Pre-existing structural elements can have substantial effects on fracture and fault development in younger strata, especially in areas that undergo significant changes in tectonic setting due to reactivation along older ...

The critical zone (CZ) comprises the near-surface region of the Earth where biological, physical and chemical weathering processes form porous soil and weathered bedrock from initially fresh bedrock. The structure of the ...

Common midpoint (CMP) stacking is one of the major steps in seismic data processing. Traditional CMP stacking sums a combination of normal moveout (NMO) corrected traces across a CMP gather to produce a single trace with ...

The Round Top laccolith is considered to be one of the youngest laccoliths in a series of five known as the Sierra Blanca peaks, located in Hudspeth county, Texas. The laccolith is anomalous within the region in that it ...

Understanding how future atmospheric warming may affect moisture distribution in the American Southwest is becoming increasingly important. To this end, various paleoclimatic proxies have been used to investigate the range ...

Debate persists on the timing, magnitude and style of crustal shortening, uplift and basin evolution in the Andes. Many studies suggest that the central Andes, including the Altiplano plateau, were gradually uplifted as a ...

Diving birds must accommodate their vision to air and water, two very different optical media. A few species, such as penguins (Sphenisciformes), dive to depths approaching the aphotic zone of the ocean and must accommodate ...

Dynamic topography is the surface expression of asthenospheric convection by means of vertical deflection of the lithosphere and includes the topographic responses to mantle flow patterns such as upwelling plumes and ...

I present a stratigraphically layered dual-permeability model composed of thin, alternating, high (~9.2 x 10⁻²⁰ m²) and low (~3.0 x 10⁻²² m²) permeability layers to explain pressure dissipation observed during pulse-decay ...

The Atlantic meridional overturning circulation has a vast potential for abrupt climate change due to its large heat transport through the ocean and its nonlinear dynamics. Because of these unique properties, this paper ...