Summer Diatoms Blooms in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre: 2008-2009
Abstract
The summertime North Pacific subtropical gyre has widespread phytoplankton blooms between Hawaii and the subtropical
front (30 degrees N) that appear as chlorophyll (chl) increases in satellite ocean color data. Nitrogen-fixing diatom symbioses
(diatom-diazotroph associations: DDAs) often increase 10 to the 2nd
–10 to the 3rd fold in these blooms and contribute to elevated export flux.
In 2008 and 2009, two cruises targeted satellite chlorophyll blooms to examine DDA species abundance, chlorophyll
concentration, biogenic silica concentration, and hydrography. Generalized observations that DDA blooms occur when the
mixed layer depth is < 70 m are supported, but there is no consistent relationship between mixed layer depth, bloom
intensity, or composition; regional blooms between 22–34 degrees N occur within a broader temperature range (21–26 degrees C) than
previously reported. In both years, the Hemiaulus-Richelia and Rhizosolenia-Richelia DDAs increased 10 to the 2nd
–10 to the 3rd over
background concentrations within satellite-defined bloom features. The two years share a common trend of Hemiaulus
dominance of the DDAs and substantial increases in the > 10 mm chl a fraction (~ 40–90+% of total chl a). Integrated diatom
abundance varied 10-fold over <10 km. Biogenic silica concentration tracked diatom abundance, was dominated by the
>10 mm size fraction, and increased up to 5-fold in the blooms. The two years differed in the magnitude of the surface chl a
increase (2009>2008), the abundance of pennate diatoms within the bloom (2009>2008), and the substantially greater
mixed layer depth in 2009. Only the 2009 bloom had sufficient chl a in the >10 mm fraction to produce the observed ocean
color chl increase. Blooms had high spatial variability; ocean color images likely average over numerous small events over
time and space scales that exceed the individual event scale. Summertime DDA export flux noted at the Hawaii time-series
Sta. ALOHA is probably a generalized feature of the eastern N. Pacific north to the subtropical front.
Department
Subject
Collections
The following license files are associated with this item: