BULLETIN 

OF 

THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS 

NO. 327 
OFFICIAL SERIES NO. 99 APRIL 5, 1914 

Manual Training in the High School 

BY 
O.A. HANSZEN 
ADJUNCT.PROFESSOR OF MANUAL 'I'RAHIIN!) 
AND 
ASSISTANT VISITOR OF SOHQ()l.S 


Published by the University six times ::t mimth and entered as second class matter at the postoffice at · 
A.USTIN, TEXAS 
PUBLECATIONS OF l'HE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS 
PUBLICATIONS COMMITTEE: 
W. J. Battle Killis Campbell A. Caswell Ellis 
J.C. 
Townes F. W. Simonds R. A. Law 

W. 
S. Carter E. C. Barker J. A. Lomax 


The publicatiorn: of the University of Texas are issued six times a month. They are arranged in the following series: 
Official Humanistic General Scientific Press Medical Extension Municipal Research 
For postal purposes the publications are numbered consecutively as bulletins without regard to the arrangement in series. With the exception of Bpecial numbers, any bulletin will be sent to a citizen of Texas free on request. All communications about Uni­versity publications should be addressed to the Editor of University Publications, University of Texas, Austin. 
4 79-514-700-5640 


BlJLLETIN 
OF 

THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS 

NO. 327 
OFFICIAL SERIES NO. 99 APRIL 5, 1914 

Manual Training in the High School 

BY 
O.A. HANSZEN 
ADJUNCT PROFESSOR OF MANUAL TRAINING 
AND 
ASSISTANT VISITOR OF SCHOOLS 


Published by the University six times a month and entered as second class matter at the postoffice at 
AUSTIN. TEXAS 
The ben~fits of education and of useful knowledge, generally dift'used through a com­munity, are essential to the preservation of a free government. 
Sam Houston. 
Cultivated mind is the guardian genius of democracy. . • • It is the only dictator that freemen acknowledge and the only security that freemen desire. 
Mirabeau B. Lamar. 
INTRODUCTION 
'rhere i:> a widespread and gro1ring demand, in this country, for manual training ancl indusfrial education. 'rhis demand is an effort to meet some of the fundamental educational needs of our SC'hool s~·,,tern and the social need for a larger number of intelli­gmt trnined workers for the indu!:'tries. It has resulted in the teaching of a variety of the manual or mechanic arts and in tlw <l01·elopment of a number of systems of instruction. Almost all of the large cities in every State have spent large sums for build­ings and equipment in order to meet the demand. The work in tl1<•se centers is thoroughly organized, and the excellent results thus far attained haYe fully justified the large expencliture>:. 
In order to extend the lierwfit>: of instruction in rnamrnl train­ing to more schools, legislation to encourage arnl as>:i>:t Rrhools 1111<'!ertaking this work, has been enacted in many of the Statrs. 
'J'he Texas Legislature has aided the public schools, by appro­priating money to supplement the fonds raised by local means. It ha,: also prnvi<le<l for tlw training of teachers of manual training, in the higher c><lucational institutions of the State. 'l'he UnivN­sity of Texas if: assisting in the spread and development of the work, not only by offering courses in manual training for teacher,:, but by granting entranre credits for the work done in the affiliated high schools. In many parts of the i:Hate plans are being made for the intro(hictio11 of mnnnal training into the Jrnblic sc·hool course, or for thE' extension and development of the work already ~tarted. But the hH·k of proper information makes it difficult for the ,:upt>rintenrlent and school boards to plan wisely. The fr1r \\'l'll organized and snccessfnl large manual training high schoo]f: al'l' taken as guides by many of the smaller schools introducing thl' 11ork. Copying in detail the systems, the equipment, and tlte (·omse of study of these large schools, does not avoid sl'rious mif:­takPs, siJl(·e careful adjustment to local con<'!itions and to the needs of the l'Ol1lllll11Jity must be made if this new part of the school work is to succ-eed. Some of the adjustrne11ts cannot he mad<• until after the work is pretty well organized and in operation, lrnt some phases of the problem must he soherl before the equipme11t is purchased, an<l in many cases this has to hr <lorn• hcfon' n enlll­
Bulletin o/ the University uf Texas 
pl'tcnt tead1er ean be seemed. lt is the puq;ot>e of thio lrnlletin to wpply such information concerning courses of study, equipment, space required, etc., as is needed by superintendents organizing departments of manual training; also to indicate the best lines along which to develop and improve the course of study and instruction. 
COURSES OF STUDY 
In the organization of the manual training department in the high !'lchool, much care should be exercised in planning or in select­ing a course of study. Upon the course adopted will largely de­pend the amount and the shape of :floor space, the number and. character of rooms, the kind of equipment, the special training of the teacher, and other important elements. 
It is doubtful if there could be outlined, at this time, courses which would satisfactorily meet the needs of all schools in the State. 'l'hese needs differ not only with different types and grades of schools, but with the particular locality and community. The following courses, it is belieYecl, will serve as safe guides to a large majority of the public high schools. The course in Group I is recommended for rural high schools, those in Group II for high schools in medium sized cities having no extensive manufacturing industries, and the course in Group III for schools in large cities and for schools in manufacturing centers. 
GROUP I. 
Two-Year Course. 
DRAWING. 
First Year.-Freehand projection sketches, from objects and from details of huildings and :furniture. Use of instruments. Lettering. Geometric constructions. Working drawings. 
Second Year.-Working drawings of farm building details, fur­niture problems, or useful farm projects. Sketching of machine details from objects. Perspective sketches from projection draw­ings. 
SHOPWOilK. 
First Year.--Bench woodwork. A., 1 to 6. Carpentry applied to concrete forms and frame buildings. D, 1 and 2a. Concrete construction. 
Second Year.-Carpentry applied to farm buildings, D, 2a ano-1 b, or benchwork, A, 5 to 9 and B, 1 to 3, and simple furniture 
problems, C, 1 to 3.  Forging, 1 to 9,  13. Simple sheet metal  
work, 1 to 3.  
"f\T ote.--The figures  and letters follow toing subjects refer  the 

_detailed 01dlines and indicate the arnount of work to use. 
GROUP II. 
Two-Year Course. 
DRAWING. 
Ffrst Year.-Freehand projection sketches from objects. Us0 of instruments. Geometric constructions. Scale working draw­ings. Freehand lettering. 'I'racing. 
Second Year.-Perspective sketches from projection drawings. Furniture details. Orthographic projections. Elementary archi­tectural drawings. Original cottage plans and elevations. 
SHOPWORK.. 
First Year.-Bench woodwork. Wood finishing. Second Year.-Advanced bench woodwork. Problems in furni­ture construction, 1 to 3. 
Three-Year Course. 
The first and second year of this course should be the same as the first and second year of the two-year course except that turning should be included in the second year's work. 
DRAWING. 
Third Year.-Intersections. Developments. Sketching of ma­chine parts. Geometric curves. Architectural or machine drawing. 
SHOPWORK. 
Third Y ear.-Forge work, 1 to 13. Sheet metal work. Ma­chine shop work, A to D. 
GROUP III. 
Four-Year Course. 
DRAWING. 
First Year.--Freehand projection sketches from objects. Use of instruments. Geometric constructions. Scale working draw­ings. Conventional representation of materials. Freehand letter­ing. Tracing. Principles of decorative design. 
Second Year.-Perspcctive sketching from orthographic projec­tions. Furniture details and working drawings. Orthographic projections. Use of water colors. IE>ometric and oblique drawing. "Elementary architectural drawing. Original cottage plans and elevations. 
TMrd Yea·r.-Intersectiorn:. Developments. Higher geometric curves. Architectural or machine details. 
Fourth Y p,ar.-Shades and shadows. Line shading. Perspective. Drawing for reproduction. Choice of architectural or machine drawing. 
SHOPWORK. 
Ffrst Y car.---Bench woodwork. Problems m simple furniture construction, C, 1 to 2. Wood finishes. 
Second Year.-Turning. Choice of: Art metal work, A and C, and problems in furniture comtruction, 2 to 4; or, Pattern making and moulding. 
Third Y ear.-Forging. Choice of: Art metal and sheet metal 
work; or, Pattern ma.king, moulding and foundry practice. 
Fourth Year.-Machine shop \vork. 
TIME REQUIRED. 
The amount of time that should be given to each of the subjects suggested in the preceding outlines of courses cannot be deter­mined except by trial in each particular school. The previous training and experience of the pupils, the standard of work de­manded by the teacher, and the character of the material used, will largely determine the apportionment of the time available for the work. 
As considerable time at the beginning of the laboratory period must be used in preparing for the work, and as considerable time at the close of the period must be used in cleaning up and 8etting things in order, this extra time amounting in many cases to as much as fifteen minutes, each laboratory lesson should be given a double period, or about ninety minutes. 
Many of the most valuable problems require a number of hours for completion, and when this time is divided into short and scat­tered periods the pupil's interest is sure to lag, and much of the instruction given is forgotten before it can be applied. It is there­fore recommended that at least two periods of 90 minutes each be devoted to shopwork and an equal amount to drawing each week. The University i~ offering t or 1 unit of credit for manual train­ing (shopwork) and -! or 1 unit of credit for drawing. In order to obtain one unit of credit in either of these subjects, the amount of time devoted to the subject must be at least five periods of 80 minutes each per week for thirty-six weeks, or the equivalent of this time may be spread over two years of the high school. 
'rable No. 2, immediately following, is given to show how a few of the well organized schools have apportioned the time devoted to shopwork and drawing. 

TABLE No. 2. 
Total number of hours devoted to drawing and to shopwork, anil number of lessons for each topic: 
0 0 0 .co 0 .Eo 0
0 so .... 0 c: 0 c: 0 0
c:.c .,.c ~_g '-.C o.c O.c 
0" .... ., o.C
Column A ~ives the number 
.... " 
~~ -" C:CIJ
~~ OjCll iS:Cll :':JCll "C/l
of lessons. Co umn B gives the 
"" 
".c o.c .c o.c <.c
total number of hours. 
<.., o~ ..., :::~
~-~-::i:: .~ ~.!l
:E ::i:: tE ~::a ::i:: ~::i:: :a 
------------1·---------------­
FIRST YEAR. 
90 135 90 150 .. .. . 48 ··.. 120 180 135 24.. . . 10 ..... 45 34
DI~if!~~i· ···>· ::::::: :~ 1:: 3: 5: 
12 .. 3 5 10 .. 20 15Geometrical problems...... ..... 
15 23 15 23 12 ..... 15 25 15 23 24 ...... 15 11
Working drawings........... ..... 

45 68 15 23 74 ... . 50 83 14 21 45 .... 95 71Conventional representations . 15 25 .. 5 4
------------1--------------------~---
Shopwork...... . ............... .. 

90 135 ... 81 90 135 90 150 36 54 ... 162 180 135 
Bench wood work...... .. 
60 90 40 60 45 63 45 75 3 5 36 ..... 150 112
Furniture problems.. 
30 45 14 21 45 62 45 75 33 49 72 .... 30 22 
-----------·I----------------­
SECOND YEAR. 
Drawing...... .. . .. . .. .... ... .............. 

90 135 36 54 90 135 90 150 ..... 108 ..... 120 180 135 Conventional representations 
.. .. . .... ... .. .. 10 ...... .... .. 
Working drawings............ 

... ... 5 "8...... . 45 75 6 9... 45 34 
Orthographic projections...... 
45 "58 31 46 "'47 :... . ...... 64 96 45 ::· 
Isometric and oblique draw­ing.... .. ....... 

15 23 ...... .... 26 .... 30 50 .... .. 15 ...... ........ . Lettering...... 
15 23 ...... .. 2 3 10 .... 20 15 
Shopwork...... ... ..... . .......... 

90 135 54 81 90 135 90 150 108 162 .... 162 180 135 
Bench work and joinery
Furniture problems 
~~ ~~ "90 135 "90 150 
:: .. .. ..... l80 135 
45 "68 54 81 54 ....
I~t~~~ac. 
:::: ..................... 68 ...

45 
Pattern making and mould­ing........ . 

54 81 54 ....
------------!-----·---------­
THIRD YEAR. 
Dr;:i~~~eci'iCiii!i .aiiii iie'Veio'P~ 90 135 36 54 .... 90 90 150 72 108 ..... 120 180 135 ments....... .. . .... .. . . .. ......... 
30 45 30 45 30 45 .. .. ...... 
.... 45 .... 90 67 
Higher geometric curves........ 

... ...... ... ... 30 45 30 50 
.... 10.. 10 8 Architectural drawing.... ........ 
60 90 .... . 
45 .. or
Machine drawing....... 

6 9 .. 60 100 72 108 45
------------1--------------
ShQP0Wrgo1,rnkg...·.·....·.·_·_.. 
_·__._..,,...·.·..·.... 90 135 
~ 
901~ 
Sheet metal work.................... 

