Prime mover and energy storage considerations for a hydrogen-powered series hybrid shuttle

This paper describes simulation results obtained through modeling the operation of a 6.7 m long hydrogen-powered shuttle bus. The actual shuttle bus and its hydrogen refueling station constitute the first of its kind in the state of Texas. The simulations are used to initially verify the stated performance of the shuttle bus and to validate the modeling approach. The vehicle model is then modified to assess the predicted changes in performance, efficiency, and route following capability while conducting a parametric study involving fuel cell and internal combustion prime movers as well as chemical battery and flywheel energy storage systems. Simulation results show that a fuel cell-powered shuttle bus with a high power density, low mass energy storage system provides the highest vehicle range and lowest energy consumption.