Artificial disulfide isomerases and uses thereof

The present invention provides artificial enzymes comprising, e.g., an N-terminal domain derived from E. coli FkpA that allows for dimerization and provides a substrate binding region, and a C-terminal thioredoxin domain derived from E. coli DsbA. Similar to DsbC, such de novo designed chimeric (hybrid) FkpA-DsbA enzymes function, as disulfide reductases, oxidases, or isomerases, and chaperones in vivo and in vitro, despite lacking similarity to DsbC-related polypeptide sequence.