. 
Pattern making and mould­
ing.. ........................ 
Turning.. .. .. 

-----------·I---­
FOURTH YEAR 
Drawing. 901~ 
~~~<l:haa~jnsia<lows
Perspective.. .. ................... . . Architectural drawing..... . 901~ 
Machine drawing.... .... ..... ... .. ... .. .... 
~~..... . ..9..o..1.3..5.
Pattern making.................... .. 
Machine shop practice........ 90 135 

54 81 .. 180 90 150 108 162 .. 162 180 135 
.. 00 90 901W1001W1M ... 
8 12 .. .. 
... ... 60 90. 
54 81 .. :180 135 
~ M 901~ 901W 721M .... 1w1m1~ 5 8 5 8 ..... 5 ..... . 
40 00 10 17.... . 20 .... .. 
20 30 15 25 .... . ... 20 .. ... "'.,;!() "15 
. ... ~ ~ 00100 721M ~.. 1001W 
or or ...... 
36 54 25 .. 45 .. . 
54 -81 ..9_ 1 ..90!.1.w1 .8 ·.·. ~­
541__ 0..~ ..o1·~~1~
8.. 90 135 90l150 108 162 108 
EQUIPMENT 
Many factors enter into the selection of the hand tools, ma­chines, and furniture for the manual training laboratories. Th& course of study, the class unit, the available motive power, and the cost, are the important factors. 
Two types of equipment are suggested in the following list, one of very fine quality and elaborate enough to meet the most exact­ing demands, the other of medium quality and extensive enough to meet the demands of the small school. The equipments have been planned for class units small enough to make possible a high degree of efficiency. 
The prices given, except those marked "*," are from quotations made by the following firms: 
Walter Tips, Austin, Texas. 
Huey & Philp Hardware Co., Dallas, Texas. Behering & Carles Hardware Co., Houston, Texas. 
Prices marked "*" are given by the manufacturer. All prices are for goods F. 0. B. point of shipment and are correct at the present date (1914). Prices in the first column are the lowest, and those in the second are the highest quoted. 
Orders for complete equipments are generally subject to special discounts, hence it is suggested that schools submit to these firms their lists of equipment for prices before ordering. 
EQUIPMENT FOR COURSES IN GROUP I. 
Minimum Equipment for Woodwork for Class of 12. 
INDIVIDUAL TOOLS.  
12 try-squares, 7! inches, Stanley's No. 20 . ....$  1.60 $ 2.29  
12 two-foot rules, Stanley's No. 1, two fold .....  1.73  2.00  
12 marking gauges, Stanley's No. 65 ..........  2.99  3.00  
12 jack planes,  14 inches, Bailey's No.  5C,  or  
Sargent's V. B. M. No. 14 . . .............. .  19.80  22.64  
6 tanged firmer chisels,! inch, Buck Bros.' No. 30  2.40  2.50  
6 tanged firmer chisels, 1 inch, Buck Bros.' No. 30  2.83  3.10  
6 cabinet saws, Disston's No. 80, 14 inches ....  3.75  3.88  
6 panel saws, 22 inches, 9 points, Disston's No. 8  6.35  7.1.5  
12 spoke shaves, Stanley's No. 54 . .. ........ .  *4.72  4.72  

6 hickory mallets, 4x3 inches. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  .69  .&8  
6 bench dusting brushes, Bromwell's No. 502, 8  
inches  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  1. 25  1 . 25  
12 single work benches, No. 1, with Wilcox vise  
230S, No. 1, see page 15, estimate .........  144.00  144.00  
Or 6 double work benches. same structural de­ 
sign as  No. 1, estimated cost. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 . 00  120. 00  
$193.31  $197.64  
GEN•ERAL EQUIPMENT.  
1 steel square, Sargent's No. 500, V. G. R .... .$  1.20  $ 1.25  
1 steel square, Sargent's No. 3, V. G. R ...... .  *1.00  1.00  
1 adjustable plumb and level, 24 inches, Stan­ 
ley's No.  30, duplex ..................... .  1.05  1.10  
2 metal T-bevel, 6 inches, Stanley's No. 18 ... .  .65  .67  
Or Sargent's No. 66, $1.10.  
l  folding rule, 6 feet, Stanley's zigzag, No. 706  .23  .25  
l extension di vjders, 10 inches, Sargent's No. 51  .52  .52  
1 extension dividers, 6 inches, Sargent's No. 51  .39  .39  
2 socket mortise chisels, t inch, Buck Bros.' No.  
48  . . ...... .. .......... . .. . .. ....... .. .  1.35  1.35  
2 smoothing planes, Stanley's Bed Rock, No. 603  3.00  3.06  
Or Sargent's No. 9.  
1 fore plane, 20 inches, Stanley's No.  129 . .. .  1.08  1.15  
1 block plane, Stanley's No. 140 ............. .  .92  .9-1  
.2 drawing knives, 6 inches, D. R. Barton's No.  
85  (or P. S. W., $1.10) .. ... .. .......... .  1.80  1.80  
1 shingle hatchet, Plum's No. 591 (or Sargent's  
No. 201, *90c) ......................... .  .55  .55  
2 hand eaws, 26 inches, 7 points, Disston's No. 8  2.66  2.69  
1 rip saw, 28 inches, 5 points, Disston's No. 8 .. .  1.50  1. 53  
l rip saw, 26 inehes, 6 points, Disston's No. 8.. .  1.33  1.33  
l  compass  saw,  12 inches, 12 points, Disston's  
No. 2  .... .............. ............... .  .28  .28  
2 coping i::aws, Miller Falls  No. 40 .......... .  .43  .50  
1 miter box and saw, New Landon, No. l'i' .... .  6.25  6.40  
1 saw set, Monarch, No. 2, medium .......... .  .75  .75  
1 saw clamp, Disston's No. 1. .............. .  .63  .75  

1 ratchet brace, 8-inch sweep, Barber's No. 733,  
or  Stanley's No.  921 .................... .  1. 35  1. 35  
1  ratchet  brace,  10-inch  sweep,  Barber's  No.  
732A (or Stanley's No. 921, $1.50) ....... .  1.75  1. 75  
9 auger bits, 3 each, i inch, ! inch, t  inch,  
R. Jennings  ........................... .  2.16  2.38  
4 auger bits, 2 each, i inch, 1: inch, R. Jennings  1.45  1. 52  
2 auger bits, 1 each, -f inch, 1 inch, R. Jennings  .96  1.00  
6 gimlet bits, 2 each, 4/32, 5/ 32, 613'2·, Sargent's  
double  cut  ............................ .  .41  .41  
l  Rose counter sink, Sargent's.............. .  .10  .17  
l  screwdriver bit, D. R. Barton's or Buck Bros.'  .15  .20  
1 expansion bit,  Clark's  No.  1  (or Sargent's  
No. 81, $1.00) ... .. .. ... .. .. ............ .  .60  .75  
1 set nail sets, Goodell's No. 90 ............. .  .84  .84  
2 screwdrivers, 4 inches, Champion (or Sargent's  
No. 66, 50c) ........................... .  .33  .36  
1 screwdriver, 6 inches, Champion, or Sargent's  
No.  66  ............................... .  .25  .25  
1 monkey wrench, 8 inches, S. R. & W. (or Sar­ 
gent's No. 77, 25c) ..................... .  .42  .42  
3 adze-eye claw hammers, Maydole or Stanley's  
No. 12, 13 ounces ....................... .  1.14  1.38  
4 India oil st-Ones in iron box, No. 0, medium ..  4.40  4.40  
4 steel oilers, P. W. Mfg. Co.'s No. 304, ! pint.  .40  .45  
1 pair steel bar adjustable clamps, 3 feet, Cin­ 
cinnati Tool Co.'s Special Perfection ...... .  *2.80  2.80  
3 pairs, steel spindle, Peerless, hand screws, 10  
inches,  Oliver's No.  913 ................. .  *2.16  2.16  
1 Stanley dowling gig, No. 59 ............... .  1.30  1. 35  
1 tool grinder, Pike Peerless Senior, No. 9  (or  
Pike Greyhound, No. 15, $9.00) .......... .  5.25  5.50  
1 kerosene glue heater,  1 quart,  Oliver  Model  
S. I. (or electric glue heater, Oliver R. J., $14)  *7.00  7.00  
$ 62.7!.l  $ 64.70  

ManuaJ, Training in th.e High. School 
Complete Equipment for Woodwork for Class of 12. 
INDIVIDUAL TOOLS. 
12 try-squares, 8 inches, Disston's No. 15 or 
Stanley's No. 10 ... ......................$ 3.25 $ 5.50 12 two-foot rules, Stanley's No. 1, two fold ... . 1. 73 2.00 12 marking gauges, Stanley's No. 77 ... ..... . 5.50 5.60 12 jack planes, 14 inches, Stanley's Bed Rock, 
No. 605.• or Sargent's V. B. M., 14 ........ . 22.80 23.40 12 tanged firmer chisels, f inch, bevel back, Buck Bros.' No. 30 ........................... . 4.40 4.40 12 tanged firmer chisels, J inch, bevel back, Buck Bros.' No. 30 .. . . . ...................... . 4.80 5.00 12 tanged :firmer chisels, 1 inch, bevel back, 
leather tipped handle, Buck Bros.' No. 30 .. . 5.65 6.25 12 cabinet saws, Disston's No. 80, 14 inches ... . 7.50 7.73 12 panel saws, 22 inches, 9 points, Disston's No. 
112 ....... . ............. . ......... . . . . . 19.00 19.50 12 sloyd knives, 2J inches, Dexter D. or H . & S. 
Co.................................... . 2.16 2.-!:0 12 spoke shaves, Stanley's No. 54 ............ . 4.70 4.70 12 India oil stones, No. 0, in iron boxes ...... . 13.20 13.20 12 maple bench hooks, Orr & Lockett. ....... . *3.00 3.00 12 adze-eye claw hammers, 7 ounces, Maydole .. 4.25 5.00 12 lignum vitae mallets, No. 5, 3x5 inches .... 2.70 3.50 12 bench brushes, Bromwell's No. 402, 8 inches 7.00 7.25 12 single work benches, No. 2 (see pa.ge 16), 
estimate . . ................... .. ..... . .. . 19'2.00 200.00 

Or Grand Rapids Hand Screw Co.'s bench, 
No. 96, $202. 
$303. 64 $318 .45 
14 
Bulletin of the University of Texas 

Work Bench No. 1. 

Work Bench Xo. 2. 
>O 
,..... 


,_______z4 " 
. 
'b f 



F-/3~
i 
J 

~ 

WORK BENCH NO. I 
SCALE ~':.1 FT. 
V. R.3 
4-o·-------­
I 

_, 
'ao
_, 
N 
I--1--_____


l __ _ 
t.-3-2'-7"-----...... 3·~ 
WORK BENCH NO. 2 
Scale .f=l Ft. 
ff----I 4"-4t<--9" ­
' : 
~! 1.:-_1  j~1_;~1 
P-------J  


c
-


V. R.S 
Manual Training fri, the High School 17' 
GE~ERAL EQUIPMENT. 
2 steel squares, Sargent's No. 500, V. G. R ....$ 1 steel square, Sargent's No. 3, V. G. R ...... . 1 steel ~quare, Sargent's No. 12, V. G ........ . 1 metallic plumb and level, 24 inches, Stanley's 
No. 37G .............................. . 

3 metal T-bevels, 6 inches, Stanley's No. 18 .. . 
Or Sargent's No. 66, $1.65. 1 panel gauge, 20~ inches, Stanley's No. 85~.. . ] folding rule, 6 feet, Stanley's No. 7 5G ..... . 3 extension dividers, 6 inches, Sargent's No. 51 1 extension divider, 10 inches, Sargent's No. 51 3 socket mortise chisels, t inch, Buck Bros.' No. 48 ................................... . . . 3 socket mortise chisels .• ~· inch, Buck Bros.' No. 48 ............................... . .... . 3 socket mortise chisels, t inch, Buck Bros.' No. 48 .................................... . 4 smoothing planes, Stanley's Bed Rock, No. 604, or Sargent's No. 9 . . .................... . 1 joiner plane, Stanley's Bed Rock, No. 607 .. . 2 block planes, Stanley's No. 140 ..... ....... . 1 double end block plane, Stanley's No. 130 ... . 1 low angle block plane, Stanley's No. 65 ..... . 1 plow plane, Stanley's No. 45 .............. . 2 drawing knives, 6 inches, D.R. Barton's No. 85 1 drawing knife, 8 inches, D. R. Barton's No. 88 1 shingle hatchet, Sargent's No. 201 ........ . 
Or Plumb's No. 591, 55c. 1 cabinet scraper, Sargent's No. 25, 3x5 inches .. 2 hand saws, 26 inches, 7 poinh:, Disston's No. 8 2 rip saws, ~W inches, 6 points, Disston's No. SD 1 rip saw, .28 inches, 5 points, Disston's No. 8D 2 nests of saws, Disston's No. 3............. . 4 coping saws, Disston's No. 10 ............. . 2 turning saws, 18 inches, Miller Falls .. . .... . l miter box and saw, Stanley's No. 24:0 ....... . 1 saw set, Monarch, No. 2, medium .......... . 
2.40 *LOO 
* .85 
1.19 .97 
.90 .24 
1.17 .52 
2.00 
2.20 
2.50 
6.50 
2.80 .92 .47 .87 
5.50 
1.80 
1.00 
*.90 
.20 
2.66 
2.75 
1. 52 
1.50 
2.20 
1.63 
7.65 .75 $ 2.50 
1.00 .85 
2 .2')' 
1.00 
.!JG 
.26 
1.17 .52 
2.00 
2.25 
2.50 
6.75 
2.85 .94 .50 .95 
5.85 
1. 80 
1. 2;> .90 
.20 
2.69 
3.04 
1.59 
1.50 
2.20 
1.8:3 
7. !)f) .75 
1 saw clamp with filing guide, Disston's No. 4 .. 
2 	ratchet braces, 8-inch sweep, Barber's No. 733A ...... . .......................... . Or Stanley's No. 921, $2.66. 
1 ratchet brace, 10-inch sweep, Barber's No. 732 
Or Stanley's No. 921, $1.50. 1 set auger bits, Nos. 4 to 16, R. ,Tennings . .. . 8 gimlet bits, 2 each, 3/ 32, 4/ 32, 5/ 32, 6/ 32, 
