TEXAS BUSINESS REVIEW VOL. XXXVII, NO. 4 APRIL 1963 
Editor: Stanley A. Arbingast I Associate Editor: Francis B. May I Managing Editor: James J. Kelly 
CONTENTS 
77: 	THE BUSINESS SITUATION IN TEXAS by Francis B. May 
79: 	POPULATION ESTIMATES FOR TEXAS COUNTIES, 1961 and 1962 by Godfrey Baldwin and Betty Maynard 
88: 	TEXAS BUILDING CONSTRUCTION IN FEBRUARY by Robert 
M. Lockwood 
89: 	TEXAS RETAIL TRADE by James J . Kelly 
91 : 	LOCAL BUSINESS CONDITIONS 
BUSINESS RESEARCH COUNCIL 
John Arch White, Dean of the College of Business Admin­istration (ex offici,o); John R. Stockton; Jim G. Ashburne, Jessamon Dawe, Stephen L. McDonald, E. W. Mumma, David C. Townsend, and W. T. Tucker. 
COOPERATING FACULTY 
Charles T. C"lark: Associate Professor of Business Sta­tistics 
Robert H. Ryan: Special Instructor in Business Commu­nications 
Kornelis J. Walraven: Assistant Professor of Finance 
The Bureau of Business Research is a member of the Associated University Bureaus of Business and Economic Research 
Puhli:-;hf'.'d month!y by thr. Bureau of Ilushe:•:~ Re~earch, Culler.r.c of 
BUREAU OF BUSINESS RESEARCH Director: John R. Stockton Associate Director and Resources Specialist : Stanley A 
Arbingast Assistant to the Director: Florence Escott Statistician: Francis B. May Administrative Assistant: Juanita Hammons Research Associate: Charles 0. Bettinger, Alfred G. Dale, 
Marie Fletcher, James J. Kelly, Ida M. Lambeth, Robert 
M. 	Lockwood, Margaret Paulissen, Elizabeth R. Turpin 
Research Assistant: Stanley Ault, Rick P. Fisher, Sneed Lary, Theodore ten Broeke Administrative Secretary: Margaret F. Smith Senior Secretary: Elsa Acker Senior Clerk Typist: Linda Beard, Claire Howard, Elnora 
Mixson, Janet Redding Cartographer: Jo Ann Turk, Ellen Wray Library Assistant: Merle Danz Statistical Technician: Eva A. Arias Statistical .4ssistant: Mildred Anderson, Carol Laws, 
Gary Patterson Clerical Assistant : Mike Pettit, Diana Rausch Offset Press Operator: Robert Dorsett, Daniel P. Rosas 

Business Administration, The University of Texas. Au~tin 12. Second-cb!'R 
P0~1a1!~' pai:l at Au~tin, Texas. Con tent of thi::; pub1ication is not copyrighted and may be reproduced freely. Acknowledgment of source will be n11pr<·l'1:1~€d. S11Uscnption, $3.()0 a year; individual copies, 25 cents. 

AFTER RISING IN J ANUARY TO AN ALL-TI ME HIGH OF 138.3% of the 1957-59 monthly average value, the sea­sonally adjusted index of Texas business activity dropped 4% in February. At 132.8% of its base value, the index was 2% above its February 1962 level. The February 
index was still at a level exceeded in a few prior months, and all of these were within the past thirteen months. January and February values of the index were both above their corresponding 1962 values. 
During 1962 the index of Texas business activity main­tained a high level for the first eight months of the year but subsided slightly in the final four months. Taking this fact into account, the index still averaged 9% above 1961. Further, each month of 1962 was above the corresponding month of 1961. The pattern for 1963 seems somewhat similar to 1962 with a large rise at the beginning of the year. It remains to be seen whether the last of the year will repeat the 1962 pattern. If it does 1963 will be a good year for business in general but not an exceptional one. Our standards of comparison are influenced by the terrific rate of growth from 1946 to 1957. This was a period of satisfaction of pent-up World War II demand plus an added boost from the Korean War of several years' duration. Comparison with such an abnormal pe­riod is naturally disadvantageous to a more stable period of growth like the present. 
Miscellaneous freight carloadings in the Southwestern district rose 3% in February after seasonal adjustment. This is the second consecutive rise in the index after its December low. The rails are the backbone of our inter­state transportation system. Without them the country would be paralyzed economically. Their continued eco­nomic health is a matter of national concern. 
Seasonally adjusted production of crude petroleum in ihe state rose 1% in F ebruary. At 91.1 % of its 1957-;)9 monthly average value, the index was 1% below February 1962. The average value of the index for the first two months of this year was 90.7%, down 2.1% from the 92.6% average of the first two months of 1962. This com­parison is based on total monthly production for the months compared, not on daily average production. It is total production that, in the final analysis, is more im­portant than daily average production. Total production is the amount produced for sale in a month. Multiplied by unit price, it yields the value of the oil produced in a given month. This decline in the index suggests that 
Texas is not gaining ground. 

TEXAS BUSINESS ACTIVITY 
Index-Adjusted for seasonal variation-1957-1959=100 

..,_

APHIL 1963 
Average daily crude oil production per well in Texas was 12.7 barrels in February compared with 13.0 barrels in February 1962. 
The Texas Railroad Commission set the April allowable at 28% of maximum permissible output. This is the same allowable as for March. 
Seasonally adjusted total electric power consumption increased 4% in February to a value of 140.8% of the 1957-59 monthly average. The index was 9% above its February 1962 level. In each of the past two months the index has advanced. 
Industrial electric power consumption also rose for the second consecutive month in February. At 130.1 % of the 1957-S9 average the seasonally adjusted index was 6% above January and also 6% above February 1962. Re­ports from the Edison Electric Institute indicate that a high rate of demand for power compared with 1962 has been recorded throughout the country. Cold weather in February caused a high demand for power for heating purposes. 
SELECTED BAROMETERS OF TEXAS BUSINESS 
(1957-59= 100) 
Percent change  
Index  Feb. 1963  Jan 1963  Feb 1962  Feb 1%3 Feb 1963 from from J an 1963 Feb 1962  

Texas business activity ..........132.8 138.3r 130.4 4 + 2 Miscellaneous freight carload­
ings in S.W. district . 75.8 73.5 77.3 + 2 Crude petroleum production . 91.1* 90.2 91.7r + Crude oil runs to stills.... . .. 111.5 113.1 106.5 -+ Total electric power consumption .140.8* 135.4r 128. 7r + 4 + 9 Industrial power consumption .... 130.1* 123.lr 122.8r + 6 + 6 Bank debits ..133.1 139.0 131.3 -4 
+ 
Ordinary life insurance sales .....131.1 117.7 109.4 + 11 + 20 Total retail sales. . . . . . .110.2* 113.4r 108.0r -3 2
+ 
Durable-goods sales ...... . 112.4* 126.2r 108.lr -11 4
+ 
Nondurable-goods sales .. .. ....109.1 * 106.8r 108.0r + 2 + 1 Urban building permits issued. . .139.5 120.6 107 .3 + 16 + 30 Residential ..... ..... 115.3 110.8 111.9 + 4 3
+ 
Nonresidential .......175.9 137.8 94.8 + 28 + 86 
Total industrial production.......114* 112r 111 + 2 s

+ 
Average weekly earnings­rnanufacturing ........... . ... . 110.4* 110.lr 110.5 ** •• Average weekly hours-manufacturing ....100.5• 99.5 101.5 + 1 -1 
Adjusted for seasonal variation. 
*Preliminary. 
rRevised . 

..Change is less than one-half of 1%. 
After dropping in December and January, seasonally adjusted sales of ordinary life insurance rose 11% to a value of 131.1 % of the 1957-59 base period. This was the second highest value on record for the index. It was 20% above February 1962. Resurgence of this kind of post­ponable expenditure indicates that many wage earners are betting there will be no recession this year. This is a positive indication of consumer confidence. 
Total retail sales declined in February after seasonal adjustment because of a drop in sales of durable goods. Sales of nondurables rose 2%. All indexes of retail sales were above their year-ago levels. Automobile sales were 10% above February of last year. 
Nationally, retail sales in February were up 0.2% from their record high in January, taking seasonal factors into account. February automobile output was up 12% over February 1962, giving a major assist to stee other basic industries. Car sales for January and ruary were 13.5% above the same period of 1962. ments of home appliances this year are expected to b above 1962. In the nondurables category, sales of : clothing have been good. Retailers believe that this tends an improved volume of Easter sales becaus1 man of the family is usually quick to postpone pure: of clothing when the economic outlook dims. 
INDEXES OF BUSINESS ACTIVITY, TWENTY SELECTED TEXAS CITIES  
(Adjusted for seasonal variation)  
City Abilene Amarillo  Value of index (1957-59= 100) 1963 F eb J an ... 117.6 124.5 ..124.4 130.1  1962 F eb 127.6 123.3  Percent chan,., Feb 1963 Fel from fi J an 1963 Feb 6 + '  

Austin  ... 165.4  156.7  146.6  +  +I'  
Beaumont  .110.3  118.1  116.2  7  
Corpus Christi .. 116.1 Corsicana ....116.7 Dallas ... ..149.9  108.3 116.6 150.2  112.5 106.1 155.9  + 7 ••••  + +  
El  Paso  ..111.2  120.6  113.3  - 8  
Fort Worth  . . 113.9  114.9  113.0  - 1  +  
Galveston  94.2  107.6  101.7  -12  
Houston Laredo  . . 131.0 .. ... . 136.1  139.1 136.4  122.2 117.4  - 6 ••  + +I  
Lubbock  ......... . 141.2  165.4  130.3  -15  +  
Port  Arthur  96.2  100.9  98.9  5  
San  Angelo  .......111.5  121.3  108.0  8  +  
San  Antonio  ......131.9  139.4  121.7  5  +  
Texarkana  .. . . .. 131. 7  144.6  121.7  9  +  
Tyler  .... . . 114.0  123.4  112.7  8  +  
Waco  ...... . 127.5  128.6  117.6  +  
Wichita Falls  .....116.4  119.5  109.4  3  +  

**Change is less than one-half of 1%. 
The Bureau of Busines Research has utilized the ca· pabilities of the electronic digital computer to prepare in­dexes of business activity for a number of the larger cities in the state. These indexes are based upon season· ally adjusted bank debits corrected for price variation. A compilation of these indexes for January and February and the percentage changes is shown in the accompany· ing table. 
These figures should be interpreted with caution. Small­er geographical areas are subject to wider erratic swings from month-to-month than larger ones. A city at a high level of activity in 1957-59 might show a slower rate of growth than a city at a lower level in the base period simply because of the difference in base period levels. Each monthly figure is a percentage of the average month in the base period. 
The best use of the data is in showing the long-term growth of an individual city. As time goes by, trends should be revealed. It is apparent from the table that most cities in February had levels of business activity that were above February 1962. Austin and Corpus Christi were the only ones showing improvement over January. Corsicana, Dallas, and Laredo held at their January levels. The others showed declines of varying magnitudes. It was this preponderance of declines that caused the drop in the index of Texas business activity. 
The general outlook for business in the state and na­tion favors a continuation of current conditions of high level prosperity with modest growth. 
TEXAS BUSINESS REVIEW 

Population Estimates For Texas Counties, 1961 and 1962 
by Godfrey Baldwin and Betty Maynard Research Associates, Population Research Center Department of Sociology, University of Texas 
)PULATION ESTIMATES AND RELATED GROWTH FIGl'RES ·'each of the 254 counties in Texas for 1961 and 1962 e been compiled in this second in a series of studies 
the subject conducted by the Population Research 1ter.1 The new estimates are based on a formula which 1 substantial improvement over that used to make the 11 estimates. A detailed description of the method ployed in making the estimates is given at the end this article. 
Briefly, the method is a variation on a formula widely ed by the U. S. Bureau of the Census, in which natural crease (excess of births over deaths) between the last deral census and the estimate date is added to an esti­ate of net migration2 over the period to obtain a total 
rowth figure. The total growth figure is then added to 1e population enumerated in the last federal census to >tain the estimate. 

The crucial element in the procedure described above s the estimation of net migration. Stated briefly, the >rocedure involves an estimate of the net migration of -esident scholastics between the last federal census and 
. :he estimate date. Such an estimate can be derived from lata on persons counted in the scholastic census, which is taken annually in each county. Any increase or de­crease in resident scholastics beyond the number attrib­utable to deaths or aging (change in the n um her of scho­lastics due to five-year-olds entering the scholastic age range, 6 to 17 inclusive, and the seventeen-year-olds leav­ing the scholastic category) is indicative of net migra­tion of persons 6 to 17 years of age. It is difficult to attempt to estimate total net migration (i.e., migrants of all ages) from knowledge of the net migration of resident scholastics. For example, what is the total net 
migration for a county when the net migration of resident scholastics over a period is 100? The only way to answer this question is to compute a "migration multiplier." How­ever, a migration multiplier, the ratio of total net mi­gration to scholastic net migration, is difficult to deter­mine and, in fact, it can never be determined with any degree of certainty. This is true because the ratio may vary from time to time and from one county to the next. At the time the 1961 population estimates were made, there was not sufficient information on migration in Texas counties to derive a migration multiplier in a rigorous and systematic way. Consequently, it was neces­sary to select a figure that would yield a very conserva­tive estimate of migration and avoid extreme over­estimates or underestimates. The result was probably to underestimate the total population growth in some coun­ties and to underestimate population loss in others. 
The completion of an extensive investigation of migra­tion in Texas counties over the 1930-60 decade has helped to derive a much more realistic migration multiplier. Giv­en knowledge of the total net migration in a county o\·er the decade3 and an estimate of the net migration of resi­dent scholastics, a comparison of these two numbers pro­vides a basis for determining the migration multiplier. This approach to the problem does not guarantee a high degree of accuracy, but it is definitely far superior to the method employed in making the 1961 estimates. For that reason the new formula has been used to compute revised 1961 population estimates as well as 1962 figures. 
It must be stressed that all methods and formulas for making population estimates are subject to question. In this instance it can only be said that the results of ex­tensive research on the problem indicate that the present method is superior to all alternatives.4 
Population Trends 
Table 1, beginning on page 85, shows the population size and related growth figures for Texas counties over the years 1960, 1961, and 1962 (19.50-60, 1960-61, 1961-62 for the growth figure) . Rather than concentrate on in­dividual counties, the analysis of Table 1 will focus on the over-all features of population trends in the state. 
The state as a whole. Despite losses in numerous coun­ties, the population for the state increased at a substantial rate over the year 1950-62, as the figures below reveal. 
Texas Population size 1960 census ............. . .. 9,579,677 1961 revised estimate .. 9,768,138 1962 estimate ............. . . . . 9,978,146 Average annual growth 1950-60 census figures 186,848 1960-61 revised estimate 188,461 1961-62 estimate 210,008 1960-62 estimate 199,235 Average annual percent growth 1950-60 census figures 2.2% 1960-61 revised estimate ........ . 1.9% 1961-62 estimate 2.1% 1960-62 estimate 2.0% 
Population gro"·th in absobte 1rnrnhers for the state as a whole has conformed to a particular pattern. From one period to the next the average annual increase; has 
APRIL 1963 

Gain Loss Gain Loss Gain Gain
............ 

~Gain Gain Gain 
been greater consistently. Thus, the l!JG0-61 figure ex­ceeds the 19GO-GO figure by less than 2,000, while the 19Gl-G2 inrrease exceeds that for 1960-61 by over 20,000. 
The average annual percent growth of population in the state was somewhat less during l!JG0-61 than it was during either 19ii0-GO or l!rnl-62. !IO\\·ever, the slight clifferenres in rates for the three periods indicate that the population of the state has continued to grow at a fairly stable rate. l\Torcovcr, t~1e rate in each period is well aho\·e the 1w.tional average. 
J\lctropolilrin pop1tlation. Table 2 shows 1!)50-62 popu­lation and related growth figures for the 21 Texas Stand­
ard Metropolitan Statistical Areas (SMSA's) .n Again, the analysis will focus on over-all trends rather than individual units. 
As the fiP-ures shown below reveal, the growth of popu­lation in the Texas SMSA's over the 1950-62 period was not as stable as it was for the state as a whole. 
Texas Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas Total population 
.. 6,072,706
1960 census . 6,237,696 1961 revised estimate . 6,412,358 1962 estimate 
TEXAS BUSINESS REVIEW 

Average annual growth  
1950-60 census figures  ........ . ..  . .  180,526  
1960-61 revised estimate  ....... .  164,990  
1961-62 estimate  174,662  
1960-62 estimate  ....  169,826  
Average annual percent growth  
1950-60 census figures  3.5%  
1960-61 revised estimate  2.7%  
1961-62 estimate  2.8%  
1960-62  estimate  2.7%  

In fact, the average annual growth of the total SMSA population in absolute numbers was considerably different from that of the state. Average annual growth over the 1950-60 decade was larger than that for either 1960-61 or 1961-62, although the increase was somewhat greater during 1961-62 than during 1960-61. The average annual 1960-62 increase was over 10,000 persons less than the corresponding number for the 1950-60 decade. 
From a relatively high growth rate of 3.5% for the metropolitan population over the 1950-60 decade, rates for 1960-61 and 1961-62 dropped to 2.7% and 2.8%, respectively. A comparison of the growth rate over the 1950-60 decade with that for 1960-62 shows that the growth rate for the SMSA's as a whole has been much slower in the first two years of the present decade. 
One feature of population growth in the 21 Texas SMSA's that is not revealed in the above summary figures is the difference in growth rates among the SMSA's. Most of the SMSA's gained population in each of the three periods (1950-60, 1960-61, and 1961-62); however, there are some definite exceptions. One S'.\ISA lost population between 1950 and 1960 while 15 of the other S:\lSA's had positive average annual growth rates of 2.0';~ or more. Between 1960 and 1961 three S:\ISA 's lost population, ancl 12 SMSA's had positit·c a\·erage annual growth rates of more than 2.0%. Three S.:IISA's also lost population be­tween 1961 and 1962, while 11 had a positfre growth rate of more than 2.0%. As for extremely high rates, six SMSA's grew at an aYerage annual rate of 4.0 7<: or more between 1950 and 1960, but the corresponding number is five for 1960-61 and only three for 1961-62. The aboYe ob­servations suggest that in recent years the rate of popula­tion growth has declined in the majority of S.:IISA 's. The exceptions are Austin, San Angelo, San Antonio, Texa1·­kana, Tyler, and Wichita Falls. 
Another interesting fact is that the three S.:IISA's which lost population during 1960-61 actually gained be­tween 1961 and 1962, and the three S.:IISA's that lost population during 1961-62 gained between 1960 and 1961. This indicates that growth trends in some of the S.:IISA's were rather unstable between 1960 and 1962. As an oYer­all summary statement, the rate of population growth in the Texas S'.\1SA's has declined somewhat, and the grO\\·th trends in some of the S.:IISA's have been Yery erratic. 
Loss and gain of population in counties. The summary figures on population loss and gain presented in Table 3 show a trend toward a large number of counties gaining population and a smaller number of counties losing onr the periods 1950-60, 1960-61, and 1961-62. Thus, during 1950-60, 143 counties lost population, while the correspond­ing figure for 1960-61 was 114, and for 1961-62 it was 90. 
Table 

1962 P OPULATION ESTIMATES, 1961 POPULATION ESTIMATES, 1960 CENSUS POPULATION, AND RELATED GROWTH FIGURES FOR TEXAS STANDARD METROPOLITAN STATISTICAL AREAS• 
Population size  Average annual growth  Average annual percent growth  
Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas  1960 census  Revised 1961 estimate  1962 estimate  1950­60  Re­vised es-timate 1960­61  Es-timate 1961­62  E s-timate 1960­62  1950­60  Re­vised es-timate 1960­61  Es-timate 1961­62  Es-timate 1960­62  

Abilene'  120,377  125,321  128,683  3,486  4,944  3,362  4,153  3.4  4.0  2.6  3.3  
Amari1Jo2  149,493  160,743  163,276  6,235  11,250  2,533  6,892  5.3  7.3  1.6  4.4  
Austin3  212,136  218,071  226,176  5,116  5,935  8,105  7,020  2.7  2.8  3.6  3.2  
Beaumont-Port Arthur•  306,016  310,868  316,769  7,037  4,852  5,901  5,377  2.6  1.6  1.9  1.7  
Brownsville-Harlingen- 
San Benito•  151,098  152,193  149,306  2,593  1,095  -2,887  -896  1.9  0.7  -1.9  --0.6  
Corpus Christi'  221,573  218,999  219,640  5,610  -2,574  641  -967  2.9  -1.2  0.3  -0.4  
Dallas'  1,083,601  1.113,359  1,152,215  34,010  29,758  38,856  34,307  3.7  2.7  3.4  3.1  
El Paso•  314,070  323,588  338,467  11,910  9,518  14,879  12,199  4.7  3.0  4.5  3.7  
Fort Worth'  573,215  578,960  585,253  18,057  5,745  6,293  6,019  3.7  1.0  1.1  1.0  
Galveston-Texas  City10  140,364  142,314  145,652  2,730  1,950  3,338  2,644  2.2  1.4  2.3  1.8  
Houstonu  1,243,158  1,288,449  1,347,816  43,646  45,291  59,367  52,329  4.3  3.6  4.5  4.0  
Laredo" Lubbock" Midland" Odessa"  64,791 156,271 67,717 90,995  66,109 161,646 68,128 88,419  66, 104 166,417 68,445 89,961  865 5,522 4,193 4,889  1,318 5,375 411 -2,576  -5 4,771 317 1,542  657 5,073 364 -517  1.4 4.3 9.0 7.3  2.0 3.4 0.6 -2.9  0.0 2.9 0.5 1.7  1.0 3.1 0.5 --0.6  
San Angelo"  64,680  67,320  70,175  570  2,690  2,855  2,773  0.9  4.1  4.2  4.1  
San Antonio1T Texarkana, Texasts Tyler" Waco'° Wichita Falls"  687,151 59,971 86,850 150,091 129,638  716,491 59,789 88,679 152,075 136,175  736,250 61, 155 90,271 150,999 139,328  18,669 -200 1,165 1,990 2,433  29,340 -182 2,329 1,984 6,537  19,759 1,366 1,592 -1,076 3,153  24,550 592 1,961 454 4,845  3.1 --0.3 1.4 1.4 2.1  4.2 --0.3 2.7 1.3 4.9  2.7 2.3 1.8 -0.7 2.3  3.4 1.0 2.2 0.3 3.6  

•Estimates and census figures are for April 1 of each year. 

