Improving universal screening practices with posttest probability

There is a growing number of calls for schools to adopt principles of evidence-based assessment (EBA) to address the challenges in effectively using universal screening data to inform intervention decisions. Researchers have begun evaluating the use of a metric that is aligned with EBA principles, called posttest probability, in school-based settings. The purpose of this literature review is to examine research on the proposed use of posttest probabilities in schools and discuss different factors that are associated with academic achievement that may be useful in calculating actionable posttest probabilities. An example to illustrate how this information can be applied in schools as well as areas for future research are provided.