Sargent's double cut .................. . . . 2 Rose counter sinh, Sargent's ........ ,. ... . . 1 screwdriver bit, D. R. Barton's or Buck Bros.' 1 expansion bit, Sargent's No. 81 ........... . 1 hollow auger, Cincinnati 'fool Co., No. 3... . 1 !-inch plug cutter, Cincinnati Tool Co.'s Im­proved ................................. . 2 sets nail sets, Goodell's No. 900 ........... . 4 copperized steel oilers, ~ pint ............. . 3 adze-eye claw hammers, 13 ounces, Maydole .. 2 pairs steel bar adjustable clampe, 2i feet, Cin­cinnati Tool Co.'s Special Perfection .. .... . 1 pair steel bar adjustable clamps, 5 feet, Cin­cinnati Tool Co.'s Special Perfection ...... . 2 screwdrivers, 4 inches, Champion or Stanley's No. 20 ................................ . 1 screwdriver, 6 inches, Champion or Stanley's No. 20 ............................ . .. . 1 screwdriver, 12 inches, Champion .......... . 1 monkey wrench, 8 inches, P. S. & W ..... . 
Or Sargent's No. 77, 30c. 
6 pairs steel spindle hand screws, 10 inches, Oli­ver's "Peerless" ........................ . 1 tool grinder, Pike Peerless Senior, No. 9 ... . 
Or Pike Greyhound, No. 15, $9.00. 1 Stanley dowling gig, No. 59 .............. . 1 electric glue heater, Oliver's R. J .... ...... . 
1.05 

3.00 
1.60 
4.50 
.54 .20 .15 *1.00 
4.00 
.26 
1.68 .40 
1.38 
*5.25 
*3.50 
.33 
.25 .46 .42 
*4.32 
5.25 
1.30 *14.00 
1.05 

3.00 
1.60 
5.50 
. 5'! .34 .20 
1.00 
4.00 
.26 
1.70 .45 
1.38 
5.25 
3.50 
.36 
.25 .50 .42 
4.32 
5.25 
1.3·5 
14.00 
$112 .41 $116. 99 

Minimum Equipment fur Concrete Work, for Class of 6. 
4 laborers' shovels, Ames' No. 3 ..............$  3.80  $ 4.00  
1 sand screen, ±-inch or ~-inch mesh, 2x5! feet,  
Hill & Griffith's No. 249 ..................  3.00  3.00  
1 measuring box for mixture, 1 to li to 3, li  
by 2 feet by 10 inches, estimate .......... .  .50  .co  
1 measuring  box  for  mixture,  1  to  2  to  4,  
2'-0"x2'-4"xl0", estimate  .......... . .. . .. .  .60  .70  
1 mixing platform, lOxlO feet, estimate ...... .  3.00  4 .00  
1 steel  concrete  wheelbarrow ............... .  3.00  4.50  
1 water barrel ............ .. ........ ...... .  .75  1.25  
2 galvanized iron 8-quart buckets ... . .... .... .  .32  .40  
2 smooth-face floats, S. & H., No. 52 ........ .  1.80  2.00  
1 straight edge hoe .. ... . .. . ......... . .... . .  .50  • 1),j  
$ 17.27  $ 21.10  

Complete Equipment for Conc1·ete Work, for Class of 6. 
4 laborers' shovels, Ames' No. 3 ..............$ 3.80 $ 4.00 1 sand screen, t-inch or !-inch mesh, 2x5! feet, Hill & Griffith's No. 249 ................. . 3.00 3.00 1 foundry riddle, !-inch mesh, 18 inches diam­eter, Hill & Griffith's No. 55 ............. . .40 .'i5 1 foundry riddle, !-inch mesh, 18 inches diam­eter, Hill & Griffith's No. 55 .... ......... . .40 .'15 1 foundry riddle, 3/ 16-inch mesh, 16 inches diameter, Hill & Griffiths No. 54 ......... . .40 .45 1 measuring box for mixture, 1 to 1! to 3, 1! by 2 feet by 10 inches, estimate ...... . . . .50 .60 1 measuring box for mixture, 1 to 2 to 4, 2x2 feet 
4: inches by 10 inches ............ ....... . .60 .70 1 mixing platform, lOxlO feet, estimate ...... . 3.00 4.00 2 steel concrete wheelbarrows ............... . 6.00 9.00 1 water barrel ............. ............... . .75 l.M 2 galvanized iron 12-quart buckets ........... . .32 .-10 1 galvanized iron sprinkling can, 6 quarts .. . . . .35 . <1;) 4 smooth-face floats, S. & H., No. 52 ......... . 3.60 4.00 2 wood floats ............................. . 
2 molder's finishing trowels, l!x6 inches, Hill & Griffith's No. 802. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. 20 1. 40 1 joiner, Stearns' No. 109. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35 . 40 1 straight edge hoe. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 . 65  
$ 25 .17  $ 31. 20  

Minimum Equipment for Forging and Sheet Metal Work, for Class of 6. 
3 geared blower forges, Buffalo, No. 651. .....$ 52. 50 $ 54.00 
Or Champion, No. 73, $19 each. 3 100-pound anvils, Hay-Budden or Trenton. . . 33. 00 36.00 3 forge shovels. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20 .30 3 forge pokers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20 .25 3 forge ladles, 4 inches. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 5 1.20 3 hardies, 1 t inches. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 .65 3 hot chisels, 1± inches. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 1.05 3 ball pein hammers, l;]: or lt pounds, Maydole 1. 06 1.20 3 steel squares, Nicholl's No. 10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. 33 1..±5 3 pairs plain calipers, 6 inches, Sargent's. . . . . . . 40 .50 3 ~--inch flat jaw tongs, 16 inches. . . . . . . . . . . . . .60 . 7.5 3 i-inch flat jaw tongs, 16 inches. . . . . . . . . . . . . .75 .90 3 -!-inch flat jaw tongs, 16 inches. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 1.00 3 t-inch bolt tongs, 16 inches. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. 05 1.10 1 cross pein sledge hammer, 5 pounds. . . . . . . . . . 40 .45 2 flatters, 2 inches. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .95 1.05 2 set hammers, It inches ................... . .56 .60 2 handled cold chisels, 1-:}-inches ............ . .70 .75 2 handled punches, 1 each, i inch, t inch .... . .40 .50 1 set each, top and bottom swages, ~ inch, t inch, 
4 inch ................................ . 2.20 2AO 1 set each, top and bottom fullers, %inch, t inch, 
! inch ................................ . 2.20 2.40 1 post drill, Champion, No. 96 .............. . 11.50 12.00 l 40-pound blacksmith vise, 3-k-inch jaws ..... . 4.50 5.00 6 twist drills, t inch, straight shank; 2 each, 
! inch, i inch, t inch ................... . 1.60 1.75 
2 center punches .......................... . .20 .25 

Manual Training in the High School 21 
3 tinner's hand snips, P. S. & W., No. 6! ..... . 7.50 8.00 l tinner's stake, P. S. & W., No. 4 .......... . 8.50 9.00 2 riveting hammers, P. S. & W., No. 5 ....... . .70 .80 2 rivet sets and headers, No. 4, P. S. & W., 46 .. .50 . 50 3 soldering seb::, P. S. & W., No. 11 ........ . 1.05 l. 05 1 tinner's fire pot, cast iron, P. S. & W., No. 1 .. 3.25 3.50 1 heavy work bench, estimate .. ... .. . .. . .... . 5.00 10.00 
$146.05 $160.30 
Complete Eqitiprnent for Forging and Sheet Metal Work, for 
Cl1iss of 6. 

5 geared blower forges, Buffalo, No. 651 . .. .. . $ 87. 50 $ 90.00 
Or Champion, No. 4-05, $27.50 each. 4 100-pound anvils, Hay-Budden or Trenton.. 44.00 48.00 1 150-pound anvil, Hay-Budden or Trenton. . . . 16 . 50 18.00 5 forge shovels .. .. .................. ... .. . .35 .50 fi forge pokers ............................ . .35 .42 5 forge ladles .. . .......................... . 1.25 2. 01) 5 hardies, lf inches ..................... .. . 1.05 1.12 5 hot chisels, 1t inches .. .......... .... .... . 1.54 l. 65 .5 ball pein hammers, lt or 1! pounds, l\faydole l. 73 2.00 5 steel squares, Nichols' No. 10 . ............ . 2 .20 2.4.0 5 pairs plain calipers, 6 inches, Sargent's . .... . .67 .83 5 tight grip tongs, No. 1 .. . ..... .. .... .... . . *3.75 fi -.}-inch flat jaw tongs, 16 inches ... .... . .. . . 1.00 1.25 5 ~-inch fiat jaw tongs, 16 inches ............ . 1.25 1.50 ,5 1-inch flat jaw tongs, 16 inches .......... . 1.25 1. 50 5 ~-inch flat jaw tongs, 1G inches .. ... ....... . 1.50 1. G5 3 ~-inch bolt tongs ... ... .. . ..... . ...... ... . l.75 1.85 5 t -inch bolt tongs .. .... .. . ........... . ... . 1. 75 1.85 5 leather aprons, split, A grade, 26x36 inches .. 6.25 6.25 2 cross pein sledge hammers, 5 pounds....... . .80 .90 3 :flatters, 2 inches ........... ... .......... . 1.47 1. G5 3 set hammers, 1t inches ............ ...... . .84 .90 3 handled cold chisels, lt inches ........... . .90 .90 6 handled punches, 2 each, :l inch, ! inch, i inch 2 .40 3.00 
2 sets each, top and bottom swages, ~inch, i inch, 
£ inch ................................ . 4.40 4.80 2 sets each, top and bottom fullers,~ inch, i inch, 
! inch ............................... · · 4.40 4.80 2 heading tools, t inch ..................... . .70 .80 1 post <hill, Champion, No. 41 .............. . 16.00 16.50 1 40-pound blacksmith vise, 3!-inch jaws ..... . 4.50 5.00 2 center punches .......................... . .20 .25 8 straight shank twist drills, 2 each of No. 13, 
19/64 inch, 13/32 inch, 1 inch ........... . 1.34 1.40 4 straight shank twist drills.. 2 each of 3/16 inch, i inch ............................ . .32 .35 1 tap wrench and set of taps and dies for ! inch,
*inch, i inch, *inch, net size, 0. K., 5T... . 7.00 7.00 1 hack saw, Miller Falls Co.'s No. 6......... . .80 .80 4 tinner's hand snips, P. S. & W., No; 61; ..... . 10.00 10.65 1 hawk's hill shears, P. S. & W., No. 15 ...... . 3.00 3.00 1 tinner's stake, P. S. & W., Beakhorn, No. 4 .. 8.50 9.00 1 candle mold stake, P. S. & W ........... , .. 2.25 2.:.?5 1 square stake (S. & C.), P. S. & W....... . 2.65 2.65 3 riveting hammers, P. S. & W., No. 5 ....... . 1.05 1.20 2 set hammers, P. S. & W., No. 4 ............ . .50 .50 1 set hollow punches, one eacha i inch, ! inch, 
1 inch ................................. . 1.60 1.60 2 rivet sets and headers, No. 4, P. S. & W., 
No. 46 ................................ . .50 .50 6 soldering sets, P. S. & W., No. 11. ........ . 2.10 2.FI 2 tinner's fire pots, cast iron, P. S. & W., No. 1 6.50 7.00 1 heavy work bench, 2 feet wide, 12 feet long .. 5.00 15.00 
$265. 36 $291. 0;3 
Minimum Equipment for Mechanical Drawing, for Class of 12. 
12 drawing board frames, one for each work 
bench, estimate .........................$ 1.80 $ 3.00 12 drawing boards, !x16x24 inches .......... . 8.40 10.80 l 2 pear wood 'l' squares, 24 inches, K. & E., 
No. 2300 .............................. . *2.52 2.52 

12 sets drawing instruments, Frederick Po.st Co.'s 
No.  1084  ..............................  *34.80  34.80  
Or Keuffel & Esser Co.'s Excelsior, No. 9526F,  
at $2.65 each.  
12 transparent triangles, 45° 7", K. & E., Xylo­ 
nite, No.  8802,  or  Frederick Post  Co.'s No.  
1748  ...................................  *2.. 48  2.48  
12 transparent triangles, 30x60° 9", K. & E.,  
Xylonite,  No.  3803,  or  Frederick Post Co.'s  
No. 1747B  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  *2.63  2. G;3  
12  architect's  triangular  boxwood  scale~,  No.  
8881, 12 inches..........................  *3.50  3.50  
l  teacher's drawing table, Keuffel & Esser Co.'s  
No.  2599C  .............................  *11. 90  11. 90  
$ 68.03 $ 71.63 


Complete E'qu:ipment for Mechanical Drawing, for Class of J;2. 
12 drawing tables, No. 4, page 24, estimate ....$114.00 $114.00 Or Grand Rapids Hand Screw Co.'s No. 206, 
D. 'l'., $15.54 each. 12 pear wood 'l' &quares, K. & E., No. 2310... 6.48 6.48 12 sets drawing instruments, Keuffel & Esser 
Co.'s Challenger, No. 9726F, with No. 802 and No. 804 p~ns. ....... . ............... *52.80 52.80 Or Frederick Post Co.'s No. 1084, $2.90 each. 
12 transparent triangles, 45° 7", K. & E., Xylo­nite, or Frederick Post Co.'s No. 17 48B .... *3.12 3.12 12 tramparent triangles, 30x60° 9," K. & E., Xylonite, or Frederick Post Co.'s No. 174·7B. *B .12 3.12 12 architect's triangular boxwood scales, 12 .i.nches, white edgei::, K. & E., 1621W ...... . *14.40 14.40 4 transparent curves, K. & E., Xylonite, 1 each, 2, 13, 24, 27 ........................... . *1.08 1.08 1 teacher's drawing tab! e Nio. 3, page 24 ..... . 20.00 20.00 
$245.00 $245.00 

Teacher's Drawing Table No. 3. 
Drawing Table No. 4-. 
The combined cost of the equipments listed and recommended for woodwork, concrete work, forging, sheet metal work, and me­chanical drawing, will be from $487.45 to $515.37 for the mini­mum equipment, and from $951.58 to $1002.66 for the maximum. 
When power is available, either a band-saw or a saw-table should be ineluded in the general equip:.nent. Either of these machines will enable the teacher and pupils to accomplish much more in the time set aside for the shopwork, for without this means of getting out ~tock too much time must be devoted to the rougher work. 
The following machines are recommended: Oliver Variety saw table, No. 32A, $120; Oliver band saw, No. 17, 30 inch. $120; Pay and Egan band saw, No. 155, $110, and No. 330 C Variety saw, $110. For lower priced tools the following are suggested: Crescent saw table, No. 2, $93.75; Crescent band saw, 32 inch, $7S.75. 
The power required to drive either of the saw tables or either band saw will not exceed three horse power where no line shafting is used. The line shafting pulleys and belting will vary with the kind and location of the motor, but the cost will rarely exceed $25. 
Any of the following motors and gasoline engines will be found f>atisfactory: Westinghouse or General Electric Co.'s alternating current induction three phase motors; Wagoner Electric Co.'s or Century Co.'s alternating current induction single phase motors; Westinghouse or General Electric Co.'s direct current shunt wound llO or 550 volt motors; Stover Engine Work's horizontal gasoline engines. 
The following prices of motors and engines will serve as guides m completing the estimate for the complete equipment: 
Alternating Induction Motors, Complete. 
H.P. Volts. Cycle.  Phase. Speed.  Price.  
2  110  60  3  1700 to 1800 ...............$ 55.00  
3  llO  60  3  1200  ............ ......... .  71.00  
3  110  GO  3  1700 to 1800 .. . ... .........  62.00  
3  110  60  3  1200  ................. .....  82.00  

5 110 60 3 1700 to 1800 .......... ..... 72 .00 

Alternating Induction Single Phase Motors. 
H.P. Volts. Cycle. Speed. 2 110 or 220 60 1750 ;~ 110 or 2:W 60 1750 5 110 or 220 60 1750 
5 110 or 220 60 1165 5 110 or 220 60 870 Price. .............. . ....$ 90.00 ...... ... .... ... .... 110. 00 .... . ............... 136.00 .............. ...... 171.00 ............ .... .... 208.00 
Direct Current Shnnt Wonnd :MotorR, Complete with Slide Rails, 
H.P. Volts. Speed. 2 110 1200 2 110 1700 3 550 1350 2 550 2000 3 110 1150 3 110 1650 3 550 1800 3 550 1200 [) 110 1800 5 110 1100 5 550 1800 5 550 1200 5 550 2000 5 550 1350 Rheostat and Pulley. 
Price . . . ......... . ... .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . $ 92.00 .................. . . . . . ... . . . . . 69.00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .. . . . . ..... 98.00 . . .. . ... . . . .. ................... 73.00 .. . . . .... ... ... . .. . . . . . ........ 113.00 ................. .. . . . . . . .... . . . 95.00 ....................... . . . . . . . ... 98.00 . . ...... .. . . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . . . . 120.00 
... . . . ......................... 113.00 ................... . . . . . . .. . .. . . 140.00 ......... . . .. . . . . . . . .. . .. . ... . . . 125.00 ...... .. . . . . . . ... . .. . . . . . .. . . 150.00 
. . . . . .. . . . . .. .............. ... 121.00 
............. . . . . . . . ............ 145.00 

Prices of Gasoline Engines-Stover Horizontal Engines, 4-Cycle, 
with Water 'rank and Muffler. 
4 H. P ........................................ . ...$140.00 
t3 H.P . .. ................................. ...... . . 250.00 
8 H. P .............. . .......... .. ............ ..... 300.00 

BQUlPMEN'r POR COURSES IN GROUP II. 
'l'he specifications of tools when not given may be found in the list of equipment for Group I. 
M,t'.nimum Eqwipment for Bench Woodwork-Individual Tools for Class of 16. 
16 try-squares, No. 20 ............... .......$ 2.15 $ 3 .0;) 16 two-foot rules, No. 1 ................... . 2.30 2·.66 l 6 marking gauges, No. 77 ..... ............ . 3.98 4.00 16 jackplanes, No. 5C, or V. B. M., 14 ....... . 26.40 30.lfl 16 tanged firmer chisels, 1 inch, No. 30 ...... . 5.85 5.85 16 tanged firm er chisels, t inch, No. 30 ....... . 6.40 6.67 l 6 tanged firmer chisels, 1 inch, No. 30 ...... . 7.53 8.:rn 16 cabinet :oaw!'l, Disston's No. 80, 14 inches .. . 10.00 10.35 16 :Maple bench hooks ......... ....... ..... . 4.00 4.00 16 bench dusting brushes, No. 502, 8 inches .. . 3.34 3.34 16 single work benches, No. 1, with Wilcox rapid acting vise, 230S, No. 1, and Cincinnati Tool Co.'s bench i::top .... .................... . 192.00 192.00 
$263.95 $270.42 
Genera.Z E'quiprnent. 
General equipment listed for Group I. ........$ 62.79 $ 64.70 ti spoke shave~, No. 54 .................... . 2.35 2.35 4 metal T bevels, No. 18 .. . .. . ............. . 1.29 1.33 3 extension dividers, No. 51. ............... . 1.17 1.17 1 hand ><aw, 26 inches, 7 points, No. 8 ........ . 1.33 1.35 2 copmg saws, No. 40 ......... .. . .. ... .. .. . 1.10 1..10 1 ratchet brace, 8-inch sweep, Barber's No. 733 1.35 1.35 3 each of auger bits, t inch, '~ inch, ~ inch ..... 2.16 3.38 8 adze-eye, bell-face claw hammers, Stanley or Mayclole, 10 ounces................... . . . 3.20 3.GO 2 pairs steel bar clamps, 3 feet. ............. . 5.60 5.GO 4 pairs steel spindle hand screws, 10 inches . . 2.88 2.88 
$ 85.22 $ 88.Sl 
Complete Eq·uipment for Bench Woodwork, for Class of 16. 
INDIVIDUAL TOOLS. 
16 each of tools listed in individual equipment for class of 12, Group I. .................$404. 85 $424. 60 16 block planes, Stanley's 9t, or Sargent's V. B. 
NL, 5306 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11. 20 12. 00 16 Champion screwdrivers, 6 inches. . . . . . . . . . 4. 00 4. 00 16 metal T bevels, No. 18. . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . 4. 00 4. 00 
$424.05 $444.60 
General Equipment. 
General equipment listed for Group I. ........$112 .41 $116. 99 3 extension dividers, 6 inches................ 1.17 1.17 3 socket mortise chisels, ~ inch, No. 48. . . . . . . . 2. 25 2.2:5 3 socket mortise chisels, i inch, No. 48. . . . . . . . 2 . 50 2.50 1 joiner plane, No. 607 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 . 80 2.85 5 cabinet scrapers, 3x5 inches. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. 00 1.00 4 hand saws, 26 inch, 7 point, Disston's No. 8. . 5. 32 5.38 2 rip saws, 26 inch, 6 points, Disston's No. SD.. 2. 75 3.04 4 each -l-inch, 1-inch, 1-inch socket firmer 
gouges, Buck Bros. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7. 00 7.80 2 ratchet braces, 8-inch sweep, Barber's No. 
733A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... 3.00 3.00 l set auger bits, Nos. 4 to 16. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4. 50 5.50 2 screwdriver bits. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 .40 4 pairs steel bar clamps, 2-l feet. . . . . . . . . . . . . 9. 80 9.80 4 pairs steel spindle hand screws, 10 inches, Oli­
ver's Peerless . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *2. 88 2.88 8 carving sets, S .•J. Addis' No. 13. . . . . . . . . . . *21. 60 21.60 1 wood trimmer, Oliver's IA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *35. 00 35.00 1 hand joiner, 6 inches round head, Oliver's 
144B, with guard. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85. 00 85.00 1 wall tool case, estimated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40. 00 40.00 
$339.28 $347.16 
Minimum Equipment for Wood Turning, for Class of 8. 
8 Wells' manual training lathes~ 12 inches by ±  
feet, on long legs and with Idler under drive. *$460. 80  $460. 80  
1 motor, 5 H. I'., direct current. . . . . . . . . . . . .  113. 00  150. 00  
Or 5 H. P . induction motor, $72.  
8  sets  wood  turner's  tools,  consist  of  1  each,  
1-inch straight gouge,  ~-inch turner's gouge,  
1-inch  turner's  gouge,  1-inch  turner's skew  
chisel. 
 t-inch  tnrner's  skew  chisel,  ~-inch  
round  nosed chisel,  ~--inch cutting off chisel,  
Buck Bros.'  or  D. R. Barton's... . ... . .... .  29.00  32.00  
8 steel oilers, P. W. Mfg. Co.'s No. 304, ~ pint  .80  .90  
8 pairs 6-inch outside calipers, Starrett\:; Xo. .26  3.20  ±.00  
8 pairs 6-inch inside calipers, Starrett's No. 27  3.20  4.00  
8 hickory mallets, 3.x 5 inches ... . ... . ....... .  .92  1.17  
8 two-foot rules, Stanley's No. 1....... . .. . .. .  l.16  1.34  
8  bench  dusting brushes,  Brornwell's  Xo.  502,  
8 inches  ............................. . .  1. 67  1. 6"1  
$611.05  $655 . 88  
romplete Eq11i7nn enf for Trood Turni~ng.  
8 motor drive turning lathes with A. C. motors,  
12-inch swing, 3(i inches between centers, F.  
E. \Vells. & Son Co.'s ........ .. ..... . .... *$891. 20  $891. 20  
Or F. E. Tiecd Co.'s New Model. $140 each,  
or  Oliver Co.'s No. 55, $138 each.  
8 sets turner's tools, consisting of 1 each, 1-inch  
"'traight  gouge,  I{-inch  skew  chisel ,  I-inch  
skew  chisel,  ~-inch skew  chisel,  :!-inch  sk8w  
chisel , I{-incl1 turner's gouge, I-inch turner's  
gouge, ~-inch turner's gouge, g--inch c:ntting off  
chisel, ~-inch round nosed chisel, Buck Bros.'  
or D. R.  Barton Co.'s .... . . . ............ .  45.00  50 .00  
8 pairs 6-inch outside calipers, Starrett's No. 26  3.20  4.00  
8 pairs 6-inch inside calipers, Starrett's No. 27  3.20  4.00  
8 hickory mallets, 3x5 inches ............... .  .92  1.17  
8 two-foot rules, Stanley's No. I ............ .  1.16  l.;H  

8 bench dusting brushes, Bromwell's No. 502, 8 inches .... .. .. .... . ....... ... . ... .. . . . 1. 67 l.Gi' 8 steel oilen::, P. W. l\ffg. Co.'s No. 304, {-pint .80 
$946.65 $954.28 
Jiinimum Equipment for 8heet Metal, Fo1·ging, arvd Machine 
Shopwork for a Class of 12. 

Equipment foted for "Sheet l\fetal and Forging, Group I" ............. .... ............ .. $265. 36 $291. 02 
6 	sets, individual tools, Starrett's No. 900 or No. 901 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
1 	swivel vise, 4.-inch or 4~-inch jaws, Athol Ma­chine Co.'s No . 710, or Reed Mfg. Co.'s No. 204~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . 
2 stationary base viioes, 3i-inch jaw, Athol Ma­chine Co.'s No. 711. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Or Reed Mfg. Co.'s No. 103~, $4.50 each. 
3 	ball pein hammers, 13; pounds, Maydole or 
Stanley . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Starrett's No. 202 micrometer. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Starrett's ~o. 4, screw pitch gauge. . . . . . . . . l Starrett's No. 155, screw pitch gauge. . . . . . . . 1 Starrett's No. 52, surface gauge. . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Starrett's No. 106 speed indicator. . . . . . . . . . Material for work bench to be made by pupils. . 
1 engine lathe, 12 inches by 5 feet, with com­pound rest and spindle_, with Morse taper, 
27 .00  27. 90  
7. 50  8.00  
10. 68  10 .68  
1. 06  1.20  
4 .13  4.150  
. 94  1.00  
1 .13  1.2;)  
1. 50  1. 75  
1 . 13  1.25  
10. 00  15 .00  

Reed Prentice Co.'s ...... . .... . .. . .. .. . .. *290 . 00  290.00  
Or Champion Co.'s.  
1 drill pre!'s, Rockford, 14 inches, power feed,  
