IC² Institute Working Papers

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/2152/14287

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The Austin/San Antonio Corridor: The Dynamics of a Developing Technopolis
(IC² Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, 1987-03) Smilor, Raymond W.; Kozmetsky, George; Gibson, David V.
Examination of the factors contributing to the development of the Austin/San Antonio corridor as a high-technology center in the years 1945-1986. The paper uses a conceptual framework called the Technopolis Wheel, which identifies seven segments as fundamental in regional high-tech growth: university, large and small technology companies, state-local-and federal government, and support groups (e.g. chambers of commerce). The major contribution of the paper is its emphasis on using multiple data sources to measure the relative importance of these segments. It concludes with case studies of Microelectronics and Computer Technology Corporation (MCC) in Austin and the biotechnology sector in San Antonio.
Beware of Historians Bearing False Analogies
(IC² Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, 1988-03) Rostow, Walter W.
A response to the book "The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers" by Paul Kennedy (1987).
Beyond Beijing: The Course of Women’s Struggle for Equal Opportunity in Japan
(IC² Institute, 1997-02) Naff, Clayton
Discusses the opportunity for change in Japan towards a more gender-equitable system. Describes the role of women in Japan’s industrialization and development of its peculiar management system. Discusses the legal, corporate and external framework for workforce equality. Explains the role of the 1997 U.N. conference on women in Beijing in helping to spur on the internationalization of the Japanese women’s movement, with a renewed sense of being part of Asia. Concludes that within a decade, Japanese companies will likely offer women greater equality of opportunity, particularly at the professional level, but, at the same time, all employees will enjoy far less assurance of security and income growth.
Building and Creating the Future of the South: Breakthrough Partnerships for the 21st Century
(IC² Institute, 1997-06-23) Kozmetsky, George
In a presentation to the Southern Growth Policy Board’s 1997 Conference on the Future of the South, argues that partnership, including Public Private Partnerships, for the 21st century needs to be about winning combinations. Describes the change in resources that generate, prosperity, jobs and meaningful futures from natural endowments and geographic location to advanced technologies based on knowledge-based investments, highly skilled personnel and abundant financial assets. Describes breakthrough partnering between the public and private sector as the key to developing technology that will generate wealth, prosperity and newer, higher paying jobs in the future. Describes four freedoms necessary to achieve breakthrough partnering: exchange of ideas, access, trade and enterprise. Argues that bold, innovative leadership is required to reshape and restructure institutions to fit the new economy.
Chance-Constrained Efficiency Analysis
(IC² Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, 1990-01) Land, Kenneth C.; Lovell, C. A. Knox; Thore, Sten
Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is extended to the case of stochastic inputs and outputs through the use of chance-constrained programming. The chance-constrained envelope envelops a given set of observations "most of the time." We show that the chance-constrained enveloping process leads to the definition of a conventional (certainty-equivalent) efficiency ratio (a ratio between weighted outputs and weighted inputs). Furthermore, extending the concept of Pareto and Koopmans efficiency to the case of chance-constrained dominance (to be defined), we establish the identity of the following two chance-constrained efficiency concepts: (i) the chance constrained DEA efficiency measure of a particular output-input point is unity, and all chance-constraints are binding; (ii) the point is efficient in the sense Pareto and Koopmans. Finally we discuss the implications of our approach for econometric frontier analysis.
The Changing Dimensions of Japanese Security Issues
(IC² Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, 1999-08) Piper, W. Stephen
Presentation on post-Cold War security issues and international relations in Japan. Delivered to the Japan Industry and Management of Technology Program (JIMT) at The University of Texas at Austin on August 11, 1999.
Committed Costs vs. Uncertainty in New Product Development
(IC² Institute, 1993-01) Phillips, Fred Y.; Srivastava, R.
