Browsing by Subject "diet"

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20/20 Foresight
(The Texas Scientist, 2020) Airhart, Marc
Association of Breakfast Intake with Obesity, Dietary and Physical Activity Behavior Among Urban School-Aged Adolescents in Delhi, India: Results of a Cross-Sectional Study
(2012-10) Arora, Monika; Nazar, Gaurang P.; Gupta, Vinay K.; Perry, Cheryl L.; Reddy, K. Srunath; Stigler, Melissa H.; Perry, Cheryl L.; Stigler, Melissa H.
In developed countries, regular breakfast consumption is inversely associated with excess weight and directly associated with better dietary and improved physical activity behaviors. Our objective was to describe the frequency of breakfast consumption among school-going adolescents in Delhi and evaluate its association with overweight and obesity as well as other dietary, physical activity, and sedentary behaviors. Methods: Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Eight schools (Private and Government) of Delhi in the year 2006. Participants: 1814 students from 8th and 10th grades; response rate was 87.2%; 55% were 8th graders, 60% were boys and 52% attended Private schools. Main outcome measures: Body mass index, self-reported breakfast consumption, diet and physical activity related behaviors, and psychosocial factors. Data analysis: Mixed effects regression models were employed, adjusting for age, gender, grade level and school type (SES). Results: Significantly more Government school (lower SES) students consumed breakfast daily as compared to Private school (higher SES) students (73.8% vs. 66.3%; p<0.01). More 8th graders consumed breakfast daily vs. 10th graders (72.3% vs. 67.0%; p<0.05). A dose-response relationship was observed such that overall prevalence of overweight and obesity among adolescents who consumed breakfast daily (14.6%) was significantly lower vs. those who only sometimes (15.2%) or never (22.9%) consumed breakfast (p<0.05 for trend). This relationship was statistically significant for boys (15.4 % vs. 16.5% vs. 26.0; p<0.05 for trend) but not for girls. Intake of dairy products, fruits and vegetables was 5.5 (95% CI 2.4-12.5), 1.7 (95% CI 1.1-2.5) and 2.2 (95% CI 1.3-3.5) times higher among those who consumed breakfast daily vs. those who never consumed breakfast. Breakfast consumption was associated with greater physical activity vs. those who never consumed breakfast. Positive values and beliefs about healthy eating; body image satisfaction; and positive peer and parental influence were positively associated with daily breakfast consumption, while depression was negatively associated. Conclusion: Daily breakfast consumption is associated with less overweight and obesity and with healthier dietary-and physical activity-related behaviors among urban Indian students. Although prospective studies should confirm the present results, intervention programs to prevent or treat childhood obesity in India should consider emphasizing regular breakfast consumption.
Examining Associations between Parental and Peer Social Support and Positive Health Behaviors in Adolescents
(2018-05-15) Haidar, Amier; Hoelscher, Deanna
Parental and peer support has been shown to have an influence on adolescent dietary and physical activity behaviors. However, these associations have not been fully elucidated in multi-ethnic populations in early and late adolescence, and few studies have examined parental/peer support in school-based interventions that include a parental component in adolescent populations. The objective of this article is to present the results of two studies that examine the relationships between parental and peer support and adolescent diet and physical activity behaviors. The aim of the first study was to investigate associations between parental/peer social support, and adolescent’s physical activity and dietary behaviors, utilizing the School Physical Activity and Nutrition (SPAN) survey data, collected from 8th and 11th graders in 2009-2011. The SPAN survey is a cross-sectional statewide probability-based survey, used to assess obesity-related behaviors. Results from this study revealed that parental and peer support is associated with healthier dietary and physical activity behaviors in adolescents. The objective of the second study was to understand the dietary, physical activity, and weight-related effects of a school-based intervention with a parental support component on adolescents using the CATCH Middle School Project. The CATCH Middle School Project is a school-based health program to promote obesity prevention and related behaviors (diet, physical activity) among middle school 8th grade students living in central Texas. A group-randomized serial cross-sectional design was used to evaluate the effect of three program conditions. Adolescents in the intervention condition with a parental support component experienced the greatest significant increases in fruit, vegetable, and water consumption, as well as reporting an increase in overall support from parents. Data from these studies show: (1) parental/peer support is associated with healthier obesity-related behaviors, and (2) including parents in a school-based intervention program was shown to increase the healthfulness of adolescents’ diets. Future research should focus on strategies to increase parental/peer support for healthy eating and physical activity behaviors that could potentially be integrated into school health programs for adolescents.
How Does the Transmission of Diet Behaviors Differ by Parent and Child Gender in Brazil?
(University of Texas at Austin Population Research Center, 2019) Donnelly, Rachel; Marteleto, Letícia J.
Manipulation of carbohydrate diet and ensuing changes in weight and glycogen storage in bumble bee (Bombus impatiens) queens
(2014-11) Doan, Amy HoangAnh; Woodard, Sarah H.; Jha, Shalene
Bumble bees serve as important pollinators for human crops, but many of their populations have declined over the past 60 years. Bumble bee population decline is very important for humans because it reduces pollination services, which can lead to lower crop yields and devastating effects on our nutrition. In bumble bees, we hypothesized that when queens do not have enough sugar in their diet, they are unable to store glycogen, which is a storage form of carbohydrates in insects. From other studies, we know that glycogen is an important storage nutrient for queen bumble bees during the winter when they do not forage for food. Based on this, we predicted that queens fed less sugar during the period prior to overwintering would not gain weight. Additionally, we hypothesized that following the feeding period, queens that ate less sugar would have reduced glycogen levels. Our research on queen bumble bees supported our hypothesis, as queen bees fed little or no sugar weighed less and had lower glycogen levels at the end of the treatment period, whereas queens fed a sugar rich diet had higher glycogen levels and weighed more. These data suggest that sugar is essential for the storage of glycogen in bumble bee queens. This information is relevant to bumble bee conservation efforts, as it implies that sugar is an essential food source that can be increased in the wild to improve bumble bee queen survival likelihood during the winter.
A Report on the Health and Nutrition of Mexicans Living in Texas
(University of Texas at Austin, 1931-07-15) University of Texas at Austin
Research + Pizza - Dr. Molly Bray
(2014-02-13) University of Texas at Austin
About Research+Pizza: Wondering about the work your professors do outside of the classroom? Want to know more about how research is done? RESEARCH+PIZZA brings together UT students and researchers for informal lunchtime presentations and discussions. Join us once a month to talk about UT research that led to products and services we use every day, or that’s creating our future. Sponsored by the UT Libraries, where you can read more about research. Generously supported by Austin’s Pizza