The Upper Devonian-Lower Mississippian Bakken Formation in the Williston Basin is an important source rock for oil production in North America. The Bakken Formation is comprised of three units: Upper and Lower Bakken black ...

Natural fractures provide fluid flow pathways in otherwise low permeability reservoirs. These fractures are usually lined or completely filled with mineral cements. The presence of these cements causes very rough fracture ...

Photosymbiosis is a mutually beneficial relationship that many scleractinian corals have developed with dinoflagellates called zooxanthellae. Photosymbiosis is often considered the evolutionary innovation that allowed ...