fitted with No. 2 Morse taper sleeve. . . . . . . .  *57. 00  57.00  
1 crank shaper, 16 inches, Stockbridge, single  
geared  .... . . ... . . . . .. . ....... . . . .. . .. . . '*325. 00  325 .00  
Or Rockford, 14 inches.  
1 Detroit, No. 3, emery grinder . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  37. 25  38.2·5  
1 power hack saw, Miller Falls, No. 89 . . . . . . . .  18 .44  19.50  
1 breast drill and chain chuck, Miller Falls, No.  
2.5  . ... . ...... . ... .. .... . ............. .  2. 60  3.00  

1 5-H. P. A. C. motor, 3 phase or single phase  *72 .00  136 .00  
Pulleys, belting, etc ...... . .. . .. . . . ...... .. .  50.00  75.00  
1 Westcott's 10~-inch independent lathe chuck,  
with four jaws, with face plate casting ... ·...  *H.80  14.80  
Westcott's  8-inch  geared  combination  lathe  
chuck_, three jaws, with face plate casting ....  16.10  16.10  
1 Little Giant drill chuck, No. 1, fitted to lathe  
spindle  ........ . ....................... .  6.65  6.65  
1 set of Armstrong lathe tools, consisting of 1  
each, straight shank No. lS, boring tool, No.  
9, with bushing and t-inch bar.  Drill holder  
No. 2.  Cut-off, No. 31R.  Right hand side  
tool,  No.  71H . ......................... .  8.60  8.60  
l  Armstrong planer tool, No. 401. ... .. . .... .  *2.45  2.'t5  

In addition to the .above equipment, a large number of small special tools will be needed, but these should be selected by the; teacher with special reference to the exercises and projects planned. 'l'hese small tools will cost from $25 to $50, making the total for the complete equipment from $1256.32 to $1405.50. 
Minfrnum Equi71rnent for Mechanical Draw1:ng, for Class of 16. 
16 drawing honrd frarnce . ..................$ 2.40 $ 4.00 
16 drawing boards .............. .......... . 11.20 14.40 
1 teacher's drawing table ......... .......... . 11. 90 11.90 

$ 25.50 $ 30.30 
Complete Equipm.ent for llfechanical Drau:ing for Class of 16. 
16 drawing tables, No. 4 ................ ....$192.00 $192.00 48 drawing boards. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.60 43.20 1 teacher's clrawing table. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20. 00 20. 00 l cabinet for material and for students' drawings 15. 00 15. 00 
$260.60 $282.20 Pupils should furnish their own drawing instruments. The combined cost of the equipment recommended for wood­work, turning, sheet metal, forging, machine shopwork, and me­chanical drawing for ~chools in Group JI will be from $2241 to 
$2450.90 for the minimum and from $3186.90 to $3433.75 for the maximum. 
EQUIPMENT FOR THE "MODERN MANUAL TRAINING HIGH SCHOOL. 
The selection of a complete equipment for the large city high school and the perfecting of plans for the proper installment of thi8 equipment constitute a complicated engineering problem. This problem can be successfully sohed only by an expert who is familiar with eYery factor that might affect the manual training depart­ment. The plan of the builcling, details of construction of the building, general organization of the school, course of stndy, and the size and schedule oi prop0sec1 classes must be considered minutely. 
As almost all of the large city high schools have fairly good equipment for shopwork and mechanical drawing, or have com­petent supervisors who can plan all changes and additions needed, no special list of equipment for thef'e schools is given in this bulletin. The list of equipment given for "Group II" should be sufficient to guide any school just sbrting a manual training department. However, the University, through its visitor of schools, is ready at all times to assist any school dealing with this problem. 
LOCA'I'ION AND PLAN OF SHOPS. 
The efficiency of the manual training department of any school depends to a great extent upon the location of the laboratorie8 in relation to other departments. If the shop is located so as to cam;e the noise incident to hand-tool and machine operations to disturb dasses engaged in recitations, trouble is sure to arise, and some of the operatiom will have to be postponed until after school. 
The shape, size ancl character of the room are very important factors in the success or failure of the work. Poor arrangement of equipment, poor light, poor ventilation, and lack of working !'pace for each pupil are the causes of the bad results found in many schools. 
Where rooms in an old building must be used it is often very difficult to select the ones best suited to the needs of the manual training work. A consideration of the following requirements, however, will ai.d in the proper selection of rooms and in planning a sa~isfactory installation of the equipment. 
Location.-Machinery should be installed on the ground floor. This is necessary, generally, in order to liaYe firm foundations for machines. If overhanging shafting is to be nsecl and the building h~ of frame construction the i::hop should not be under a classroom. 'J'he vibration would be intolerable in the classroom. Partitions and floors between shops and classrooms should be thoroughly dead­ened to prevent the transmission of sonnc1. Washrooms should be near the shops, otherwise each shop should be provided with one or more wash basins conveniently located within the shop. The drawing room should be located near the woodworking shop, but need not be on the same floor. 
Lighting.-Abundant light is very essential for shopwork and for mechanical drawing. Exact mechanical work, such as sawing or cutting to knife lines, if attempted under any but the best lighting conclitiom, is sure to result in poor work and badly strained eyes. It would be far better to use a poorly lighted room for Latin, or geometry classes than for pupils trying any form of fine mechanical operations. The light should come from in front of, and to th€ left, of the worker. If artificial light must be used, a drop light should be placed above the back left hand corner of each bench, as well as over every other station occupied by the workers. '\'indo\\·s 8honlcl extend up close to the ceiling. North light is especially desirable for the clasE= in mechanical dr.awing. 
Ventilation.--'l'he shops should be well ventilated, as an abun­dance of fresh air if' necessary to pupils engaged in vigorous exer­cise of mind and body. The working positions bring the pupils in close contact with much finely divided dust, coming from the material worked upon. It is important to eliminate this dmt l:'.S quickly as possible by a good circulation of fresh <lir. 
'l'he shop should have good heating facilities, so that the tem­perature can be controlled without interfering with the proper ven­tilation. l\loist warm air should not be admitted into a cold room where tools and machinery are kept, as the cold metal will become covered with moisture, which will cause the rusting of the iron and steel parts. 
Basements with floors that a.re more than two feet below the 
surface of the school ground should not be used for shopg, as such rooms often become cooler than the outside atmosphere. 
& I I ' I<-+a· -.:.111-.:­+ ~ ID~D ocn DDH DD D DD DD DD GDD DD CJ 25~d'X32'-0 SCALEg•I' J J  0  

The above plan shows a satisfactory arrangement of equipment for bench woodwork and mechanical drawing. The plan contem-· plates the use of twelve (B) No. 1 or No. 2 single benches, pro­vided with drawing board frames to fit top of the benches; twelve 
( C) tablet arm chairs, one (A) teacher's drawing table, two (D) drawing board cabinets, one (F) saw table or band saw, one (I) tool case, one ( G) glue and paint table, and two ( J) lumber rack<>. 
Floors.-All shops except the forge shop and the foundry should have wooden floors. Such :floors are far more comfortable than are concrete or brick :floors, and cause less damage to tools thal may fall upon the floor. 
Space.-'J'be amount and the shape of the floor space required for each laboratory and auxiliary room will depend upon the t<ize of the class, the type of equipment, and the kind of work to be done. 
Eighteen by twenty-six £cet, 22x22 feet, or 1Gx30 feet are dimen­sions of rooms suitable for shops for bench woodwork and me­chanical drawing for a class of twelve pupils. These small rooms would not afford sufficient demonstration space, or space for ma­chinery; 26x32 or 25x34 feet are climensions of rooms suitable for bench woodwork and mechanical drawing, and provide space for demonstration and for a hand sa.w or a table saw. 
A room 2-+x38 feet, with windows on two sides and on one end, would afford excellent space and good arrangement for a class · of twelve pupill" in bench woodwork, mechanical drawing, carpentry, furniture making, and concrete work. It would also provide ample space for demonstrations and for a hand saw or table saw; 20x25 or 15x36 feet are dimension::; suitable for a drawing room to accom­modate a class of twelve. 
A study of the lay-out shown in the plan on page 34 will give other detailed information, such as the spacing of equipment, needed in planning a shop for any size clast<. 
DETAII.ED OUTLINES ·oF SHOPWORK. 
The problems and the arrangement of the work giYen in th•: following outlines are merely suggestiYc. They may be altered by the teacher to meet local conditions and individual needs. Thi; purpose has been to outline courses containing the fundamental elements and processes est<ential to every good course in shopwork. 'l'hese courses are sufficiently organized to enable the trained teaclwr to secure definite, desirable results. 'l'he instruction and execution of the work t<hould awaken and hold the interest of the pupil and cause him to acquire the following: 
(a) 
Skill in the correct practical use of tools and machine~. 

(b) 
Knowledge of materials m:ed; of tools and machines, their design, development, and use in the industries; of mechanic,tl processes, prineipal operatiom:, arrangement of operationi', time required; of principles oi' decorative and structural de:0ign. 

(f) 
Habits of neatness, accuracy, and industry. 

(g) 
Right appreciation of labor and of the works of indm;­


( c)  Ability to read and make working drawings.  
(d)  Power of mechanical analysis.  
( e)  Increase in initiative and inventive ability.  

trial art. GROUP SYSTEM. 
The arrangement of the course with a number of ,;imilar prob­lems in each group, enables the teacher to give class instruction planned for in advance of the current lesson. This makes it pos­sible to give better prepared demonstrations, and avoids the need­less repetition so common to other systems. The apt pupil will complete two or more problems of the group while the slow pupil may complete but one before the next class of work or group is taken np hy the class. Of course, any problem not finished when the new group is taken up should be completed by the pupil before he starts a problem in the new group. It is important, however, that the instruction be applied, to some extent, soon after it is given; and the teacher should see that each pupil not ready to start a new model completes a small exercise before again proceeding with the old model. By the careful use of exercises and selection of problems, the class can be kept close together. 
SUBJECT-MATTER _-\.XD RELATED INFORMATION. 