Counties in each Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area: 1Jones and Taylor; 'Collin, Dallas, Denton and Ellis; " Webb; 17Bexar; "Lubbock; 18Bowie (Miller county, Arkansas, excluded);
'Potter and Randall; 8El Paso; 
'Travis; •Tarrant and Johnson; 

"Midland; 19Smith ; "'Ector; 20McLennan;
'Jefferson and Orange; "Galveston; 

16Tom Green; "Archer and Wichita.
riCameron; Uffarris; 

"Nueces; 

APRIL 1963 Expressed otherwise, the percent of the counties which gained population has increased as follows: 1950-60, 43.7; l!JGO-Gl, 55 .1; l!J61-G2, 64.6. Further study of Table 3 re­veals that counties which have been consistent gainers or consistent losers are in the minority. For example, only 29 counties lost population consistently during each of the three periods, and only 62 gained consistently. From one period to the next, then, gains and losses for individual counties have been erratic. 
Geo.rrraphical variation. The accompanying map reveals ~ome interesting pattems in the geographical distribu-
Table 3 
DISTRIBUTION OF TEXAS COUNTIES AS TO LOSS OR GAIN OF POPULATION, 1950-1962 
1960-1961  
Loss  Gain  
1961-1962  1961-1962  
Loss  Gain  Loss Gain  Total  
1950­1960  Loss  29  52  25 37  143  
Gain  20  13  16 62  111  
Total  49  65  41 99  254  

I 
tered throughout South, West-Central, and West-North­Central Texas. Farming and ranching are the predominant economic activities in most of the counties which lost. 
Twenty counties gained population between 1950 and 1960 but lost during both 1960-61 and 1961-62. Ten of these counties are located in the Permian Basin between Crockett County on the south and Cochran County on the north; the other ten counties are widely scattered. Many of the counties, including those in the Permian Basin that gained during 1950-60 but lost during 1960-61 and 1961­62, are highly dependent on oil extraction. 
Table 4 

DISTRIBUTION OF TEXAS COUNTIES ACCORDING TO 
ESTIMATED AVERAGE ANNUAL GROWTH 
IN ABSOLUTE NUMBERS, 1950-1962 

Number of counties by years Growth in absolute numbers 1950-60 1960-61 1961-62 1960-62 
-3,000 to -1,000  0  3  2  
- 999  to -500  8  18  10  
- 499  to -250  30  21  23  19  
-249  to  - 125  41  33  21  26  
- 124  to  O  64  39  39  40  
0  to  124  28  33  51  64  
125 to 249  18  24  31  so  
250 to  499  22  33  30  82  
500 to  999  18  22  23  17  
1,000  to  4,999  16  19  23  18  
5,ooo+  9  9  
Total  254  254  254  264  

tion of counties classified as to gain or loss of population dul'ing the three periods. 
The 62 counties that gained population in each of the three periods are widely scattered, but they do tend to concentrate in three areas. Eighteen of the 62 are lo­cated on the High Plains stretching from Midland and Howard counties on the southern edge to Hartley, Hans­ford, and Ochiltree counties in the Panhandle, with a cluster of 11 counties between Hartley and Lubbock coun­ties. Another 17 counties in this category are located along a broken belt stretching from Maverick County on the Rio Grande to Cooke and Grayson counties on the Red lliver, with a cluster of eight counties on the northern end around Tarrant, Dallas, and Denton counties. The thi J'(l major concentration of consistently gaining counties is located along the Gulf between Bee and Aransas coun­ties and the Sabine River. There are 18 counties in this gl'oup, and most of them are clustered around Harris and .TefTe!'son counties. The remaining nine counties in the category of consistently gaining counties are scattered in various parts of the state. Several of these counties are metropolitan counties-El Paso, Tom Green, Taylor, Wichita, and Smith. For that matter, many of the con­centrntions of consistently gaining counties have a metro­politan focus. For example, most of the state's large cities, including-Houston, Dallas, San Antonio, and Fort Worth, are located in counties that gained population in each of the three periods. 
Of the 29 counties that Jost population in each period o\·er half (18) are located in two areas of the state­Centrnl and East Texas. The largest concentration is located in Central Texas, centered around Milam, Lee, and Bu!'leson counties, but a smaller group is also located in East Texas on the Louisiana border around Harrison Count,·. The !'est of the counties in this category are scat­
Thirty-seven counties lost population during 1950-60 but gained during 1960-61 and 1961-62; and 52 counties lost during 1950-60 and 1960-61 but gained during 1961-62. These groups are similar in that both lost population during 1950-60 but have gained since 1960 or 1961; there­fore, they are combined in the analysis of their geographi­cal distribution. There are clusters of these counties in almost every section of the state, but they are especially numerous in North-East Texas (between Bosque County and Bowie County) and in an area stretching from the Edwards Plateau in Central Texas to the Red River in West-North-Central Texas. Although no statistics have been computed, it appears that on the average these coun­ties still have a fairly high proportion of the labor force in agriculture but not as high as the proportion in the consistently gaining counties in the Panhandle. 
Of the 13 counties that gained population during 1950­60, lost during 1960-61, but gained again during 1961-62, eight are located in the western half of the state. The 25 counties that lost in 1950-60, gained in 1960-61, but lost again in 1961-62, are scattered throughout the state, al­though there are small clusters in the Big Bend, Edwards Plateau, and the Panhandle. Most of the counties in which the 1960-61 change was different from both 1950-60 and 1961-62 are farming or ranching counties. 
Finally, the 16 counties that gained in 1950-60 and 1960-61 but lost in 1961-62 are more widely scattered than any other type. Four of this group are metropolitan counties. 
Amount of growth in absolute numbers. Despite the shift from more losing to more gaining counties over the three periods ( 1950-60, 1960-61, 1961-62), the relative size of the population changes remained rather stable. From Table 4 it can be seen that about two-thirds of the counties with a declining population lost Jess than 250 persons in all three periods. Population increases were also concentrated in a narrow range, with about one-half of the gaining counties increasing no more than 230 per­sons; but increases of over 1,000 persons were much more numerous than were losses of such a magnitude. 

Two statements summarize the patterns in Table 4. First, in each of the periods the cases of extremely large increases in population far outnumber cases of extremely large losses. And, second, the distribution of counties by amount of loss or gain is very similar for each of the three periods. 
Percent growth. There are two significant growth pat­terns shown in Table 5. First, in each period, the counties with extremely high positive growth rates (5.0% or more) far outnumber counties with extremely high negatiue growth rates. Second, the difference between the number of counties with extremely high positive growth rates and the number with extremely high negative growth rates has increased consistently over the three periods. These patterns suggest that extreme changes in population are most likely to appear in the form of a gain in population rather than a loss and increasingly so in recent years. However, it must be noted that the 1960-61 and 1961-62 figures reveal only shortrun trends. It is too early to fore­cast whether the growth pattern of the 1960's will be fundamentally different from the 1950-60 decade. 
The Estimation Formula and Related Problems 

The 1961 and 1962 population estimates7 shown in Table 1 are based on the following formula: 
M=L+ [(H)(I)] + (J-K) Each variable in this formula is described below: A= Number of potential scholastics for year X. For ex­
ample, the potential scholastics for 1962 (year X in this case) are persons 4-15 enumerated in the Hl60 federal census, and for 1967 it will be persons born during 1960, plus persons 0-11 enumerated in the 1960 federal census. 

B =Number of potential scholastics dying bet,,·een birth or 1960 and year X. If A is a particular potential
1 
scholastic cohort, subtract the number of deaths of Apersons up to year X. For exarnp1e, suppose
1 
A, is persons 2 years of age in the 1960 federal census and X is 1964. Then the deaths of A, is the number of persons two years of age who died in 1960, plus the number three years of age who died in 1961, plus four-year-olds who died dm·ing 1962, plus five-year-olds who died during 19G3. B is thus the number in cohort A dying between 19GO and 196~l 
1 

(inclusive), plus the number in A. dying bet\\'een 1960 and 1963, etc. ­C=Number of persons 6-17 enumeraterl in the 1%0 federal census. D=A-B (two decimal places).
--C­

E =Number of persons enumerated in scholastic census for 1960. 
F = 	D X E (whole number), g1v111g expected number of scholastics in year X with no net migration of scholastics. 
G=Actual number of scholastics enumerated in scholastic census for year X. H== G -F, the increase or decrease of scholastics at­tributable to migration. 
APRIL l!l<i~ 
I= :\Iigration multiplier, which is taken as the ratio of the total population to th0 number of persons 6-17 years of a.t;e in 10<i0. 
.J = Nnmber of resident hidhs hpt\,·ec'n l!JGO and year X (e.g., wlwn X is 1!16:!, it is the number 0f hirths during 1%0 and 1961). 
K =Number of resident deaths between 19()0 and year X. L = Resident 1960 population acco!·ding to the federal census of 1960. :\I= Estimated population for year X. 
The migration multipliei'. As noted earlier, the crucial :actor in the estimation formula is the migration mul­tiplier. The first step take!1 in the computation of a mi­gration multiplier for each Texas county \\'as to detennine the 19CO potential number of persons G-17 years of age 
(hencefoi'th refened to as sc/iolr1sti,·s), giwn the age 
Table 5 

DISTRIBUTION OF TEXAS COUNTIES ACCORDING TO AVERAGE ANNUAL PERCENT GROWTH OF POP LATIO ', 1950-1962 
Number of counties by yearsAverage annual percent growth 1950-60 1960-61 1961-62 1960-62 
-15.0 to -5.0  0  13  4  
-4.9 to -4.0  2  11  3  
-3.9 to -3.0  15  14  11  9  
-2.9 to -2.0  34  18  19  10  
-1.9 to -1.0  51  26  24  35  
-0.9 to 0.0  41  32  29  34  
0.0 to 0.9  29  35  34  45  
1.0 to 1.9  32  25  40  39  
2.0 to 2.9  18  30  32  27  
3.0 to 3.9  12  17  18  22  
4.0 to 4.9  14  11  14  14  
5.0+  6  22  26  12  
Tctal  254  254  254  254  

romposition of the collnty's population in 1!).SO and the births and deaths in the county during the 19;)0-60 decade. In this instance the 19GO potential nl1mber of scholastics is all persons 0-i yC;ars of ag-e in 19,30 plus all persons born beh\·een April 1, 1950, and April 1, HVi4. Subtrac­tion of the estimated number of deaths of potential scho­lastics from the total yielc!s the c:xpected number of scho­l<:st!cs in 19GO. The difference bet\\·een the number of ex­pected scholastics in 19GO ai1cl the num~)er of persons G-17 years of axe eP1'.mernted i;1 the 1960 federal census is in­<licatinc! of ret migration. If the 191l0 expected number of scholastics in a county is l;)(), but the number of persons G-17 years of age enumer::ited in the 19GO federal census is 200, then the estima+e of net migration of sd10Jastics over the decade 1000-GO is ;)0. 
Since the total net migration owr the ~-ears 1900-GO is kno·.,-n for each county, the division of total net migra­tion by the estimat!!. of scholastic Ioet mil!'rntion yields a migration multiplier for each county (refcned to as tl":e olitnii!€d rnig-ration multiplier) . For example, if the J'.l.'iO­GO total net migration is ;)()() and the estimated schola;;t ic net migration is l'.?3, then the o/,trii;;Nl mi?.:i·ation nrnl­tiplier is 1.00 (i.e., a gain of oue ;;ch01astic from mirua­tion represents a 1rnin of four ?'1i'.!'ra1'ts of all aQ·es) . In most cases this oncrntion yields a plausible multiph"r. Ho\\·e,·e:-, the problem in this case is the county with a \'el'Y small amount of migration. To ilhst•·ate, if a co•.rnt:.· gainer! only tv:o scholastics f:·om rnil!'"ation, it may ha.,·e lost a i"e·,•: persons as f'a!· ::-ts tot<tl n1 igTo.L on is co1~ecrncd; and, in s•.1ch a case, it is not possible to compute a mi­gration multiplier. Then there may be cases when a county gained three scholastics from migration but gained 30 from total migration. In such a case, the obtained migration multiplier would be 10.00, but this extremely high value is more likely to reflect nothing more than minor errors in the estimates of deaths of potential scholastics, inac­curacies in the 1950 federal census enumeration and/or inaccuracies in the enumeration of the 1960 federal census. 
Rather than use extremely high or extremely low ob­tained migration multipliers for some counties (most of which have a very small population), the decision was made to compute a state total (the sum of all counties) of estimated scholastic net migration and total net migra­tion. The division of the latter by the former yields an obtained migration multiplier of 4.35. This migration multiplier of 4.35 for the state as a whole was found to correspond very closely to the 1960 ratio of the total population of the state to the number of persons 6-17 years of age, the ratio being 4.26. Further analysis of census figures revealed that the ratio of total intercounty migrants (persons who in 1960 did not reside in the same county as 1955) to intercounty migrants 6-17 years of age is 4.25.8 
These comparisons suggest that there is a fairly close relationship between the obtained migration multiplier and the ratio of the total population to persons 6-17 years of age. Further substantiation is found by inspection of the two figures for individual counties. Generally, coun­ties with a high obtained migration multiplier also have a high age ratio, and the reverse is also generally true. Moreover, there is a generally close agreement between the age ratio and the obtained migration multiplier in counties with a large population, where minor errors are least likely to create extremely high or extremely low obtained migration multipliers. Finally, in a large percent of the counties the ratio of the total population to persons 6-17 years of age is between 3.35 and 5.35, values that are within 1.00 of the obtained migration multiplier for the state as a whole. All of these observations thus sug­gest that the use of the ratio of the total population to persons 6-17 years of age as the migration multiplier is justified. 
'See 11 Population Estimates for Texas Counties, Standard Metropolitan 
Stntistical Areas, and Urbanized Areas, April l, 1961," Texas Business l/,.,,jew, XXXVI (January 1962), pp. 7-8. 
:!Net migration is the balance between the number of in-migrants and the number of out-migrants over a given period. 
•see Jerome Glynn and Sanford Labovitz, "Population Growth in Texas Counties. 1950-60," Texas Busines.• Review, XXXV (May 1961) , !JP. 6-11, for a brief description of the method used to determine total 
nl•t mi gration for counties over the 1950-60 decade. 4This condusion is based on the use of various methods to predict (in 
rdrnspect) the 1960 popuh\tion of counties. 
!''All of the growth figures are reduced to an average annual basis 50 a·; to mnke them comparable. Average annual growth in absolute num­
\)(>rs is computed on the basis of the formula: P., = (P, -P,) /T, where 
P11 is the avernge annual growth in absolute numbers, p is the popula­
tion size at the beginning of the period, P, is the population size at the end of the period, and T is the number of years in the period. The average annual percent growth (Pr) is computed as follows: 
(P,-P,)/T Pr ~ --·-------100. Thh~ formula gives a much more realistic 
<P,+P,)/2 
avt•rnge annual growth rate than does the simple interest formula: 
(P2 -P1)/T 
--·
-----100. P, 
':Sin<'e our concern is with the Texas metropolitan population, the 
84 
Other possible sources of inaccuracy. Although the ma­jor question in the use of the present formula is the mi­gration multiplier, there are several other possible sources of inaccuracy. The formula assumes the accuracy of the 1960 federal census and each annual scholastic census over the years 1960-62. It further assumes the reliability of the following vital statistics over the years considered: deaths of potential scholastics, total deaths, and total births. 
As further research on the subject is undertaken, it may be possible to make adjustments for the various possible sources of inaccuracy.9 It may also be possible to consider certain refinements in the method. However, it is neither feasible nor desirable to attempt three possible refinements. The natural increase component of the estimation formula is based on births and deaths during the calendar year rather than from April 1 of one year to April 1 of the next year. Since the federal census is taken on April 1, births and deaths should be reckoned on that date rather than from January 1 of one year to January 1 of the next. However, since births and deaths are not reported for counties on a monthly basis, the numbers between April 1 of one year and April 1 of the next can only be estimated. Comparisons of the estimated number with the number occurring between January 1 of one year and January 1 of the next reveal no great differences; consequently, little would be gained by at­tempting this adjustment. Still another consideration is the fact that the scholastic census is taken in Jan­uary, while the federal census is taken on April 1. The discrepancy between the two dates is not desirable; however, again, experimentation has revealed that ad­justment of the figures to take into account the dis­crepancies between the dates has very little effect on the results. Finally, although adjustments can be made for under-enumeration of births and deaths, research findings on the subject suggest that registration is now so nearly complete that little is gained by attempting any adjust­ments. 
Although minor changes may be made in the future, the basic features of the estimation formula will be re­tained in making annual population estimates up to the year of the next federal census, 1970. 
figures on the Texarkana Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area exclude Miller County, Arkansas. 
'The exception is Harris County. Analysis of census data revealed in this instance that on the basis of aging of the population 4-17 years of age and deaths in that age range over the years 1960 and 1962, the resident scholastic population should have been Sll,711 in 1962 witllout any gain or loss from migration. Yet, the 1962 scholastic census figure on resident scholastics in Harris County is only 308,536, which indi­cates a loss of 3,176 resident scholastics between 1960 and 1962 due to migration. This finding is so much out of line with general observations on signs of population growth in Harris County that it appears very likely that the 1962 scholastic census in the county produced a gross underestimation of resident scholastics. Consequently, rather than employ questionable scholastic figures, the 1961 and 1962 population estimate• 
(and related growth figures) for Harris County were computed on the basis of an extrapolation of the 1960 ratio of population to passenger car registrations. 
•see U. S. Bureau of the Census, U. S. CenBUB of Population: 1960. PC{!)-45D (Washington: U. S. Government Printing Office, 1962), THble 100. Figures on migrants of less than five years of age were estimated (by assuming the same proportion of migrants as among the 5-9 age group), and figures for the 6-17 age group were estimated from census data on age groups 5-9, 10-14, and 16-19. 
•one possibility in this connection is to adjust for under-enumeration in the 1960 federal census. However, at present, there is not sufficient information on the subject to attempt an adjustment. 
TEXAS BUSINESS REVIEW 

Table 1 

1962 POPULATION ESTIMATES, 1961 REVISED POPULATION ESTIMATES, 
1960 CENSUS POPULATION, AND RELATED GROWTH FIGURES FOR TEXAS COU TIES* 

Population size Average annual growth Average annual percent growth 
Re- Re­ 
vised  vised  
Revised  es­timate  Es­timate  Es­timate  es­timate  Es­timate  Es-timate  
1960  1961  1962  1950­ 1960­ 1961­ 1960­ 1950­ 1960­ 1961­ 1960­ 
Counties  census  estimP.te  estimate  60  61  62  62  60  61  62  62  