Discusses the nature of committed and determined costs in a new product development project, and quantifies their relationship to project uncertainty. Introduces the concept of product, process, schedule and market (PPSM) intelligence and emphasizes its use for jointly considering marketing and production factors in project evaluation. Uses a discriminate function-based measure of information gain to compare committed cost, incurred cost and information gain over the life of a development project leading to a risk profile that may be constructed from the observed behavior of the firm, without the use of hypothetical lotteries. Shows, using data from two companies, that this cost-risk construct is meaningful and can provide guidance for operational decisions in the new product development process.
Doing Business with a High-Tech Focus in Japan, China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan
(IC² Institute, 1999-06) Cong, Dachang
Introduces the economic conditions and high-tech research and development scenarios in post-crisis Asia. Explores challenges and opportunities for American high tech industries. Discusses issues related to doing business with the Japanese and Chinese, including understanding management and the need for better cross-cultural training.
E-Commerce Japanese Style
(IC² Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, 1999-09) Katoh, Masanobu
Presentation to the Japan Industry and Management of Technology Program (JIMT) on electronic commerce in Japan, how it is different from e-commerce in the US, and the challenges that foreign companies face entering the e-commerce market in Japan.
Estimation of the Time Path of the Supply Price of an Exhaustible Resource: The Case of Oil and Natural Gas
(IC² Institute, 1988-06) Thore, Sten; Sinha, Kingshuk K.
Explores the interplay of geopolitical, economic, geological and operational factors that may disrupt the gradual upwards shift of the supply price of non-replenishable resources, specifically oil and natural gas. Describes the econometric identification of the supply price curve for oil and gas in the U.S. using two alternative independent variables: total footage drilled and number of wells completed. Develops a new constrained least squares method, the Thore regression map, of studying shifts of the supply price function over time and uses the techniques to estimate supply price drift. Provides, for the first time, statistical evidence of the time path of the drift upwards of these schedules. Shows that the shifts accelerate during times of upheaval in the oil markets, reflecting the need for a higher risk premium, but may be delayed during times of industry consolidation. A by-product of the analysis is a format for forecasting the supply price of an exhaustible resource.
The Fallacy of Micro Foundation and Micro Fluctuations
(IC² Institute, 1999-02) Chen, Ping
Argues that there is no micro foundation for microeconomic fluctuations, or business cycles, based on the law of large numbers in probability theory and statistical mechanics. Discusses the Lucas model of rational expectations as inconsistent with the efficient market hypotheses because arbitrage activities in financial markets can eliminate the intertemporal substitution effect to the macro economy. Suggests the need for nonlinear macroeconomic dynamics and a non-equilibrium mechanism to understand large and persistent business cycles.
Future Business in Japan: Opportunities or Threats?
(IC² Institute, 1998-04) Krueger, Stanley P.
Describes the current state of Japan with an eye on the signs that show where the country is going, and how it may affect foreign businesses. Examines one established industry, aerospace, and one new industry, environmental, and identifies opportunities for American companies.
Generational Road Maps: Political, Economic, Scientific?
(IC² Institute, 1996-05-24) Kozmetsky, George
In a commencement address to the Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, describes the current lack of clear-cut generally acceptable road maps, formal or informal, for dealing with societal challenges and opportunities. Argues that audience members should, at an appropriate time, prepare themselves to accept the leadership for change and embrace the responsibility to develop their generational road map. Discusses the need for stronger linkages between academia, business and government and argues that efforts, newer institutions and mechanisms must be put in place that mitigate and solve urban, suburban and regional problems in parallel with each other. Describes five unprecedented opportunities for the scientific literates in the audience to reshape and restructure R&D and the economic infrastructure. Argues that these changes require audience members to develop and understanding of how public policy will be set in the future, acquire skills, become more multidisciplinary and understand how to commercialize science and technology.
How Visual Images Help Run Japanese Factories
(IC² Institute, 1997-01) Miller, Steven
Discusses management and technical staff’s extensive use of visual images in the control system of Japanese factories to structure information so that everyone may understand the plan, execute it, identify errors and solve any problems related to performance gaps. Describes the control system, the plan-do-see (PDS) cycle, and the crucial role visual communications play in its effectiveness in identifying problems and correcting them in an efficient manner. Argues that U.S companies may benefit from the use of visual images, not only in their dealings with Japanese companies, but also for improving comprehension and factory floor performance in their own factories.
