TEXAS BUSINESS REVIEW A Monthly Summary of the Business and the Economic Conditions in Texas B U R E A U 0 F B U S I N E S S R E S E A R C H : T H E U N I V E R S I T Y 0 F TE X A S NEW INDEXES OF BUSINESS ACTIVITY FOR TWENTY TEXAS CITIES by Francis B. May I APRIL RETAIL SALES IN TEXAS by Robert M. Lockwood I SALT PRODUCTION IN TEXAS by Rick p. Fisher VOL, XXXVII, NO. 6 $3.00 A YEAR JUNE 1963 TEXAS BUSINESS REVIEW VOL. XXXVII, NO. 6 JUNE 1963 Editor: Stanley A. Arbingast I Associate Editor: Francis B. May/ Managing Editor: James J. Kelly Editorial Board: Stanley A. Arbingast, Chairman, John R. Stockton, Francis M. May, Robert H. Ryan, James J. Kellv CONTENTS 125: THE BUSINESS SITUATION IN TEXAS by John R. Stockton 127: NEW INDEXES OF BUSINESS ACTIVITY FOR TWENTY TEXAS CITIES by Francis B. May 132: SALT PRODUCTION IN TEXAS by Rick P. Fisher 134: APRIL RETAIL SALES IN TEXAS by Robert M. Lockwood 136: APRIL CONSTRUCTION AUTHORIZED IN TEXAS by James J. Kelly 138: LOCAL BUSINESS CONDITIONS BUSINESS RESEARCH COUNCIL John Arch White, Dean of the College of Business Admin­istration (ex officio); John R. Stockton; Jim G. Ashbnrne, Jessamon Dawe, Stephen L. McDonald, E. W. Mumma, David C. Townsend, and W. T. Tucker. COOPERATING FACULTY Charles T. Clark: Associate Professor of Business Sta­ tistics Robert H. Ryan: Special Instructor in Business Commu­ nications L. L. Schkade: Assistant Professor of Business Statistics The Bureau of Business Research is a member of the Associated University Bureaus of Business and Economic Research Published monthly by the Bureau of Business Research, College of BUREAU OF BUSINESS RESBARCH Director: John R. Stockton Associate Director and Resources Specialist: Stanley A Arbingast Assistant to the Director: Florence Escott Statistician: Francis B. May Administrative Assistant: Juanita Hammons Research Associate: Charles 0. Bettinger, Robert R. Budd, Marie Fletcher; James J. Kelly, Ida M. Lambeth, Robert M. Lockwood, Margaret Paulissen, Elizabeth R. Turpin Research Assistant: Stanley Ault, Rick P. Fisher, Sneed Lary, Bobby Lloyd, Gary Patterson, Theodore ten Broeke Administrative Secretary: Margaret F. Smith Senior Secretary: Elsa Acker Senior Clerk Typist: Linda Beard, Claire Howard, Elnora Mixson, Janet Redding Cartographer: Jo Ann Turk, Ellen Wray Library Assistant: Merle Danz Statistical Technician: Elva A. Arias Statistical Assistant: Mildred Anderson, Carol Laws Clerical Assistant: Robert Jenkins, Diana Rausch Offset Press Operator: Robert Dorsett, Daniel P. Rosas Business Administration, The University of Texas, Au•tin 12. Secon~-cln" postage paid at Austin, Texas. Content of this publication is not copyrighted and may be reproduced freely. Acknowledgment of source will be appreciated. Subscription, $3.00 a year; individual copies, 25 cents. BUSINESS ACTIVITY IN TEXAS DURING APRIL SHOWED IN general a substantial improvement over March. The index of business activity compiled by the Bureau of Business Research from bank debits in twenty cities reported to the Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas rose 13% after adjustment for seasonal variation. This sharp increase car­ried the index to a new high, after having declined for the two previous months. The previous record of 138.3 set in January was beaten when the March level reached 139.2. The month-to-month fluctuations of this index are somewhat erratic, and it was not unexpected that the high point of January was followed by a decline in the two following months. A more significant measure of the present level of business is the average of 133.5 for the first four months of 1963, which is 4.5% higher than the average for the last quarter of 1962. The improvement in the level of Texas business tends to parallel the rising trend of business for the country as a whole. Personal income in the United States set a new record in April, due to expanded employment. Gross National Product for the first quarter of 1963 was 1.5% higher than the last quarter of 1962. The index of in­dustrial production compiled by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System in April rose to a record high of 122.4% of the 1957-59 base period. This was the third successive monthly rise in the index. There is a gen­eral feeling of optimism among business analysts with regard to the national business picture, and the barometers for Texas business generally indicate a somewhat im­proved prospect for the state's economy. Consumer spending in Texas during April was 2% below March after allowance for seasonal variation. Nondurable goods stores registered an increase of l '/c , but automobiles sales failed to maintain the high level of the earlier months and were chiefly responsible for the small decline in total retail sales. However, total sales for the first four months of 1963 were 3% ahead of the same period in 1962, and sales for April 1963 were 6% higher than for April 1962. In spite of the slight slowing down in Texas automo­bile sales in April, the month was 14% higher than April 1962, and the first four months of 1963 were 6% ahead of the same period last year. The sales of auto­mobile dealers in Texas have been an important contribu- T.EXAS BUSINESS ACTIVITY Index-Adjusted for seasonal variation-1957-1959 =100 tor to the improving overall business picture. Other con­sumer durable goods have been equally as strong a sup­port to consumer spending as automobiles, with the result that sales of all durable goods stores are running 6% higher than last year. Industrial activity continued strong during April, with industrial electric power consumption 9% higher than March and 12% above a year ago. Crude petroleum pro­duction rose 1% over March, and refining, as measured by crude runs to stills, increased by the same percentage. The seasonally adjusted index of industrial production in Texas, compiled by the Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas, rose from 113 in March to 115 in April. Manufacturing employment increased .5% in April, and average weekly hours worked increased .1 hours. The rate at which industry is expanding is one of the most important factors in the Texas business picture, and the prospects for a healthy increase in this segment of the economy during 1963 looks favorable. No sta­tistical data are available for capital spending plans in Texas, but national figures compiled by the Securities and Exchange Commission and the Department of Commerce SELECTED BAROMETERS OF TEXAS BUSINESS (1957-59= 100) Percent change Apr 1963 Apr 1%3 April March April from from Index 1963 1963 1962 Mar 1963 Apr 1962 Texas business activity ..........139.2 123.7 128.2 + 13 + 9 Miscellaneous freight carload­ ings in S.W. district 79.3 77.5 78.4 + 2 + Crude petroleum production ... 92.8* 91.8r 90.9r + + 2 Crude oil runs to stills ..110.l 108.5 107.7 + + 2 Total electric power consumption .147.7* 134.6 130.0 + 10 + 14 Industrial power consumption .... 137.6* 125.7 123.1 + + 12 Bank debits ..138.9 123.6 128.7 + 12 + 8 Ordinary life insurance sales.....129.6 118.0 103.8 + 10 + 25 Total retail sales............. . .. 113.2* 115.5r 106.8r -2 + 6 Durable-goods sales ... 119.0* 126.9r 105.3r -6 + 13 Nondurable-goods sales ..110.2* 109.6r 107.0r + 1 + 3 Urban building permits issued ....123.9 137.1 113.7 -10 + 9 Residential . . . ..............116.7 122.7 120.1 -5 3 Nonresidential .....132.1 152.4 99.9 -13 + 32 Total industrial production ......115 113 112 + 2 + 3 Average weekly earnings- manu!acluring . . . . . . ........112.8• 111.1 112.7 + 2 •• Average weekly hours­manufRcturing .. .... 