Anderson  28,162  28,581  29,097  -371  419  516  468  -1.2  1.5  1.8  1.6  
Andrews  13,450  13,033  12,612  845  -417  -421  -419  9.2  -3.1  -3.3  -3.2  
Angelina Aransas  39,814 7,006  40,107 7,428  40,809 7,608  378 275  293 422  702 180  498 301  1.0 4.9  0.7 5.8  1.7 2.4  1.2 4.1  
Archer  6,110  6,237  6,231  -71  127  -6  61  -1.1  2.1  -0.1  1.0  
Armstrong Atascosa  1,966 18,828  2,154 18,854  2,257 18,509  -25 -122  188 26  103 -345  146 -160  -1.2 -0.6  9.1 0.1  4.7 -1.8  6.9 -0.9  
Austin  13,777  13,831  13,942  -89  54  111  83  -0.6  0.4  0.8  0.6  
Bailey Bandera  9,090 3,892  9,726 4,060  9,499 4,148  150 -52  636 168  -227 88  205 128  1.8 -1.2  6.8 4.2  -2.4 2.1  2.2 3.2  
Bastrop Baylor Bee  16,925 5,893 23,755  16,770 5,974 24,442  17,209 6,084 24,626  -270 -98 558  -155 81 687  439 110 184  142 96 436  -1.5 -1.5 2.7  -0.9 1.4 2.9  2.6 1.8 0.7  0.8 1.6 1.8  
Bell  94,097  100,209  104,276  2,027  6,112  4,067  5,090  2.4  6.3  4.0  5.1  
Bexar  687,151  716,491  736,250  18,669  29,340  19,759  24,550  3.1  4.2  2.7  3.4  
Blanco  3,657  3,433  3,493  -12  -224  60  -82  -0.3  -6.3  1.7  -2.3  
Borden  1,076  999  1,029  -3  -77  30  -24  -0.3  -7.4  3.0  -2.3  
Bosque Bowie  10,809 59,971  10,482 59,789  10,629 61,155  -103 -200  -327 -182  147 1,366  -90 592  -0.9 -0.3  -3.1 -0.3  1.4 2.3  -0.8 1.0  
Brazoria Brazos Brewster Briscoe Brooks  76,204 44,895 6,434 3,577 8,609  78,627 45,378 6,666 3,570 8,485  81,247 45,216 6,583 3,660 8,654  2,966 651 -88 5 -59  2,423 483 232 -7 -124  2,620 -162 -83 90 169  2,522 161 75 42 23  4.8 1.6 -1.3 0.1 -0.7  3.1 1.1 3.5 -0.2 -1.5  3.3 -0.4 -1.3 2.5 2.0  3.2 0.4 1.2 1.2 0.3  
Brown Burleson Burnet Caldwell Calhoun Callahan Cameron Camp Carson Cass Castro Chambers Cherokee Childress Clay Cochran Coke Coleman Collin Collingsworth Colorado Comal Comanche Concho Cooke Coryell Cottle Crane Crockett Crosby Culberson Dallam Dallas Dawson Deaf Smith Delta Denton De Witt Dickens Dimmit Donley Duval Eastland  24,728 11,177 9,265 17,222 16,592 7,929 151,098 7,849 7,781 23,496 8,923 10,379 33,120 8,421 8,351 6,417 3,589 12,458 41,247 6,276 18,463 19,844 11,865 3,672 22,560 23,961 4,207 4,699 4,209 10,347 2,794 6,302 951,527 19,185 13,187 5,860 47,432 20,683 4,963 10,095 4,449 13,398 19,526  25,600 10,835 9,017 17,353 16,989 8,693 152,193 7,983 7,993 22,840 9,095 10,593 33,071 8,434 7,841 6,151 3,511 12,360 41,984 6,480 18,724 19,801 12,447 3,919 23,126 26,069 4,133 4,411 4,071 10,613 2,792 6,398 977,195 19,694 14,109 5,192 51,268 20,824 4,999 10,086 4,348 13,397 19,216  25,750 10,729 8,689 17,067 17,311 8,826 149,306 8,099 8,006 23,857 9,405 10,779 33,248 8,431 8,065 5,940 3,553 12,785 42,886 6,394 18,718 19,707 12,939 3,992 23,497 30,466 4,432 4,522 3,919 10,465 3,070 6,377 1,011,718 20,315 14,799 5,279 53,923 20,427 5,384 9,854 4,315 13,544 19,587  -388 -182 -109 -213 737 -116 2,593 -89 93 -324 351 251 -557 -370 -155 49 -46 -305 -45 -286 89 349 -365 -141 41 768 -189 73 23 77 97 -134 33,673 7 408 -310 607 -229 -221 -56 -177 -225 -442  872 150 -342 -106 -248 -328 131 -286 397 322 764 133 1,095 -2,887 134 116 212 13 -656 1,017 172 310 214 186 -49 177 13 -3 -510 224 -266 -211 -78 42 -98 425 737 902 204 -86 261 -6 -43 -94 582 492 247 73 566 371 2,108 4,397 -74 299 -288 111 -138 -152 266 -148 -2 278 96 -21 25,668 34,523 509 621 922 690 -668 87 3,836 2,655 141 -397 36 385 -9 -232 -101 -33 -1 147 -310 371  511 -224 -288 -78 360 449 -896 125 113 181 241 200 64 5 -143 -239 -18 164 820 59 128 -69 537 160 469 3,253 113 -89 -145 59 138 38 30,096 565 806 -291 3,246 -128 211 -121 -67 73 31  -1.5 -1.5 -1.1 -1.2 5.7 -1.4 1.9 -1.1 1.3 -1.3 4.9 2.7 -1.6 -3.6 -1.7 0.8 -1.2 -2.2 -0.1 -3.7 0.5 1.9 -2.7 -3.2 0.2 3.8 -3.7 1.7 0.6 0.8 4.2 -1.9 4.3 0.0 3.7 -4.2 1.4 -1.0 -3.6 -0.5 -3.3 -1.5 -2.0  3.5 -3.1 -2.7 0.8 2.4 9.2 0.7 1.7 2.7 -2.8 1.9 2.0 -0.1 0.2 -6.3 -4.2 -2.2 -0.8 1.8 3.2 1.4 -0.2 4.8 6.5 2.5 8.4 -1.8 -6.3 -3.3 2.5 -0.1 1.5 2.7 2.6 6.8 -12.1 7.8 0.7 0.7 -0.1 -2.3 O.Ot -1.6  0.6 -1.0 -3.7 -1.7 1.9 1.5 -1.9 1.4 0.2 4.4 3.4 1.7 0.5 o.ot 2.8 -3.5 1.2 3.4 2.1 -1.3 o.ot -0.5 3.9 1.8 1.6 15.6 7.0 2.5 -3.8 -1.4 9.5 -0.3 3.5 3.1 4.8 1.7 5.0 -1.9 7.4 -2.3 -0.8 1.1 1.9  2.0 -2.0 -3.2 -0.5 2.1 5.4 -0.6 1.6 1.4 0.8 2.6 1.9 0.2 0.1 -1.7 -3.9 -0.5 1.3 1.9 0.9 0.7 -0.3 4.3 4.2 2.0 12.0 2.6 -1.9 -3.6 0.6 4.7 0.6 3.1 2.9 5.8 -5.2 6.4 -0.6 4.1 -1.2 -1.5 0.5 0.2  
APRIL 1963  85  

Table 1 (continued) 
Population size  Average annual growth  Average annual percent growth  
Counties  1960 census  Revised 1961 estimate  1962 estimate  1950­60  Re­vised es­timate 1960­61  Es­timate 1961­62  Es­timate 1960­62  1950­60  Re­vised es­timate 1960­61  Es­timate 1961­62  Es­timatc 1960­62  

Ector 90,995 88,419 89,961 4,889 -2,576 1,542 -517 7.3 -2.9 1.7 -0.6 
2,142 2,503 -59 -175 361 93 -2.3 -7.8 15.5 3.9
Edwards 2,317 
Ellis 43,395 42,912 43,688 -225 -483 776 147 -0.5 -1.1 1.8 0.3 El Paso 314,070 323,588 338,467 11,910 9,518 14,879 12,199 4.7 3.0 4.5 3.7 
16,236 16,625 16,747 -220 389 122 256 -1.3 2.4 0.7 1.6
Erath 
Falls 21,263 20,425 20,080 -546 -838 -345 -592 -2.3 -4.0 -1.7 -2.9 Fannin 23,880 23,468 23,550 -737 -412 82 -165 -2.7 -1.7 0.3 -0.7 Fayette 20,384 20,210 20,034 -379 -174 -176 -175 -1.7 -0.9 -0.9 -0.9 
Fisher 7,865 8,075 8,077 -316 210 2 106 -3.3 2.6 0.0 1.3 Floyd 12,369 13,063 13,158 183 694 95 395 1.6 5.5 0.7 3.1 Foard 3,125 2,991 3,131 -109 -134 140 3 -3.0 -4.4 4.6 0.1 Fort Bend 40,527 40,989 41,864 947 462 875 669 2.6 1.1 2.1 1.6 Franklin 5,101 5,117 5,268 -116 16 151 84 -2.0 0.3 2.9 1.6 Freestone 12,525 12,369 12,270 -317 -156 -99 -128 -2.2 -1.3 -0.8 -1.0 Frio 10,112 10,131 10,139 -25 19 8 14 -0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 Gaines 12,267 11,988 11,790 336 -279 -198 -239 3.2 -2.3 -1.7 -2.0 Galveston 140,364 142,314 145,652 2,730 1,950 3,338 2,644 2.2 1.4 2.3 1.8 Garza 6,611 6,465 6,573 33 -146 108 -19 0.5 -2.2 1.7 -0.3 Gillespie 10,048 10,056 10,032 -47 8 -24 -8 -0.5 0.1 -0.2 -0.1 Glasscock 1,118 1,087 1,078 3 -31 -9 -20 0.3 -2.8 -0.8 -1.8 Goliad 5,429 5,235 5,273 -79 -194 38 -78 -1.4 -3.6 0.7 -1.5 Gonzales 17,845 17,261 17,412 -332 -584 151 -217 -1.7 -3.3 0.9 -1.2 Gray 31,535 31,299 30,558 681 -236 -741 -489 2.4 -0.8 -2.4 -1.6 Grayson 73,043 74,393 74,447 258 1,350 54 702 0.4 1.8 0.1 1.0 Gregg 69,436 71,705 73,094 818 2,269 1,389 1,829 1.3 3.2 1.9 2.6 Grimes 12,709 12,487 12,330 -243 -222 -157 -190 -1.7 -1.8 -1.3 -1.5 Guadalupe 29,017 28,723 29,186 363 -294 463 85 1.3 -1.0 1.6 0.3 Hale 36,798 37,547 37,737 859 749 190 470 2.6 2.0 0.5 1.3 Hall 7,322 7,595 7,888 -361 273 293 283 -4.0 3.7 3.8 3.7 Hamilton 8,488 8,372 8,182 -217 -116 -190 -153 -2.3 -1.4 -2.3 -1.8 Hansford 6,208 6,534 6,766 201 326 232 279 3.9 5.1 3.5 4.3 Hardeman 8,275 8,028 8,706 -194 -247 678 216 -2.1 -3.0 8.1 2.5 Hardin 24,629 25,115 26,058 509 486 943 715 2.3 2.0 3.7 2.8 Harris 1,243,158 1,288,449 1,347,816 43,646 45,291 59,367 52,329 4.3 3.6 4.5 4.0 Harrison 45,594 44,670 44,250 -215 -924 -420 -672 -0.5 -2.0 -0.9 -1.5 Hartley 2,171 2,457 2,738 26 286 281 284 1.3 12.4 10.8 11.6 Haskell 11,174 11,030 11,531 -256 -144 501 179 -2.1 -1.3 4.4 1.6 Hays 19,934 20,384 20,629 209 450 245 348 1.1 2.2 1.2 1.7 
Hemphill 3,185 3,040 3,085 -94 -145 45 -50 -2.6 -4.7 1.5 -1.6 

Henderson 21,786 

22,226 23,389 -162 440 1,163 802 -0.7 2.0 5.1 3.6 Hidalgo 180,904 183,196 184,405 2,046 2,292 1,209 1,751 1.2 1.3 0.7 1.0 Hill 23,650 22,897 22,971 -763 -753 74 -340 -2.8 -3.2 0.3 -1.5 
Hockley 

22,340 22,053 22,300 193 -287 247 -20 0.9 -1.3 1.1 -0.1 Hood 5,443 5,318 5,264 16 -125 -54 -90 0.3 -2.3 -1.0 -1.7
Hopkins 18,594 18,992 19,553 -490 398 561 480 -2.3 2.1 2.9 2.5 

Houston 19,376 

19,439 19,768 -345 63 329 196 -1.6 0.3 1.7 1.0Howard 40,139 40,353 41,202 1,342 214 849 532 4.0 0.5 2.1 1.3
Hudspeth 3,343 3,370 3,416 -96 27 46 37 -2.5 0.8 1.4 1.1

Hunt 

39,399 40,114 40,228 -333 715 114 415 -0.8 1.8 0.3 1.0
Hutchinson 34,419 34,708 34,049 284 289 -659 -185 0.9 0.8 -1.9 -0.5

Irion 1,183 1,156 1,071 -41 -27 -85 -56 -2.9 -2.3 -7.6 -5.0

Jack 7,418 7,348 7,113 -34 -70 -235 -153 -0.4 -0.9 -3.2 -2.l

Jackson 14,040 14,085 13,748 -1.l
112 45 -337 -146 0.8 0.3 -2.4
Jasper 22,100 
22,214 23,071 205 114 857 486 1.0 0.5 3.8 2.2
Jeff Davis 1,582 1,442 1,550 -51 -140 108 -16 -2.8 -9.3 7.2 -1.0
Jefferson 245,659 248,338 252,785 5,058 2,679 4,447 3,563 2.3 1.1 1.8 1.4
Jim Hogg 5,022 5,196 5,053 -37 174 -143 16 -0.7 3.4 -2.8 0.3
Jim Wells 34,548 34,163 34,118 656 -385 -45 -215 2.1 -1.1 -0.1 -0.6
Johnson 34,720 35,719 36,759 333 999 1,040 1,020 1.0 2.8 2.9 2.9
Jones 19,299 19,393 20,151 -285 94 758 426 -1.4 0.5 3.8 2.2
Karnes 14,995 14,959 15,348 -214 -36 389 177 -1.3 -0.2 2.6 1.2
Kaufman 29,931 29,380 29,631 -124 -551 0.9 -0.5
251 -150 -0.4 -1.9

Kendall 5,889 5,898 5,780 47 9 -118 -55 0.8 0.2 -2.0 -0.9
Kenedy 884 851 878 25 -33 27 -3 -3.3 -3.8 3.1 -0.3
Kent 1,727 1,767 1,663 
-52 40 -104 -32 -2.6 2.3 -6.l -1.9 
16,800 18,234

Kerr 19,052 278 1,434 818 1,126 1.8 8.2 4.4 6.3
Kimble 3,943 3,921 4,174
King -68 -22 253 116 -1.6 -0.6 6.3 2.9 
640 609 558 -23 -31 -51 -41 -3.0 -5.0 -8.7 -6.8
Kinney 2,452 2,463 2,657
Kleberg -22 11 194 103 -0.8 0.4 7.6 4.0 
30,052 30,851 30,234 806 0.3
799 -617 91 3.1 2.6 -2.0 

86 TEXAS BUSINESS REVIEW 
Table 1 (continued) 
Population size Average &nnual growth Average annual percent growth 
Re- Re­ 
vised  vised  
Counties  1960 census  Revised 1961 estimate  1962 estimate  1950­60  es-timate 1960­6.1  Es­timatc 1961­62  Es-timate 1960­62  1950­60  es-timate 1960­61  Es­timate 1961­62  Es­timate 1960­62  

Knox  7,857  7,677  7,855  -223  -180  178  -1  -2.5  -2.3  2.3  O.Ot  
Lamar  34,234  33,987  34,132  -880  -247  145  -51  -2.3  -0.7  0.4  -0.1  
Lamb  21,896  22,265  22,634  188  369  369  369  0.9  1.7  1.6  1.7  
Lampasas La Salle  9,418 5,972  9,194 6,000  9,493 6,080  -51 -151  -224 28  299 80  38 54  -0.5 -2.2  -2.4 0.5  3.2 1.3  0.4 0.9  
Lavaca  20,174  20,150  20,211  -199  -24  61  19  -0.9  -0.1  0.3  0.1  
Lee  8,949  8,886  8,702  -120  -63  -184  -124  -1.3  -0.7  -2.1  -1.4  
Leon  9,951  10,259  10,075  -207  308  -184  62  -1.9  3.0  -1.8  0.6  
Liberty Limestone  31,595 20,413  31,883 19,801  31,738 19,954  487 -484  288 -612  -145 153  72 -230  1.7 -2.1  0.9 -3.0  -0.5 0.8  0.2 -1.1  
Lipscomb Live Oak  3,406 7,846  3,560 7,791  3,625 7,668  -25 -121  154 -55  65 -123  110 -89  -0.7 -1.4  4.4 -0.7  1.8 -1.6  3.1 -1.1  
Llano Loving Lubbock  5,240 226 156,271  5,159 235 161,646  5,213 260 166,417  -14 Ot 5,522  -81 9 5,375  54 25 4,771  -14 17 5,073  -0.3 O.Ot 4.3  -1.6 3.9 3.4  1.0 10.1 2.9  -0.3 7.0 3.1  
Lynn McCulloch  10,914 8,815  10,818 8,665  11,692 9,115  -12 -289  -96 -150  874 450  389 150  -0.1 -2.8  -0.9 -1.7  7.8 5.1  3.4 1.7  
McLennan McMullen Madison Marion Martin Mason Matagorda Maverick Medina Menard Midland Milam Mills Mitchell Montague Montgomery Moore Morris Motley Nacogdoches Navarro Newton Nolan Nueces Ochiltree Oldham Orange Palo Pinto Panola Parker Parmer Pecos Polk Potter Presidio Rains Randall Reagan Real Red River Reeves Refugio Roberts Robertson Rockwall Runnels Rusk Sabine San Augustine San Jacinto San Patricio San Saba Schleicher  150,091 1,116 6,749 8,049 5,068 3,780 25,744 14,508 18,904 2,964 67,717 22,263 4,467 11,255 14,893 26,839 14,773 12,576 2,870 28,046 34,423 10,372 18,963 221,573 9,380 1,928 60,357 20,516 16,870 22.880 9,583 11,957 13,861 115,580 5,460 2,993 33,913 3,782 2,079 15,682 17,644 10,975 1,075 16,157 5,878 15,016 36,421 7,302 7,722 6,153 45,021 6,381 2,791  152,075 1,187 7,004 7,624 5,066 3,859 27,338 14,910 18,966 3,109 68,128 21,662 4,437 11,371 14,833 27,146 14,095 12,061 3,180 28,570 34,363 10,060 18,353 218,999 10,209 2,117 62,530 20,241 16,692 23,328 9,955 11,982 13,919 121,934 5,528 3,002 38,809 3,271 1,980 15,451 17,188 11,023 1,047 15,748 5,778 14,757 36,207 7,333 7,555 6,158 44,672 6,607 2,921  150,999 1,224 7,048 7,378 5,147 3,843 28,144 15,867 19,185 3,034 68,445 21,413 4,395 11,967 14,705 28,526 13,628 12,126 2,984 28,431 34,465 9,647 18,437 219,640 11,127 2,244 63,984 19,909 16,608 23,682 10,508 12,271 13,447 121,846 5,507 2,999 41,430 3,184 2,178 15,713 17,237 10,734 1,069 15,486 5,896 14,406 35,843 7,248 7,778 6,184 44,002 6,829 3,044  1,990 1,984 -1,076 -7 71 37 -125 255 44 -212 -425 -246 -47 -2 81 -117 79 -16 419 1,594 806 222 402 957 189 62 219 -121 145 -75 4,193 411 317 -132 -601 -249 -153 -30 -42 -310 116 596 -218 -60 -128 234 307 1,380 142 -678 -467 314 -515 65 -109 310 -196 -228 524 -139 -549 -60 102 -46 -312 -413 -85 -610 84 5,610 -2,574 641 336 829 918 26 189 127 1,979 2,173 1,454 336 -275 -332 -238 -178 -84 135 448 354 380 372 553 202 25 289 -233 58 -472 4,221 6,354 -88 -189 68 -21 -127 9 -3 2,014 4,896 2,621 66 -511 -87 -40 -99 198 -617 -231 262 590 -456 49 86 48 -289 4 -28 22 -375 -409 -262 -28 -100 118 -176 -259 -351 -593 -214 -364 -127 31 -85 -112 -167 223 -102 5 26 918 -349 -670 -229 226 222 -6 130 123  454 54 150 -336 40 32 1,200 680 141 35 364 -425 -36 356 -94 844 -573 -225 57 193 21 -363 -263 -967 874 158 1,814 -304 -131 401 463 157 -207 3,133 24 3 3,759 -299 50 16 -204 -121 -3 -336 9 -305 -289 -27 28 16 -510 224 127  1.4 -0.6 -1.7 -2.3 -0.9 -2.7 1.8 1.7 1.1 -3.4 9.0 -0.6 -2.9 -2.4 -1.4 0.9 1.0 2.9 -3.2 -0.8 -1.5 -0.4 -0.4 2.9 4.4 1.4 3.9 1.8 -1.3 0.6 4.9 1.8 -1.6 4.5 -3.0 -3.5 8.4 1.9 -1.8 -3.3 4.0 0.8 0.4 -2.1 -0.5 -1.1 -1.5 -1.6 -1.3 -1.5 2.3 -3.0 -0.2  1.3 6.2 3.7 -5.4 O.Ot 2.1 6.0 2.7 0.3 4.8 0.6 -2.7 -0.7 1.0 -0.4 1.1 -4.7 -4.2 10.2 1.9 -0.2 -3.1 -3.3 -1.2 8.5 9.3 3.5 -1.3 -1.1 1.9 3.8 0.2 0.4 5.4 1.2 0.3 13.5 -14.5 -4.9 -1.5 -2.6 0.4 -2.6 -2.6 -1.7 -1.7 -0.6 0.4 -2.2 0.1 -0.8 3.5 4.6  -0.7 3.1 0.6 -3.3 1.6 -0.4 2.9 6.2 1.1 -2.4 0.5 -1.2 -1.0 5.1 -0.9 5.0 -3.4 0.5 -6.4 -0.5 0.3 -4.2 0.5 0.3 8.6 5.8 2.3 -1.7 -0.5 1.5 5.4 2.4 -3.4 -0.1 -0.4 -0.1 6.5 -2.7 9.5 1.7 0.3 -2.7 2.1 -1.7 2.0 -2.4 -1.0 -1.2 2.9 0.4 -1.5 3.3 4.1  0.3 4.6 2.2 -4.4 0.8 0.8 4.5 4.5 0.7 1.2 0.5 -1.9 -0.8 3.1 -0.6 3.0 -4.0 -1.8 1.9 0.7 0.1 -3.6 -1.4 -0.4 8.5 7.6 2.9 -1.5 -0.8 1.7 4.6 1.3 -1.5 2.6 0.4 0.1 10.0 -8.6 2.3 0.1 -1.2 -1.1 -0.3 -2.1 0.2 -2.1 -0.8 -0.4 0.4 0.3 -1.1 3.4 4.4  
APRIL 1963  81  

