Browsing by Subject "International trade"

Now showing 1 - 20 of 23
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    Argentina en la ALALC : estadisticas comerciales 1959-1963
    (0000-00-00) Dagnino Pastore, José María
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    Drift and Pluralization in International Trade
    (International Organization, 1974) Beer, Francis A.; Wyner, Elliot Z.
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    Essays in environmental regulation and firm dynamics
    (2011-05) Dardati, Evangelina Alejandra; Corbae, Dean
    In this dissertation, I study the effect of environmental regulation on firm behavior. In the first chapter, I use a dynamic model to quantify the effects on exit, entry, investment and welfare of different allocation schemes of a cap-and-trade program. I focus on allocation rules regarding closing plants and new entrants. I calibrate the model with data from the US power plants and perform two policy experiments: first I quantify the effects of the introduction of a cap-and-trade program; second, I do a counterfactual where I switch the allocation rule and study the effect on the new equilibrium and welfare. In the second chapter of this dissertation, I ask whether multinational firms are harmful for a host country environment. I use plant-level data from Chile and find empirical evidence that multinational are cleaner than domestic plants. Based on the trade literature, I build a model where I add environmental regulation and a technology choice. The model proposes a new explanation of why multinationals firms might be cleaner than their domestic peers. I get policy implications from the model and test them with the data. In the third chapter, I study the relation between free permit allocation in a cap-and-trade program and financial constraints. I use the change in the permit prices and the heterogeneity in permit allocation to identify financial constraints for the investor-owned utilities in the electricity sector.
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    Essays on firms in international trade
    (2021-04-23) Schlupp, Jan Frederik; Coibion, Olivier; Pandalai-Nayar, Nitya; Boehm, Christoph; Flaaen, Aaron
    Macroeconomic phenomena are ultimately the aggregation of a large number of micro decisions. In the case of international trade, decisions at both the plant and the firm level ultimately drive trends in the aggregate data. All three chapters in this dissertation focus on extending our understanding of the decisions made by exporters. In the first chapter,''Agglomeration and Local Spillover Effects of US Exporters'', I extend the study of local area information frictions in the context of exporting. Leveraging a novel dataset of establishment level exports in the US, I show for the first time in the US context that information about foreign demand affects entry and exit decisions into exporting at the county level. I extend a common model of social learning to incorporate the multi-dimensional nature of exporting choices. The second chapter,''The Local-Area Impact of Exporting'', details the creation of the establishment level export dataset. It also uses the novel detailed look into regional trade to show the additional impact of the 2007-2009 collapse in trade during the Great Recession on local labor market outcomes in counties which are more exposed to trade shocks. Partly inspired by the first chapter's observation that intermittent exporting is difficult to rationalize in standard models of trade, the third chapter, ``US exporters between 1993-2017'', documents how the export decisions of US exports vary over their life-cycle. Each of these chapters contributes new understanding of establishment export decisions at the micro-level, and taken together show that as data quality improves, the local environment of firms and exporters will increasingly matter for targeted macroeconomic interventions.
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    Essays on international trade
    (2010-05) French, Scott Thomas; Corbae, Dean; Abrevaya, Jason; Freitas, Kripa; Ramondo, Natalia; Ruhl, Kim
    This dissertation consists of three essays pertaining to the causes of the levels and composition of the international trade flows of nations, and the consequential implications for the levels of per capita income and welfare of their populations. The first of these documents a pattern of comparative advantage in product level, bilateral trade data that conventional quantitative trade models have difficulty explaining. It goes on to develop a theory of product level productivity differences based on endogenous differences in the allocation of research and development into product and process innovation across countries over time, and it shows that, when fitted to cross-country manufacturing wage data, the predicted product level technology distribution is consistent with the observed trade pattern. The second essay shows that the distribution of technology levels inferred in the first essay can help explain the inability of both ad-hoc and theoretically based gravity models of trade to account for the observed positive correlation between the percentage of manufacturing output that is traded and countries' per capita income. It derives a modified gravity equation based on a Ricardian model of trade with deterministic product level technology differences across countries. It then uses estimates from a product level gravity estimation to compute the component of this equation that differs from a conventional gravity equation in order to determine the extent to which the observed concentration of comparative advantage in a common set of products for low-income countries explains the small percentage of their output that is exported. The final essay shows that a simple model of firm profit maximization in the presence of sunk costs of entering the export market is broadly consistent with the observed persistence of exporting behavior in firm level data. It uses this simple model and moments from data on US manufacturing firms to estimate the value of the sunk export entry costs faced by these firms using an indirect inference strategy. These costs are shown to be substantial relative the revenue stream of a typical firm.