101.3* 100. 7 102.0 + -1 Adjusted for seasonal variation. •Pre1iminary. rRevised. ••Cha nge is less than one-half of 1%. indicate that business firms expect to spend an all-time high of $39.1 billion during 1963. The rate of spending for the first quarter was expected to be about the same as the last quarter of 1962, but increases were expected for the subsequent quarters of 1963. Capital expendi­tures made in Texas have in the past been closely related to the national totals, so it is reasonable to conclude that industrial expansion will become an increasingly impor­tant element in the Texas business picture. Consumer and government spending have been the most important supports to Texas business during the past six months and they will probably continue at close to their present levels. The increased spending on capital goods should be a significant factor in pushing the level of business higher during the remainder of this year. The value of construction authorized in Texas de­clined 10% in April after adjustment for seasonal varia­tion. Nonresidential construction declined 13%, while residential declined only 5%. This was the second con­secutive month that total construction declined, but the first four months of 1963 were 7.0% above the first four months of last year. Residential building has not made as great an advance over the first four months of last year as nonresidential, the percentages of increase being 2.5 and 10.3, respectively. The National Association of Home Builders estimates that housing starts this year for the nation as a whole will about equal last year; for the first one-third of the year housing authorized has been run­ning a little ahead of last year in Texas. The outlook for nonresidential construction in Texas continues bright for the remainder of the year. BUSINESS ACTIVITY INDEX (1957-59=100) Percent change City April 1963 March 1963 April 1962 April 1963 April 1963 from from March 1963 April 1962 Abilene .. 127.6 108.8 125.9 + 17 + 1 Amarillo .132.4 114.7 124.2 + 15 + 7 Austin .....146.2 142.1 131.8 + + 11 Beaumont ..127.9 114.8 116.2 + 11 + 10 Corpus Christi ... 112.4 106.0 101.8 + 6 + 10 Corsicana ....114.6 111.1 105.0 + + 9 Dallas ....159.4 125.5 124.7 + 27 + 28 El Paso ..........121.7 111.4 Ft. Worth .116.4 106.2 115.0 115.9 + 9 + 10 + 6 •• Galveston .........111.6 97.1 116.3 + 15 -4 Houston ..140.8 126.7 124.9 + 11 + 18 Laredo ...........136.0 129.7 123.5 + 5 + 10 Lubbock .. 139.3 140.7 127.4 1 + 9 Port Arthur 97.1 94.3 90.8 + 3 + 7 San Angelo .... . 108.9 100.6 107.8 + 8 + 1 San Antonio .. 142.4 125.7 122.9 + 13 + 16 Texarkana .. 163.4 136.2 124.5 + 20 + 31 Tyler .127.7 117.8 116.5 + 8 + 10 Waco ....126.7 122.0 116.6 + 4 + 9 Wichita Falls ..... 118.0 106.9 115.1 + 10 + 3 Adjusted for seasonal variation. ••Change is less than one-half of 1%­ Although the barometers of Texas business appear to be keeping pace with the measures of business for the country as a whole, one comprehensive measure of eco­nomic activity indicates that Texas showed less advance during 1962 than was shown by the other states. The data on per capita personal income from each state, compiled by the United States Department of Commerce, give comparable data for the economy of each state. In 1962 per capita personal income in Texas increased 2.9% over 1961, but for the United States as a whole 1962 per capita personal income was 4.1% higher than in 1961. Texas per capita income was 86.1 % of the per capita personal income for the United States, the lowest this ratio has been since 1948. This ratio increased substan­tially between 1935, when it was 67.4%, and 1949, when it was 92.8%, but since that date, it has fluctuated at a lower level, and the trend has been slightly downward. This is disturbing evidence that the growth of the econ­omy of Texas is falling behind the growth rate of the nation. NEW INDEXES OF BUSINESS ACTIVITY FOR TWENTY TEXAS CITIES by Francis B. May FOR A NUMBER OF YEARS THE BUREAU OF Bl:SINESS RE­search has published an index of business activity based upon bank debits in twenty cities selected from among the largest communities in the state. The index is adjust­ed for seasonal variations and price fluctuations. Removal of seasonal fluctuations makes it easier to follow the course of the business cycle. Adjustment for price varia­tion removes the effects of inflation, showing fluctuations in sales of goods and services in constant dollar values. Removal of price effects gives a more accurate measure­ment of changes in the volume of real goods and services. The adjusted index is a valuable indicator of monthly variations in the level of business activity in the state. Beginning in March of this year the Bureau has com­puted an index similar to the state index for each of the twenty cities included in that index. These indexes have been needed for a long while in order to make some com­parisons of rates of growth in different areas of the state. Until the Bureau secured ready access to an electronic digital computer, computation of the indexes was too slow and costly to be attempted on a tight monthly schedule of publication. The twenty cities and their populations are shown in Table 1 below. The combined population of these cities amounted to 36.81% of total population in the state in 1950. It was 44.10% of total Texas population in 1960, a substantial increase. The growing proportion of the state's population residing in these twenty cities is an indication of their increasing importance. Intercity comparisons indicate that, while their com­bined population increased 48.84% between 1950 and 1960, some of the cities grew faster than this rate. Notable among these was El Paso with a 112.05% increase which put it in first place in intercensal growth rate. ~ext was Abilene, which grew 98.31 % to achieve second rank in terms of growth rate. Amarillo, Lubbock, and Houston were third, fourth, and fifth highest. These rates include population growth resulting from all factors : annexations, immigration, and excess of births over deaths. Of the four largest cities in the group-Dallas, Fort Worth, Houston, and San Antonio--0nly two had inter­censal growth rates above the combined rate for all twenty cities. San Antonio, with a 43.97% increase, was not far below. Fort Worth, with a 27.96% increase, had a popu­lation growth rate that was substantial although below the average. It is notable that the four fastest growing cities in the group, Abilene, Amarillo, El Paso, and Lubbock, are in the western and northwestern parts of the state. It seems likely that pressure of a growing population will continue to cause many industries which are not directly tied to resources to move to western cities that offer plenty of space and amenities. Many space age industries are of this type. The electronics industry is a notable example. Total population of the state rose from 7,711,194 in 1950 to 9,579,677 in 1960, a 24.23% increase. This was almost exactly half the rate of increase for the twenty cities. The long-term trend toward concentration of popu­lation into urban areas obviously continued during the decade. Thirteen of the cities had rates of increase above the state average. Of those below, Texarkana, with a 22.08% increase, was rather near the average. ~one of the cities experienced a decrease, although Gah·eston showed a very slight increase. The average monthly values of the indexes of certain selected years are shown in Table 2. Ce1iain national and state trends