Browsing by Subject "Philippines"

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"A great army of instruction" : American teachers and the negotiation of empire in the Philippines
(2013-05) Steinbock-Pratt, Sarah Katherine; Green, Laurie B. (Laurie Beth); Brands, H.W.; Bsumek, Erika; Abzug, Robert; Levine, Philippa; Kramer, Paul A
In the summer of 1901, the United States government began a project of colonial education in the Philippines, sending close to one thousand teachers to the newly-acquired colony. These teachers, called “Thomasites,” were part of a wider justification of empire, which was intimately linked with notions of manly duty, masculine endeavor, and the innate superiority of whiteness. However, all of the American teachers headed for the Philippines, male and female, black and white, engaged with the idea of strenuous living and imperial duty, viewing themselves as personally adventurous, as well as integral members of the imperial project. More so than any other group, these teachers were positioned between the colonial administration and the Filipino people. It was the teachers who were often responsible for implementing colonial policies on the ground and for representing American government and values to Filipinos. Their position as imperial mediators allowed the teachers to create roles for themselves that would not have been possible at home, which both complemented and challenged official visions of empire. Examining these teachers’ negotiations with American officials and Filipinos illuminates the gulf between official policies and the day to day functioning of empire, demonstrating how the implementation of empire on the ground often deviated from the expectations of the colonial state. Rather than construing their experiences as expressions of maternalism – which many scholars argue was the linchpin of women’s Progressive Era politics – white female teachers in the Philippines constructed identities as adventurers, imperial officials and professionals. African American teachers, on the other hand, used their positions within empire to disrupt the linking of civilization and modernity with whiteness. Black teachers argued that their racial sympathy with the Filipino people made them most fit to be benevolent colonizers, and linked racial oppression in the United States to the imperial mission in the Philippines. This dissertation examines how notions of race, gender, and national identity colored quotidian colonial interactions. I argue that these interactions nuance the narrative of American empire and provide deeper understanding of the processes of colonization.
A study on the construction system of the 1730 Jesuit House in Cebu, Philippines
(2020-05) Ulila, Vangie Cheryl C.; Ibarra Sevilla, Benjamín; Jaeschke, Aleksandra, 1976-
Bahay na Bato or "House of Stone" is a hybrid vernacular architecture in the Philippines that started during the Spanish regime and sixteenth-century Chinese migration. It has been a well-studied subject but mostly focused on the architectural features and spatial functions of the domestic architecture. The 1730 Jesuit House presents a rare typology of the Bahay na Bato that sparked interest among scholars. The plan for its restoration became an opportunity to conduct different studies about the ancestral house. Thus, the research supplements the existing body of knowledge and investigates the construction system of the house that provides a wealth of information to the understanding of vernacular architecture in the Philippines. The research focuses on three areas: history, typology, and tectonic. The History chapter attempts to determine when the house was built and who the first owner was. The Typology section defines the significance of the typology in the evolution of vernacular architecture in the country. Lastly, the Tectonic chapter identifies the influences of the construction system that led to the hybridity of the Bahay na Bato. The study employs historical research, site investigation, interviews, and comparative analysis of the construction system in the Philippines, China, and Spain. The results of this study will hopefully help the on-going restoration work and future designation of the Jesuit House as a national cultural heritage of the Philippines. In the bigger picture, the research attempts to provide a deeper understanding of vernacular architecture in the country, which will bring more awareness, appreciation, and protection for all the ancestral houses in the Philippines.
Aurelia Pratt Interview
(2020-10-29) Institute for Diversity & Civic Life
This interview is with Aurelia Pratt, a Chicana woman, and lead pastor to a progressive Baptist Church based in Austin, Texas. The vision of Pratt’s church focuses on decolonizing faith, justice, inclusion, and liberation. Aurelia speaks to the challenges of navigating life as a pastor during the global pandemic and how her personal experiences with racial tension and microaggressions as a brown woman of color have shaped who she is today.
Decentering José Rizal and María Clara : interventions in Filipina femininity and nationalist fiction by Transpacific Filipina writers
(2015-05) Pandy, Leila Grace C.; Heinzelman, Susan Sage; Hsu, Madeline
This report examines of texts written by Transpacific Filipina novelists who produced literature during and after Ferdinand Marcos' dictatorship and scholarship on Philippine literature. The analysis offer a close reading of the ways in which the nation-state has used Rizal, his novel, Noli Me Tangere, and his fictional character, María Clara, to develop and promote nationalism and docility amongst Filipinas and to influence the following gender roles: the virgin, the sex worker, the overseas contract worker, and the activist. This report outlines the process of mythologizing Rizal and María Clara and juxtaposes this political and colonial project to the liberatory projects of Transpacific Filipina writers, Linda Ty- Casper's Awaiting Trespass, Jessica Hagedorn's Dogeaters, and Gina Apostol's The Gun Dealer's Daughter, all produced during and after the Marcos Administration.