Table 1 (continued) 
Population size  Average annual growth  Average annual percent crowth  
Counties  1960 census  Revised 1961 estimate  1962 estimate  1960­60  Re­vised es­timate 1960­61  F.s­timate 1961­62  F.s­timate 1960­62  1960­60  Re­vised es­timate 1960­61  F.s­timate 1961­62  F.o­timate 1960­62  

Scurry Shackelford Shelby Sherman Smith Somervell Starr Stephens Sterling Stonewall Sutton Swisher Tarrant Taylor Terrell  20,369 3,990 20,479 2,605 86,350 2,577 17,137 8,885 1,177 3,017 3,738 10,607 538,495 101,078 2,600  19,094 3,800 20,286 2,884 88,679 2,424 17,859 9,123 1,141 2,974 3,703 10,906 543,241 105,928 2,609  19,119 3,722 20,348 2,791 90,271 2,528 18,297 9,334 1,194 3,029 3,613 11,463 548,494 108,532 2,567  -241 -1,275 -101 -190 -300 -193 16 279 1,165 2,329 4 -153 319 722 -171 238 -11 -36 -66 -43 -1 -35 236 299 17,724 4,746 3,771 4,850 -59 9  25 -78 62 -93 1,592 104 438 211 53 55 -90 557 5,253 2,604 -42  -625 -134 -66 93 1,961 -25 580 225 9 6 -63 428 5,000 3,727 -17  -1.1 -2.2 -1.4 0.6 1.4 0.1 2.1 -1.8 -0.9 -2.0 O.Ot 2.5 3.9 4.6 -2.0  -6.5 -4.9 -0.9 10.2 2.7 -6.1 4.1 2.6 -3.1 -1.4 -0.9 2.8 0.9 4.7 0.3  0.1 -2.1 0.3 -3.3 1.8 4.2 2.4 2.3 4.5 1.8 -2.5 5.0 1.0 2.4 -1.6  -3.2 -3.5 -0.3 3.4 2.2 -1.0 3.3 2.6 0.8 0.2 -1.7 3.9 0.9 3.6 -0.7  
Terry Throckmorton  16,286 2,767  16,569 2,764  16,928 2,891  318 -85  283 -3  359 127  321 62  2.2 -2.7  1.7 -0.1  2.1 4.5  1.9 2.2  
Titus  16,785  16,960  16,913  -52  175  -47  64  -0.3  1.0  -0.3  0.4  
Tom Green  64,630  67,320  70,175  570  2,690  2,855  2,773  0.9  4.1  4.2  4.1  
Travis  212,136  218,071  226,176  5,116  5,935  8,105  7,020  2.7  2.8  3.6  3.2  
Trinity Tyler Upshur Upton Uvalde  7,539 10,666 19,793 6,239 16,814  7,532 10,535 19,882 5,982 17,624  7,365 10,700 19,856 5,709 17,649  -250 -63 -103 93 80  -7 -131 89 -257 810  -167 165 -26 -273 25  -87 17 32 -265 418  -2.8 -0.6 -0.5 1.6 0.5  -0.1 -1.2 0.4 -4.2 4.7  -2.2 1.6 -0.1 -4.7 0.1  -1.2 0.2 0.2 -4.4 2.4  
Val Verde  24,461  24,970  24,912  783  509  -58  226  3.8  2.1  -0.2  0.9  
Van Zandt  19,091  19,448  19,065  -350  357  -383  -13  -1.7  1.9  -2.0  -0.1  
Victoria Walker Waller Ward Washington Webb Wharton Wheeler Wichita Wilbarger Willacy Williamson Wilson Winkler Wise Wood Yoakum Young Zapata Zavala  46,475 21,475 12,071 14,917 19,145 64,791 38,152 7,947 123,528 17,748 20,084 35,044 13,267 13,652 17,012 17,653 8,032 17,254 4,393 12,696  47,396 21,635 12,590 14,264 18,904 66,109 37,648 7,948 129,938 18,180 19,742 34,904 13,459 13,038 17,506 18,267 8,026 16,593 4,146 12,638  48,748 22,772 13,043 14,176 19,132 66,104 37,628 7,610 133,097 18,577 19,340 34,337 13,536 12,646 17,538 18,501 7,772 16,164 4,444 12,520  1,523 131 11 157 -140 865 208 -237 2,504 -280 -84 -381 -141 359 87 -366 369 44 -1 150  921 160 519 -653 -241 1,318 -504 1 6,410 432 -342 -140 192 -614 494 614 -6 -661 -247 -58  1,352 1,137 453 -88 228 -5 -20 -338 3,159 397 -402 -567 77 -392 32 234 -254 -429 298 -118  1,137 649 486 -371 -7 657 -262 -169 4,785 415 -372 -354 135 -503 263 424 -130 -545 26 -88  3.9 0.6 0.1 1.1 -0.7 1.4 0.6 -2.6 2.3 -1.5 -0.4 -1.0 -1.0 3.0 0.5 -1.9 6.0 0.3 O.Ot 1.3  2.0 0.7 4.2 -4.5 -1.3 2.0 -1.3 0.0 5.1 2.4 -1.7 -0.4 1.4 -4.6 2.9 3.4 -0.1 -3.9 -5.8 -0.5  2.8 5.1 3.5 -0.6 1.2 o.ot -0.1 -4.3 2.4 2.2 -2.1 -1.6 0.6 -3.1 0.2 1.3 -3.2 -2.6 6.9 -0.9  2.4 2.9 3.9 -2.6 o.ot 1.0 -0.7 -2.2 3.7 2.3 -1.9 -1.0 1.0 -3.8 1.6 2.3 -1.6 -3.3 0.6 -0.7  

*E stimates and census figures are for April 1 of each year. tChange is negative but Jess than .1 of 1%. 
TEXAS BUSINESS REVIEW 



Texas Retail Sales 

by James J. Kelly 
RETAIL SALES IN TEXAS IN FEBRUARY SHOVfED A DECLINE 
of 3% from the January level of sales. The estimate 
of total sales of retail stores was $888.4 million for 
the month. This decline in the figures, which are not ad­
justed for seasonal variation, indicates not so much that 
February was a poor month for retail business as it does 
that January was a good one. Total January retail sales 

were estimated at $915.9 million. Compared to February 
of last year, the estimate of total retail sales in Texas 
for this February was up 2%. 
Sales of durable goods in Texas rose only slightly in 
February when compared to January sales. The estimate 

of total durable goods sales in the state was $347.8 mil­
lion for February, an increase of 1 % from the previous 
month, and up 4% from the same month a year ago. 
This 1 % increase in durable goods sales was not enough 
to offset a 5% drop in February from January in the 
estimate of total nondurable goods sales in the state. An 
estimated $540.6 million worth of nondurable goods were 
sold in Texas in February; although this was a 5% de­
crease from January sales, the estimated value was still 
1% above what it had been in February of last year. 
Sales of automotive stores in Texas rose a slight 1% 

in February above January sales; this rise was added to 
an exceptionally good sales month this January. Sales of 
automobile dealers remained high throughout the state 
as well as nationally. Automobile manufacturers were 
optimistic that they could continue to sell new cars at a 
record rate. Sales of new passenger cars in the nation 
this February were better than sales had been for any 
February since 1955. In mid-March, the automobile mak­
ers announced they would keep production high through­
out the second quarter of 1963. 
Automobile production has shown substantial growth in the postwar period, but the industry has been subject to sharp cyclical and irregular movements. Prompted by the evident importance of the widespread effect of auto­mobile production of many industries and in view of the wide fluctuations in auto output and sales, the Depart­ment of Commerce recently published a statistical series -designated as auto product-that can be compared di­rectly to gross national product. 
The auto product series includes expenditures for pas­senger cars from many different sources, including per­sonal consumption spending, government purchasing, busi­nes investment, exports, and imports. The high point in the postwar series was reached in 1955 when output of passenger cars accounted for more than 5% of gross na­tional product. Three years later, in 1958, the industry's production had dropped to a ratio of 3%, or about what it was in 1947 when conversion to peacetime production was underway. In 1962 the ratio was almost 4%. Deliv­eries of 1963-model cars in the fourth quarter of 1962 were at a record annual rate of more than 7 million, and this rate of deliveries continued into January and February 1963. 
Sales in the several categories of nondurable goods be-

APRIL 1963 
haved in a way which closely approximated the normal seasonal anticipation; even though the net effect was to show a 1 % increase in the estimate of total nondurable goods sales in the state. Sales of apparel stores in Texas normally drop 20 % in February from Janua1T. This war the drop was 21 %. This category includes f~mily cioth­ing stores, women's ready-to-,,·ear stores, men's and boys' clothing stores, and shoe stores. 
Sales of drugstores in the state dropped Ir-;. in Feb­ruary, although the normal seasonal decrease from Janu­ary is 4</c. Eating and drinking places had sales 47c less than in January as did service stations. Stores in these categories normally do about 5'7c less business in Feb­ruary than in the previous month. 
Food stores did a little better than the anticipated 7 '} decrease expected; sales actually were down only 2 ~( 
Sales of florists rose 4%, and nurseries in Texas showed a 16% increase in February sales over what they had been in January. 
RETAIL SALES TRENDS BY KINDS OF BUSINESS 
Source : Bureau of Business Research in cooperation with the Bureau of 
the Census, U. S. Department of Commerce 
Percent change 
Normal seasonal* Actual 
Number of reporting Feb Feb 1963 Feb 1963 Jan-Feb 1963 establish-from from from from 
Kind of business ments Jan Jan 1963Feb 1962Jan-Feb 1962 
DURABLE GOODS  
Automotive  storest  371  + 17  + 1  + 6  + 8  
Furniture & household  
appliance  storest  .... .. 168  -7  -11  -2  + 2  
Lumber, building material, and hardware stores .. . 264  +16  + 8  -5  ••  
NONDURABLE GOODS  
Apparel  stores  ··­ 263  -20  -21  -6  -2  
Drug  stores  175  -4  -1  + 3  + 1  
Eating and drinking places  89  -5  -4  ••  -1  
Food stores  ............ _377  -7  -2  + 2  + 2  
Gasoline and service  
stations  64  -5  -4  + 1  -2  
General merchandise  
storest  ............309  -12  -12  -4  ••  
Other  retail  storest.  . . . 287  -3  + 1  + 4  + 3  

•Average seasonal change from preceding month to current month. 
••Change is less than one-half of 1%. 
tincludes kinds of business other than classification listed. 


Intentions of consumers to buy were sun·eyecl by the Bureau of the Census in January. The study, conducted quarterly, revealed that consumers said they \\"Oulcl buy as many new automobiles this year as last year and that they expected to buy more used cars and ne"· homes than last year. Household appliance manufacturers and retail store operators were giYen some cause for optim;sm as a result of the survey. Intentions to hu~· apphtnccs \':ithin the next six months sho\\"ed increased 1·esponse, particu­larly for these household items : ,\·ashing machines, re­frigerators, television sets, air conditioners, clothes dry­ers, radios, phonographic equipment, and clish"·ashers. The Census Bureau emphasizes that the sun·ey seeks out reports by consumers of their intentions t-0 buy. If inten­tions expressed in January are borne out, new and used car dealers and household appliance stores should ha,-e good sales in the first half of 1963. 
Texas Building Construction 




In February 
by Robert M. Lockwood 

LED BY A Sl!RGE IN NONRESIDENTIAL ACTIVITY, THE SEA­sonally adjusted index of total new construction authori­zations in Texas rose in February to 139.5% of the Hl57-5!J average, the highest level attained by the index since the record 152.3% of August 1961 and the highest February figure in the 16-year history of the construc­tion index. The February index was 16% above the level of January 1963 and 30% above that of February a year ago. At 115.3% of the 1957-59 average, the residential category increased slightly over the figures for J~nuary 1963 and February 1962. Non residential construction au­thorizations accounted largely for the strong February showing. At 175.9% of the base period average, the sea­sonally adjusted index of nonresidential construction au­thorizations in February was 28% above the January fig­ure and 86% ahead of the level of February 1962. 
Both the estimated dollar valuations and the seasonally adjusted index of residential construction activity in the state did little more than hold their own over last month and February a year ago. Valuation and index advanced about 4% last month, largely on account of a small but steady increase in the big component, single-family homes. Multiple-family dwelling dollar valuations declined, fol­lowing a slight falling off in apartment building permits. The slowdown in apartment building activity last month, however, was more than offset by the strong January showing. This is reflected in the apartment authorization dollar valuations for the first two months of this year, which are almost double those for the comparable period last year. 
Residential dollar valuations for the first two months of 1963 are running somewhat ahead of those for the same period last year. This increase, however, is wholly attributable to apartment building activity, which totals, in dollar values almost twice the figure for January­Fehruary 1!)62. The picture in the metropolitan areas, where most of the state's residential construction is con­centrated, illustrates what is happening. In single-family homes, both dollar valuations and number of units were down-13% and 17%, respectively-during the first two months of this year compared to the same period last year. One-family dwellings represent some 70% of total residential dollar volume. The other important component of residential building, apartments, makes up about 20% to 2G% of residential valuations. During January and February 1963 apartment valuations in the state's metro­politan areas increased 98%, and apartment units in­creased 82'1{. Apartments still are carrying far more than their share of the residential construction activity through­out the state. 
Sizable office building projects in Dallas and Austin pushed the office-bank category of nonresidential construc­tion to a dollar vahrntirm ahout five times that of Jann­a r~· . The unexpected strength of this category raised the 
90 seasonally adjusted index of nonresidential construction to the fourth highest level it has attained, making Feb­ruary the best of the last 13 months and the strongest February in the 16 years of the index. In dollar volume the office-bank buildings component comprised about 40% of the February nonresidential construction total. Falling off somewhat from its January level, when it led non-
ESTIMATED VALUE OF BUILDING AUTHORIZED 

Source: Bureau of Business Research in cooperation with the Bureau of the Census, U. S. Department of Commerce 
Percent change Feb J an-Feb 1963 1963 Feb 1963 Jan-Feb 1963 from from Classification (thousands of dollars) Jan 1963 Jan-Feb 1%~ 
ALL PERMITS .. $137,656 $260,845 + 12 + 
New construction 123,025 23'..897 + 10 + 
Residential (housekeeping) 67,692 132,727 + 4 + 3 One-family dwellings. 48,989 93,G90 + 10 -13 Mult iple-family 
dwellings 18,703 39,037 -8 + 88 
Nonresidential buildings 55,333 102, l 70 + 18 + 8 Nonhousekeeping 
buildings 
(residential) 3,195 4,772 + 103 + 132 Amusement buildings 233 991 -69 -50 Churches 2,970 4.740 + 68 + 10 Industrial buildings 2,059 9,670 -73 + 97 Garages (commercial 
and private) 791 l,38ii + 33 •• Service stations n48 1,724 + 22 -19 Hospitals and 
institutions 2,176 6,478 -4n -38 Office-bank buildings 21,449 26,039 + 367 -28 Works and utilities. 3,365 4,041 + 398 + 14 Educational 
buildings 10,950 26,848 -31 + 21 Stores and mercantile buildings 5,655 12,501 -17 + 1 Other buildings and structures . .. 1,542 2,981 + 7 Additions, alterations, and repairs 14,631 25,948 + 29 + 35 
tAs defined in 1960 Census. 
**Change is less than one-half of 1%. 


residential construction categories, educational buildings made up about 20% of February dollar valuations in non­residential authorizations. 
In other nonresidential categories greater or lesser ad­vances in dollar valuations were recorded in hotels, mo­tels and tourist courts, churches, commercial garages, service stations and repair garages, and works and utili­ties. Among the categories which registered declines dur­ing February were amusement buildings, industrial build­ings, private garages, hospitals, and stores and mercantile buildings. 
Estimated valuations of nonresidential construction authorized during the first two months of 1963 total about 11% more than those for the same period last year. Almost two-thirds of this total is accounted for by three categories: office-ha· ·; buildings, educational build­ings, and stores and me. ..:antile buildings. The offices and banks and school categories so far are running almost ex­actly equal this year, each having contributed about 26% to the first two months' total estimated valuations. 
TEXAS BUSINESS REVIEW 


LOCAL BUSINESS CONDITIONS 

As a reader's guide to better utility of retail sales data, an average percent change from the preceding month has been computed for each month of the year. This percent change is marked with a dagger (t) following that figure. The next percent change represents the actual change from the preceding month. A large variation in the normal sea­sonal from the actual figure represents an abnormal month. The third percent change shows the change from the identical period the preceding year. Postal receipt in­formation which is marked by an asterisk (.. ) indicates cash receipts received during the four-week postal account­ing period ended March 1, 1963, and the percent changes from the preceding period and the comparable period in 
Percent change 

Feb 1963  Feb 1963  
Feb  from  from  
City and item  1963  Jan 1963  Feb 1962  

ABILENE (pop. 90,368)  
Retail sales  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  - 3t  
Automotive  stores  . . . . . . .  + 17t  
Drug  stores  .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .  - 4t  
General merchandise stores. . . . . . . . .  -12t  
Postal  receipts•  ............. . ..... . S  119,276  

Building permits, leas federal contracts $ 1,633,621 
Bank debits (thousands) .... .. .......$ End-of-month deposits (thousands) i . .$ Annual rate of deposit turnover. . . . . . Employment (a rea) . . . . . . . . . . 
Manufacturing employment (area) . Percent unemployed (area). . . . . 
ALPINE 	(pop. 4,740) 
Postal receipts* .$ Building permits, leas federal contracts $ Bank debits (thousands) . . .........$ End-of-month deposits (thonaands) i .$ Annual rate of deposit turnover... .. . 
AMARILLO (pop. 137,969) 
Retail sales ...... ...... .. .... .... . .. Apparel stores .. .. .. .. .. ....... . . . Automotive stores . . . . . Eating and drinking places..... . . . Fornltnre and household 
appliance et.ores ... ... . . . ...... . General merchandise stores .. . Lnmber, building material, 
and hardware stores. . ... . . Postal receipts• .................S 
Building permits, leas federal contracts $ 3,358,57.5 
Bank debits  (thousands) . . ........ . .. $  226,409  
End-of-month deposits  (thousands) i . .$  122,788  
Annual rate of deposit turnover. .. . ..  21.7  
Employment  (area)  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  53,200  
Manufacturing  employment  (area) .  5,990  
Percent nnemployed  (area) . . . . . . . . . .  5.0  

ANDREWS (pop. 11,135) 
Postal receipts• . . . . . ............. S Building permits, leas federnl contracts $ Bank debits (thousands) .... . ........S End-of-month deposits (thousands) i . .S Annual rate of depoelt turnover..... . 
APRIL 1963 
9,106 93,987 5,429 7,541 
8.1 99,823 69,993 
17.0 
36,450 4,600 
6.7 
4,935 25,250 2,883 3,901 
8.6 
-3t -20t 
+ 	17t 5t 
7t -12t 
+ 16t 224,62.5 
-11 -	4 
-12 •• 
-	5 
** 
-17 -	3 
-	8 + 15 
-15 	8 7 
-12 	2 1 5 
+ 29 
-18 + 26 -62 -41 -17 + 6 -5 + -11 + 4 
+ 	2 
-17 + 15 
+ 16 -18 -5 4 
-15 4 -23 -12 
+ 
9 + 2 -l·l + 20 

+ 
1 + 32 -17 


** 
-3 + 4 -14 -4 
+ 	4 
+ + 10 
+ 	4 -7 
- 10  + 37  
- 36  + 10  
- 11  - 3  
- 12  -15  
- 11  + 7  

the previous yC'ar. Annual pristal data are for 13 four-week periods falling closest within 1961 and 196~ calendar years. Changes less than one-half of 1 percent are marked with a double asterisk (**). Waco retail sales information is reported in cooperation with the Baylor Bureau of Business Re:;carch. End-of-month deposits as reported represent monPy on deposit in individual demand deposit accounts 
on the last day of the month and arc indicated by the symbol (t). All population figures are final 1960 census data, with the exceptions of those marked (r) which are official revisions. Figures under Texarkana with the fol­lowing symbol ( §) are for Texarkana, Texas, only. 