have an important bearing on the economic activity of the cities and should be considered in relation to the indexes of business activity. The period 1953-57 was one of rapidly rising business activity fueled by a post-World War II boom in con­struction and in manufacture of consumers' durables. These forces are generally considered to have spent th~m­selves by the end of 1D57. During the second penod, 1!)57-1962, economic growth depended on replacement de­mand and continued population growth. Indexes of Texas and United States business activity, shown at the bottom of the table, reveal that the Texas volume grew 70.86% between 1953 and 1962, compared with 80.18% for the United States. Both of these indexes are based on bank debits adjusted for price changes. Both have an upward bias in that they show a higher growth rate than ac­tually occuned in Gross National Product. This is be­cause bank debits measure dollar volume of business Table 1 RANK BY PERCENT INCREASE IN POPULATION OF TWENTY TEXAS CITIES, 1950-1960 City• 1950 1960 Percent increase Rank by percent increase Abilene 45,570 90,368 98.31 2 Amarillo . . .... . . . . 74,246 137,969 85.83 3 Austin ... 132,459 186,545 40.83 10 Beaumont ... 94,014 119,175 26.76 13 Corpus Christi 108,287 167,690 54.86 7 Corsicana ... . . . ..... . . . 19,211 20,344 5.90 19 Dallas ·· · ···· 434,462 679,684 56.44 El Paso ... ·· ········· ·.. 130,485 276,687 112.05 Fort Worth 278,778 356,729 27.96 12 Galveston . . . . . ... . . . .. 66,568 67,175 .91 20 Houston 596,163 938,219 57.38 Laredo 51,910 60,678 16.89 15 Lubbock 71,747 128,691 79.37 4 Port Arthur ·· ··· ······ · 57,530 66,676 15.90 16 San Angelo 52,093 58,815 12.90 18 San Antonio ····· ······ · 408,442 588,042 43.97 Texarkana 24,753 30,218 22.08 14 Tyler . .. .. .. . . . 38,968 51,352 31.78 11 Waco 84,706 97,808 15.47 17 Wichita Falls 68,042 101,724 49.50 8 *Urban place by Census definition. Source: 1950 and 1960 U. S. Census of Population. transactions effected by check payments. This figure in­cludes kinds of payments which are not included in Gross National Product. Gross National Product reflects the market value of goods and services produced and sold to ultimate consumers. During the course of production and distribution, these goods may be bought and sold several times with a check payment made each time. Hence the upward bias in bank debits as a measure of business activity. Despite this bias, bank debits are a useful in­dicator of the course of business activity. An index of this kind is one of the few available on a state and local basis monthly. Annual data are not useful to show month­ly changes in the business cycle. Changes in the business cycle are of great interest to businessmen. The National Bureau of Economic Research classifies bank debits as an indicator whose changes generally coincide with changes in the general business cycle. In addition, correlation analysis reveals that the index of Texas business activity is closely related to total per­sonal income in the state. This is further evidence of the usefulness of the index as an economic indicator since personal income is a measure of the annual earni~gs of the state's citizens. A 1 % increase in the average monthly value of the index for a given year is associated with an increase of approximately $161 million in annual personal income for the state. An examination of Table 2 shows that during the two five-year intervals, 1953-57 and 1957-62, some cities ex­perienced more rapid growth in the first period, and oth­ers forged ahead faster during the second. Business activ­ity in Abilene in 1957 rose 48.34% over 1953; however, in 1962 it had advanced by only 32.24% over 1957. Austin, on the other hand, experienced more rapid increase dur­ing the second period, 62.27% compared with 39.85%. The Table 2 AVERAGE MONTHLY VALUES, PERCENT INCREASES, AND RANK BY PERCENT INCREASE OF INDEXES OF BUSINESS ACTIVITY FOR TWENTY TEXAS CITIES 1953, 1957, AND 1962 Index of business activity (1957-59= 100) Percent increase Rank of 1953-62 City• 1953 1957 1962 1953-57 1957-62 1953-62 increase Abilene 63.43 94.09 124.42 48.34 32.24 96.15 Amarillo 71.49 90.37 119.71 26.41 32.47 67.45 Austin 64.06 89.59 145.38 39.85 62.27 126.94 Beaumont 91.73 101.88 115.38 11.07 13.25 25.78 18 Corpus Christi 84.63 101.57 108.35 20.02 6.68 28.03 16 Corsicana 88.46 97.82 106.70 10.58 9.08 20.62 19 Dallas 74.19 94.63 142.65 27.55 50.75 92.28 3 El Paso 71.33 90 .78 112.87 27.27 24.33 58.24 8 Fort Worth 76.52 96.03 113.71 25.50 18.41 48.60 11 Galveston 89.40 107.16 104.75 19.87 -2.25 17.17 20 Houston 75.43 98.26 128.54 30.27 30.82 70.41 5 Laredo 84.89 95.58 132.63 12.59 38.76 56.24 9 Lubbock 67.36 87.16 129.04 29.39 48.05 91.57 4 Port Arthur 77.47 102.26 98.43 32.00 -3.75 27.06 17 San Angelo 78.89 95.60 110.99 21.18 16.10 40.69 13 San Antonio 74.97 93.72 124.44 25.01 32.78 65.99 Texarkana 99.85 93.39 130.73 -6.47 39.98 30.93 15 Tyler 74.29 98.76 115.10 32.94 16.55 54.93 10 Waco . . 81.82 94.10 120.28 15.01 27.82 47.01 12 Wichita Falls 82.22 93.45 110.49 13.66 18.23 34.38 14 Texas 75.5 96.0 129.0 27.15 34.38 70.86 United States 76.2 95.6 137.3 25.46 43.62 80.18 *Urban place by Census definition. Adjusted for seasonal variation. Source: Dallas Federal Reserve Bank and Bureau of Business Rt>­search, The University of Texas. experience of El Paso paralleled that of Abilene. Amarillo had its more rapid growth in the second period, as did Lubbock. Among the state's large cities, Dallas grew almost twice as fast in the second period as during the first, 50.75% compared with 27.55%. Growth of Fort Worth slowed during the 1957-62 period. Houston grew at about the same rate during both periods. San Antonio grew slightly faster during the second period. If we compared 1962 values of the index with 1953, nearly all cities experienced substantial growth. A glance at the extreme right-hand column of Table 2 shows the cities ranked by 1953-62 percentage increase in the value of the index. Austin ranks at the top, followed by Abilene, Dallas, Lubbock, Houston, Amarillo and San Antonio, in that order. What factors account for high growth rates in some instances and lower ones in others? There is no general answer to this question, but it is well known that eco­nomic activity in an area is associated with the amount of basic industrial employment. A basic industry is one which exports goods or services beyond the confines of TEXAS BUSINESS REVIEW the local area. Exports bring in income essential to growth and expansion. Most manufacturing is basic in­dustry since few factories manufacture purely for local consumption. A look at increases in manufacturing em­ployment, which reflects growth in manufacturing, will be most revealing. Table 3 shows changes in manufactur­ing employment in the twenty cities. Total manufacturing employment in the state in 1950 was 372,909 and in 1960 was 540,161, according to United States Census of Population data. The intercensal Table S MANUFACTURING EMPLOYMENT IN TWENTY TEXAS CITIES AND PERCENT INCREASE, 1950-1960 Number City• emvloyed in manufacturing 1950 1960 Percent increase 1950-1960 Rank by percent increase Abilene ··· ·· ·· ··· 1,955 3,285 68.03 6 Amarillo 3,394 5,889 73.51 5 Austin . . ··········· 3,253 5,249 61.36 8 Beaumont 7,869 8,726 10.89 18 Corpus Christi 4,419 7,688 73.98 Corsicana 1,300 l,679 29.15 15 Dallas 35,698 58,568 64.07 '7 El Paso 5,282 13,629 158.03 Fort Worth 28,347 32,585 14.95 16 Galveston 3,532 2,584 -26.84 20 Houston . . . . . . . . .. . . . 51,487 71,365 38.61 11 Laredo .. 