In the ontlines of shopwork the study of tools, processes, and principles of construction is clearly indicated. The pupil is con­cerned with this subject-matter at once. He recognizes it as a means to his immediate end of making some model. There is much other useful knowledge closely refated to or suggested by the problems undertaken by the pupil. Although not necessary to the immediate success of the work, this related matter is important educationally and can be woven into the course by a proper treato rncnt of the problems and lessons. 
SUPPLE~fF.N"TAL WORK. 
As the amount of work that can he done by the pupil during the regular shop period is very small, the models mm1t, as a rule, he small or few in number. It is doubtful if more than two double periods of the regular school day can be justly devoted to manual training each day; but as the pupils are generally anxious for more time in the shop, the school should provide for the use of the shop after school hours and on a part of Saturday, thus enabling the pupils to undertake larger projects. Such shopwork and drawing done after school or any handtool work done at home, if done entirely by the pupil and under the direction of the teacher, should give the pupil credit towards high i:-chool graduation. 'l'he granting of one or one-half unit of credit towards graduation would, no doubt, encourage a kind of after school work of great educational and practical value. The design, the working drawing, and the plan of work, should be approvetl by the teacher if the work is to be presented for credit. 
As a rule, the model or work undertaken, should fit in with the group of work, in the outline, which the pupil is dealing with in the regular shop period, or else should fit in with one of the groups just below. In case the project as a whole does not fit in with the group, then any parts of the project that may fit in with the group could be selected as the basis of credit. 
The pupil should be required to keep an accurate record of the time devoted to the model or work, and should report the progress of the work from time to time. An inspection of the work should he provided for, and great care should be exercised in establishing the worth of any piece of work. In doing this, not only the fin­ished project, but the tools used and all conditions affecting the pupil's efforts, should be considered. 
WOODWORK. 
(A) 	Bench Work. (See note at bottom of this page.) 
(
1) Laying out with rule, pencil and try-square; cross­cut sawing; fastening with nails. New Tools-Rule, try-square, cross-cut saw, ham­mer. 

Problems-Flower 	pot ben~h, dry plate rack, seed germinating box, test exercise. 

(2) 	
Surfacing with plane, gauging, rip sawing. ~ew Tools-Smoothing plane or jack plane, mark­ing gauge, rip saw. 

Problems-P.Jower trellis, 	cover for poultry drink­ing or feed trough. 

(3) 	
Squaring up stock, sawing to knife lines, chamfer­ing with plane and chisel, boring, sand papering. 


New Tools-Knife, back saw, chisel, brace and bit, sand paper. Problems-Hat rack, rule, octagonal paper file, table mat, specimens of wood. 
(
4) 	Paring with chisel-chiseling out dado, vertical cut­ting, cutting round corners, planing end of stock with block plane, fastening with screws. 

New 'rools-Block plane, countersink, screwdriver. Problems-Tool rack, bench hook, magazine rack. 

(
5) 	Sawing and modeling simple curved outlines. New Tools-Coping saw, turning saw, spoke shave, file. Problems-Oval table mat, bread board, coat hanger. 


NoTE.-Where woodwork is taught in the grammar grades, the high school work should be started with the work outlined under Advanced Bench Work, and should include more of the advancer! work. 
(
6) 	Modeling simple curved forms. New Tools-Drawing knife. Problems-Hatchet handle, hammer handle, spoke 

shave or scraper stock, canoe paddle. 

(
7) 	Gouging, line carving, tinted designs. New 'rools-Outside ground gouges, scrapers, vein­ing tools. 

Problems-Pen 	tray, desk tray, bread tray, book rack. 

(
8) 	l.A>w relief carving. New Tools-Carvers' gouges and chisels, back­ground tools. 

Problems-Blotter 	holder, paper file, ends of book rack. 

(9) 	
Rabbeting with rabbet plane, laying out for accu­


racy by superposition, half lap joint. New Tools-Rabbet plane, cabinet scraper. Problems-Exercise, picture frame, mirror frame. 
(B) 	AdvancP.d Bench Work. 
(1) 	Box construction with accurately fitted butt, rabbet, and dado joints; fastening with brads and glue. 
New 	Tools-Nail set, hand screws. 
Problems-Stationery box, card catalogue case, half peck and peck measure, egg tester, knife and fork box. 
(2) 	Mortise and tenon joints-slip mortise and tenon, through mortise and tenon, blind mortise and tenon, and keyed mortise and tenon. 
:New Tools-Mortise gauge, mortise chisel. Problems~Exercises. 
(3) 	
Glued joints-butt, splined, and doweled. Kew Tools-Plow, winding sticks. Problems-Level stock, T square. 

(
4) 	Miter joints-butt and splined. New tools-Miter box, frame clamp. Problems-Exercise required. Picture or mirror 


frame, glove box, clock case, tray. 
(5) 	Dove-tail joints-single halving, through multiple, and lap multiple, veneering, inlaying, hinge set­ting. 
New 	Tools-~,ret saw and frame, veneer press or clamps. Problems-Exercises, glove box, jewel box, tea caddie, tea tray. 
( C) 	Furniture and Cabinet Construction. 
(
1) 	Review of principles and processes given in (A). 

Problems-Taboret 	with glued up top, mortise and tenon construction; combination footstool and shoe polish box, magazine stand. 

(2) 	
Board construction, art metal trimmings. New 'fools-Power jointer, saw table. Problems-Music cabinet, cedar chest, settee with 


hinged top. 
(
3) 	Framed structures, fume and wax finish. New Tools-Band saw. Problems-Dining chair, Morris chair, arm rocker. 

(
4) Panel structures, drawer and drawer mechanism. Problems-Small cabinet, desk. 


(D) Carpentry. 
(1) 	
Forms for concrete work. (See Concrete Con­struction.) 

Problems-Fence 	post, pier, foundation wall, feed or drinking trough, stile block, pedestal, flower box, garden !"eat. 

(2) 
Elements of frame buildings. 

(a) 
Framing. 

Problems-Model 	of corner of house embrac­ing sills, joists, bridging, corner post, stud::; and openings; model of corner embracing standard methods of enclosing and floor­ing; model of hip roof embracing sheath­ing and shingles. 

(b) 
Imide trim. 


Problems-Model 	corner of room embracing flooring, base, window, door, and wainscot. 
(E) Stair Construction. 
Problems-Model of plain straight stair embracing newel, hand rail and balusters. 
SUGGESTIVE rrREA'TMEN'l' OF PROBLEMS. 
PROBLEMS.  DRAWING AND DESIGN.  MATERIAL.  TOPICS FOR CLASS DISCUSSION OR FOR HOME WORK.  
(A) Benchwork: (1) (2)  Full size working drawing on blackboard given to work from. Drawing to be compared with model. Other structural designs to be sketched in note-book. Working drawings, scale i" or !"=1", given to work from. Some dimensions to be found by use of scale. Design selected from several given.  Cypress or yellow pine, No. 1 common s2s ripped to required widths. Several boards of No. 1 common and of clear lumber for inspec­tion. Wire brads and nails. Clear cypress sls. Stock cut to size, allowing for ripping to be done by pupil. Stock bill to be made out by pupil.  Geographical distribution of cy­press and pine forests. Logging, Sawing, Grading of lum­ber. Board meaimre. Review of (1). Stock bills. Cost of lumber. Kind and sizes of nails. ManufactUre of nails.  
(3)  Free hand sketches and working drawings made by pupils from models. Drawings to be in note-books.  Clear red gum or yellow poplar (rough stock). Beeswax, turpentine.Specimens of popla:i:, cypress and yellow pine for study of grain, cross section, hardness, etc. Observations to be recorded in note-book.  Geographical distribution of for­ests continued. Difference between hard woods and soft woods. Pure and mixed forests. Wood structure. Beeswax and tJrpentine.  


SUGGESTIVE TREATMENT OF PROBIEMS--<!ontinued. 
PROBLEMS 
(4) 

(5) 

(6) 


DRAWING AND DESIGN. 
Working drawings, scale i"= 1", and full size details given to work from. 
Isometric drawings of other de­signs, given to show relation of design to function and con­struction. 
Working drawings, scale i" or t"=l", made by pupil from blackboard sketches giving principal dimensions. Design of edge to be made bypupil. Original design submitted by pupil to be used instead of de­sign given when two models in group are made. 
Working drawings, full size given to work from. 
Working drawings made by pupil from model, for use in case two models in group are made. 
MATERIAL. 
Clear red or white oak. s2s. 
Drawings, in note-book, of cross section and tangential section of specimens of (3) and of oak. 
Part of each section stained, and absorbing quality of each part recorded. 
White pine, gum, or poplar s2s 
Bleached shellac, grain alcohol. 
Sand paper. 
Straight grain hickory or ash. 
Specimens for study of strength, hardness, bending quality, etc., of hickory, ash, oak and pine. 
Boiled linseed oil. 
TOPICS FOR CLASS DISCUSSION 
OR FOR HOME WORK. 

Kinds of oak. 
Plain and quarter sawn lumber. 
Method of sawing. 
Wood Structure. 0 
Method of seasoning. 


-
Meaning of design-structural and decorative. Kind and size of screws. 
Composition of wood. 
Growth and life of the forest tree. 
Forest fires. 
Destructive lumbering. 
Woods suitable for buildings, c 

furniture, woodenware, etc. 
-

Purpose of wood finishes. Shellac, alcohol, sand paper. Principles of design. 
Woods suitable for wagon stock, 
handles, implements, etc. Seasoning of hard woods. Design-size and form governed 
hv use as shown by many types 
of handles. 

(7) and (8) 
(9) 
(B) Advanced Benchwork. 
(1) 
(2) 
Designs developed and working drawings made by pupil from blue prints giving details of construction, limiting dimen­sions, suggestive outlines and decorative designs. 
Decorative design rendered in color. 
Working drawings made at home on note-book page. 
Limiting dimensions of moulding and of frame given on blue print. 
Color of wood or stain selected to suit picture and interiOJ' trim. 
Design and working drawing made by pupil from statement of requirements and limiting dimensions. 
Free hand perspective sketches, by pupil, from working draw­ings of joints. 
Sketches to be in note-book. 
Yellow poplar or magnolia s2s. Water stains for tinted designs. 
Any suitable wood used in pre­vious models. Spirit stain, filler, wax. 
1" poplar or gum, s2s, to be re­
sawn with rip saw. Good quality hide glue. Stain, shellac. 
Poplar or oak 2x2 rough stock. Stain, shellac varnish. 
Kinds of carving. 
Historic examples of carving. 
Decorative design. 
Machine carving. 
Embossing of wood. 

Picture frames-design, construc­
tion. Design of mouldings. Relation of frame to pictures. Wood fillers. 
Re-sawing of lumber. 
Veneers. 
Kinds and quality of glue. 
Manufacture of glue. 
Flint and garnet paper, steel wool. 

Choice of joints in construction. 
Structural design using joints as 

points of interest. Decorative treatment of joints. Varnish. Varnish finish. Rubbed finisn. Machine-made joints. 

SUGGES'rIVE TREATMENT OF PROBLEMS---<!ontinued. 
PROBLEMS. 
(3) 
(4) 
(5) 
(C) 	Furniture and Cabinet Construction. 
(1) 
DRAWING AND DESIGN. 
MATERIAL. 
Working drawings furnished tol White pine, maple, birch, mahog­
work from. 
Working drawings to be made from perspective sketches and principal dimensions. 
