Browsing by Subject "industry"

Now showing 1 - 20 of 86

Changing Practices in Adoption
(Hogg Foundation for Mental Health, 1994) The Hogg Foundation
Collaboration Networks, Structural Holes, And Innovation: A Longitudinal Study
(2000-09) Ahuja, G.; Ahuja, Gautam
To assess the effects of a firm's network of relations on innovation, this paper elaborates a theoretical framework that relates three aspects of a firm's ego network-direct ties, indirect ties, and structural holes (disconnections between a firm's partners)-to the firm's subsequent innovation output. It posits that direct and indirect ties both have a positive impact on innovation but that the impact of indirect ties is moderated by the number of a firm's direct ties. Structural holes are proposed to have both positive and negative influences on subsequent innovation. Results from a longitudinal study of firms in the international chemicals industry indicate support for the predictions on direct and indirect ties, but in the interfirm collaboration network, increasing structural holes has a negative effect on innovation. Among the implications for interorganizational network theory is that the optimal structure of interfirm networks depends on the objectives of the network members.
Corporate Social Responsibility in the Oil and Gas Industry: The Importance of Reputational Risk
(2011-01-01) Spence, David B
Customization Or Conformity? An Institutional And Network Perspective On The Content And Consequences Of TQM Adoption
(1997-06) Westphal, J. D.; Gulati, R.; Shortell, S. M.; Westphal, James D.
This study develops a theoretical framework that integrates institutional and network perspectives on the form and consequences of administrative innovations. Hypotheses are tested with survey and archival data on the implementation of total quality management (TQM) programs and the consequences for organizational efficiency and legitimacy in a sample of over 2,700 U.S. hospitals. The results show that early adopters customize TOM practices for efficiency gains, while later adopters gain legitimacy from adopting the normative form of TQM programs. The findings suggest that institutional factors moderate the role of network membership in affecting the form of administrative innovations adopted and provide strong evidence for the importance of institutional factors in determining how innovations are defined and implemented. We discuss implications for theory and research on institutional processes and network effects and for the literatures on innovation adoption and total quality management.(.)
Determinants Of Employment Externalization - A Study Of Temporary Workers And Independent Contractors
(1993-06) Davisblake, A.; Uzzi, B.; Davis-Blake, Alison
This paper examines what determines the use of temporary workers and independent contractors in a variety of organizations. We hypothesize that four factors affect the use of externalized workers: employment costs, the external environment, organizational size and bureaucratization, and skill requirements. Data from a large sample of employers surveyed by the U.S. Department of Labor were used to test the hypotheses. Analyses showed that each factor affected the use of both temporary workers and independent contractors; however, the effects differed across the two types of workers. Firm-specific training, government oversight, bureaucratized employment practices, establishment size, and requirements for high levels of informational or technical skill had negative effects on organizations' use of temporary workers; variation in employment needs positively affected the use of temporary workers. Variation in employment needs, bureaucratized employment practices, establishment size, and being part of a multiple-site firm had positive effects on the use of independent contractors. We discuss the implications of these findings for the study of the employment relationship.
The End Game of Deregulation: Myopic Risk Management and the Next Catastrophe
(2012-01-01) Steinzor, Rena I.; McGarity, Thomas O.
Environmental Permitting in Texas, PRP 73
(LBJ School of Public Affairs, 1986) Katz, James E.; Schmandt, Jurgen
Excavation in the Territory of Metaponto, 1975
(University of Texas at Austin, 1975) Institute of Classical Archaeology
The report provides information about excavations carried out by the Institute of Classical Archaeology of the University of Texas at Austin in the territory of Metaponto. After the excavation of the city, the archaeological team began the excavation of the territory to add to the picture of the life of a Greek colonist. The report describes the excavation of a hilltop site, where several important features were discovered (for example, a 4th-3rd century cemetery, a late Republican tile factory, a long ancient cut, pottery deposits and clay pits). The report describes also the excavation of a 4th-century canal at the hilltop site, several tombs and a 6th century BC sanctuary building with an enormous quantity of pottery.
Hazardous Materials Transportation in Texas, PRP 82
(LBJ School of Public Affairs, 1987) Boske, Leigh B.; Hadden, Susan G.
Institutional Logics And Institutional Pluralism: The Contestation Of Care And Science Logics In Medical Education, 1967-2005
(2010-03) Dunn, M. B.; Jones, C.; Dunn, Mary B.