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    Essays on international trade and intergenerational human capital transmission
    (2010-05) Cengiz, Gulfer; Freitas, Kripa M.; Corbae, Dean; Kuruscu, Burhanettin; Ramondo, Natalia; Alti, Aydogan
    First chapter aims to quantify the role of trade in capital goods in cross country income differences. I construct a multi-country general equilibrium model of trade along the line of Eaton and Kortum (2002) and Alvarez and Lucas (2007) and introduce trade in capital goods and capital accumulation. In this framework, comparative advantage and the costs of international trade determine the pattern of production, specialization, and trade. I calibrate the model for 53 countries by estimating trade barriers and calibrating productivity parameters to match the bilateral trade data in 1996. The model is used to analyze full trade liberalizations. I find that removing barriers on investment goods accounts a large portion of reducing cross-country income differences and welfare gain. Counterfactual exercises suggest that developing countries gain relatively more than developed countries. In the second chapter, I focus on the impact of free trade on exportimport ratios in two different sectors. I employ a multi-country general equilibrium model of bilateral trade patterns along the line of Eaton and Kortum (2002) and Alvarez and Lucas (2007). I calibrate the model for 20 countries by estimating trade barriers and calibrating productivity parameters to match the bilateral trade data in 1996. The model is used to analyze full trade liberalizations. The impacts of free trade are predicted to be an increase in the export-import ratios in the comparative advantage sector and a decline in the comparative disadvantage sector, on average. In developing countries the average percentage change in export-import ratios exceeds the average percentage change in export-import ratios in developed countries. Finally, in the third chapter, I focus on the intergenerational human capital transmission. I develop and calibrate a theoretical model that considers three mechanisms of intergenerational transmission of human capital: (i) persistence in learning ability; (ii) parental investment in child’s human capital; (iii) higher teaching productivity of parents with more human capital. Within this framework, I find that (i) and (ii) plays important roles while (iii) does not. In addition the model generates the documented fact that higherwage parents spending more time teaching their children in spite of the higher opportunity cost. I asses the role of nature and nurture effects in intergenerational persistence of earnings and I find that nature accounts a large portion of the intergenerational persistence in earnings. I also quantify the relative importance of these mechanisms on wage inequality.
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    Inventory of Freight Transportation in the Southwest. Part III: Air Freight Service in the Dallas / Fort Worth Area
    (Council for Advanced Transportation Studies, 1974-06) Adair, J. Bryan
    This report provides an inventory of existing air freight transportation facilities, services, and practices in the twenty-four Texas and two Oklahoma counties surrounding and including Dallas and Fort Worth. The historical development of the air transportation business in Texas is traced from pre-World War I years, with particular emphasis on the industry expansion that has occurred since the mid-50's. Included in the inventory are details on air tonnages handled, volume trends, an analysis of domestic and foreign air commerce ties, information on airports, freight handling facilities, airlines, air freight forwarders, and commuter air carriers serving the area. In addition, there is a listing of products and commodities commonly shipped to and from the Dallas-Fort Worth region by air. Actual and potential problem areas that are considered for their possible influence on the air freight industry's outlook include: fuel shortages, the deficiency of intermodal freight transfer opportunities, inadequate air freight services for some rural areas, and cargo security
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    Productos exportables, resultados de encuestas
    (0000-00-00) Dagnino Pastore, José María
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    Protection, international trade and growth
    (1986-10) Mantel, Rolf Ricardo; Martirena Mantel, Ana Maria
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    Sobre la uniformidad de las tarifas optimas
    (1981-12) Mantel, Rolf Ricardo; Martirena Mantel, Ana Maria
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