruster, Douglas; Loehlin, James; Mallin, Eric; Marcus, Leah; Wojciehowski, HannahWhile scholars have argued that Shakespeare’s Hamlet was modeled after two earlier plays by Thomas Kyd—the so-called Ur-Hamlet and The Spanish Tragedy—this dissertation finds a middle step in this trajectory of influence: the systematic character revision of the role of Hieronimo in the 320 anonymous lines added to the 1602 Spanish Tragedy quarto. The increasingly persuasive arguments for Shakespeare’s hand in these Additions offer an opportunity to explore the implications of this specific emendation, which is represented here as a small-scale exercise for Shakespeare and Richard Burbage to attempt and rehearse more modern, philosophical personations of grief and madness before their great undertaking of Hamlet. This dissertation reads the Shakespearean Additions to The Spanish Tragedy alongside Hamlet to trace Shakespeare’s developing style and to demonstrate how the Additions may be seen as Hamlet’s verbal and thematic precursor. In its introduction and six chapters, this project provides several reinterpretations of primary records relevant to Shakespeare’s theatrical career in a roughly chronological narrative of The Spanish Tragedy’s stage history, ultimately viewing the play’s multiple revisions and revivals as a creative point of departure between competitive companies and players.Item White Paper for Enabling and Reusing Multilingual Citizen Contributions in the Archival Record(2022-11-30) Guzman, Allyssa; Palacios, Albert A.; Sullivant, RyanItem Word of mouth vs. expert reviews : compared using need for cognition and social media affinity(2014-05) Lopez, William Jose; Cicchirillo, Vincent J.We live in a world where social media allows everyone to have a voice regardless of their expertise on any subject. With so many anonymous voices giving their opinions are the expert reviews of film critics no longer as useful? Some may believe there is a disconnect between what critics like and what people like. With this in mind, this research puts the usefulness of expert movie reviews and word of mouth against each other as can be seen through the need for cognition scale and social media affinity scale.