Working drawing and decorative design in color made by pupil. 
Working drawings with full size structural details given. 
Outlines of top, legs, etc., and decorative design to be de­veloped or altered by pupir. 
any. 
Oak or mahogany stain, filler, varnish, pumice stone. 
!" red gum s2s. Birch, walnut, maple and mahog­any veneer. Material for French polish. 
Cypress or oak. Stain and wax. 
TOPICS FOR CLASS DISCUSSION OR FOR HOME WORK. 
Mahogany forests. 
Substitutes for mahogany. 
Imitations of mahogany found in 

furniture. 
Manufacturing method of making glued joints, built up stock as 0 cores for doors. 
-

Varnishes and varnish material. 
Rubbed and polished finish as used on pianos and other fine woodwork. 
Interior decoration. 
Manufacturing of rotary cut 
veneers. Veneer panels. Bending of wood after steaming. Decorative design. 

Joints and other details used in 
furniture construction. Interior decoratirm. Manufacture of furniture. 
(2), (3), (4) Original designs and workingdrawings by pupils. 
Requir£:ments of model, struc­tural details, and limiting di­mensions developed by class. 
(D) Carpentry. 
(1) 	WorkiJig drawings of models and of forms furnished to work from. 
Any suitable wood selected bypupil. 
Yellow pine. 
No. 2, common, rough. 
No. 1, common, s2s. 

Furniture design and construc­tion. 
Art metal work. 
Interior decoration. 
Concrete. Requirements of wood forms for concrete casting. 
Concrete construction. Concrete work in progress in city or in neighborhood of school. 
(2) 
Floor plans, elevations and detail Yellow pine and cypress-No. 1 
Architecture. working drawings given to 
common, rough, sls and s2s, 
Building trades. work from. 
and clear, s2s. 
(E) Stair 
Buildi:9g. 
Same as for (D), (2). 

Same as for (D), (2). 
Same as for (D), (2). 

CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION.  
( 1)  Crushing, sifting and washing material.  
Tools Used-Heavy hammer, shovels, screens, trougl1.  
Problem-Selection and preparation of aggregates.  
( 2)  Mixing and placing concrete.  
New Tools-Measuring boxes, sprinkler, mixing platform,  
tamper, spade.  
Problems-Foundation block, fence posts, drain tile.  
(3)  Finishing with wooden float and trowel.  
New Tools-Straight-edge or templet, float, trowel.  
Problems-Square or hexagonal tile, section of walk, stile  
block, chimney cap.  
( 4)  Casting hollow forms in wooden molds.  Reinforcing.  
Problems-Flower boxes, drinking and feed troughs, build­ 
ing blocks.  
( 5)  Plaster moids for simple straight line and curved forms.  
Problems-Flower boxes,  vases.  

PROBLEMS. 
(1) and (2) 
(3) 
(4)and (5) 
SUGGES'l'IVE 'fRgATMENT OF PROBLEMS. 
!:;;.J
DRAWING AND DESIGN. MATERIAL. 
TOPICS FOR CLASS DISCUSSION 
OR FOR HOME WORK. ~ 
~ ~ 
!:::. 
........ 

Sand, gravel, stone, cement, water. 
Concrete structures. 1--3 
;:$
Other uses of concrete. 
....
Source, composition and quality ~ 
~.
of river sand, bank sand, stone ~ 
<:<::>
used, cement, and other aggre­
gates. 
~· 
Manufacture of cement. 
......
.,... ""
Strength of concrete. 
Working drawings given to work Same as for (1). Concrete roads. 
~ 
from. 
Surface finish of concrete work. ""· 
<:<::>
Wearing quality of concrete. ;;:::­Manufacture of cement. 
tr.i 
<":. 
~
Working drawings to be made Same as for (2), and plaster of Decorative treatment of concrete, 0 
0
coloring. ,,._. principal dimensions. cloth.
from perspective drawings and Paris, No. 20 wire, and wire 
Water proofing.Expanded metal lath. 
Reinforcing.
Cost of concrete. 

WOOD TURNING. 
Experiments recently made in several high schools show that the traditional wood turning course, while logically and well planned as to subject-matter, violates some of the principles of good teaching. The two principles, that work should proceed from the simple to the complex, and should proceed from the easy to the more difficult, are the principles violated. The experiments show that much of the face-plate work is less difficult than any of the spindle work, and the processes involved are simpler. The fol­lowing course, therefore, places the simple face-plate wo·rk first. This arrangement has the added advantages of permitting some useful models to be made early in the course, and of not requiring the exercises that demand great. skill until after the pupil has become familiar with the principle of the turning lathe and with the tools to be used. 
(A) Simple Face-plate Turning. 
(1) 	
Producing cylindrical and plane surfaces, V groovei::; use of center 8Crew. New Tools-Large skew chisel, round nose chisel, outside calipers. 

Problems-Exercise, coffee pot or flower pot stand, candlestick base. 

(2) 	
Turning low forms having profiles with curved out­lines; use of face-plate screw8; polishing with boiled oil or with wax. 


New Tools-Inside calipers, templets. Problems-Exercises, desk trays. 
(B) Spindle Turning. 
(
1) 	Turning plain cylinders-single and in combina­tions. New Tools-Plain gouge, turner's gouge, cut-off tool. 

Problems-Exercise, towel roller, beam for marking gauge. 

(2) 
·Turning tapers and V grooves. 


Problems-Exercise, 	molder's gate pins, dibhle, mandrels. 
(3) 	
Convex and bead cuts. 
Problems-Exercises. 


(
4) 	Concave cuts. 
Problems-Exercises. 


(
5) 	Concave and convex cuts with gouge, polishing. 


Problems-Exercises, 	chisel handles, candlesticks, Indian clubs, drawing forms, gavel heads. 
(C) 	Advanced Face-plate Work. 
(
1) Use of cup chuck. New Tools--lnside calipers. Problems-Picture frame, towel ring, paper weight. 

(2) 	
Boring, finishing on mandrel between centers or on 

pin chuck. Problems-Napkin rings, rope pulley. 

(
3) 	Turning boxes and covers. Problems-Jewel box, collar box. 


SUGGESTIVE TREAT:\IENT OF PROBLEMS. 
An even grained soft or hard wood may be used for the exer­cise!';.. Some suitable hardwood or built up stock should be used for the other problems. All exercises suggested for spindle turn­ing should be required. 
PROBLEMS.  DRAWING AND DESIGN.  RELATED TOPICS FOR CLASS DISCUSSION OR FOR HOME WORK.  
(1) and (2)  Full size working drawings given to work from. Note-book sketches of simi­lar models applying princi­ples of design to turned forms.  History and development of the turning lathe. How to figure speeds and sizes of pulleys. Lacing belts.  
(b) (1), (2), (3) and (4)  Working drawings made by pupil from models. Collection by class of illus­trations of forms of revo­lution showing good de­sign.  The use of wood turning in pattern making, furniture making, and in mill work.  

PROBLEMS. 
(5) 
(c) 
(1) and (2) 
(3) 
DRAWING AND DESIGN. 
Original designs and work­ing drawings made by pupil from statement of requirements. 
Working drawings given to work from. 
Original designs and work­ing drawings made bypupil. 
Other designs collected bypupil. 
RELATED TOPICS FOR CLASS 
DISCUSSION OR FOR 
HOME WORK. 

Different designs of turning lathes. 
Lathes for special purposes, as for turning handles, gun stocks, etc. 
Different methods of driving lathes. 
Variety lathe. 
Use of waste lumber. 
Observations concerning wood turning in the local industries visited. Methods used, kind and quality of work turned out, amount of work done by an experienced man. 
Cost of wood turning. 
SH EET  METAL  WORK.  
(1)  Laying out pattern, cutting, punching, bending.  
New Tools-Square, scriber, dividers, punch, snips.  
Problems-1\fatch safe, box corners.  
(2)  Pattern drafting, riveting.  
New 'l'ools-Tinner' s stake, rivet set, rivet hammer.  
Problems- Flue thimble, taper pipe joint  with side open­ 
ing for square pipe.  
(3)  Soldering.  
New Tools-Soldering iron, furnace or fire pot.  
Problem-Cake cutters, dust trays, boxes.  
( 4)  Turning edges-burs,  seams, wired edges.  
New 'l'ools-l\fallet, fiat  stake, round stake.  
Problems-Punnel, measuring cup, square cake-pan.  
( 5)  Brazing.  
New Tools-Blow  torch, tongs.  
Problems-Sneet iron  ferrule.  

Manual Training in the High Scho<Jl 
ART METAL WORK (COPPER AND BRASS). 
(A) 	
Flat Work. 

(1) 	
Laying out, drilling, cutting, and sawing outline. Xew Tools-Hand drill, rnips, jeweler's saw file. Problems-Escutcheons, hinge tails, watch fob. 

(
2) 	Bending, folding. Kew Tools-:Yiallet, vise, hammer. Problem-Pad corners, box corners, hinges. 

(3) 	
Soldering. New Tools-Soldering iron, blow pipe. Problems-Match safe, toothpick holder, stamp box, 

picture frame. 

(
4) 	Riveting. New Tools-Rivet set. Problem-Lamp shade, sconce, book rack. 



(B) 	
Raised Forms. 

(
1) Shallow forms. New Tools-Wooden blocks, sand bag, special stake.,;, raising and planishing hammers. 

Problems-Desk trays, reflector for sconce (A) (4), top of box. 

(
2) 	Deep forms. 
New Tools-Special stakes. 
Problems-Small bowls. 




(
C) 	Decorative Treatment of Surface of )fodels in (A) and (B). 


( 1) 	Polishing. 
(a) 	
By hand. 

(b) 	
Cloth or felt bU:ffing wheel. 


(2) 	
Hammering. 

(3) 	
Etching. 

(
4) 	Embossing. 

(5) 	
Coloring. 

(a) 	
With sulphur. 

(b) 	
With ammonia. 

(
c) 	Copper plating on brass. 

(
d) 	Silver solution. 




Bulletin of the University of Texas 
PATTERN MAKING. 
The prerequisites to this course are bench woodwork and wood turning. The work in elementary pattern making, therefore, :;hould consist of well chosen exercises planned to illustrate the requirements of patterns, principles of construction, and methodt> of molding. After these exercises are completed and after some knowledge of molding is gained, patterns for projects to be :fin­ished in the machine shop should be required. 
(A) 	Elementary Pattern Making. 
(
1) 	Draft and shrinkage. 

Problems-Straight line simple ribbed pattern, slot­ted block. 

(2) 
Double shrinkage and :finish allowance. 


Problems-One-piece pattern for 	cone pulley, face plate. 
(
3) 	Simple split pattern with core prints, core box. Problem-Flanged pipe fitting. 

(
4) 	Pattern requiring three-part mold. Problem-Double flanged pulley. 

(
5) 	Match board pattern. 
Problem-Ring, letters. 


(
6) 	Loose piece pattern. Problem-Square column with projections. 


(B) 	Advanced Pattern Making. 
(
1) 	Patterns for castings of small parts of machines (machine shop projects). 

(2) 	
Patterns for large or complicated castings for ma­chines (machine shop projects). 


MOT.DING AND FOUNDRY PRACTICE. 
It is neces:;ary that this work be very closely correlated with the pattern making, as each is dependent upon the other. Molds should be ma<le of all completed patterns soon after the :finishing coats are dry, in order to test the patterns. 
(A.) Molding. 
(1) 	
Molds in half of two-part flash. Problems-Slotted block1 face plate. 

(2) 	
Coping out drag. 
Problem&-Ring, wrench. 


(
3) Core making, use of cores. 
Problems-Flanged pipe fitting. 


(
4) 	Three-part mold. 
Problem-Double flanged pulley. 


(5) 	
Use of match board. Problem-Pattern making problem (5). 

(
6) 	Molds of patterns having loose parts. Problems--Pattern making problem (6). 

(7) 	
Making molds by use of sweeps. Problems--Large ring of square cross section. 

(
8) 	Molding machine shop projects. 


(B) 	Foundry Practice. 
(
1) 	Repairing and preparation of furnace and ladles. 

(
2) 	Charging of furnace. 

(3) 	
Drying molds. 

(
4) 	Core baking. 

(
5) 	Drawing off metal, pouring. 

(
6) 	Cleaning castings by hand. 

(7) 	
Use of tumbling barrels. 

(
8) 	Grinding castings. 


