Browsing by Subject "activity-travel patterns"

Now showing 1 - 9 of 9

Activity-travel patterns of non-workers in the San Francisco Bay Area: An exploratory analysis
(Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, 2000) Misra, Rajul; Bhat, Chandra R.
Analysis of activity-travel patterns is an important component of any activity-based transportation planning exercise. Most of the current activity-travel literature focuses on studying the characteristics of workers. In comparison, little emphasis has been placed on studying non-worker activity-travel patterns. This paper presents the results of an exploratory analysis of the activity-travel patterns of non-workers in the San Francisco Bay Area. The attributes of a non-worker’s overall activity-travel pattern are examined in terms of three dimensions – number of stops of each activity type, trip chaining, and the temporal sequencing of activities. The paper concludes with a summary of the results and implications for transportation planning and policy analysis.
A comprehensive activity-travel pattern modeling system for non-workers with empirical focus on the organization of activity episodes
(Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, 2002) Bhat, Chandra R.; Misra, Rajul
This paper proposes a comprehensive continuous-time framework for representation and analysis of the activity-travel choices of non-workers. The paper also presents econometric formulations for components of the comprehensive framework that focus on the overall organization of activities (including number and type of activities, and activity sequencing) in the non-worker’s daily activity-travel pattern. The paper concludes with an empirical analysis using activity-travel data from the 1990 San Francisco Bay Area travel diary survey. A companion paper being prepared by the authors discusses the econometric formulations and associated empirical results for components of the overall framework that address the temporal and spatial attributes of the daily activity-travel pattern.
A comprehensive daily activity-travel generation model system for workers
(Elsevier, 2000) Bhat, Chandra R.; Singh, Sujit K.
This paper develops a comprehensive representation to describe the activity-travel pattern of workers and proposes an analysis framework to model the activity-travel attributes identified in the representation. The analysis framework is based on a descriptive examination of activity-travel patterns of workers from two locations in the U.S. The paper also formulates an econometric methodology to estimate the component of the analysis framework involving the joint modeling of evening commute mode choice, number of evening commute stops, and number of stops after arriving home from work. The methodology is applied to an empirical analysis using data from an activity survey conducted in the Boston Metropolitan area and the effects of a variety of congestion-alleviation measures are examined.
Comprehensive Econometric Microsimulator for Daily Activity-Travel Patterns
(National Academy of Sciences, 2004) Bhat, Chandra R.; Guo, Jessica Y.; Srinivasan, Sivaramakrishnan; Sivakumar, Aruna
The Comprehensive Econometric Micro-simulator for Daily Activity-travel Patterns (CEMDAP) is a micro-simulation implementation of an activity-travel modeling system. Given as input various land-use, sociodemographic, activity system, and transportation level-of-service attributes, the system provides as output the complete daily activity-travel patterns for each individual in each household of a population. This paper describes the underlying econometric modeling framework and the software development experience associated with CEMDAP. The steps involved in applying CEMDAP to predict activity-travel patterns and to perform policy analysis are also presented. Empirical results obtained from applying the software to the Dallas/Fort-Worth area demonstrate that CEMDAP provides a means of analyzing policy impacts in ways that are generally infeasible with the conventional four-stage approach.
The Effect of Personal Cap-and-Trade Mileage Policies on Individual Activity-Travel Patterns: The Activity Locator Project
(Maney Publishing, 2011) Meloni, Italo; Spissu, Erika; Bhat, Chandra R.