+ 
40 -21 


Percent rhang-c  
Feb 1963  Fob 1%3  
Feb  from  from  
City and item  1963  Jan rn63  Feb 1%2  
ARANSAS PASS (pop. 6,956)  
Postal receipts• ............. . ......S  4,237  -33  + 4  
Building permits, leas federal contrac:ts $  15,200  -80  -31  
Bank debits (thousands) . . ... . ..... . . $  4,176  +  + 11  
End-of-month deposits (thonaands) i. $  6,127  2  + 1  
Annual rate of deposit turnover..... .  8.7  + 4  -6  

ARLINGTON (pop. 44,775) 
Retail sal"" 
Apparel stores -20t Automotive stores + 17t Lnmber, building material, 
and hardware lltores . . . . . . . . . . + 16t Postal receipts• .... .. _.............S 51,137 Building permits, leas federal contracts $ 4,2 J.l ,131 
Bank debits (thouaando) . . .... . .. $ End-of-month deposits (tbouaands) i. $ Annual rate of deposit turnover .. .. . . Employment (area) .. . . . ..... . 
Manufacturing employment (area). Percent unemployed (area) ....... . . . 
ATHENS (pop. 7,086) 
Postal receipts• ...... . .. . . . . .......$ Building permits, less federal contracts $ Bank debits (thousands) . . ...$ End-of-month deposits (thousands) i . .$ Annual rate of deposit turnover. . . . . . 
AUSTIN 	(pop. 186,545) 
Retail •ales Apparel stores ................ . Automotive stores ........... . Drug stores ....... . . .. .... . Fnrniture and household appliance stores General merchandise stores. Lumber, building material, and hardware stores. Postal receipts• ... ...........$ 
Building permits. leas federal contracts $11,6' 2,526 
Bank debits  (thousands) . . . . . . .  . $  291,416  
End-of-month deposits (thousands) t  .$  169,916  
Annual  rate of depoeit turnover .  21.1  
Employment  (area)  . . . . . . .  85,.100  
Manufacturing employment  (area) .  5.820  
P ercent  unemployed  (area). .. . . . .  3.8  

35,07~ 27,84~ 
15.6 
216,700 50,675 
5.3 
9,928 226,400 10,114 9,881 
12.1 
-3t -20t 
+ 	17t 4t 
7t -12t 
+ 16t 464,923 -26 + 12 
+ 10 + 	1 
-23 
-12 + 8 +r,37 -t 277 11 _._ G 
+ 7 + 21 -11 -12 
o• •• 
+ 
<O -4 + 
** + 23 
+.;70 
4 + 39 
+ 2 + 11 
+ 20 
-4 •• -18 2 
•• + 3 
+ 	4 + 
-17 -12 -13 -13 

+ 	9 •• 
-16 + 19 
+ 46 +104 
3 + 12 
+ 6 + 9 
-1 + 9 
•• + 3 + + 6 91 

Local Business Conditions  Percent change Feb 1963 Feb 1963  Local Business Conditions  Percent change Feb 1963 Feb 1968  
Feb  from  from  Feb  from  from  
City and item  1963  Jan 1963  Feb 1962  City and item  1963  Jan 1963  Feb 1962  
BAY CITY (pop. 11,656) Retail sale:s Automotive etorea . .... . . .. . .... .  +  17t  - 3  -17  BORGER (pop. 20,911) Postal receipts• .. . . ...... . . . . . .. ...$ Buildinir permits, less federal contracts S  17,052 198,371  -32 -10  -12 + 50  
Post.al  receipts•  . . . . . .. . ....... ... . . $  10,877  -41  +  Nonagricultural  placements  .... .  68  - 21  -56  
Bank debits (thousands) . . .. ... . . . ...$ End-of-month deposits (thousands) i . .$ Annua l rate of deposit turnover. Nonagricultural placements  13,524 22,369 7.2 70  -28 •• -27 -10  3 -39  BRADY (pop. 5,338) Postal receipts• ... . ...$ Ru:lding permits. less federal contracts $  4,459 57,675  -28 -55  -10 +125  
BAYTOWN (pop. 28,159)  Bank debits (thousands) . . . . . . . . S End-of-month deposit8 (thousands) l S  4,552 7,199  -21 -2  +  
Retail sales  - 3t  + 2  - 19  Annual  rate of deposit turnover. .  7.5  - 19  
Automotive  stores  +  17t  - 10  -21  
Food stores . .. Post.al rtoeeipt.o• .. . . .. . . . . . $ Bu ilrling permits, less federal contracts $ Bank debits (thousands) . .S End-of-month deposits (thousandsJi. . $ Annual rate of depooit turnover . . .. . . Employment (area) Manufacturing employment (area) . Percent unemployed (area) .  -7t 31,866 408,224 27,529 27,462 12.0 542, 700 91,300 4.8  -1 -12 + 15 -10 -1 -11 + 1 -1 -14  -12 + 36 + 14 + 2 + 15 -10 + 6 -4 + 14  BRENHAM (pop. 7,740) P ostal receipts• . . . . . .. . . .. . . S Building permits, less federal contract. $ Bank debits (thousands) . . . . . S End-of-month deposits (thousands) i . .S Annual rate of deposit turnover.... . Nonagricultural placements ... . . 9,647 48,480 9,211 13,182 8.4 42 BROWNSVILLE (pop. 48,040)  -5 -82 -19 + 1 -18 + 27  + 80 -76 -8 + 6 -12 + 14  
BEAUMONT (pop. 119,175) Retail sales Apparel stores . . .. . ...... ..•... . . . Automotive stores Furniture and hou•ehold appliance et.ores General mer(' handise Btoree . Lumber, building material, and hardware stores. . . . . Postal recel pu• ... .. .... $ -3t -20t + 17t -7t -12t + 16t 127,558  5 + 2 8 -13 -10 -14  •• -16 + 5 2 -11 -38 + 10  Retail sales ..... .. ... .. .. .. . ..... .. . Automot ive slores . . . . ... . . . .. ... . Lumber, building material. and hardware stores.... .. ... .. . . Postal receipts• .. ... . . .. . ..... .. ...S Building permits, less federal contracts $ Bank debit.a (thousands) . .. .. . . .. . .. . $ End-of-month deposits (thousands):. . S A nnuai rate of deposit turnover. . . . . Nonagricultural placements . ..... .. .  3t + 17t + 16t 38,639 146,261 36,519 23,267 19.1 241  -10 -14 -14 + 2 + 68 -11 + 8 7  -10 -7 + 18 -29 + 31 + 9 + 20 -39  
Building permits, lcsa federal contracts $ Bank debits (thousands) . . . S End-of-month deposits (thousands) i .. $ Ann ual rate of deposit turnover. . . . . . Employment (area) .. .. . .... . . Manufacturing employment (area) . Percent unemployed (area) . . ... . .  636,758 159,801 107,575 17.9 105,300 34,300 8.3  -25 -17 *'~ -15 ** •• ••  -66 4 2 1 + 19  BROWNWOOD (pop. 16,974) Retail sales ...... . ...... . . .... .. ... . Apparel stores .. . . ...... .. . . .. .. . . Postal receipts• . . ..... . . .. .. .. . ... .$ euilding permits, less federal contracts S Bank debits (thou!lallds) .. . . . . . . . .. . . S End-of-month deposits (thousands)l..$ 3t -20t 28,510 2,100 15,361 13,208  -9 -9 -18 -95 -10 -4  + 3 -10 + 16 -94 3 + 2  
BEEVILLE (pop. 13,811) Postal receipts• . . . . ... . . .. . .... .S  13,151  - 8  + 31  Annual rate of deposit turnover. .. . . . Nonagricultural placements .... . .. . .  13.7 75  -7 + 32  -5 -43  
Building permits, less federal contract. $ Bank debits (thousands) . . . . .. . . . . $ End-of-month deposits (thou•ands) i .. $ Annual rate of deposit turnover.. . . . . Nonagricultural placements . . . . .  37 ,315 9,985 14,697 8.3 118  -72 -18 + 3 -17 + 20  -41 + 6 + 7 ** -16  BRYAN (pop. 27,542) Retail sales Automotive stores . ..... . ..... . . . . Food stores . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... .• ...  -3t + 17t -7t  -- 2 6 ••  + 9 + 18 ••  
Lumber, buildlnir material.  
BIG SPRING (pop. 31,230) Retail sale• Drug stores Furniture and household appliance stores . . . .... .. . . . . .. . Lumber. building material,  3t 4t 7t  -18 + 4 -16  -13 -10 + 16  and hardware stores . ....... . ... . Postal receipts• . .. ... .. ... .. ...... . S Bank debit8 (thousands) .. .... .. .. .. . $ End-of-month deposits (thousands) i . .$ Annual rate of dep0ait turnover.... . . Nonagricultural placements  + 16t 25,852 26,200 18,450 17.0 179  + 20 -11 -12 -1 -9 + 15  + + 25 + 12 + 8 + 6 -25  
and hardware storea.... . . .. . . . . . Postal receipts• ... . $ Building permits, less federal contracts $ Bank de bi ts (thousands) . . .. $ End-of-month deposits (thousands) i . $ Annual rate of deposit turnover .  + 16t 34,534 339,461 37,970 27,863 16.3  -23 -35 + 18 -16 -1 -12  -22 + 16 -14 3 -9 + 5  CALDWELL (pop. 2,204) Postal receipts• . . . .... . .. . S Bank debits (tbou!lallds) . ... ... . .. . .. S End-of-month deposits (thousands) t ..$ Annual rate of depoalt turnover .  2,525 2,211 4,069 6.4  -15 -17 -3 -16  + 10 + 11 + 4 + 5  
Nonagricultural placements .. BISHOP (pop. 3,722) Postal receipts•  . $  128 3,154  + 4 -17  -58 + 18  CAMERON (pop. 5,640) Postal receipts• .. . . . ... . .. . .. . . .. . . S BuilcliT1 g permits, lesa federal contracts S  5,116 26,900  -32 +454  -9 +466  
Building permits, less federal contracts  $ 175,423  Bnnk ilebits  (tbouaanda) . . . . . . ... . .. . S  4,395  -15  +  
Bank debits  (thousands) .  . .. . . S  1,635  -18  -16  Enil-of-montb deposits (thousanda)l. . $  5,087  - 8  +  
End-of-month deposits  (thousand• >:  .$  2,559  - 2  6  Annual rate of depQSit turnover..... .  10.2  -18  
Annual rate of deposit turnover.  7.6  - 14  - 8  
BONHAM (pop. 7,357) Bank debits (thousands) ..... . . . . . . . . $ End-of-month deposits ( thousando) i . .$ Annual rate of del><>6it turnover....  7,142 7,775 10.9  -14 -3 -12  + 7 + +  CANYON (pop. 5,864) Building permits, less federal contract. $ Bank debit" (thousands) .. ... . . . . . . . S End-of-month deposits (thousands)l. . $ Annual rate of deposit turnover.. ... .  65,750 6,303 6,900 10.8  -24 -16 -3 -16  + 14 4 + 8 6  

TEXAS BUSINESS REVIEW 

Local Business Conditions  Percent change  
Feb 1963 Feb 1963  
Feb  from from  
City and item 1963  Jan 1963 Feb 1962  
CARROLLTON (pop. 4,242)  
Postal receipts• ....................S 6,334  -11 + 45  
Building permits, lees federal contracla S 166,000  -59 -64  
Bank debits (thousands) ..... . .......S 5,238  -14 + 41  
End-of-month deposits (thousands) i ..$ 3,284  + 2 + 32  
Annual rate of deposit turnover. . ... . 19.3  -11 + 7  

CISCO (pop. 4,499)  
Postal  receipts•  .. ... . ..............S  4,116  -31  - 5  
Bank debits  (thousands) . .. ..........S  3,373  9  + 10  
End-of-month deposits (thousandali. . $  3,842  + 1  - 1  
Annual rate of deposit turnover .. . .. .  10.6  7  + 12  

CLEBURNE (pop. 15,381) 
Retail aales 
General merchandise stores........ . Postal receipts• . . ......... ..... ....S Building permits, lees federal contracts $ Bank debits (thousands) . . ...........$ End-of-month deposits (thousandsJi..$ Annual rate of deposit turnover..... . Employment (area) ............... . 
Manufacturing employment (area) . Percent unemployed (area) . .. . ... . 
-12t 14,183 79,321 10,975 12,083 
10.9 
216,700 50,675 
5.3 -21 + 4 
-39 + 7 
-38 -34 
-22 + 9
•• + 6 
-19 + + •• 
-	4 + 4 

CLUTE (pop. 4,501)  
Postal  receipts•  . .... . ..............S  1,975  - 16  - 7  
Bank debits  (thousands) .... . ..... . .. S  1,614  - 11  
End-of-month deposits (thousands) i . .$  1,465  1  5  
An11ual rate of depoeit turnover . . .  13.1  2  - 7  

COLLEGE STATION (pop. 11,39G) 
Postal receipts• ................... .S 20,821 Building permits, lees federal contracts $ 614,060 Bank debits (thousands) ... . .........S 3,726 End-of-month deposits (thouaandsli..S 3,084 Annual rate of depoalt turnover..... . 14.7 
COLORADO CITY (pop. 6,457) 
Retail aales 
Lumber, buildlnir material, 

and hardware atores....... .. ... . + 16t Pootal receipts• .. ..................S 5,008 Bank debits (thousands) . . ....... . ...S 5,473 End-of-month deposits (thousanda) i .. $ 6,652 Annual rate of depoalt tnrnover... . . . 9.5 
COPPERAS COVE (pop. 4,567) 
Pootal receipts• .. . .................S 3,985 Building permits, leas federal contracts $ 61,200 Bank debits (thouaands) ..... ........S 1,291 End-of-month deposits (thouaanda) i . .S 1,121 Annual rate of depoelt turnover..... . 14.2 
CORPUS CHRISTI (pop. 184,163r) 
&.!tail aalea -3t Apparel stores ..... ......... ..... . -20t Automotive stores .... . . ......... . + 17t General merchandise stores. ... .... . -12t Lumber, bulldlnir material, 
and hardware at.ores. . . . . . . . . . . . . + 16t Pootal receipts• ....................S 200, l 06 Building permits, leao federal contracts $ 1,864,066 Bank debits (thouaanda) . . ......... . . S 202,992 End-of-month deposits (thousandsli..S 113,693 Annual rate of depoait turnover...... 21.1 Employment (area) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67,900 
Manufacturlnir employment (area) 8,840 Percent unemployed (area) ... . . . . . . . 5.7 
APRIL 1963 
-29 + 16 +1266 +2814 -17 -5 + 3 + 14 
-16 -14 
+ 5  -14  
-35  -13  
-23  
- 8  
-21  +  

+ 7 + 69 
-76 -83 
-28 + 20 
+ 6 + 25 
-24 -5 

Local Business Conditions  Percent change  
Feb 1963  Feb 1963  
Feb  from  from  
City and item  1963  Jan 1963  Feb 1 06~  

CORSICANA (pop. 20,344)  
Postal receipts• . . .. . .... . ..........$ 22,499  - 7  + 28  
Bank debits (thousands) .............$ 17,169  - 22  +  
End-of-month depoeits (thousands}i..$ 21,015  - 1  + 5  
Annual rate of deposit turnover. ... . . 9.7  - 20  + 3  
Nonagricultural placements . ....... . 113  - 12  -38  
CRYSTAL CITY (pop. 9,101)  
Postal receipts• ...... . ....... . .....S 3,267  - 31  + 6  
Building permits, leso federal contracts $ 25,500  - 52  -41  
Bank debits (thousands) ... .... . .....$ 2,651  - 25  + 8  
End-of-month depoeits (thousands) i ..$ Annual rate of deposit tnrnover..... 3,124 10.1  -- 1 26  + 13 ••  

DALLAS (pop. 679,684) 
Retail saleo  - 4t  
Apparel stores  -20t  
Automot ive  stores  ..  + 4t  
Eating and drinking places ....... . Florists .. . .. ...... .. ............ .  - St ••t  
Food otores  .. . .. . . . ........ . ..... .  St  
Furniture and hou.oehold  
appliance  stores  9t  
Gasoline and service  stations .  5t  
General  merchandise stores.  st  
Lumber, bu ilding material.  
and  hardware  otorea.........•...  + 4t  
Office, store, and achoo!  
supply dealers  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  4t  
+ 
11 + 26 



Post.al receipt&• .... . ...... . ........$ 2,714,186 Building permits, leas federal contract.. $35,046,589 Bank debits (thousands) . . S 3,289,547 End-of-month deposits (thousands>i.. $ 1,268,650 Annual rate of deposit tnrnover. ..... 30.7 Employment (area) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 475,800 
Manufacturing employment (area). 105,275 P ercent unemployed (area) . . . . . 4.3 
DEER PARK (pop. 4,865) 
Postal receipt..• ...... : . . ...........S Building permits, leas federal contract.. $ Bank debits (thousands) . . ...........$ End-of-month deposits (thousands) i ..$ Annual rate of depoalt tnrnover.. .. . . 
DEL RIO (pop. 18,612) 
Retail sales 
Lumber, building material. 
and hardware stores............ . Postal receipts• .............. . .....S Building permits. leas federal contracts $ Bank debits (thousands) . S End-of-month deposits (thousands) i . .$ Annual rate of depooit turnover..... . 
DENISON (pop. 22,748) 
Retail sales 

Automotive stores Post.al receipts• ... ... .. ... .........• Building permits, less federal contracts $ Bank debits (thousands) ....... . .....$ End-of-month deposits (thousands) i ..$ Annual rate of deposit tnrnover . Nonagricultural placements ..... 
DONNA (pop. 7,522) 

Postal receipts• .... ............ .. ..S 
Building permits, leso federal contracto $ 

Bank debits  (thousands)  S  
End-of-month deposits (thousands) i  $  
Annual  rate of depooit tnrnover  

4,139 
141,800 4,584 2,217 
24.6 
+ 16t 14,1:;0 
159.~82 
10,780 14,428 
8.9 
+ 17t 20,310 
525,516 15,803 14, 781 
12.9 107 
3,797 7,600 2,601 3,771 
8.2 -6 + 5 -26 -13 
•• + 14 
+ 
24 + 17 -7 

-	15 + 
-	10 + 
-	19 + 
+ 13 + 
-	10 + 
-	5 + 13 
+121 +167 -19 
+ 3 -13 
•• +
•• + 4 


+ 2 •• 
-17  -10  
+ 30  +no  
+ 20  + 4  
- 2  - 8  
+ 24  + 17  

+ 21 -10 
-23 + 19 
+ 42 + 14 
8 
1 + 
6 -4 
+ 27 + 5 
-20 + 13 
+401 +175 
-13 + 2•• + 5 9 -1 -3 -25 
-8 -25 
+ 1 
-	26 
-5 -9 
+ 18 8 
+ 
+ 	1 
+ 	8 
-	2 
+ 
5 -11 -17 

+ 
21 -17 

+ 	
3 3 


+ + 
+ 	3 5 
-4 + 19 
-85 -68 
+ 2 + 11 
+ 30 
Local Business Conditions  P ercent change  
F eb 1963  F eb 1963  
Feb  from  from  
City :ind item  1963  J an 1963  Feb 1962  

Local Business Conditions  Percent change  
Feb 1963  Feb 1963  
Feb  from  from  
City and item  1963  Jan 1963  Feb 1962  

FREDERICKSBURG (pop. 4,629) 
DENTON (pop. 26,844) Retail sales .............. . ........•.  - 3t  + 21  - 6  
Drug stores ........ . ............ . Postal receipts• . . ... .. ... .. ... . ....' Building permits, less federal contract. $  -4t 41,397 398,575  + 4 -9 -73  + 8 + 24 + 48  
Bank debits  (thousands) . . . .. . .. . . . . . $  21,922  -13  + JO  
End-of-month deposits (thousands) i ..$  25,745  - 1  + 20  
Annual rate of depoait turnover.. .  10.2  -13  9  
Nonagricultural  placements  124  - 10  - 3  

EDINBURG (pop. 18,706) 
Postal receipts• . . ............ . .....S Building permits, less federal contracts $ Bank debits (thotl881lds) ... . .........$ End-of-month depoeits (thousandsH. . $ Annual rate of depoait turnover. .. .. . Nonagrlcuitural placements .. . ..... . 
Jl,4 18 55,500 14,440 9,082 
17.9 157 
Retail sales  . . . . .. .. ... . .... . .. . .... .  - 3t  + 2  + 21  
Drug  stores  . .. .. .. . ....... .. .... .  - 4t  - 2  + 3  
Food  stores  .. . ........... . .... . . .  - 7'f  + 2  + 7  
General merchandise stores...... . . .  - 12t  - 4  + 7  
Postal  receipts•  .............. . .....S  7,318  + 12  + 17  
Building permits, less federal contracts $  90,0l5  +152  + 36  
Bank debits  (thousands) ...... . ... . . . $  7,299  -13  + 3  
End-of-month deposits (thousands) i ..$  8,388  - 6  + 13  
Annual rate of deposit turnover ..... .  10.1  - 9  - 9  

7  + 16  
9  -21  
3  + 21  
- 12  - 3  
- 6  + 14  
- 61  -22  

GAINESVILLE  (pop.13,083)  
Retail sales  
Furniture and household  
appliance stores Postal receipts• ....................S Building permits, less federal contracts $  -7t 11,218 45,896  + 5 -38 + 53  -10 -6 -15  

EDNA (pop. 5,038)  
.ltetail sales  
Food stores  .. .. ...... .. ... . . . .... .  - 7t  - 10  
Postal  receipts•  .. . ............. .. ..S  3,964  - 40  -17  
Building permits, less federal contracts $  27,950  - 24  + 81  
Bank debits  (thousands) .............$  8,362  - 10  + 89  
End-of-month deposits (thousands) i ..$  6,692  3  - 2  
Annual rate of deposit turnover..... .  14.8  - 7  + 95  

