In this paper, we explore performance measurement and management for what we are calling the "next-generation" workforce development system. Our focus is on how performance should be measured in the shifting context of trade, technology, labor market, demographic and other factors affecting workforce development. We begin by characterizing eras of accountability for workforce programs that span recent decades, leading to our current performance measurement and management framework. We describe the elements of this current framework, followed by a discussion of the changing context and accountability paradigms. We then present the key requirements for next-generation workforce development accountability. We conclude with a series of recommended strategies and actions for governors to move public and private sectors toward more appropriate performance measurement and management approaches.