Impacts of Deregulation on Performance and Management of the Largest American Transportation Companies
(IC² Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, 1986-01) Ruefli, Timothy W.
The effects of the past quarter century of deregulation on the transportation industry in the United States are many and varied. Impacts have been felt at the level of the industry as a whole, at the level of mode-based industry sub-groups, and at the level of individual firms. Analyses and depictions of these impacts have appeared in numerous books and journal articles. In this paper a new, empirically based, methodological approach to industry analysis will be employed to evaluate and illustrate the impacts of deregulation on the relevant levels of this industry in terms of its largest firms. The results of this analysis will be seen to be largely complementary to previous analyses, but will go beyond them in being able to identify in quantitative terms differential impacts of regulatory and other events on individual firms, groups of firms, and the industry from a unified methodological point of view. A later version of this paper appeared in Technovation, volume 5, issues 1–3, October 1986, Pages 35-60, doi 10.1016/0166-4972(86)90043-X.
International Human Resource Management in Japanese Multinationals
(IC² Institute, 1999-07-21) Bird, Allan
Discusses the tactical decisions firms make in the process of establishing management systems in overseas subsidiaries and their strategic effects on the function of the management system as it relates to organizational learning. Introduces a typology of organizational learning models by analyzing 114 Japanese subsidiaries. Uses the typology to discuss the differences across Japanese multinational corporations in terms of how they learn and the levels at which they learn. Argues that what was learned, how much was learned and who learned was determined by the particulars of the learning process itself. Suggests four learning types among the Japanese multinational corporations studied based on analysis of decision patterns. Describes the implications for how Japanese multinational corporations should approach learning in their foreign operations and addresses the import the findings might have for non-Japanese corporations.
The Internet Age: Japan’s Challenge to E-Business
(IC² Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, 2000-05-03) Takagi, Yuji
Address by Yuji Takagi, General Manager of Mitsui & Co. (USA) Inc., on the future of the Internet industry in the context of Japanese business and consumer culture.
The Internet Age: Japan’s Challenge to E-Business
(IC² Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, 2000-05-03) Takagi, Yuji
Address by Yuji Takagi, General Manager of Mitsui & Co. (USA) Inc., on the future of the Internet industry in the context of Japanese business and consumer culture.
Is there light at the end of the tunnel for Japan?
(IC² Institute, 1999-07-21) Kubarych, Roger M.
Explores Japan’s economic predicament and prospects for eventual recovery. Describes the origins of Japan’s economic issues and draws contrasts between Japan and America/Europe in terms of human resources, finance and politics. Offers three schools of thought on what will happen to Japan’s economic predicament in the coming years. Provides five factors justifying optimism: increases in foreign investment, deregulation of financial markets, business restructuring, bureaucratic self-awareness and the rise of the Internet. Describes additional reforms necessary for recovery, including tax reform, modernization of land use policy, acceleration of risk-taking, prevention of unwise government spending and deregulation. Offers implications for a Japanese recovery for the U.S.
Japan and a New International Security Paradigm
(IC² Institute, 1999-03-11) DiFilippo, Anthony
Argues that Japan has the potential to be recognized as a post-Cold War superpower, but has not been able to do so because of a lack of military/nuclear power and its alignment with the U.S. Discusses two security options, developing an offensive-oriented military and creating a new security paradigm based on United Nations–centered security and nuclear disarmament. Dismisses the first option as implausible and problematic and describes four areas, related to the second option, requiring steps for Japan to acquire superpower status: (1) advance the international perception that national pride may be raised by non-military use of science and technology, (2) make politically creative use of foreign assistance spending, (3) enlarge its role in diplomatic policy development, and (4) be willing to use engagement policies in its relations with the U.S. and other nations will nuclear weapons, such as tying trade concessions to participation in a global disarmament process.

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