GALVESTON (pop. 67,175)  
Retail sales  ....................... ..  - 3t  - 8  -12  
Apparel stores  ..... . ............. .  - 20t  - 22  - 8  
Automotive  stores  ...... . ........ .  + 17t  + 5  -11  
Food stores  ................ . ... •..  - 7t  - 6  -10  
Furniture and household  
appliance  stores  .. . ............ .  - 7t  - 8  -37  
Postal receipts• ... .................S Building permits, less federal contracts $  96,615 600,405  -3 -40  + 14 ••  
Bank debits  (thotl881lds) ... . .........S  79,494  -21  - 8  
End-of-month deposits (thousands) i ..$  60,429  - 4  -10  
Annual rate of depolrit turnover..... .  15.5  -19  - 2  
Employment  (area)  . . ............. .  52,700  + 4  - 1  
Manufacturing employment  (area) .  10,340  **  - 4  
Percent unemployed  (area) ......... .  7.9  - 12  - 2  

EL PASO (pop. 276,687)  
Retail sales  ... . .................... •  - 3t  - 7  - 9  
Apparel stores  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  - 20t  - 41  -20  
Automotive  stores  .. . . . .. . .. .. . . . .  + 17t  + 5  - 9  
Genera! merchandise stores. . . . .  - 12t  - 26  + 19  
Poatal  receipts•  . . .... . ...... . . S  311,317  -11  + 10  
Building permits, less federal contracts $ 2,779,500  + 51  -39  
Bank debits  (thouaands) ...... . ......$  331,422  -17  2  
End-of-month deposits (thousands>*..$  212,446  + 12  + 7  
Annual rate of deposit turnover. . . . . .  19.8  -18  7  
Employment  (area)  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  91,900  2  
Manufacturing employment (area).  14,750  +  +  2  
Percent unemployed  (area).... . ...  6.1  +  + 20  

ENNIS (pop. 9,347) Building permits, less federal contracts $  113,535  +264  + 3  
Bank debits  (thousands) ..... . . . .....$  5,886  -21  -15  
End-of-month deposits (thousands) i ..$  7,107  + 1  6  
Annual rate of deposit turnover.. . .. .  10.0  -22  - 8  

GARLAND (pop. 38,501)  
Retail sales  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • • • • • .  - 3t  + 7  + 3  
Apparel stores  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  - 20t  +  5  + 21  
Antomotive  stores  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  + 17t  + 9  + 4  
Postal  receipts•  ............... . ....$  39,221  -36  + 2  
Building permits, less federal contracts $ 2,113,832  -33  + 12  
Bank debits  (thousands) .. . ... . ... . ..$  27,786  -22  + 8  
End-of-month deposits (thousandsH. . $  14,338  - 8  -21  
Annnal rate of deposit turnover. . . . . .  22.3  -18  + 20  
Employment  (area)  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  475,800  **  + 6  
Manufacturing employment (area). Percent unemployed (area)..... . ....  105,275 4.3  +  2  + 4 •• 

FORT STOCKTON (pop. 6,373) 
Building permits, less federal contracts $  326,000  
Bank debits  (thousands) .. . . . . .. . . . ..S  5,650  
End-of-month depoeits (thousands) i. .•  5,311  
Annual rate of deposit turnover......  12.7  

+ 96  
-11  
1  +  
- 9  +  

GATESVILLE  (pop. 4,626)  
Postal  receipts•  ............ . .... . ..$  6,434  - 10  + 55  
Bank debits  (thousands) . ............$  4,997  - 16  + 15  
End-of-month deposits (thouaands)i. . $  5,760  - 3  + 7  
Annual rate of deposit turnover. . ....  10.3  - 13  + 7 

FORT WORTH (pop. 356,268)  
Retail sales  ... . . ... . .. .. . . . . . . ..... .  5t  - 2  + 5  
Apparel stores ..... . ... .. ..... . .. .  - 22t  - 20  - 5  
Automotive  atores  .... ...... ..... .  + 7t  + 15  + 19  
Drug  stores  .. ... . ........ . ...... .  Gt  + 13  
Eating and drinking places. . . . . . . .  St  2  
Food atores . . ... . .. ........ . . . . . . .  6t  - 5  
Furniture and household  
avvliance stores  .. . .. ........ . . .  7t  4  + 19  
Gasoline and service stations.. . . .. .  4t  6  + 3  
General merchandise stores .. .. .. . .•  9t  -21  - 2  
Liquor stores  . . . . .... . ... . ...... .  - 1  + 14  
Lumber, building mater!al,  
and hardware  stores.. . ... . ......  - 4t  + 21  + 8  
Poatal  receipts•  .. . ...... . . . . . . . .. ..S  858, 726  - 6  + 18  
Building permits, less federal contracts $ 3,099,415 Bank debits (thousands) .... . .. . . . . ..$ 753,247  -42 -18  +  
End-of-month d01>oeits  (thousandsH.. $  391,937  - 1  +  1  
Annual rate of deposit turnover. . . . . .  22.9  -17  - 2  
Employment  (area)  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  216, 700  
Manufacturing employment (area) .  !i0,67fi  +  
Percent unemployed  (area) . . . . . . . . . .  !i.3  - 4  + 4  

GIDDINGS (pop. 2,821)  
Postal  receipts•  ....................S  3,930  - 6  + 22  
Bank debits  (thousands) . . .. . ........$  2,745  -19  + 9  
End-of-month deposits (thonsande)l.. $  4,117  + 2  + 9  
Annual rate of depo!!lt turnover. . . . . .  8.1  - 18  + 3  

GLADEWATER (pop. 5,742)  
Postal receipts• .. ..................S Bank debits (thousands) .. . .. . ..... ..$  5,454 2,903  -25 -31  + 5 ••  
End-of-month deposits (thousands) i ..$  5,652  + 1  + 6  
Annual rate of deposit turnover. .... .  6.2  - 28  - 5  
Employment  (area)  . .............. .  28,450  - 1  -1  
Manufacturing employment  (area).  5,620  + 1  - 3  
Percent unemployed  (area) ....... . .  5.8  +  4  + 61  

GOLDTHWAITE (pop. 1,383) 
Postal receipts• . .................. .S 1,962 -19 + 9 Bank debits (thousands) ....... . . . ...$ 3,644 + 9 + 28 End-of-month deposits (thousandsH..$ 4,382 -2 + 37 Annual rate of deposit turnover... . . . 9.9 + 11 -7 
TEXAS BUSINESS REVIEW 

Local Business Conditions  P ercent change  
Feb 1963 Feb 1963  
F eb  from from  
City and item  1963  Jan 1963 Feb 1962  
GRAHAM (pop. 8,505)  
POlltal recelpta• ....................t  10,178  -9 + 32  
Building permita, Jesa federal contracta $  37,400  + 28 -26  
Bank debita (thousands) .............$  8,654  -13 + 7  
End-of-month deposita (thousands) t .. $  10,086  + 1 2  
Annual rate of dePoait turnover.. . . . .  10.3  -12 + 8  

GRAND PRAIRIE (pop. 30,386) 

POlltal receipta• . ..... .. ........... .t Building permlta, Jess federal contracta S Bank deblta (thousands) . . . . . ....... .$ End-of-month depos!ta (thousandsJi. . $ Annual rate of deposit turnOTer.... . . Employment (area) .. .. ....... . . . . . 
Manufacturing employment (area) . Percent unemployed (area) . . . ..... . 
GRAPEVINE (pop. 2,821) 
POlltal recelpta• ......... .. .. .. . . .. .f 
Building permita, lesa federal contracta S 
Bank debita (thousands) ... . .........$ 
End-of-month deposlta (thow!andsH . . $ 
Annual rate of deposit turnOTer. . .... 

GREENVILLE (pop. 19,087) 
Postal receipts" ............. .... ...f Building permita, Jess federal contracts $ Bank debits (thousands) ............. $ End-of-month deposits (thousandsH.. $ Annual rate of deposit turnover. . . . . . 
HARLINGEN (pop. 41,207) 
Retail sales 
Automotive stores ... ... . . .. . .... . Postal receipts* . . .... . .. . ..........t Building permita, 1""8 federal contracts S Bank debits (thousands) . . . . . .. .... . . $ End-of-month deposits (thousands>* .. $ Annual rate of deposit turnover. . . . . . Nonagricultural placements .. . . .. . . . 
HEMPSTEAD (pop. 1,505) 
Postal recelpts• . . ..... ... . . .. . . ... .f Bank debits (thousands) .. ....... ....$ End-of-month deposits (thousands) i ..$ Annual rate of depoelt turnover.. .. . . 
HENDERSON (pop. 9,666) 
Retail sales 
Apparel stores .. . .............. . . . Postal receipts• ..... ............... t Building permita, lesa federal contracts $ Bank debits (thousands) .. ...........$ End-of-month depoelts (thousandsH.. $ Annual rate of deposit turnover... .. . 
HUMBLE (pop. 1.711) 
Building permits, lesa federal contracts S Bank deblta (thousands) .. . . . ..... ...S End-of-month deposits (thousandsH . . $ Annual rate of depomlt tunurrer. ... . . 
APRIL 1963 
24 ,531 376,529 18,052 10,437 
20.3 475,800 105,275 
4.3 
HALE CENTER (pop. 2,196) 
3,919 2,250 2,799 2,81 5 11.6 
Retail sale. ........ . . .. .. .. .. ...•..• Apparel store. . .... . ............. . Drug stores ... ................. .. Lumber, building material, 
and hardware stores.... . .. .. ... . Postal receipts• ..... . . . .......... . . f Building permits, !esa federal contracta $ Bank debits (thousands) . . .. .. .... . ..$ End-of-month deposits ( thOUl!llllds) i ..$ Annual rate of deposit turnover . .... . Nonagricultural placements .. . ..... . 
3t -20t 
-	4t 
+ 16t 20,043 
145,900 14,987 14,083 
12.8 44 
1,583 
200 3,647 5,727 
7 .1 
+ 17t 33,645 66, 700 31,231 20,015 
18.7 317 
6,010 1,276 2,334 
7.0 
-20t 11,724 70,250 7, .53 17,111 
5.5 
11,000 2,866 2, 76 
11.9 
-4 + 9 -66 -64 -11 + 15 -4 + 1 -4 + 11 •• + 6•• + 4 


+ 	2 •• 
-2 -4 -87 -86 -12 + 14 6 + 3 -9 + 6 
+ 	4 
-19 
4 -17 -22 -13 
+ 	1 
-11 
+ 38 
+ 8 -6 
** 
+ 
43 

+ 
10 -28 

+ 
18 -6 

+ 
28 -35 


- 33  - 2  
- 91  -99  
- 53  + 11  
- 14  - 1  
- 51  + 15  

-15 -7 -16 + 6 -50 + 53 -16 -6 •• -26 + + 27 -2 -45 
+ 21  + 40  
-31  + 21  
+ 14  + 9  
-34  + 15  

-26 -15 -11 + 32 -74 + 39 3 + 17 2 + 11 -5 + 6 
-27  + 22  
+ 2  + 27  
+ 8  
+ 4  + 18  

Local Business Conditions  P ercent change  
Feb 1963  Feb 1963  
Feb  from  f rom  
City a nd item  1963  Jan 1963  Feb 1962  

HEREFORD (pop. 7,652) 
Postal receipts• ............... .... S Building permits, Jess federal contracts $ Bank debits (thousands) . . . . . . . $ End-of-month deposits (thousands) i ..$ Annual rate of deposit turnover.... . . 
10,715 119,300 
16.~90 
14.706 
1~.:; 
HOUSTON (pop. 938,219) 
Retail aales . . . . ..... ... . . .......... . -4j Apparel stores .... ............•.•. -1 t Automot ive stores . ...... .. . . . • ... + 2· Drug storeo ...... .... ........•... St Eating and drinking places....•.•. 3+ Food stores ........ ......... ..... . 2t Furniture and household 
appliance stores ............ . .. . 1t General merchandise stores. . . . .. .. . 7t LiQuor .tores . .. .. . .... . ..... .. . . . -'-5t Lumber, building material. 
and hardware .tores . . ..... . ... . 4t Postal receipts• ............. ....... S 1,9:;5, 12:; Building permita, less federal contracts $18,451, 79 Bank debits (thousands) ...... . ... . ..$ 2,8.-,9,iS.5 End-of-month deposits (thousandsJi..$ l,477, 703 Annnal rate of deposit turnover. . . . . . 23.3 Employment (area) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 542,700 
Manufacturing employment (area) . 91,300 Percent nnemployed (area) ... . . 4.8 
IOWA PARK (pop. 3,295) 
Building permita, less federal contracts $ Bank deblta (thousands) ........ .....S End-of-month deposita (thousands>* .. $ Annnal rate of deposit turnover. . . . . . 
146,000 3,450 3, 51 
10.7 
JACKSONVILLE (pop. 9,590) 
Postal receipts• ............. .......S Building permita, Jess federal contracts $ Bank debits (thousands) .............$ End-of-month deposits (thousands) i ..$ Annual rate of deposit turnover. . .. . . 
JASPER (pop. 4,889) 
Retail aales ............ .... ... ..... . 

Automotive .tores . . .... . ....... . . Postal receipts• .................. ..S Building permits, less federal contracts $ Bank debits (thousands) ............. S End-of-month deposits (thonsandsH . . $ Annual rate of deposit turnover..... . 
JUSTIN (pop. 622) 
Postal receipts• ................ . . ..S Building permita, less federal contracts $ Bank debits (thousands) ...... . ... . .. $ End-of-month deposits (thousands) i. $ Annual rate of deposit turnover..... . 
KATY (pop. 1,569) 
Build ing perm.ita, Jess federal contracts $ Bank debita (thousands) .............$ End-of-month depoe-ita (thousands>*..$ Annual rate of deposit turnover..... . 
KILGORE (pop. 10,092) 
Postal receipts• . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .....S BuHding permita, less federal contracts $ Bank debits (thousands) . . . . . . . . $ End-of-month depoeits (thousands) t $ Annual rate of deposit turnover..... . Employment (area) ... 
Manufacturing employment (area) . Percent nnemployed (area) . 
18,252 53, 00 9,576 9,401 
12.5 
-	3t 
+ nt 
7,673 22, 720 8,285 11,005 
10.5 
697 22,000 1,230 53 
17.6 
15,300 2,061 2,3!)5 
10.3 
15,265 44,200 10,366 12,373 
10.0 
~.... 450 ;;.~20 
0.8 
+ 9  .,..  40  
+ 124  -18  
-26  21  
-11  -'­ 9  
-26  + 9  

-	1 
-13 3 
+ 	2 
4 2 
8 
+ 
-	4 
+ 
16 -5 -3 -19 

+ 	
1 


-14 
-	1 
-14 -'-2 -!. 6 
+ 	
2 

+ 	
;; 


-'-	5 
+ 17 
-	22 7 
+ 	5 2 
+ 	6 
-	·I 
-!. 14 
- 4  
- 4  23  
- 1  11  
**  10  

-10 -21 
+ 37 
-24 -11 
+ 5 + 2 
-21 -9 
-2 -1 
+ 18 + 6 
-19 -21 -38 -37 -26 + 6 
+ 40 + 23 
-36 -2 
+ 33 + 24 
-47 -;).) -22 -'-4 .J_ 3 -'-18 
-17 -6 
-!.  1  - 11  
- 12  ~  22  
5  -'­ 2.1  
- 6  - 2  

-25 ...L. 21 -62 -17 -19 -11 -2 -11 
-15 .. 
1 -1 
+ 	
1 -3 

+ 	
4 + 61 



Local Business Conditions  P ercent change  Local Business Conditions  Percent change  
Feb 1963  Feb 1963  Feb 1963  Feb 1963  
Feb  from  from  Feb  from  from  
City and item  1963  J an 1963  Feb l!J62  City and item  1963  Jan 1963  Feb 1962  
KILLEEN (pop. 23,377)  LITTLEFIELD (pop. 7,236)  
P08tal  receipta•  ...... . ........... . . S  41,173  -13  + 36  Retail salea  
Building permits, less federal contracts $  516,609  -21  + 61  Automotive  storea  ............... .  +  17t  - 21  -29  
Bank debits  (thou.sands) .............$  12,688  7  + 15  General merchandise stores . .  - 12t  - 37  + 5  
End-of-month deposlta (thonsands)t. . $ Annual rate of depomt turnover.. ... .  8,962 16.9  7  -8 + 22  Postal receipts• . ... .......... .... . . S Building permita, less federal contract.a $  7,278 69,650  -24 -46  + 21 -85  
KINGSVILLE (pop. 25,297) Retail l!&ies Automotive stores ..... ...... .... . Posto.I recelpta• . . . .... ... ... ...... .S Building permita, 1.,.. federal contracta $ Bank deblta (thousands) .............$ End-of-month dep011ita (thonsanda)l .. $ + 17t 14,390 176,385 10,275 14,101  -1 -23 +192 -21 + 2  + 49 -6 +169 + 6 + 16  LLANO (pop. 2,656) Postal receipts• ........ . . . ...... .. .S Building permits, leas federal contracts $ Bank debits (thou.sands) . . . . . . $ End-of-month deposltll (thousands) i .. $ Annual rate of deposit turnover. ... . .  2,590 10,200 2,579 3,947 7.8  -19 -22 -14 •• -12  + s -15 + 9 -20  
Annual rate of deposit turnover..... . KIRBYVILLE (pop. 1,660)  8.8  - 21  - 4  LOCKHART (pop. 6,084) Retail sales  
Postal  recelpta•  . . ...... ..... .... . . . S  3,412  -10  - 3  Automotive  stores  . . .... . ........ .  + 17t  -28  + I  
Bank debita  (thonsands) .......... . . .S  1,967  -10  -10  Postal  receipts•  ............ ..... ...S  4,406  -16  + 2  
End-of-month depoelta (thousanda)l .. $ Annual rate of depoa!t turnova-. .. .. .  3,050 7.7  - ** 8  + 50 -36  Building permits, less federal contractll S Bank debltll (thousanda) .............$  20,250 5,333  + 28 + 6  + 52 + 20  
LA FERIA (pop. 3,047)  End-of-month deposlta (thousands) i . .$ Annual rate of deposit turnover... . . .  5,176 11.4  -15 + 14  -7 + 21  
Postal  receipt.a•  . . . . ........... .....S  2,188  -35  + 2  
Building pcrmita, le11a federal contracta $ Bank debita (thonsands) ... ..... ... ..$ End-of-month deposita (thousanda) i ..$ Annual rate of deposit turno.a-.... . . 1,150 1,643 1,411 13.7 LA MARQUE (pop. 13,969) Postal receipta• ... . ... . .. ......... .S Building permits, less federal contracta $ Bank debit.a (thousands) . .$ End-of-month deposita (thousands)l .. S 9,968 474,960 8,254 5,800  -99 + 2 + -7 +357 -11 -4  -87 + 8 1 + 9 + 21 +418 + 8 -9  LONGVIEW (pop. 40,050) Retail sales Lumber, bnildlng material, and hardware storee............ . Postal receiptii• .. ........... . .. . ...S Building permita, less federal contracts $ Bank debits (thousands) . ... .. . .... . . S End-of-month deposita (thousands) i . .$ Annual rate of dep08it tnrnover..... .  + 16t 53,035 483,600 46, 721 37,362 14.9  + 18 -13 + 97 -13 -1 -10  -15 •• -65 7 + 2  
Annual rate of deposit turnover .  16.7  -12  + 22  Employment  (area)  . .............. .  28,450  
Employment (area) ......... . ..... . Manufacturing employment (area) .  52,700 10,340  + 4 ••  4  Manufacturing employment (area) . Percent nnemployed (area) . ........ .  5,620 5.8  + +  4  + 61  
Percent unemployed  (area) ...  7.9  - 12  2  
LAMESA (pop. 12,438) Retail aalea Automotive stores .. .. .. ......... . Postal recelpta• ....................S Bank debit.a (thonsands) . . . . . .. . .....$  + 17t 12,521 21,288  -12 -19 -39  -19 + 10 + 3  LOS FRESNOS (pop. 1,289) Postal receipt.a• ....................S Bank deblta (thousands) .............$ End-of-month deposlta (thonsanda)t.. S Annual rate of deposit turnover... .. .  l,169 1,025 1,190 9.9  -20 -9 -8 + 38  + 14 + 6 +  
End-of-month deposita (thonsanda)l .. $ Annual rate of deposit turnover.  20,904 11.6  -10 -39  -11 + 20  LUBBOCK (pop. 128,691)  
Nonagricultural  placements  61  -22  -26  Retail salea  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • .  - 3t  - 9  +  
LAMPASAS (pop. 5,061) Postal receipta• ... .. .... ... .... . ...S Building permita, less federal contracts S Bank debita (thousands) . . ..... . . $ End-of-month deposits (thou.sands) i . .$ Annual rate of deposit turnover.  5,383 74,000 6,539 6,282 11.5  -20 + 26 -23 -15 -21  + 14 +294 + 3 +  Apparel stores . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -20t Automotive stores . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + 17t General merchandise stores... . . . . . . -12t Postal receiptii• ............... . ....S 218,418 Building permits, less federal contract.a $ 2,291,697 Bank debitll (thousands) ... .. ........$ 237,589 End-of-month depoaitll (thousandsJi..$ 138,429  -22 -2 -26 •• -78 -39 -6  + + 41 -16 +  
LA PORTE (pop. 4,512) Bank deblta (thonsands) ............ .S End-of-month deposita (thousands) i ..S Annual rate of deposit turnover..... .  3,894 3,827 12.3  -22 + 2 -30  + 25 + 20 + 6  Annual rate of deposit turnover. . . . . . Employment (area) . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . Manufacturing employment (area) . Percent unemployed (area). ... .. ....  20.6 53,600 5,930 4.6  -86 + +  + + + 4••  
LAREDO (pop. 60,678) Postal receipts• . ..... . ............ .S Building permits, 1""8 federal contracts $ Bank deblta (thousands) .............$ End-of-month dep08ita (thousands) i ..$ Annual rate of deposit turnover.. ... . Employment (area) . ... ........... . Manufacturing employment (area) . Perrent unemployed (area) . Nonagricultural placements  37 ,944 145,325 32,273 25,242 15.2 18,600 1,260 13.1 291  -8 +253 -15 -1 -13 •••• + 3 + 4  + 22 +251 + 15 + 2 + 11 -44  LUFKIN (pop. 17,641) Retail sales Automotive stores ............... . Postal recelptii• ....................S Building permitll, less federal contract.a $ Bank debltll (thonsands) ... . ........ .$ End-of-month deposlta (thonsandl)t.. S Annual rate of deposit tnrnover..... . Nonagricultural placements ........ .  + 17t 31.435 190,001 26,711 27,204 11.8 55  + 27 -1 + 18 -8.. -6 + 77  + 6 + 41 + 2 + 13 -s + 16 -42  
LEVELLAND (pop. 10,153) Postal receipts• ..... . . .. . . .........S Bar.k debits (thousands) .............$ End-of-month deposlta (thousanda) i ..S Annual rate of deposit turnover  9,977 13,297 15,078 10.0  -9 -48 -11 -47  + 17 -13 + 13 + 1  McCAMEY (pop. 3,375) Postal recelptii• ... .................S Bank debits (thonsanda) ......... . ...S End-of-month deposits (thonsands)i.. $ Annual rate of deposit tnrnover.  2,806 1,669 1,831 10.6  -23 5 9  -9 + s -IS + 16  