Intercolonial currents : printing press and book circulation in the Spanish Philippines, 1571-1821
(2015-05) Hill, Matthew JK; Salgado, César Augusto; McDonough, Kelly S., 1970-; Reed, Cory A; Sutherland-Meier, Madeline; Twinam, Ann
Although the printing and circulation of texts in Spanish America are well-documented phenomena, when it comes to the Philippines they have received far less attention. This dissertation addresses the large gap in scholarship in this area by examining press and book circulation activities in Spanish Manila from 1571 to 1821. Drawing on bibliographical and archival data this dissertation provides a macro-perspective on the role of the printing press in the islands, delineates general patterns of book importation into Manila, and exemplifies each of these trends in micro-perspective through case studies. Through these analyses I argue that the printed word had a constant presence from the beginning of the Spanish domination. I contend that the press in the islands, though relatively weak in comparison to the press in other colonial cities, was both relevant and important in the political, social, and historical development of the colony. Furthermore, I demonstrate that books were imported on a regular basis for educational, recreational, and religious use. Through the printed word, whether imported or produced domestically, Manila became the seat of a strong and vibrant intellectual tradition in the European fashion.
Islands Apart: A Current Look at the Chinese Experience in the Philippines
(2021-05) Masucol, Ethan
This paper assesses patterns of discrimination against the Chinese Filipino community in the Philippines in relation to Sino-Philippine relations. Political science literature suggests that national security threats and interstate conflict will generally result in domestic backlash against related diasporas or ethnic minorities. Maritime disputes between Beijing and Manila in the South China Sea should therefore be expected to have spillover effects on the Chinese Filipino community. Yet, Chinese Filipinos do not face formal discrimination or social ostracization, contradicting the general trend. This disconnect is best explained by two reasons: Chinese Filipinos are largely accepted in Philippine society after their eventual integration as an economically important cultural minority; and the positive aspects of the Philippines’ relationship with China help temper reactionary, nationalistic responses to ongoing territorial disputes. This paper aimed to investigate the unique experience of Chinese Filipinos through a variety of ways, namely: qualitative historical research of the Chinese Filipino community and Sino-Philippine relations; a quantitative content analysis coding changes in rhetoric from the governments of China and the Philippines overtime; and quantitative survey research on Filipino attitudes towards China and ethnic Chinese. Additionally, this paper reviews the troubled history of Chinese Indonesians in relation to Sino-Indonesian relations to highlight differences with the development of the Chinese Filipino community.
Letter to B. Hubendick from H.B. Stenzel on 1963-11-20
(1963-11-20) Stenzel, Henryk B.
Letter to H.B. Stenzel from B. Hubendick on 1961-11-26
(1961-11-26) Hubendick, B.
Letter to H.B. Stenzel from B. Hubendick on 1961-11-26
(1961-11-26) Hubendick, B.
Letter to H.B. Stenzel from Joyce Allan on 1949-06-22
(1949-06-22) Allan, Joyce
Letter to H.B. Stenzel from W.H. Weeks on 1943-09-26
(1943-09-26) Weeks, W.H.
Letter to H.B. Stenzel from W.H. Weeks on 1943-10-06
(1943-10-06) Weeks, W.H.
Letter to Joyce Allen from H.B. Stenzel on 1949-08-01
(1949-08-01) Stenzel, Henryk B.
Letter to R.W. Menzel from H.B. Stenzel on 1968-01-05
(1968-01-05) Stenzel, H.B.
Letter to Robert H. Parker from H.B. Stenzel on 1964-05-20
(1964-05-20) Stenzel, H.B.
Loyalty, disobedience, and the myth of the Black Legend in the Philippines during the Seven Years War
(2013-05) Flannery, Kristie Patricia; Cañizares-Esguerra, Jorge
This paper interrogates the nature of loyalty and disloyalty to Spain in the Philippines during the British occupation of Manila in 1762-1764. It examines the identity and motivations of the thousands of soldiers who joined Simón de Anda’s army that mobilized against the British invaders, as well the Indigenous people who rose up in rebellion in the provinces to the north of Manila during this period, in order to preserve Spanish colonial rule. It also considers the nature of infidelity to Spain in the occupied Philippines. This paper argues that, in a large part due to the cohesiveness of Catholicism among converted Indians, the Spanish empire in the Philippines proved remarkably resilient under the pressure of invasion and occupation. The Black Legend blinded the British to the complexities of the real balance of power in in Manila and the Philippines during the Seven Years War.
Spanish educational policy in the Philippine Islands
(1940) Whitwell, Charles Garland, 1903-; Not available
The centrality of legitimacy and the limitations of the small footprint approach to military operations
(2017-05-05) Sorenson, Quinn David; Inboden, William, 1972-; Miller, Paul D
War must be understood as it is, not as we wish it to be. This dictum of Carl von Clausewitz is as relevant today as it was in his time. Now, in the wake of 15 years of persistent low intensity conflict, policymakers argue over the application of military force in the contemporary threat environment. The Powell Doctrine advocates overwhelming force to ensure victory. Detractors, such as David Kilcullen, argue that overwhelming force in the current environment breeds host nation dependence and resentment among the people, and that a “small footprint” approach is more effective. I argue that neither an application of overwhelming force nor a commitment to a small footprint is appropriate under all circumstances. I argue for the centrality of legitimacy as the necessary objective, and that intervening forces, through a comprehensive strategy of regional engagement, can successfully legitimize an illegitimate regime using direct or indirect methods appropriately tailored to the context. I draw on two successful small footprint operations, the American engagement in the Philippines and the French Intervention in Mali, as case studies to define the characteristics of the regime, insurgency, and intervention that enable success.
Why Did America Cross the Pacific? Reconstructing the U.S. Decision to Take the Philippines, 1898-99 (November 2017)
(Texas National Security Review, 2017-11) Zelikow, Phillip