This paper presents some concepts and initial investigation of a novel construction automation approach using the Contour Crafting (CC) layered fabrication process, developed at the University of Southern California. CC uses computer control to take advantage of the superior surface forming capability of trowels, used by craftsmen and builders since ancient times, to create large intricate structures with smooth and accurate surfaces. The potential of CC became evident from the initial investigations and experiments with various materials and geometries. Using this process, a single house or a colony of houses, each with possibly a different design, may be automatically constructed in a single setup.