The objective of this work is to contribute to the debate on sustainable policies aimed at reducing personal carbon emissions from the transport sector. The proposed research describes an experiment extending the cap-and-trade system, employed in manufacturing-based emission curb programs, to Voluntary Travel Behavioral Change (VTBC) program. In paricular, a VTBC program is proposed that relies on opportune changes in individual activity-travel patterns after observing actual behavior recorded using an innovative device. In this regard, the methodology developed includes: (1) the design of a new behavioral strategy called "Cap and Save" and (2) the implementation of a new device for daily individual activity travel patterns collection called "Activity Locator". The two aspects are closely interrelated, since behavioral strategies are usually difficult to evaluate; indeed, data regarding individual behavior before and after policy intervention are rarely collected. From July to October 2009, both the Activity Locator and the Cap and save were implemented during a two-week survey involving a group of students of the University of Cagliari (Italy). The students' activity-travel behavior over two survey weeks and their feedback on both the Activity Locator device and Cap and save strategy were then analyzed.
An exploratory analysis of fixed commitments in individual activity-travel patterns
(Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, 2003) Frusti, Teresa; Bhat, Chandra R.; Axhausen, Kay W.
This study examines the presence of fixed commitments in the activity-travel patterns of individuals. Data obtained from a 6-week travel diary survey undertaken in Germany is used in the empirical analysis. The results provide several important insights into the determinants of fixed commitments.
Modeling the commute activity-travel pattern of workers: Formulation and empirical analysis
(Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences, 2001) Bhat, Chandra R.
This paper proposes a methodological framework to analyze the activity and travel patterns of workers during the evening commute. The framework uses a discrete-continuous econometric system to jointly model the decision to participate in an activity during the evening commute and the following attributes of the participation: activity type, activity duration, and travel time deviation to the activity location relative to the direct travel time from work to home. The model parameters are estimated using a sample of workers from the 1991 Boston Household Activity Survey. The paper also presents the mathematical expressions to evaluate the effect of changes in socio-demographic variables and policy-relevant exogenous variables on the temporal pattern of trips and cold starts due to commute stops. The application of the model indicates that failure to accommodate the joint nature of the activity decisions during the evening commute can lead to misdirected policy actions for traffic congestion alleviation and for mobile-source emissions reduction.
A Multidimensional Mixed Ordered-Response Model for Analyzing Weekend Activity Participation
(Elsevier, 2005) Bhat, Chandra R.; Srinivasan, Sivaramakrishnan
The objective of this paper is to examine the frequency of participation of individuals in out-of-home non-work and non-school episodes over the weekend. A multivariate mixed ordered response formulation accommodating the effects of explanatory variables and capturing the dependence among the propensity to participate in different activity types is presented and applied using a San Francisco Bay area travel survey conducted in 2000. The results indicate the important effects of household sociodemographics (income, household structure, and bicycle ownership), individual sociodemographics (age, employment status, gender, and availability of driver's license), internet use, location effects, and day of week/seasonal effects. Interestingly, the results show that motorized vehicle ownership and urban form characteristics of the individual's neighborhood (land-use mix and density) do not have a statistically significant effect on stop-making propensity for any of the activity purposes. The lack of effects of these variables may be due to self-selection of individuals and households into neighborhoods based on their travel preferences. That is, individuals and households may locate themselves based on their motorized vehicle ownership preferences and mobility preferences. In addition to the effect of several variables on stop-making, the model also reveals substitution and complementarity effects among different activity types due to unobserved factors.
Passenger travel demand forecasting
(Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, 2000) Bhat, Chandra R.; Lawton, T. Keith
This paper addresses the importance of travel forecasting, the general direction of emerging forecasting methods, the importance of integrating land use and transportation forecasting, and this committee’s relationship to other committees at the Transportation Research Board (TRB). In particular, the movement from trip-based to activity-pattern or activity-scheduling methods of modeling is emphasized. This includes the explicit treatment of tours and scheduling of tours, leading to the emergence of trips as linked elements within a tour. A tour is defined as the linked trips that take a traveler from home to a series of activities and back to home. The importance of substitution of in-home for out-of-home activities is also addressed. There are many different approaches that can be developed, including process models. The committee also addresses the move from an aggregate approach to a microsimulation of individual and household behavior. This is probably a necessity for activity-based models. This report discusses the committee’s role as a bridge between research and practice. It shows directions for immediate future research and discusses proposals for relationships between this committee and other TRB committees.