889 1,004 12.94 17 Lubbock ..... ... . . ....... 2,329 5,166 121.81 2 Port Arthur 9,169 8,494 -7.36 19 San Angelo ... 1,473 2,093 42.09 10 San Antonio 16,210 20,972 29.38 14 Texarkana . . . . . . . . . . 1,131 1,521 34.48 12 Tyler 1,994 3,592 80.14 8 Waco 4,656 6,199 33.14 13 Wichita Falls 2,109 3,320 57.42 9 Total .... .186,496 263,608 41.35 •Urban place by Census definition. Source: 1950 and 1960 U. S. Census of Population. increase was 167,252, or 44.85%. The twenty selected cities had 50.01 % of the manufacturing employment in 1950 and 48.80% in 1960. A look at the third column of Table 3 reveals that two cities, Galveston and Port Ar­thur, lost manufacturing employment between censuses. Nine of the cities had larger percentage increases in em­ployment than the state average. Of the four largest cities, Dallas had a percentage in­crease in manufacturing employment greater than the state average; Fort Worth fell below; Houston was a little below; and San Antonio was considerably below. The extreme right-hand column of Table 3 ranks the cities by size of intercensal percentage increases in manu­facturing employment. El Paso with an increase of 158.03% was number one. Lubbock was next with an in­crease of 121.81%. Tyler, Corpus Christi, and Amarillo, in that order, had the next largest increases. An examination of the other tables indicates that, in general, those cities with strong gains in manufacturing employment had good gains in their economic indexes and also in population growth. As a further verification of this general fact, numerical measures of relationship were computed. These measures compare relative standing of cities by rank according to a given characteristic. The measure of relationship is called the Spearman rank coefficient of correlation. Correlation of rank by percentage increase in manu­facturing employment with rank by percentage increase in the economic index yields a high positive coefficient of correlation. This shows that strong increases in manufac­turing employment are closely related with high in­creases in economic activity. Manufacturing is not the only basic industry, but it is a very important one. Tour­ism, Government, wholesaling, and financial institutions can also be basic in that they draw income from beyond the confines of the local area. Correlation of rank by percentage increase in popula­tion with rank by percentage increase in manufacturing employment also shows a strong positive relationship. The high positive coefficient of correlation indicates that those cities with rapid increase in manufacturing em­ployment opportunities have rapid population growth. In summary, it is clear that growth in manufacturing employment has been a key factor in the growth of these twenty cities. Those with no growth or slow growth have generally lagged in economic progress. Future efforts to promote manufacturing should be intensified. In addition, where circumstances favor it, other basic industries such as tourism should be promoted as actively as possible. Coastal cities have a natural advantage in promotion of tourism. Cities in mountainous areas of West Texas also have scenic beauty to aid them in promoting tourism. 1963 PUBLICATIONS of the Bureau of Business Research The University of Texas In keeping with its function of providing public sen;ce to the people of Texas and the nation, the Bureau has available a considerable fund of information on business and eco­nomic conditions. Just off the press is this compilation of publications currently in print and now being offered. There is no charge for 1963 Publications. ORDER YOUR COPY FROM THE BUREAU OF BUSINESS RESEARCH CORSICANA BUSINESS ACTIVITYABILENE BUSINESS ACTIVITY I11clex-A cljusted for sea1onnl variation-1957-1959=100 200 . 150 150 100 100 J953 '5·t '55 '56 '57 '58 '59 '60 '61 '62 '63 A fARILLO BUSINESS ACTIVITY DALLAS BUSINESS ACTIVITY Index-Adjusted for seasonal varia1io11-1957-1959=100lndn-4dj ustl'tl for ~et1M1wl 11oriatio11-195i.J959=100 200 150 50 100 00 50 0 1953 '51 '55 '56 '57 '58 '59 '60 '61 '62 '63 1953 54 55 '56 '57 '58 '59 60 '61 '62 63 AUSTIN BUSINESS ACTIVITY EL PASO BUSINESS ACTIVITY Index-Adjusted for .H•tu01wl uoriation-1957-1959=100 Index-Adjusted for seasonal variation-1957-1959=100 200 200 200 20() Al A .At I'll I~ • l,JV" C:-0Vyv '·rr A_, ~ rA.f\ ·~· l.../w .r1~· I 50 15 15() 10() 100 10 50 50 50 () 0 1953 '5 1 55 '56 '57 '58 '51) '60 '61 '62 '6:1 BEAUMONT BUSINESS ACTIVITY FORT WORTH BUSINESS ACTIVITY lnde:r-Adjuated for aeasonal vnriation-1957-1959=100 lndt>x-Adjusted for seasonal varialion-1957-1959=100 200 200· 200 150 150 l so 100 I 00 10 50 5050 ° 1953 '54 '55 '56 '57 '58 '59 '60 '61 '62 '63 CORPUS CHRISTI BUSINESS ACTIVITY GALVESTON BUSINESS ACTIVITY Index-Adju.red for •ea•onal variation-1957·1959=100 200 200 150 I so JOO I 00 50 so 0 Source: Based on bank debits reported by the Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas and adjusted for seasonal variation and changes in the price level by the Bureau of Business Research. ~ l~O . .A •• J i&.A..J" A I .. v· ~ "V' "' '\. JOO F;J ~ "" 50 0 HOUSTON BUSINESS ACTIVITY SAN ANTONIO BUSINESS ACTIVITY 20u 15 0 lndu-Adju1ted for 1ea1onal variation-1957-1959=100 l11 dex-Adjusled for se<110 11al raria1io11-l95i·l9S9=100 200 150 10 100 1953 5·~ 55 56 '5 7 58 '59 '60 '6 l LAREDO BUSINESS ACTIVITY '62 '63 l 953 '51 '55 '56 '57 '58 '59 '60 '61 '62 TEXARKANA BUSINESS ACTIVITY °63 lndt>x-Adju&ted for seasonal variation-1957-1959=100 lride:c-Adjusted for 1earnnal varialion-1957-1959=100 200 200 1::; 150 I 50 100 JO 100 50 1953 '54 '55 '56 '57 '58 '59 '60 '61 '62 '63 LUBBOCK BUSINESS ACTIVITY. TYLER BUSINESS ACTIVITY Index-Adjusted for u a1onal variation-1957-1959=100 lndex-Adju!led for seasonal variation-1957-1959=100 200 20 200 200 15 150 150 JO 100 100 50 50 0 0 1953 '54 '55 '56 '57 '58 '59 '60 '61 '62 '63 PORT ARTHUR BUSINESS ACTIVITY WACO BUSINESS ACTIVITY Index-Adjusted for seasonal variation-19.57-1959=100 Index-Adjusted fo r searnnal variation-1957-1959=100 200 200 200 200 150 150 J50 150 100 100 JOO 100 50 50 0 195~ '54 '55 '56 '57 '58 '59 '60 '61 '62 '63 1953 '5 ~ '55 '56 '57 '58 '59 '60 '61 '62 '63 SAN ANGELO BUSINESS ACTIVITY WICHITA FALLS BUSINESS ACTIVITY lndex-Adjuated for ~ea&onal variation-1957-1959=100 lndex-Adj1uted for aeosonol varilltion-1957-1959=100 200 I 50 JOO 50 0 1953 51 5;, :.6 '5 7 '58 '59 '60 61 62 6.l Source: Based on bank debits reported by the Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas and adjusted for seasonal variation and changes in the price level by the Bureau of Business Research. SALT PRODUCTION IN TEXAS by Rick P. Fisher ACCORDING TO THE BUREAU OF MINES' LATEST NATIONAL figures, Texas was second only to Louisiana in quantity of salt produced in 1960, producing 19% of the United States total; but the state was fifth in total value of salt recovered (behind Michigan, New York, Ohio, and Lou­isiana). The reason for this seeming discrepancy is that the greater portion of the salt recovered in Texas was in brine, while the other four states produced larger pro­portions of rock salt, which brings a substantially higher price per pound than salt in brine. To the consumer, salt is a white, granular substance, which is packaged in small cardboard cylinders. Each American consumes about 11 pounds of salt per year; yet consumption as food accounts for but 3% of the na­tion's total salt use. The various chemical industries use about 67 % of the salt produced, most of which goes into chlorine-caustic soda