In addition to pattern making exercises and foundry practice, there should be discussions, assigned readings, and written reports, on such related subjects as iron ore, preparation of ores; smelting­the reduction or blast furnace, fuels, fluxes, blasts, furnace designs; classification of iron-pig iron, Bessemer iron, basic iron; refining of pig iron; steel-crucible steel, open hearth steel, Bessemer steel; effect of silicon, sulphur, phosphorus, carbon, etc., on cast iron; methods of making malleable and chilled castings, steel cast­ings, brass castings; machine molding. Commercial pattern shops and foundries should be visited, and the observations made should be discussed in claH:. 
OUTLINE OF FORGE WORK. 
(1) 	Drawing out, squaring with hammer. 
New Tools--Forge, anvil, tongs, hammer, Hardy. 
Problems-Exercises in lead or in iron. 

(2)  Drawing out round, swaging.  
New Tools-Swage, sledge hammer.  
Problems-Exercises.  
( 3)  Pointing and bending.  
New Tools-Horn of anvil.  
Problem-Exercise, staple, meat hook.  
( 4)  Twisting and bending, cutting stock.  
New Tools-Blacksmith vise, cold chisel.  
Problem-Gate hook, poker.  
( 5)  Fullering, punching.  
New Tools-Fuller, punch.  
Problems-Eye bolt, hasp.  
( 6)  Drilling, riveting, brazing.  
New Tools-Center punch, drill and drilling machine,  
rivet set.  
Problems-Exercise, ornamental bracket.  
(7)  Upsetting, forming.  
New Tools-Heading tool.  
Problem-Square bolt, hexagonal bolt.  
(8)  Splitting.  
New Tools-Hot chisel.  
Problem8-0ar lock, ice hatchet, fork.  
(9)  Welding-Lap weld.  
Problems-Exercise, ring, chain.  
(10)  Welding-Cleft weld.  
Problem-Exercise.  
(11)  Case hardening.  
Problems-Bolt head, any small forging.  
(12)  Tool forging.  
Problems-Punch, cold chisel, lathe tools.  
(13)  Hardening and tempering.  
Problems--Metal working tools, woodworking tools, bush­ 
ings, drills.  
( 14)  Review of processes in order to increase skill.  
Problems-Forge tongs, carpenter's pinchers, draw-knife,  
ornamental projects.  
(15)  Repair of forge shop tools.  

In addition to the neceflsary class instruction and demonstrations dealing with tools, operations, processes, etc., there should be shop talks. on related subjects. These talks should be supplemented by assigned reading. Visits to local iron working indmtries should also be arranged, and the observations made should be discussed in class or should be written in the note-book. The subjecti;: of shop talk::: should include the manufacture of iron and steel, the use of iron and steel in the industries, commercial methods of pro­ducing forgings in large m1mbers, decorative design applied to wrought iron. 
1\IACHIXE SHOP PRACTICE. 
As it is not practicable to equip the machine shop with individual equipment of machine tools, the work cannot be arranged in the same way that any of the other shop work is. Proper sequence, from an educational point of view, as to operations and processe5', can be followed only to a limited extent. Well planned exercises afford the most efficient means of giving the pupil a working knowledge of the tools, machines, and operations and processes used in general machine shop work. As soon as the pupils understand the operation of all machines and have dewloped sufficient skill, through the exercises, to do the work with reasonable speed and accuracy, projects should take the place of exercises. Better re­sults can generally he obtained by the me of the group project instead of the class project. This is because the teacher can easily adapt the wnrk to a small group of pupils who haYe been carefully selected from the class. 
(A) 	
Bench Work. 

(I) 	
Chipping, 
Filing, 
Scraping. 
Kev seat exercise. 


Cast iron exercise. 

(
2) 	Fitting. 

(3) 	
Assembling. 

(
4) 	1.::-se of taps and dies.-Exercise. 



(B) 	
Drilling and Boring. 


(1) 
Laying out work, ~ Drilling within circle, E . 
G .d. d 	:.ixerc1ses. 
m mg fl .11, Countersinking and counterboring. 
(2) 	
Special drills, special uses of drill press.-Demon­stration. 

(3) 	
Methods of clamping work in drill press.-Demon­stration. 


(C) 	
Lathe Work. 

(1) 	
Plain cylindrical turning, } Taper turning, Exercises. Eccentric turning. 

(2) 	
Thread cutting.-Exercises. 

(3) 	
Face plate, } Angle plate, and chuck work, Exercises. Boring. 

(4) 	
Mandril work. 

(5) 	
Boring bar, use of steady rest, follower rest. 

(6) 	
Running, shrinking, and pressing fit.-Exercise may be part of 1 or 3. 



(D) 	
Shaper Work. 

(1) 	
Clamping and chucking work.-Demonstration. 

(2) 	
Plane surfaces at various angles.-Exercise. 

(3) 	
Cutting key ways.-Exercise. 

(
4) 	Special shaper work.-Demonstration. 



(E) 	
Planer Work. 


(1) Clamping and chucking work, } E . 
. xerc1ses.
f
Plane 	sur aces and slottmg. 
(2) 	Planing curved surfaces, } Planing dove-tail ways, Demonstrations. Special planer work. , 
(F) 	
Machine Grinding. 

(1) 	
Surface grinding, } Selection of grinding wheels, Exercises. Wet and dry grinding. 

(2) 	
External and internal grinding.-Exercise. 

(3) 	
Tool grinding. 



(G) 
Milling :Machine Work. 


(1) 	Cutting speeds and feeds, Demonstra­
:'.\Iethods of holding cutters and 	work, tions and }
Principal milling operatiom. Exercises. 
(2) 	
Indexin()'O> } • 
Speeial work. Exercises. 


(3) 	
Spur gear calculations, } , . Spur gear cutting. hxerc1ses. 

(4) 	
BeYel gears, } . 
Spnr gears. Demonstrat10ns. 



PURCHASER'S FINDING LIST OF FIR:.IS 	SU.PPLYIXG EQL!P)IEXT _.\.?;"!) 
SUPPLIES. 
A.brasivP. Wheels and Jfaterinls. 
Chicago Wheel and Mfg. Co., 47 W. Randolph St., Chicago. 
Pike Mfg. Co., Pike, X. H. 
The Carborundum Co., Niagara Falls, X. Y. 

Artist's and Draftsman's Materials. 
Chandler & Barber, Boston, :'.\fass. 
Dallas Blue Print Co., Dallas, Texas. 
Frederick Post Co., Chicago, Ill. 
Keuffe1 & Esser Co., Hoboken, X. J., and St. Louis, nio. 

Belting. 
Briggs-Weaver Machinery Co., Dallas, Texas. 
Walter Tips, Austin, Texas. 

Benches. 
Grand Rapids Hand Screw Co., Grand Rapids, :Mich. 
E. H. Sheldon & Co., Muskegon, )lich. 
Oak Cliff Planing Mill and M:fg. Co., Dallas, 'l'exas. 
Oliver :Machinery Co., Grand Rapids, :'.\Iich. 

Blacksmith's Tools. 
Huey & Philp Hardware Co., Dallas, Texas. 
Orr & Loekett Hardware Co., Chicago, Ill. 
Walter Tips, Austin, Texas. 

Blowers. 
American Gas Furnace. Co., New York, N. Y. 
Buffalo Forge Co., Buffalo, N. Y. 

B. F. Sturtevant Co., Hyde Park, Mass. 
Blue Print Pape1·. 
Dallas Blue Print Co., Dallas, Texas. 
Keuffel & Esser Co., St. Lmis, Mo. 

Cabinet Hardware. 
Behering & Cartes, Houston, 'I'exas. 
Francis Keil & Son, E. 163d St., New York, N. Y. 
Grand Rapids Brass Co., Grand Rapids, Mich. 
Huey & Philp Hardware Co., Dallas, Texas. 
Walter Tips, Austin, Texas. 

Carver's Tools. 
Hammacher & Schlemmer Co., New York, N. Y. 
Mack & Co., Rochester, N. Y. 
Miller Falls Co., Miller Falls, Mass. 

Olarnps. 
Cincinnati Tool Co., Norwood Station, Cincinnati, Ohio. Oliver Machinery Co., Grand Rapids, Mich. 
Copper Working Tools. 
Chandler & Barber, Boston, Mass. 
Orr & Lockett Hardware Co., 14 Randolph St., Chicago, Ill. 

Cement and Concrete Worker's Tools. 
Huey & Philp Hardware Co., Dallas, Texas. 
Walter Tips, Austin, 'I'exas. 

Chucks-Lathe and Drill. 
The Skinner Chuck Co., New Britain, Conn. 
T. R. Almond Mfg. Co., Ashburnham, Mass. 
Wescott Chuck Co., Oneida, N. Y. 

Draw1"ng Boards and Tables. 
Grand Rapids Hand Screw Co., Grand Rapids, Mich. 
Keuffel & Esser Co., Hoboken, N. J. 
Oak Cliff Planing Mill and Mfg. Co., Dallas, Texas. 

Manual Traini-ng in the High School 
Drills--Uprig ht. 
The Rockford Drilling Machine Co., Rockford, Ill. Walter Tips, Austin, Texas. 
W. T. & John Barns Co., Rockford, Ill. 
Forges. 
B. F. Sturtevant Co., Hyde Park, Mass. 
Buffalo Forge Co., Buffalo, N. Y. 
Oliver :Machinery Co., Grand Rapids, Mich. 
Champion Blower and Forge Co., Lancaster, Pa. 

Foundry Equipment. 
Hill & Griffith Co., Cincinnati, Ohio. 
Ideal Mfg. Co., San Antonio, Texas. 
Orr & Lockett Hardware Co., Chicago, Ill. 

Furnaces-1lfelting, Tempering and Annealing. 
American Gas Furnace Co., New York, N. Y. 
Buffalo Dental Mfg. Co., Buffalo, N. Y. 
Chicago Flexible Shaft Co., La Salle Ave., Chicago, Ill. 

Gear Cutting Attachments for Lathes. 
W. C. Young, Worcester, Mass. 
Glue. 
C. T. Bailey Co., Chicago, Ill. 
Swift & Co., Chicago, Ill. 

Glue Heaters. 
Oliver Machinery Co., Grand Rapids, Mich. 
Grinders. 
Mummert & Dixon Co., Hanover, Pa. 
Oliver Machinery Co., Grand Rapids, Mich. 
Pike ·Mfg. Co., Pike, N. H. 
Rockford Drilling Machine Co., Rockford, Ill. 
The Carborundum Co., Niagara Falls, N. Y. 

J ointers-Hand. American Woodworking Machinery Co., Rochester, N. Y. 
J. A. Fay & Egan Co., Cincinnati, Ohio. 
Oliver l\Iachinery Co., Grand Rapids, Mich. 

B11lletin of the University of Texas 
Kn·ives, Sloyd. Hammacher-Schlemmer Co., New York, N. Y. Harrington Cutlery Co., Southbridge, Mass. 
Lathe Tools. 
Armstrong Bros. 'l'ool Co., Chicago, Ill. 
T. R. Almond Mfg. Co., Ashburnham, Mass. 
Lathes--Eng·ine. 
F. E. Reed Co., Worcester, Mass. 
The Champion 'l'ool Works, Cincinnati, Ohio. 
The Seneca Falls Mfg. Co., Seneca Falls, N. Y. 

Lathes-Wood Turning. 
F. E. Reed Co., Worcester, Mass. 
F. E. Wells Co., Greenfield, Mass. 
J. A. Fay & Egan Co., Cincinnati, Ohio. Oliver Machinery Co., Grand Rapids, Mich. 
L-wnber-Hardwood. 
Griffith Lumber Co., Dallas, Texas. 
Machine Tools. 
Joseph T. Ryerson .& Son, Houston, Texas. 
11.fanual Tra·ining Vises. 
C. A. Herriman & Son, South Haven, Mich. Oliver Machinery Co., Grand Rapids, Mich. Richards-Wilcox Mfg. Co., Aurora, Ill. 
W. C. Toles & Co., Irving Park, Chicago, Ill. 
Metals, Bmss, Co,pper, Bronze, Etc. 
Charles H. Besly & Co., N. Clinton St., Chicago, Ill. 
Metal Working Tools. Briggs-Weaver Machinery Co., Dallas, Texas. Charles Besley & Co., N. Clinton St., Chicago, Ill. Walter Tips, Austin, Texas. 
Moulder's Tools. 
Hill & Griffith Co., Cincinnati, Ohio. 
Pipe Tools, Plumber's 7Fools. 
Crane & Co., Dallas, 'l'exas. 
Walter 'rips, Austin, Texas. 
Saws-Band and Circular. 
American Woodworking Machinery Co., Rochester, N. Y. 
J. A. Fay & Egan Co., Cincinnati, Ohio. 
Oliver Machinery Co., Grand Rapids, l\Iich. 
The Crescent :Machine Co., Leetonia, Ohio. 

Saws-Power Il ack. 
Millers Falls Co., Millers Falls, Mass. 
Henry G. Thompson & Son Co., New Haven, Conn. 

Shapers-Cmnk. 
Gould & Eberhardt. Newark, N. J. 
Joseph T. Ryerson & Son, Houston, Texas. 

Sheet Metal and Sheet Metal Workl'r's Tools. 
Charles Besly & Co., N. Clinton St., Chicago, Ill. 
Huey & Philp Hardware Co., Dallas, Texas. 
Orr & Lockett Hardware Co., Chicago, Ill. 

Tubing-Metal. 
Charles Besly & Co., N. Clinton St., Chicago, Ill. 
Venetian Iron. 
Hammacher & Schlemmer Co., New York, N. Y. 
Orr & Lockett, Chicago, Ill. 

Veneer and Veneer Panels. 
St. Louis Basket and Box Co., St. Louis, )fo. 
The Louisville Veneer Mills, Louisville, Ky. 

Woodworking Tools. 
B2hering & Cartes, Houston, Texas. 
Huey & Philp Hardware Co., Dallas, Texas. 
Miller Falls Co., 1Iiller Falls, Mass. 
Sargent & Co., New Haven, Conn. 
Stanley Rule and Level Co., New Britain, Conn., Norwood 

Station, Cincinnati .. Ohio. 
Walter Tips, Austin, 'l'exas. 

Wood Finishing Material. 
Berry Brothers, Detroit, Mich. 
H. Behlen & Bros., 371 Pearl St., New York, N. Y. The Marietta Paint and Color Co., l\Iarietta, Ohio.