Although most studies underscore institutional change as replacement of one dominant logic for another and assume that professions are guided by a single logic, professions that operate in multiple institutional spheres often have plural logics. We focus on medical education, the supplier of medical professionals, which resides at the interstices between academia and healthcare. Using archival sources from 1910 to 2005, we identify two logics central to the profession that persisted over time: care and science. We found that jurisdictional competition with rivals such as public health, contestation among physicians, the rise of managed care, and increasing numbers of women entering medical schools are associated with increased attention to the care logic. Differentiation in the missions of medical schools is associated with reduced attention to the science logic. Our study reveals that plural logics of care and science in medical education are supported by distinct groups and interests, fluctuate over time, and create dynamic tensions about how to educate future professionals.(circle)
Learning From Complexity: Effects Of Prior Accidents And Incidents On Airlines' Learning
(2002-12) Haunschild, P. R.; Sullivan, B. N.; Haunschild, Pamela R.
Using data on accidents and incidents experienced by U.S. commercial airlines from 1983 to 1997, we investigated variation in firm learning by examining whether firms learn more from errors with heterogeneous or homogeneous causes. We measured learning by a reduction in airline accident and incident rates, while controlling for other factors related to accidents and incidents. Our results show that heterogeneity is generally better for learning, as prior heterogeneity in the causes of errors decreases subsequent accident rates, producing a deeper, broader search for causality than simple explanations like >blame the pilot.> The benefits of heterogeneity, however, apply mainly to specialist airlines. Generalist airlines learn, instead, from outside factors such as the experience of others and general improvements in technology. These results suggest a theory of learning across organizational forms: complex forms benefit from simple information, and simple forms benefit from complex information. The implications of our study for learning theories and work on organizational errors are discussed.
Opportunity Creation in Innovation Networks: Interactive Revealing Practices
(2014) Jarvenpaa, Sirkka L.; Valikangas, Liisa; Jarvenpaa, Sirkka L.
Innovating in networks with partners that have diverse knowledge is challenging. The challenges stem from the fact that the commonly used knowledge protection mechanisms often are neither available nor suitable in early stage exploratory collaborations. This article focuses on how company participants in heterogeneous industry networks share private knowledge while protecting firm-specific appropriation. We go beyond the prevailing strategic choice perspectives to discuss interactive revealing practices that sustain joint opportunity creation in the fragile phase of early network formation.
The Promotion of Exports from Texas, PRP 46
(LBJ School of Public Affairs, 1981) Weintraub, Sidney; Greenfield, Stuart
Second-Order Imitation: Uncovering Latent Effects Of Board Network Ties
(2001-12) Westphal, J. D.; Seidel, M. D. L.; Stewart, K. J.; Westphal, James D.; Seidel, Marc-David L.
This study examines whether board interlock ties facilitate second-order imitation, in which firms imitate an underlying decision process that can be adapted to multiple policy domains, rather than imitating specific policies of tied-to firms (first-order imitation). Longitudinal analyses of archival data for a large sample of Forbes/Fortune 500 companies, as well as analyses of survey data on mimetic processes among these firms, show that network ties to firms that use imitation to determine a particular policy can prompt use of imitation by the focal firm in. determining both that policy and a different policy. Firms that have board network ties to firms in other industries that imitate their competitors' business strategy are likely to imitate their own competitors' business strategy, as well as their competitors' acquisition activity and compensation policy. Thus, the findings reveal network effects that are not visible with extant perspectives on interorganizational imitation. We discuss implications for institutional theory and research on interorganizational networks.
A Supplementary Study of Hazardous Materials Transportation in Texas, PRP 88
(LBJ School of Public Affairs, 1988) Boske, Leigh B.; Hadden, Susan G.
Texas Business Review, April 1943
(Bureau of Business Research, The University of Texas at Austin, 1943-04) Buechel, F. A.; Johnson, Elmer H.; Cox, A. B.
Texas Business Review, April 1944
(Bureau of Business Research, The University of Texas at Austin, 1944-04) Buechel, F. A.; Johnson, Elmer H.; Cox, A. B.
Texas Business Review, April 1959
(Bureau of Business Research, The University of Texas at Austin, 1959-04) May, Francis B.; Piedrahita, Tina; Dunagan, J. Conrad; Arbingast, Stanley A.; Cashin, Jack W.; Parker, Robert L.; Drenner, Robert H.
Texas Business Review, April 1960
(Bureau of Business Research, The University of Texas at Austin, 1960-04) Stockton, John R.; Baughn, William Hubert; Townsend, David; Dale, Alfred G.; Drenner, Robert H.; Rust, Joe Carroll
Texas Business Review, August 1945
(Bureau of Business Research, The University of Texas at Austin, 1945-08) Buechel, F. A.; Cox, A. B.; Johnson, Elmer H.