TEXAS BUSINESS REVIEW 

Percent change Percent chan ge
Local Business Conditions Local Business Conditions 
Feb 1963 Feb 1963 F eb 1963 Feb 1!163 
Feb from from 
F eb from from 

City and item 1963 Jan 1963 Feb 1962 City and item 1963 J an 1%3 Feb 1062 
McALLEN (pop. 32, 728) MIDLOTHIAN (pop. 1,521) 
Retail sales ........................ . -3t -10 •• Building permits, less federal contract.s $ 10,000 -39 9 Automotive stores . .... . ..... . + 17t -13 -3 Bank debits (thousands) . . . . . . . $ 1,005 -25 5 Gasoline and service station•...... . -5t -12 + 4 End-of-month deposits (thoueands) i ..$ 1,594 -2 + 
Postal receipt..• ... . ..... . . .. .......• 34,479 -13 + 23 Annual rate of deposit turnover.. . 7.5 -22 7 Building permits, less federal contracts $ 334,759 + 34 + 33 Bank debits (thousands) . . .. . . . $ 30,184 -12 + 16 MINERAL WELLS (pop. 11,053) End-of-month deposits (thousands) i .. $ 26,261 -1 + 6 
Postal receipts• .............. . .... .S 17,021 + 42

+

Annual rate of deposit turnover. 13.7 -13 + 8 
Building permits, leas federal contracts $ 156,350 4 +184 Nonagricultural placements 237 -10 -62 
flank debits (thousands) . . . . . $ 12,199 9 + 32 
End-of-month deposits (thousands) i. $ 14,808 + + 41McGREGOR (pop. 4,642) Annual rate of deposit turnover..... . 10.0 7 -4 Building permits, less federal cont.mets $ 3,000 -73 -83 Nonagricultural placements 
77 + 28 + 18 

Uank debits (thousands) . . . .. $ 3,057 -10 + 17 End-of-month deposits (thousands) i .. $ 5,448 -3 + 13 MISS.JON (pop. 14,081) Annual rate of deposit turnover..... . 6.6 -11 + 3 Postal receipts• . . . . . . . . . . ..S 9,462 -5 + 22 
Building permits, less federal contracts $ 34,600 -H + 67 McKINNEY (pop. 13,763) Bank debits (thousands) . . . ....$ 10,026 -11 + 11 Postal receipts• . ........... . .......$ 10,2~8 -32 + 7 End-ol-mont.h deposits (thousands) i .. $ 8,709 7 •• Building permits, leas federal contracts $ 89,015 + 31 + 116 Annual rate of depoalt turnover..... 13.3 -6 
+ 7 

Bnnk debits (thousands) . .. .i 9,679 -16 + 3 End-of-month depr,sits (thousands) i $ 9,778 -2 + 7 MONAHANS (pop. 8,567) Annual rate of deposit turnover..... . 11.8 -12 -2 
Postal receipta• . . .. .. .. . . . S 10,573 -2 + 42 Nonagricultural placements . . 76 + 25 -56 Uuilding permits, less federal eontracts $ 18,690 -51 -78 
Bank debits (thousands). $ 9,753 7 -5MARSHALL (pop. 23,846) End-of-month deposits (thousands) i .$ 7,774 -16 Retail Ha.lee .... ...... •... . •.....•.. • -3t -13 -11 Annual rate of deposit turnover. ... . . 14.7 5 + 12 
Apparel •tor€6 -20t -39 -22 Postal receipts• . . . .............$ 26,479 -19 MUENSTER (pop. 1,190) 
;!::~ 

Building permits, leso federal contracts $ 84,467 -24 Retail sale11 Bauk debits (thousands) . $ 17,198 + 6 Automotive .tores + 17t -18 -4 End-of-month deposits (thousands) t .. $ 22,281 -2 + 20 Postal receipts• . . . . ....... ...S 1,334 -61 •• Annual rate of deposit turnover. 9.2 -5 -11 Bank debits (thousands) . . . $ 1,977 -22 + 13 Nonagricultural placements 102 -15 -24 End-of-month deposits (thousands) t .. $ 2,111 -2 + 17 
Annual rate of deposit turnover..... 11.l -18 -3 
MERCEDES (pop.10,940) Postal receipt•• . S 5,227 --1D + 1 NACOGDOCHES (pop. 12,674) Building permits, less federal contraets $ 203,273 +733 + 4225 Retail sales Bank debits (thonsands) . . ...$ 5,754 + 12 + 8 Apparel stores .... ............... . -20t -11 -15 End-of-month deposit• (thousands)t.. $ 3,636 -5 -10 Postal receipt..• .......... .......... • 16,781 -2 + 29 Annual rate of deposit turnover... . . . 18.5 + 13 + 14 Building permits, less federal contracts $ 68,619 + 48 + 14 
Bank debits (thousands) . . . ....$ 15,766 -16 + 9MESQUITE (pop. 27,526) End-of-month deposits (thousands) i. $ 17,902 -5 + 17 RetaiI sales Annual rate of deposit turnover 10.3 -15 -6 
Eating and drinking places. ..... . . -5t + 14 + 4 Nonagricultural placements 101 + 26 -21 Postal receipts• ... . .. . . . .. .. .. .....S 13,839 -7 + 9 Building permits, less federal contracts $ 1,697,346 + 52 + 4 NEDERLAND (pop. 12,036) Bank debits (thousands) . . . $ 7,018 -13 + 16 Bank debits (thousands) .. . ... .......$ 5,014 -17 
+ 

End-of-month deposits (thousands) i. $ 5,855 -8 + 9 End-of-month deposits (thousands) t .. $ 3,987 + 1 + 3 Annual rate of deposit turnover. . . . . . 13.8 -1 + 7 Annual rate of deposit turnover. ... . . 15.2 -17 + 18 Employment (area) .. . . . ... .. . . 475,800 •• + 6 
Manufacturing employment (area) . 105,275 •• + 4 NEW BRAUNFELS (pop. 15,631) Percent unemployed (area) ......... . 4.3 + 2 •• Postal receipt.a• ..... . ..... . ........S 21,566 + + 29 
Building permits, less f ederal contracts $ 184, 738 7 + 97 MEXIA (pop. 6,121) Bank debits (thousands) .. . ... .. ... . . S 12,489 6 + 6 Postal receipts• ... .. .. .............S 6,760 -4 + 10 End-of-month deposits (thousands) t .. $ 12,193 •• Building permits, leas federal contracts S 11,300 +2160 Annual rate of deposit turnover. . . . . . 12.2 
+ 

Bank debits (thousands) ..... . . .... . . $ 4,204 -15 + 12 End-of-month deposits (thousandsJi..$ 4,690 -2 + 7 NORTH RICHLAND HILLS (pop. 8,662) Annual rate of deposit turnover.... . 10.7 -12 + 7 Building permits, leas federal contracts $ 209,432 -41 
Bank debits (thousands). . ...... .. . . $ 2,166 -15 MIDLAND (pop. 62,625) End-of-month deposits (thousands)t .. $ 1,346 + 2 Retail sales Annual rate of deposit turnover. . . . . . 19.5 -13 
Furniture and household 

auplianoo etores -7t -76 -6 ORANGE (pop. 25,605) Postal receipts . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 100, 755 -33 + 24 Postal receipt.a• ............... .....S 22,581 -25 -6 Building permits, less federal contracts $ 1,477,450 + 36 +132 Building permits, less federal contracts S 118,628 + 66 -86 Bank debits (thousands). . .• 120,323 -16 + 7 Bank debits (thauaands) ....... ...... $ 24,659 -23 -2 End-of-month deposits (thousands) t .. $ 99,183 -1 + 2 End-of-month deposits (thon.sands) t . . $ 24,822 -1 + 10 Annual rate of deposit turnover... .. . 14.5 -21 + 6 Annual rate of deposit turnover ... . . 11.8 -21 -11 Emvloyment (area) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57,300 •• + Employment (area) .. ......... .... . 105,300 •• -2 
Manufacturlng employment (area) . 4,170 + 1 + 61 Manufacturing employment (area) . 34,300 •• -1 Percent unemployed (area) . 4.6 + 5 + 35 Percent unemployed (area). 8.3 •• + 19 Nonagricultural placements . . . . . . . . . 591 + 2 -2 Nonagricultural placements .. 100 -18 -25 
APRIL 1963 97 
Percent change  
Local Business Conditions  Feb 1963 Feb 1963  
Feb  from from  
City and item  1963  Jan 1963 Feb 1962  
ODESSA (pop. 80,338)  
Retail sales .... ... ... .  3t  -18 -6  
Furniture and household appliance atores .... . . ....... . . . Poet.al receipt.• ... .. . . .. . ..... . . $ Building permit., !"""federal contracts $ Bank debit.a (thousands) .. . . . . . . . . . . $ End-of-month deposits (thou.eandi!) t $  7t 76,781 805,190 71,343 71,189  -35 -14 -8 -8 -15 •• + 7 + 16 + 1 + 6  
Annual rate of deposit turnover . Employment (area) ......... .. .. .. . Manufacturinir employment (area) . Percent unemployed (area) .. ... . .. . .  11.0 57,300 4, 170 4.6  -8 ** + 1 + 5 8 + 5 + 61 + 35  
Nonagricultural placements ........ .  360  -11 -37  
PAI,ESTINE (pop. 13,974) Poetal receipt.• .. . .......... . ... . .. $ Building permits, less federal contracts $  13,272 222,782  -29 +mo + 10 + 89  
Bank debits (thOW!BJlds) . . . ... . . ... $ End-of-month depoelts (thoU811ndsH .. $  10,052 lG,199  8 3 -1 + 9  
Annual rate of deposit turnover.. . .  7.3  9 -11  
PAMPA (pop. 24,664)  
Retail sale11 .. . ....... . .. ........... .  -3t  -18 -8  
Automotives stores  + 17t  -22 -12  
Lumber, buildlnir material,  
and hardware &tores.... . . . . . ... .  + 16t  -26 -7  
PoetAI receipt.• ... . . ...... . . .. . . . . . $  25,881  -24 + 17  
Building permits, leaa federnl contract& $  45,650  -30 -36  
Bank debits (thousands) .. . .. ........S End-of-month deposits (thousands)t ..$  25,319 24,868  -11 -7 + 9 + 15  
Annual rate of del)081t turnover. . .. . .  J1.8  -14 -9  
Nonagricultural placements .... .  11 5  -17 + 24  
PARIS (pop. 20,977)  
Retail ealea . . . ... . . ... ... ... . ... . .. .  -St  + 12 5  
Aut<>motive atore11 . .............. .  + 17t  + 24 7  
Lumber, building material,  
and hardware atorea... ......... .  + J6t  + 35 -28  
Postal receipts• . . . .... . .. .. . . . S  20,512  -24 -1  
Building permlta. 1"88 federal contracts $  140,154  -14 -56  
Bank debits (thousands) . . . . .. .. ... .$  16,079  -19 + 3  
End-of-month deposits (thousands) t . $  16,000  + 3 + 19  
Annual rate of deposit turnover... . . . Nonagricultural placements  12.2 111  -17 + 48 -10 ••  

PHARR (pop. 14,106) 
Postal receipts• .......... .......... S Buildlnir permits, less federal contracts $ Bank debit. (thousands) ..... ........ $ End-of-month deposits (thoU811nds) t .. $ Annual rate of deI>011lt turnover. . . .. . 
PILOT POINT (pop. 1,254) 
Bulld.Jnir permits, less federal contracts S Bank debit. (thousands) .... ......... S End-of-month deposits (thouaande)t . . $ Annual rate of dePOSlt turnover. . . . . . 
PLAINVIEW (pop. 18,735) 
Retail oalee 
Aut<>motive &tores . .... . .. . .. .. .. . Postal recelpta• ... .................$ Building permits, less federal contracts $ Bank deblta (thousand•) .... .... . .. .. S End-of-month deposlta (thousan.U)t .. $ Annual rate of deposit turnover.... . . Nonagricultural placement. .... . . . . . 
PASADENA (pop. 58,737)  
Retail sales  . . . . . . .  . . . . . . . . . . . .  - 3t  + 2  - 7  
Aut<>motive  &tores  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  + 17t  + 10  - 6  
Postal  receipt.•  ... . .. .. .... . .....•  42,235  - 9  + 19  
Building permits, less federal contracts $ 2,896,600  + 56  +168  

7,218 -13 + 20 
49,044 + 11 -42 
4,093 9
-+ 4 
4,108 -10 + 6 
11.3 -11 3 
73,500 +2000 
+288 
978 
-21 + 20 
1,751 
•• + 16 
6. 7 
-19 
+ 
+ 17t  + 1  + 28  
25,318  -14  + 33  
108,300  -60  -76  
38.965  -44  2  
30,870  - 8  + 1  
14.5  -44  - 3  
217  - 13  -12  

Local Business Conditions  Percent change  
Feb 1963  Feb 1968  
Feb  from  from  
City and item  1968  Jan 1968  Feb 1962  

PLANO (pop. 3,695) 
Postal receipt.• ........ ... .........S 5,446 Buildinir permits, leu federal contracta S 681,717 Bank debite (thouaands) .. . ...... . ...$ 1,658 End-of-month deposit. (thOW1an«h) f .. $ 2,246 Annual rate of del>Olllt turnover... . . . 8.7 
PORT ARTHUR (pop. 66,676) 
Retail aale11 .. " ... ........ .... ..... ' Apparel lrto,,_ ... .. . ...... ......•. Automotive lrtores . .. .. .. . . .. .. . •. Food atoree .. .... ... .......... ... . Furniture and homehold 
appliance lrtores .... . . . ..... . .. . Gasoline and aerviee .tatlou.. . .. . . Lumber, building material, 
and hardware &tores......•...... Postal receipt.• .. .. ... . ....... .. ...• Buildinir permit., leu federal contracts $ BRnk debit. (thousands) ...... ...... .S End-of-month deposit. (thouaande) t .. S Annual rate of deJ)OSit turnover. . . .. . Employment (area) . ........ ..... . . 
Manufacturing employment (area) . P ercent unemployed (area) ..... . . . •• 
PORT ISABEL (pop. 3,575)  
Postal receipts• ........ . .. ... .. . .. .S 3,010  + 14  + 47  
Building permit.a, less federal contract& $ 4,750  -84  -98  
Bank deblta (thousands) ...... . . . . . ..S End-of-month deposits (thousande)f .. S 1,078 1,054  + 1 ••  + 17 -9  
Annual rate of deposit turnover. . ... . 12.3  + 10  + 88  
PORT NECHES (pop. 8,696)  
Postal receipts• .. . .... . . ... .. .. . . . . $ 7,093  -15  + 6  
Bank debit. (tholll!a.nde) . . . .. $ 7,706  -11  + 8  
End-of-month deposit. (thousanm>i.. S 6,402  8  1  
Annua.l rate of deposit t1lrDoftr. . . . . . 13.9  -8  + 9  

RAYMONDVILLE (pop. 9,385) 
Postal  receipts•  .. . . .. .... . ...... ...S  8,176  
Buildinit permit., lesa federal contracts $  67,650  
Bank debit.  (thoull&llds) . . .  . .... .S  5,601  
End-of-month deI>OSita  (thOW1Bnde)f.. S  8,005  
Annual rate of depoeit turnover..... .  8.3  
Nonagricultural  plRcements  86  

ROBSTOWN (pop. 10,266) 
Postal receipt.* . ..... . . . . .... .. . .. .S 9,070 Building permit., Iese federal contracts $ 26,000 Bank deblte (thousands) .... .........S 8,115 End-of-month del)08fts Cthouaanm>i .. S 9,338 Annual rate of del)08it turnover . .. . . . 10.3 
ROCKDAI..E (pop. 4,481) 
Postal receipt.• . ....... . .... .. .....S Buildlnir permit., Iese federal contract& $ Bank debit. (thousands) . . . ... .$ End-of-month depotdt.a (thonsande)l. . S Annual rate of del)08ft turnover. . . . . . 
SAN ANGELO (pop. 58,815) 
St -20t 
+ 17t 7t 
7t 5t 
+ 16t 49,301 
280,922 69,247 41,752 
16.6 
105,300 34,300 
8.3 
Retail aalea ..... . ....... . .. ... . .... . General merchandise lrtorea.... . .. . . Jewelry lrtores . ... . . . ........ . .. . . Postal receipt.• ... . . ... . . . . . ...... .S Building permit.. less federal contracta S Bank debit.a (thousands) ........ .... .S End-of-month deposit. (thOWlllnm>i .. S Annual rate of deI>OSlt turnover. .. . . . Employment (area) .. . . .•...• • •••. • 
Manufacturing employment (ara) . Percent unemployed (area) ... ...... . 
St 
-12t 
85,712 418,905 51,384 45,904 
18.2 
19,700 8,090 
6.0 
- 6  + 27  
+ 40  + 61  
-16  - 86  
- 8  + 9  
-26  -41  

+ 5 + 2 
-16 -11 
+ 12 + 3
.. 
5 
+ 
7 
+ 
+ 21 + IS 
-30 + 14 
-43 -27 -12 -6 -10 
+ 
•• 1 
•• + 19 
+ 
19 

+ 
97 


8 -s -6 -52 
+ 81 
+201 
+ 12 
+ 
7 

+ 
6 


-88 
-10 + 74 
-65 +s7S -so 2 -s + 
-28 + 
4,244 -10 + 19 1,350 -84 -90 3,633 7 •• 5,678 •• 
7.5 -8 
-14 -1 -20 + 8 -8 
-10 -8 + 20 -58 ­
48 -20 + 8 
-4 -7 -17 +10 -1 + 1 
•• + 4 
•• + 18 
TEXAS BUSINESS REVIEW 