and soda ash manufacture, and an increasing amount is being used each winter by state highway departments for snow and ice removal and road stabilization. Salt is recovered in Texas by all of the major recovery methods-solar evaporation, mining, and tapping of natu­ral and artificial brine wells. Although solar evaporation produces most of the world's salt supply, the prevailing 11roduction method employed in the United States and in Texas is recovery from natural and artificial brine wells, accounting for better than 90% of the total salt produced. The natural well operates in the same manner as any water well-a hole is drilled to the deposit, and the brine is pumped to the surface. In recovery from an artificial well, a shaft is sunk into a salt bed or dome two concentric pipes are inserted, and hot water i~ pumped into the stratum. The resulting well contains a highly concentrated salt solution; the brine is then pm~ped _out as in the case of the natural well, ready for punfication, crystallization, or sale as is. Solar evaporation of sea water and water from salt lakes, in its simplest form, consists of trapping the water in shallow ponds and allowing the sun to evaporate it un­til nothing remains but salt and a few impurities. This method has been in use since long before recorded history began, but it has gone through many refinements since its unannounced beginning. Today, the salt water is trapped in ponds as before, but the process does not end there; the brine is transferred from pond to pond as its salt concentration increases, and various impurities are precipitated. When the last of the water is evaporated, extremely pure solar salt remains, which is harvested mechanically and stored in open piles. Gathering salt in rock form from deposits is by far the most primitive of recovery methods; its modern coun­terpart is surface mining of the same deposits. Salt de­posits, which occur underground in beds and dome strata, Table 1 SALT SOLD OR USED IN TEXAS, 1961, BY PRODUCTION METHOD Sold Used Quantity Value Quantity Value Production (thousand (thousand (thousand (thousandmethod short tons) dollars) short tons) dollars) Evaporated and rock* ....368 5,998 Brine .. 298 662 4,030 11,022 Total ... 666 6,660 4,030 11,022 *Evaporated and rock salt combined to avoid disclosing individual company data. Source: U. S. Bureau of Mines, Bartlesville,oklahoma. _;.;.______ ______. are also tapped by room and pillar mining, in which the salt face is reached by a shaft, and the rock salt is re­moved by driving gangways and panels or rooms, leav­ing pillars for roof support. Undercutting and blasting break up the salt, which is then mechanically loaded and hauled to the surface for processing. An excellent ex­ample of such an installation is the Kleer mine at Grand Saline, in Van Zandt County. Rock salt needs no furt~er purification; so processing amounts to crushing, screemng for size, and packaging for sale. Brine, on the other hand, if not sold or used as taken from the ground, must be purified for sale as brine or purified and evaporated to be sold as c1-ystallized salt. The salt which the average American sprinkles on his food is refined from brine by the grainer (or vacuum) process; the purified brine is pumped into a vacuum tank and boiled, precipitating tiny, cubic salt crystals, which are removed during the process, dried and pack­aged. Salt for such uses as meat and fish preservation and hide tanning is produced by the open pan evapora­tion method, in use much longer than the grainer method, Table 2 SALT SOLD OR USED IN THE UNITED STATES, BY CONSUMERS OR USES, 1961 Quantity Percent Consumer or use (short tons) of tolal Chlorine . .. . 3,798,620 80.9 Soda ash 320,660 6.7 Rubber manufacture 73,190 1.6 State and federal governments 68,620 1.6 Caustic soda 66,900 1.4 Oil 37,160 0.8 Pulp and paper 37,450 0.8 Grocery stores 32,920 0.7 Meat packers 27,330 0.6 Miscellaneous• 232,660 6.0 Total .. 4,695,200 100.0 *Includes. among others, soap manufacture, ceramics, ice production, metals production, and textiles. Source: U. S. Bureau of Mines, Bartlesville, Oklahoma. whereby salt is precipitated by boiling the brine at atmos­pheric pressure; the resulting salt is flaky rather than in small cubes and is not quite as pourable as grainer salt, even when crushed, for grainer's pourability is due to its cubic shape, unattainable with the older method. Since the open pan method is more economical than the vacuum process, and many industries do not require free­pouring salt, producers have made few moves to phase out the older process. Very little salt, other than solar, is maintained in stock­piles because of the as yet unmeasured vastness of the resource. Even solar salt is not stored as a reserve, but merely stocked as harvested during the production season to be used during the nonproducing months. Nearly all of the salt recovered in Texas is used by consumers with­in the state, with many industrial users simply taking the salt in brine from the ground as they need it. Texas' principal salt producing counties are Brazoria, Chambers, and Duval; although salt is recovered in a total of ten counties in the state. In the past decade, the total value Table 3 SALT SOLD OR USED IN THE UNITED STATES, Quantity Value (thousand (thousandYear short tons) dollars) 1956 24,206 $136,138 1957 ............ . .. . .... 23,844 148,186 1958 21,911 141,486 1959 25,160 155,839 1960 25,479 161,140 Source: United States Bureau of Mines, Minerals Yearboolc, Vol. I. of salt produced in Texas has quadrupled, because of the demands made by the rapidly expanding chemical in­dustry in the state. A recent study has indicated that the trend of salt production correlates closely with the Gross National Product. On this basis, the Bureau of Mines predicts that salt production in Texas will be at least double its present state by 1975. Salt is far more important to Texas' economy than is shown by production and valuation statistics, for, along with petroleum and natural gas, sulphur, water and the various forms of lime, it is a basic ingredient to many of SALT RECOVERY I TEXAS * YOAAUM qwAlo LEGEND A Rock solt • Evoporoted sol! * Solt in brine from natural and artificial wells • Rock salt from underground mine the nation's chemical industries. For example, salt in original or converted form (elemental chlorine and sodi­um, caustic soda, soda ash, etc.) is essential to pulp and paper production, manufacture of glass containers, pe­troleum and natural gas refining, synthetic rubber pro­duction, and soap manufacture, to list but a few. It is obvious that the state which can offer large quantities of the basic ingredients to many and varied industries stands in a more favorable position than less fortunate loca­tions in the competition for industrial development. Texas, with its abundant chemical resources, is such a favored state. AN ANALYSIS OF THE TEEN-AGE MARKET by Philip R. Cateora Assistant Professor of Marketing University of Southern California Los Angeles This study presents an investigation of several aspects of the teen-ager as a consumer. Emphasis is given to social as well as economic forces in the existing consumer market, and the teenager is projected in the role of the future adult consumer....... $2.00 ORDER YOUR COPY FROM THE BUREAU OF BUSINESS RESEARCH (Texas residents add 2% sales tax) APRIL RETAIL SALES IN TEXAS by Robert M. Lockwood AFTER THE PRE-EASTER BUYING PEAK IN LATE MARCH AND early April, Texas retail sales decli:r:ed slig?tly last month, depressing