Local Business Conditions  Percent change Feb 19G3 Feb 1963  Local Business Conditions  Percent change Feb 1963 Feb 1963  
Feb  from  from  Feb  from  from  
City and item  19G3  Jan 1963  Feb 19G2  City and item  1963  Jan 1963  Feb 1962  
SAN ANTONIO (pop. 587,718) Retail aales .... ........ ............ . 5t Appa.rel stores . . ................. . -H t Drug storm ........ ........ .. . .. . 1t Automotive stores . .. .......... .. . + 1t  -5 -24 2  3 9 + 3 +  SINTON (pop. 6,008) Foetal receipts• .............. .... . . $ Building permits, less federal contracts $ Bank debits (thousands) .............$ End-of-month deposits (thousandsli.. $  5,252 35,350 3,925 5,192  -54 +386 -21 -4  + + 9 + 6  
Eating and drinklns plaeea.. ..... .  Gt  2  Annual rate of deposit turnover. . .  8.9  - 18  -12  
Food atorea .. . .... . .......... . ... . 3t Furniture and bou.eehold appliance stores .... .. . ........ . Gt Gasoline and oervice stationa...... . Gt General merchandise stores.... . ... . -lOt Jewelry stores .... .. ...... ....... . Lumber, buildlns matmial, and hardware stores. . . . ..... . ..• 7t Stationery stores .. . .. . ........... . Poatal receipts• ........... ... .. .. .. • 824,638 Building permits, less federal contracts $ 4,293,190 Bank debits (thousands) .. .. .. . . .. . ..$ GG7,831 End-of-month depoeits (thousands) i . .$ 410,G79  4 -13 -13 + 2 5 + 14 -6 -2G -16 -4  -14 -1 + 3 + 22 -24 + 14 + 23 + 4 + 8 + 3  SLATON (pop. 6,568) Postal receipts• . . . . . . . . . ....$ Building permits, less federal contracts $ Bank debits (thousands) ... . . . ...$ End-of-month depooits (thousands)t.. $ Annual rate of deposit turnover .... . . Employment (area) ......... . Manufacturing employment (area) . Percent unemployed (area) . ... SMITHVILLE (pop. 2,933) Postal receipts• ....... . ......... .. . • Bank debits (thou.sands) . . .....$  4,192 30,549 4,504 5,161 9.9 53,600 5,930 4.6 2,176 1,092  -18 + 133 -35 -11 -35 + 1 + 7 -19 -27  + 20 -12 + 9 + 9 + + 4 + 15 + 2  
Annual rate of deposit turnover. . . . . . Employment (area) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Manufacturins employment (area) . Percent unemployed (area) . . . . . . . . . .  19.2 209,100 24,850 5.8  -12 +  + + + 2 + 9  End-of-month deposits (thousands)i.. $ Annual rate of dep0sit turnover ... SNYDER (pop. 13,850) Postal receipts ....... ...... .... .. ..$  2,330 5.6 11,465  -1 -26 -26  + + 26  
SAN JUAN (pop. 4,371) Postal receipts• ......... ...... .....• 3,13G Building permits, less federal contracts $ 13,450 Bank debits (thousands) . . ...........S 1,711 End-of-month deposits (thousands) i . .$ 2,1 37 Annual rate of deposit turnover..... . 9.8 SAN MARCOS (pop. 12,713) Postal receipts• . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .• 11,135 Building permits, less federal contracts $ 63,585 Bank debits (thousands) ......... . . . . S 7,568 End-of-month depoeits (tho111!&ndsH .. $ 9,393 Annual rate of deposit turnover. . . . . . 9.9  + 15 + 89 -12 + 4 -13 -40 + 38 -7 + 5 -11  + 58 + 28 4 + 6 7 + 4 + 86 + 14 + 12 +  Building permits, less federal contracts $ 34,450 Bank debits (thousands) . . .....$ 12,173 End-of-month deposits (thousands) i. $ 18,718 Annual rate of dep0sit turnover ... . . . 7.7 SOUTH HOUSTON (pop. 7,253) Building permits, less federal contracts $ 164,039 Bank debits (thousands) . . . . $ 4,445 End-of-month deposits (thousands) i ..$ 3,836 Annual rate of deposit turnover. . . . . . 14.8 SULPHUR SPRINGS (pop. 9,160) Postal receipts• ... .... ... . $ 10,612 Building permits, iess federal contracts $ 82,350 Bank debits (thousands) . . . .$ 10,055  -84 -22 -2 -20 +195 -4 + 14 + 1 -59 -16  -50 -29 + 6 -30 + 52 + 18 + 24 + 1 + 17 -49 5  
SAN SABA (pop. 2,728) Postal receipts• . . . . . . .... ..........• Bank debits (thousands) ............ .$ End-of-montb deposits (tho111!&nds) i . .$  3,328 3,383 4,534  -27 -25 -8  + 24 2  End-of-month deposits (thousands)~.. $ 12,557 Annual rate of dep0sit turnover. . ... 9.5 SWEETWATER (pop. 13,914) Postal receipts• ......... . ........ . . $ 12,070  -2 -14 -25  + 12  
Annual rate of deposit turnover .. ... .  8.6  - 24  2  Building permits, less federal contracts $  13,500  -71  -68  
SEAGOVILLE (pop. 3,745) Postal receipts• .... ..... ...........S Building permits, lesa federal contracts $ Bank debits (thousands) . . . $ End-of-month deposits (tho111!&ndsH .. S Annual rate of deposit turnover. . ... .  3,349 81,735 2,136 1,439 17.4  -4 -19 -4 -10  + 68 +1334 + 35 + 17 + 14  Bank debits (thousands). . . $ End-of-month deposits (tho111!&ndsH .. $ Annual rate of deposit turnover. . Nonagricultural placements TAYLOR (pop. 9,434) Retail sale8  11,584 10,489 13.2 74  -31 -1 -28 -10  -1 -1 -42  
SEGUIN (pop. 14,299) Postal receipts• .... . ......... ......S Building permits, Iese federal contracts $ Bank debits (thoueanda) . . . .S End-of-month depoalts (tho111!&nds) t .. S Annual rate of deposit turnover.. . .. . SHERMAN (pop. 24,988) Retail aales .......... ... ........... . Automotive stores ............... . Furniture and houaehold  11,020 G7,600 9,909 14,657 8.0 -3t + 17t  -37 -48 -19 -2 -19 -13 -1  + 8 -38 + 6 + 4 +  Automotive .tor"" ............... . Foetal receipts• ....................$ Building permits, less federal contracts $ Bank debits (tho111!&nds) . .. .. . .$ End-of-month deposits (thousands) i .$ Annual rate of dewsit turnover..... . Nonagricultural placements TEMPLE (pop. 30,419) Retail sales .... .. ................ .. . Apparel stor""  + 17t 7,627 38,850 7,245 13,950 6.0 10 -3t -20t  -21 -35 + 33 -22 -6 -19 -52 2 2  + 22 + 9 + 49 + 7 + 7 3 -84 + 8 + 21  
appliance stores ............... . General merchandise stores...... . . .  -- 7t 12t  -35 -20  4 4  Furnitllle and household appliance stores . . . . . . . . . . . ...  - 7t  + 8  + 27  
Postal receipts• ........ . ..... . .....• Building permits, less federal contracts $ Bank debits (tho111!&nds) ......... . ...$ End-of-month deposits (thouaandsH .. S Annual rate of dep0slt turnover.....  34,474 819,076 26,130 19,318 15.8  -11 + 40 -25 -6 -20  + 24 + + 3 + 2 + 1  Lumber, building material. and hardware stores.. .. ....... . . Postal receipts• ........ . ......$ Bank debits (thousands) . . . $ Nonagricultural placements  + 16t 43,043 25,920 161  7 3 -17 + 38  -6 + 18 + 13 2  
Nonagricultural placements 164 SILSBEE (pop. 6,277) Poetal receipts• ....................S 8,100 Building permits, less federal contracts $ 29,680 Bank debits (thousands) . . . . . . . . . S 4,165 End-of-month deposits (thousands) t $ 5,639  + 28 -16 +336 +  + 37 + 31 + 13 + 9 + 8  TERRELL (pop. 13,803) Postal receipts• ... . ................$ Building permits, less federal contracts $ Bank debits (thousands) . . .. $ End-of-month deposits (thousands) t .$ Annual rate of deposit turnover  7,287 28,327 7,954 8,476 11.2  -13 -7 -14 4  + 8 -50 + 24 + 20 + 4  
Annual  rate of deposit turnover.  9.0  +  2  Nonagricultural placements  30  3  -58  
APRIL 1963  

Percent change Percent change
Local Business Conditions Local Business Conditions 
Feb 196S Feb 1%3 Feb 196S Feb 1963 Feb from from Feb from from City and item 196S Jan 196S Feb 1962 City and item 1963 Jan 1963 Feb 1962 
TEXAS CITY (pop. 32,065) WACO (pop. 103,462r) 
Retail sales Hetail sales .............. .. . . .... . -St -8 •• 

Apparel stores ........ ........... . -20t -19 -11 Apparel stores .. . . . ........... ... . -20t -27 -13 Po•tal recei!lts• .......... ...... .$ 27 ,695 -2 + 36 Automotive stores ....... .. . ... .. . + 17t + 23 + 5 Building permits, less federal contracts $ 288,125 + 29 + 8 Florists ... ...... ...... . + 2 + JO Bank debits (thousands) . . . . ........$ 22,475 -20 -s General merchandise stores. -12t -18 -l End-of-month deJ,>OSits (thonsands) i ..$ 14,480 -1 -13 Lumber, building material, Annual rate of dej)OSit turnover. 18.5 -2S + 15 and hnrdware stores . ... . + 16t + 58 + JO Employment (area) ......... ...... . 52, 700 + 4 Postal receipts• . . . . . . . . . . .. .$ 193,294 + s + 26 
Manufactnring employment (area) . 10,S40 •• 4 Building permits, less federal contraets $ 935,974 -75 + 27 Percent unemployed (area) ......... . 7.9 -12 2 Bank debits (thousands) ..... .. . . . . .. $ 116,5S8 -13 + End-of-month deposit.<! (thouaands) i. $ 75,S9S + 2 
+

TEXARKANA. TEX. (pop. 30,218) Annual rate of deposlt turnover..... . 18.7 -lS + 
Retail aalea ............. .......... .. -St + + 13 Employment (area) . . . . . . . . . . ... . 50,500 •• + Automotive stores ...............• + 17t + 4 + 19 Manufacturing employment (area) . 10,210 1 + Furnitnre and household Percent unemployed (area) ...... ... . 6.1 + 7 + 
appliance stores .. . . . ... .... . . -7t + + 7 Postal receipts•§ ........ ....... .. ...S 60,171 -29 + 16 WAXAHACHIE (pop. 12,749) Building permits, less federal Postal receipts• . ...... .... .. . ......$ 17,815 -13 -19 
contracts§ ... ......... . .... . •.....S 171,900 -3 + 10 Building permits, less federal contracts S 181,S60 +345 +162 Bank debits (thousands) 50,749 -21 + 8 Bank debits (thousands) ......... ... .$ 8,964 -10 + End-of-month deposits (thouaands) U $ 18,436 •• + End-of-month deposit.I! (thousands)t.. $ 9,656 -3 + Annual rate of deposit tnrnover§ ... . 15.5 -21 + 4 Annual rate of deposit turnO'l'er... . . . 11.0 -8 + Employment (area) ............. . . . 31,200 + + 5 Nonagricultural placements 79 + 61 
Manufacturing employment (area) . 6,090 + + S7 Percent wiemployed (area) ......... . 7.2 s -11 WEATHERFORD (pop. 9,759) Postal receipts• . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .• ll,4S7 -28 + 17TOMBALL (pop. 1,713) Building permits, Jess federal contracts $ 44,580 +1S5 + 19 
Bank debits (thousandl!) ............$ 6,979 4 + s 

End-of-month deposits (thouaandsH.. $ l S,792 •• 1 

End-of-month deposits (thousands) i . .$ 6,295 2 + 19 ---­Annual rate of de!J08ft turnover. .. lS.2 -11 WESLACO (pop. 15,649} Retail sales
TYLER (pop. 51,230) 
Food stores ...................... . -7t -4 + 6 

Retail salc.s .................... ....• -St + 2 

Postal receipts• ....................$ 10,078 -so + 9 

Apparel stores ................... . -20t 7 

Building permits, less federal contracts $ Sl4,700 +sos +393 Automotive stores ... . .. .. ... . + 17t 7 

+ Bank debits (thouaands) ... .. ..... . . . $ 7,765 -2 + 23 
Postal receipts .....................$ 108,78S -lS + 16 

End-of-month deposit.I! (thouaands)i. $ 7,5S2 •• -1 
Buildin&' pc.nnits, Jess federal contracts S 85S,37S -58 -S7 
Annual rate at deposit turnover.. ... . 12.4 -2 + 27 B1mk debits (thouaands) . . . . . .$ 88,228 20 
-+ 1 

End-of-month deposits (thousandn); .$ 65,049 + 1 + 5 WICHITA FALLS (pop. 101,724) Annual rate of deposlt turnover. 16.4 -16 2 Retail sales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -St -11 -2 Employment (area) .. 30,950 •• Apparel stores ...... . .......... •.. -20t -S6 + 10 
Manufacturing employment (area) . 7,200 Automotive stores . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + 17t 1
+ 

Percent nnemployed (area) .. . . . 5.2 4 Eating and drinking places. 5t -5 + 7 Nonagricultural placements . ... . . . 671 5 -17 Furniture and household ~=-=-=-=--=-=--:-~~-:-::-::-=-=-:--~~~~~~~~~~-stores -20
appliance 7t + 10
UVALDE (pop. 10,293) 
Genernl merchandise stores. -12t -40 -6 
Postal recei!lts• ....... .............$ 8,780 -2S 

+ 18 
Postal receipt.I! ..... ... ............ .$ 124,765 -28 + 11

Building !)ermits, lees federal contracts $ 4S,469 -48 -12 Building permit.a, less federal contracts $ 1,089,865 -6S + 6.Bank debits (th0118rulds) . . . . . . .$ 12,441 s + 35 
Bank debits (thouaands) . . $ 113,928 -17 + 6End-of-month deposits (thoUJ!ands) i .$ 8,770 8 •• End-of-month deposits (thousandl!) t. $ 100,138 -1 + 4Annual rate of deposit turnover. 16.S -4 + so 

Annual rate of deJ>Osit turnover. . 13.6 -16 + 3 VERNON (pop. 12,141) Employment (area) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44,950 1 + Retail sales Manufacturing employment (area) . S,910 + 1 + 
Automotive stores ............... . + 17t -2S -27 Percent unemployed (area). . . . . . . . . . 5.4 -4 
Postal receipts• ....................S 11,448 -29 -6 

LOWER RIO GRANDE VALLEY (pop. 352,086)

Duilding permits, less federal contracts $ 87,219 -8 ­Bank debits (thousands). . . . . . S 14,037 -34 62 2 (Cameron, Willacy, and Hidalgo Counties) End-of-month deposits (thouaands); .. $ 19,317 2 Retail sales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -St -8 
--s 

Annual rate of deposit turnover 8.6 Apparel stores . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . -20t -14 
-S3 + 1 

Nonagricultural placements ... 39 Automotive stores . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . + 17t -14
-39 -52 Drug stores ...... _.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4t +

VICTORIA (pop. 33,047) ••
Food stores . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7t -4 
Retail sales . ....................... ­

. St + + Furnitnre and household 
Automotive stores .. .... .. .... ... . + 17t + + 8 a!)pliance stores .. .. . .. .. . 7t + S8 + 29 

Food stores ........ ...... ....... . 7t 


7 + Gasoline and iservice station•.. .... . 5t -9 + 2 
Furniture and household General merchandise stores.... . . . -12t -25 
appliance stores . . . . . . . ...... . 

7t + 14 + 7 Lumber, bnllding material,
Lumber, building material, and hardware stores. + 16t -3 + and hardware stores + 16t -17 5 Office, store, and school

Postal receipts• S 41,513 -9 + 4
+ 29 supply dealers ... _.. . + 10 
Building permits, less federnl contracts $ S39,550 + 15
-16 -52 Postal receipt.a• .......... . ... . . . -10 

Bank debits (thousands) $ 62,535 

-12 + s Buliding permits, Jess federal contracts . + 21 + 19 
End-of-month deposits (thmmmds) t g 78,209 2 -1 Bank debits (thousands) . -10 + 12 

Annual rate of deP<>Sit tnrnovcr 

-Nonagricultural placements 
9.5 9 + 2 End-of-month deposits (thousands) t. 2 2 
374 + -SS Annual rnte of deposit turnover 15.2 -6 + 14 
100 
TEXAS BUSINESS REVIEW 




BAROMETERS OF TEXAS BUSINESS 

All figures are for Texas unless otherwise indicated. All indexes are based on the average months for 1957-59, except where indi­cated; all are adjusted for seasonal variation, except annual indexes. Employment estimates are Texas Employment Commission data in cooperation with the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U. S. Department of Labor. The index of Texas business activity is based on bank debits in 20 cities, adjusted for price level. An asterisk (•) indicates preliminary data subject to revision. Revised data are marked (r) . 
Year-to-date average
Feb. Jan. Feb. 1963 1963 
1962 1963 1962 
GENERAL BUSINESS ACTIVITY  
Texas business activity, index .... . .............. . Miscellaneous freight carloadings in SW District, index . Ordinary life insurance sales, index .. . ................. . ... . Wholesale prices in U. S., unadjusted index .. Consumers' prices in Houston, unadjusted index . .............. .. . Consumers' prices in U. S., unadjusted index .... .  132.8 75.8 131.1 100.2 105.0 106.1  138.3r 73.5 117.7 100.5r 106.0  130.4 77.3 109.4 100.7 104.5 104.8  135.6 74.7 124.4 100.4 105.0 106.l  131.7 75.6 106.l 100.8 104.5 104.7  
Income payments to individuals in U. S. (billions, at seasonally ad­ 
justed annual rate) .. . ...... . Business failures (number) . . . . ..... .. .. . .. . .. .. .. ... . . Newspaper lineage, index .. . .. . . . . .... . . . . .......... . ..... . .. . .... .  $ 450.8 52 105.6  s 452.4 56 109.5  s 431.9 36 101.4  $ 451.6 54 107.6  $ 430.4 34 103.l  
TRADE  
Total retail sales, index, 1957-59=100 .  110.2•  113.4r  108.0r  
Durable-goods sales, index, 1957-59=100 . . ... .  112.4•  126.2r  108.lr  
Nondurable-goods sales, index, 1957-59=100 . . ......... ... .... .  109.1 •  106.8r  108.0r  
Ratio of credit sales to net sales in department and apparel stores .  66.4•  65.8•  66.7r  66.1  66.6  
Ratio of collections to outstandings in department and apparel stores .  36.9•  43.3•  38.lr  40.1  40.8  
PRODUCTION  
Total electric power consumption, index. . . . . . . ........... . ...... .  140.8•  135.4r  128.7r  138.l  127.2  
Industrial electric power consumption, index .  130.1 •  123.1 r  122.8r  126.6  119.1  
Crude oil production, index . . . . . .. ... .. .. .  91.I •  90.2  91.7r  90.7  92.6  
Crude oil runs to stills, index . . ...... . . . .... . .  111.5  113.1  106.5  112.3  106.6  
Industrial production in U. S., index . . . . .. . ... . . .  119.1 •  118.9r  116.0r  119.0  115.2  
Texas industrial production-total index . . .... .. . . . . .. . ... .. . . . .  114•  112r  Ill  113  110  
Texas industrial production-manufacturing index .. . . . .... . . . ... .  129•  127r  122r  128  120  
Texas industrial production-durable goods, index . . . . . . .... .. . Texas industrial production-nondurable goods, index . . ......... . .  122• 134•  121 132  117r 126  122 133  ll3 125  
Texas mineral production, index . . ...... .. . .  94  93  96  94  96  
Average daily production per oil well. . . . . . . . . . .... .. .. . .. .  12.7  12.2  13.0  12.5  13.1  
Construction authorized, index, 1957-59=100 .  139.5  120.6  107.3  130.l  120.0  
Residential building, 1957-59=100... ... .. .. .  115.3  110.8  111.9  113.l  109.9  
Nonresidential building, 1957-59=100 .. .. . .. .. .  175.9  137.8  94.8  156.9  142.7  
AGRICULTURE  
Prices received by farmers, unadjusted index, 1910-14= 100 .  262  265  258  264  259  
Prices paid by farmers in U. S., unadjusted index, 1910-14=100 .  311  311  305  311  305  
Ratio of Texas farm prices received to U. S. prices paid by farmers .  84  85  85  85  86  
FINANCE  
Bank debits, index . . ...... . .. . ... . ...... . . .  133.1  139.0  131.3  136.1  132.7  
Bank debits, U. S., index . . . . ......... . . .  145.2  147.9  126.7  146.6  130.2  
Reporting member banks, Dallas Resen•e District:  
Loans (millions) Loans and investments (millions) ............... . ............. . Adjusted demand deposits ( millions) . Revenue receipts of the State Comptroller (thousands) . Federal internal revenue receipts (thousands) .. . ... ... . . ...... . .... .  $ 3,514 s 5,686 $ 2,888 $125,211 $570,425  s 3,506 $ 5,619 s 2,960 $120,183 $268,480  $ 3,262 s 5,252 $ 2,892 $137,903 $509,710  $ 3,510 s 5,653 s 2,924 $122,697 $419,453  $ 3,250 s 5,238 s 2,911 $116,436 $387,200  
LABOR  
Total nonagricultural employment (thousands) ................. .  2,635.2•  2,630.8r  2,582.3r  2,633.0  2,579.3  
Total manufacturing employment (thousands) ......... .  498.7•  499.2  497.3r  499.0  495.2  
Durable-goods employment (thousands) . . ........... .  243.7•  242.4r  239.2r  243.1  237.4  
Nondurable-goods employment (thousands) ..... .  255.0"  256.8r  258.lr  255.9  257.8  
Total nonagricultural labor force in 18 labor market areas (thousands)  2,402.1  2,409.6  2,322.5  2,405.9  2,322.3  
Employment in 18 labor market areas (thousands) ..... .  2,222.9  2,218.l  2,150.0  2,220.5  2,145.5  
Manufacturing employment in 18 labor market areas  
(thousands) ......................... .  395.8  395.8  391.9  395.8  390.5  
Total unemployment in 18 labor market areas (thousands) .  126.3  131.1  11 3.7  128.7  117.7  
Percent of labor force unemployed in 18 labor market areas .  5.3  5.4  4.9  5.4  5.1