the seasonally adJusted mdex to 113.2% of the 1957-1959 average. The April average was 2.3 points off the 115.5% posted in March, when fairly brisk early spring buying rounded off a fairly good first quarter. The $1,013.4 million in estimated total reta!l l'lales for the state in April was $5.4 million below esti­mated total sales for the previous month. The seasonally adjusted index of durable goods sales, which ranged between 126.2% and 127.5% during De­cember, January, and March, dropped to the approxi­mately 119.0% of the HHi7-1959 average recorded last Fehruary. Slidi11g in consistent increases from 102.2% last December to 112.3% in February, the index of non­durables buying rose from the March low of 109.6% to 110.2% last month. ESTIMATES OF TOTAL RETAIL SALES Percent change April Jan-Apr 1963 1963 Apr 1963 Apr 1963J an-Apr 1963 from from from Ca::ssificaLion (millions of dollars) l\far 1963 Apr 1962Jan-Apr 1962 TOTAL $1,013.4 $3,871.7 -1 + 6 + 3 Durable goods• 374.4 1,467 .8 -1 +13 + 6 Nondurable goods 639.0 2,403.n ~'* + 3 + 2 Contains automotive stores, furniture stores, and lumber, building material, and hardware stores. ••Change is less than one-half of 1%. Although the estimated retail sales for April were down about 1% in the durable and up less than 1% in the nondurable goods category last month, both cate­gories showed strong advances in April over the same month last yea!'. Estimated durable goods sales in April advanced 13% over those in April a year ago, and non­durables were 3% ahead of April 1962. Total retail sales wel'e an estimated 6% better this April than last April. Buying trends in durable goods categories exhibited their most striking departure from normal seasonal ex­pectations in the automotive stores category, in which sales declined 4% compared to a normal seasonal increase of 7%. The falling off in this category, which consists largely of motor vehicle dealers, may reflect only a tempo­rary slowdown in the new car buying rush which began with such unexpected vigor last fall and continued into the spring. Although furniture and household appliances normal­ly move in April about as they did in March, this durables category registered a 4% increase last month. Lumber building materials, and hardware, a category which in­cludes farm implements, bettered its usual 3% increase by two percentage points. Both farm implements and hardware led this category, advancing 14% and 9%, respectively, over their March sales figures. All durables were considerably ahead of their April 1962 pace, with increases over the previous year ranging; from 3% in lumber and building materials through 35% for farm implements. With the single exception of fur­niture and household appliance sales, which held their own during the first four months of the year compared to January-April 1962, all categories of durable goods advanced over their showing in the first four months of last year. Automotive sales gained 6% and lumber, build­ing materials, and hardware 1% over the first third of 1962. RETAIL SALES TRENDS BY KINDS OF BUSINESS Source: Bureau of Business Research in cooperation with the Bureau of the Census, U. S. Department of Commerce Percent change Normal seasonal* Actual Number of J an-Apr 1963 Kind of business reporting establish­ments April Apr 1963 Apr 1963 from from from March Mar 1968 Apr 1962 from J an-Apr 1962 DURABLE GOODS Automotive storest ......289 + 7 -4 + 14 + 6 Furniture & household appliance storest .175 •• + 4 + 8 •• Lumber, building material, and hardware stores .. 264 + 3 + 5 + 6 + 1 NONDURABLE GOODS Apparel stores ....294 + 4 +18 + 1 -1 Drug stores .. ........177 -6 -6 + 3 + 2 Eating and drinking places 99 -1 -2 + 3 •• Food stores .......333 -4 -6 + 1 + 2 Gasoline and service stations ...............236 -1 + 1 + 5 •• General merchandise storest .. 384 + 2 + 8 + 2 + 1 Other retail storest .. 269 + 3 -2 + 5 + 3 Average seasonal change from preceding month to current month. **Change is less than one-half of 1% . tlncludes kinds of business other than classification listed. ORDINARY LIFE JNSURANCE SALES IN TEXAS 200 150 100 50 0 The departure from normal in nondurables buying which was both most noteworthy and most significant last month came in apparel, which advanced 18% over the previous month, compared to an anticipated 4%. The men's and boys' clothing and family clothing subcategories led the apparel group last month, increasing by 35% and 22%, respectively, over their March showings. Instead of a normal seasonal improvement of 2% over March, general merchandise gained 8% in April. The 6% increase in the department stores subcategory of general merchandise more than offset a 3% decline in country general store sales. Drugs performed as expected, falling off 6% from the previous month. Food store sales, normally down 4% in April, declined by 6%, largely as a result of the per­formance of the groceries-·without-meat subcategory. Eat­ing and drinking places performed a percentage point worse than the 1% decline normally anticipated for that group of retail outlets. Gasoline and service stations, instead of their seasonal expectation of an April showing 1% worse than March, rose 1% last month. Other retail outlets, a category which includes florists, nurseries, jewelry stores, liquor stores, CREDIT RATIOS JN DEPARTMENT AND APPAREL STORES Ratio of Ratio of credit-sales collections to to net sales• outstandingst Number of reporting April April April April Classification stores 1963 1962 1963 1962 ALL STORES 47 77.0 73.6 38.2 36.7 BY CITIES Austin 6 67.6 66.9 41.9 41.5 Cleburne 3 50.3 47.0 41.0 37.1 Dallas 5 89.0 80.6 35.7 35.2 Houston 4 79.2 77.7 40.7 38.9 Waco 59.1 58.5 35.3 33.5 BY TYPE OF STORE Department stores (over $1 million) 13 81.9 76.9 38.2 36.8 Department stores (under $1 million) 10 59.5 58.6 34.1 35.4 Dry goods and apparel stores. 74.1 73.8 51.3 52.7 Women's specialty shops 11 61.9 63.6 37.1 34.3 Men's clothing stores 8 72.4 72.0 36.7 36.8 BY VOLUME OF NET SALES Sl,500,000 and over 16 78.7 75.1 38.3 36.8 3500,000 to Sl,500,000 13 64.1 63.5 37.1 37.0 $250,000 to $600,000 6 61.5 61.9 36.4 88.5 Less than $250,000 12 57.1 54.5 30.0 30.1 *Credit sales divided by net sales. tCollections during the month as a percent of accounts unpaid on the first of the month. and office, store, and school supply outlets, no1mally im­proves its March showing by about 3% in April. Last month, however, this mis.cellaneous group sold about 2% less than in the previous month. Every nondurables group imprond in April o\·er the same month a year ago, with increases ranging from the 1% recorded in apparel and food to the 5% improvement registered in gasoline and serYice station and other re­tail outlet sales. Although the apparel, eating and drinking places, and gasoline and service station categories failed to gain or declined up to 1% in the first third of the year compared to January-April 106:2, the remaining categories increased their sales from 1% to 3%. The approximately 1'k decrease in total United States retail sales, after adjustment for seasonal variations and trading clay differences, paralleled the decrease in the seasonally adjusted index of estimated total retail sales in Texas. Against the national decline of about 1% in both durable and nondurable categories, the seasonally adjusted nondurable goods buying index in Texas declined about 6% in April and the nondurables index increased slightly. On the national level, however, the only category which actually increased was automobile sales. All others either declined or maintained their approximate :\larch levels. These figures suggest, though not conclusiYelr, of course, that national retail sales performance may be depending somewhat more heavily on automobile sales than is retail trade in Texas. POSTAL RECEIPTS Percent change March 30-March 30­ April 26 April 26 1963 1963 from from March SO-March 2-March Sl- April 26, March 29 April 27 City 1963 1962 1963 Alice $17,408 + 2 + 7 Angleton Bellaire Brownfield Childress Coleman Cuero Eagle Pass ... .. ........ El Campo Electra Freeport Gainesville Galena Park Gilmer Gonzales Groves Hillsboro Huntsville Hurst .. . . Kenedy .. . . .. Kerrville .... . ........... .... .. La Grange Lake Jackson ·· ················ Marlin Navasota ... Pittsburg Port Lavaca .......... Richardson .. . . . .. . .. . . . . Taft Yoakum .. 7,839 3 -17 + 39,744 + 6 + 40 10,644 + 19 5,521 •• + 8 6,912 -10 + 40 6,966 -22 + 25 7,556 2 + 15 10,622 1 + 19 4,279 4 + 11 17,270 4 + 22 + 14,213 -26 + 29 6,022 -13 + 45 6,034 + 8 + 22 5,162 -24 -27 6,262 -3 + 25 7,814 -6 + 24 11,385 -28 + 16 8,714 •• + 41 3,878 -11 + 13 14,976 + 11 + 25 4,790 -5 + 19 5,291 -26 3 + 7,777 -1 + 14 5,601 + 21 + 8 4,406 + 10 + 15 9,975 -2 + 24 33,179 -10 + 41 2,859 + 9 + 81 16,275 + 36 + 87 • •change is less than one-half of 1%. APRIL CONSTRUCTION AUTHORIZED IN TEXAS by James J. Kelly BUILDING CO TH CTION I TEXAS /ndl'x-Ad'u•lrJ for 1pn101rnl wriatio11-1957-1959 200 200 150 150 100 50 0 AFTER MAINTAINING A RECORD PERFORMANCE IN TI-IE FIRST quarter of 1963, total building authorizations in Texas declined sharply in April. The index of total construc­tion authorized in the state dropped to 123.9% of the 1957-59 base period from the high levels of 139.5 and 137.1 it had reached in February and March of this year. Even at the level of 123.9, the index in April closely approximated the level it had averaged for the year 1962. Estimated dollar value of building permits issued in Texas declined 14% from the estimated value for the previous month. Dollar estimates are not adjusted for sea­sonal variation. The index, after seasonal factors are taken into account, showed a decline of 10% from March. The April value of authorizations was slightly above $133 million. The total dollar estimate for the first four months of l!l63 was almost $550 million, a 7% increase over the cumulative value for the first four months of 1962. The index and the dollar estimates constitute a report of the intentions of the construction industry in the state. There are intangible factors which must be considered in dealing with building permit data. A permit is not an expenditure; it is merely an authorization to build issued by a municipality. For any of a number of reasons, the construction authorized may never be started, although this usually accounts for a very small percentage of total au­thorizations. As is more likely, construction may be de­layed for any period of time because of bad weather or hecause the permit holder changes his plans. It must also he remcmhered that the dollar amount of building report­ed as authorized may vary significantly from the ultimate amount actually expended on the building. Another con­sideration is that many structures are built outside the jurisdiction of any permit-issuing governmental authority, and amounts expended for these structures are never reflected in the building permit data. For these reasons, reports of building permits issued can be considered as fairly conservative understatement of actual building dollars spent. Given these limitations, the data on building permits can be used as an indication of the trend of building construction. The current figures indicate that building in Texas in 1963 can be expected to continue at a high level. The index of residential construction authorized in Texas declined 5% in April to 116.7% of the 1957-59 base period. The average of the index for the first three months of 1963 was 116.3, which was less than the 1962 average of the index of 117.8. Permits for residential structures are being granted in Texas at a fairly high level, and this rate of permits has been maintained fairly consistently . Dollar amount of authorizations for construction of residences and apartments fell 11% in April to an esti· mated $74.3 million. In the month-to-month comparison, decreases were shown for one-family and multiple-family ESTIMATED VALUE OF BUILDING AUTHORIZED Source: Bureau of Business Research in cooperation with the Bureau of the Census, U. S. Department of Commerce Percent change April Jan-Apr 1963 1963 Apr 1963 Jan-Apr 1963 from from Classification (thousands of dollars) Mar 1963 Jan-Apr 1962 ALL PERMITS ..........$133,121 $549,651 -14 + New construction 117,983 489,224 -13 + Residential (housekeeping) 74,327 291,006 -11 + One-family dwellings . 52,885 207,344 -13 -10 Multiple-family dwellings 21,442 83,662 -8 + 60 Nonresidential buildings 43,656 198,218 -17 + 9 Nonhousckeeping buildings (residential) l,139 7,095 -4 + S4 Amusement buildings 1,221 22,096 -94 +641 Churches 2,695 9,781 + 15 -21 Industrial buildings. 2,255 16,928 -55 + 34 Garages (commercial and private) 561 2,515 -1 + 6 Service stations 966 4,116 -32 -12 Hospitals and institutions 5,553 13,332 +327 -20 Office-bank buildings. 8,104 37,177 +167 -16 Works and utilities. 3,789 8,137 +1,134 -25 Educational buildings 10,555 45,616 + 29 + 44 Stores and mercantile buildings 5,877 24,962 -11 -15 Other buildings and structures 941 6,463 -63 -21 Additions, alterations, and repairs 15,138 60,427 -22 + 30 METROPOLITAN vs. NONMETROPOLITANt Total metropolitan ..... 112,164 480,814 -18 + 11 Central cities . . . 89,040 385,120 -22 + 10 Outside central cities 23,124 95,194 + 2 + 16 Total nonmetropolitan 20,957 69,337 + 12 -13 10,000 to 50,000 population 12,984 39,491 + 34 -20 Less than 10,000 population .......... 7,973 29,846 -12 -8 tAs defined in 1960 Census_.----------------' dwellings of 11 % and 8%, respectively. Permits to build apartment buildings declined 3% in April from March. Permits authorized for residential construction in the first four months of 1963 showed a 2 % increase over what they had been in the first four months of 1962. The cumulative dollar estimates for the four-month period showed increases in multiple-family dwellings (+60%) and apartment building (+58%), but permits to build one-family houses are showing a 10% decline thus far this year when compared with the first four months of 1962. The index of nonresidential building authorized in Texas dropped 13% in April to 132.1 % of the 1957-59 base period, and at this level it was 32% above what it had been in April 1962. Permits to build nonresidential structures in the state reached an extremely high level in February and remained high in March. The volume of permits issued in the first quarter of 1963 pushed the three-month average of the index to 155.4. This was a much higher level than the 1962 average of the index which was 135.7. In comparison with previous months, the April index indicates a continued high level of nonresi­dential construction. The dollar value of nonresidential building permits was estimated at $43.7 million in Texas in April. This was a 17% decline from ·the March estimate. Increases in April were recorded in the estimated dollar value of per­mits authorized for the construction of churches, schools, hospitals, office-bank buildings, garages, and works and utilities structures. Declines were recorded in the month of April for those categories including amusement build­ings, service stations, and stores and mercantile buildings. The largest portion of the residential construction in­dustry consists in home building. The construction of one­family homes entailed an estimated $207.3 million in building permits for the first third of 1963. Permits were issued for the construction of apartment bui1dings valued at $75.5 million. The balance of the permits issued in the residential category was for two-family and three­family or four-family dwellings which together totaled $8.1 million. The construction of educational buildings in the first four months of 1963 required the issuance of $45.6 mil­lion of permits. This was 23% of the total value of non­residential permits issued in that period. The next largest portion of nonresidential permits was for office-bank buildings which was estimated at $37.2 million, or 18.8%. Permits were issued for stores and mercantile buildings in the amount of $25.0 million and for amusement buildings of $22.1 million, representing shares of 12.6% and 11.2%, respectively, for these two types of structures. Of the total nonresidential permits, 8.5%, or $16.9 million, was issued for the construction of industrial buildings. The construction of hospitals drew $13.3 mil­lion in permits or 6.7% of the total nonresidential. Churches were issued $9.8 million in permits or 4.9% of the total. Permits amounting to $28.3 million covered all other types of nonresidential authorizations issued, and this miscellaneous category, including hotels, motels, garages, service stations, and utilities made up 14.3% of the total. ONE-FAMILY, TWO-FAMILY, AND APARTMENT BUILDING DWELLINGS UNITS IN METROPOLITAN AREAS, APRIL, 1963 (Value in thousands of dollars) One-family dwellings Two-family dwellings Apartment buildings Percent change Percent change Percent change Jan-Apr 1963 Jan-Apr 1963 Jan-Apr 1963 Jan-April from Jan-April from Jan-April from April 1963 1963 Jan-Apr 1962 April 1963 1963 Jan-Apr 1962 April 1963 1963 Jan-Apr 1962 No.of No.of No.of No.of No. of No.of No. of No. of No. of Metropolitan area Value units Value units Value units Value units Value units Value units Value units Value units Value units Abilene 925 52 3,673 213 - 13 -31 0 0 65 8 - 6 + 33 865 85 975 99 +132 + 106 Amarillo 2,094 144 7,381 501 - 21 -23 68 8 439 48 +470 +300 350 40 2,228 186 +402 +zoo Austin ....... . . 2,671 142 9,639 532 + 7 - 5 542 48 1,354 120 + 97 + 88 963 148 7,147 816 + 88 + 55 Beaumont- Port Arthur. .. 1,130 101 3,781 355 - 13 -21 0 0 10 2 -50 -50 89 16 89 16 -49 -20 Brownsville- Harlingen- San Benito 153 27 698 98 + 8 -U 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Corpus Christi. .. 766 71 3,181 299 + 6 + 8 0 0 6 2 -99 -97 363 54 1,280 140 +117 + 46 Dallas .....12,627 913 46,221 3,435 -17 -21 97 12 788 90 + 98 +137 6,315 1,349 25,760 4,773 +112 + 79 El Paso Fort Worth 1,107 ... 4,459 68 5,021 364 17,116 823 1,303 - 87 9 -46 -21 14 118 2 14 50 203 8 30 -67 + 25 -56 •• 0 366 0 78 570 1,855 96 450 -5 +229 -7 +278 Galveston 575 47 2,006 157 + 4 8 0 0 0 0 115 26 350 69 Houston 8,597 610 41,094 2,973 - 4 + 2 316 64 1,095 254 +153 +243 9,463 1,135 27,905 4,461 + 29 + 13 Laredo 48 15 230 44 + 29 - 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Lubbock Midland ...... . . ..... 1,994 554 125 6,964 28 2,880 451 142 -+ 17 5 -22 + 1 0 0 0 0 236 0 86 0 +490 +800 360 0 86 0 383 250 95 40 -66•• -81•• Odessa 248 14 1,035 53 -47 -56 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 San Angelo ... 305 29 1,270 110 + 18 + 6 0 0 12 4 0 0 0 0 San Antonio .... 2,420 262 9,155 992 - 13 -14 83 12 188 so +135 +114 0 0 2,429 468 + 24 + 11 Texarkana 193 20 600 69 + 21 + 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 75 24 Tyler ... .. 461 29 2,370 125 - 32 -36 4 2 4 2 250 40 1,430 275 Waco .. . .. 819 64 2,624 205 +so + 27 0 0 6 2 -83 -75 68 18 1,737 263 +297 +209 Wichita Falls.... 614 42 2,661 199 - 1 -16 0 0 0 0 0 0 945 152 UChange ia less than one-half of 1%. LOCAL BUSINESS CONDITIONS As a reader's guide to better utility of retail sales data, the previous year. Annual postal data are for 13 four-week an average percent change from the preceding month has periods falling closest within 1961 and 1962 calendar years. been computed for each month of the year. This percent Changes less than one-half of 1 percent are marked with change is marked with a dagger (t) following that figure. a double asterisk (**). Waco retail sales information is The next percent change represents the actual change from reported in cooperation with the Baylor Bureau of Businessthe preceding month. A large variation in the normal sea­Research. End-of-month deposits as reported representsonal from the actual figure represents an abnormal money on deposit in individual demand deposit accounts month. The third percent change shows the change from on the last day of the month and are indicated by the the identical period the preceding year. Postal receipt in­symbol (t). All population figures are final 1960 census formation which is marked by an asterisk (•) indicates cash receipts received during the four-week postal account­data, with the exceptions of those marked (r) which are ing period ended April 26, 1963, and the percent changes official revisions. Figures under Texarkana with the fol· from the preceding period and the comparable period in lowing symbol (§) are for Texarkana, Texas, only. Percent change Percent change Apr 1963 Apr 1963 Apr 1963 Apr 1963 Apr from from Apr from from City and item 1963 Mar 1963 Apr 1962 City and item 1963 Mar 1963 Apr 1962 ABILENE (pop. 90,368) ARANSAS PASS (pop. 6,956) Retail sales 2t + 2 -3 Postal receipts• . . . ...............$ 6,084 + 2 + 25 Apparel stores + 4t + 4 -23 Building permits, less federal contracts $ 42,800 +171 +us Automotive stores .... . ... ... .... . . + 7t 2 •• Bank debits (thousands) . . . $ 4,480 + 2 + 4 Drug stores ........ ............. . . 6t 9 2 End-of-month deposits (thousands)t.. $ 6,096 2 + 21 General merchandise stores .. . + 2t + 8 -6 Annual rate of deposit turnover.. .... 8.7 + -15 Lumber, building material, and hardware stores. + St + 51 + 16 ARLINGTON (pop. 44,775) Postal receipts• .....................$ 124,911 + 2 + 23 Retail sales 2t -7 -8 Building permits, less federal contracts $ 1,992,497 + 19 + 34 Apparel store• .. . ................ . + 4t + 16 + 10 Bnnk debits (thousands) . . . $ 110,277 + 10 + Lumber, building material, End-of-month deposits (thousands) t .. $ 73,744 + 2 + and hardware stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . + St -1 + 9 Annual rate of deposit turnover. 18.1 + 8 + Postal receipts• ....... .... ... $ 59,451 -11 + 44 Employment (area) . . . 36, 750 •• 1 Building permits, less federal contracts $ 1,128,604 -12 + 21 Manufacturing employment (area) . 4,330 2 -11 Bank debits (thousands) . .$ 40,349 + 3 + 22 Percent unemployed (area). 6.5 -2 + 30 End-of-month deposits (thousands)t.. $ 27,648 2 + 19 Annual rate of deposit turnover. 17.3 + 4 + 1 ALPINE (pop. 4,740) Employment (area) . . . . . . . . . . 222,200 + 1 + 2 Postal receipts .......$ 5,329 -2 + 17 Manufacturing employment (area) . 52,875 + 2 + 6 Building permits, less federal contracts $ 22,500 -79 Percent unemployed (area) . 4.0 -13 -18 Bank debits (thousands) . . . $ 2,825 3 + 4 End-of-month deposits (thousands) t .. $ 3,744 3 4 Annual rate of deposit turnover ..... . ATHENS (pop. 7,086) 8.9 1 + 3 Postal receipts• . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 9,078 -6 + 12 Building permits, less federal contracts $ 106,650 +139 AMARILLO (pop. 137,969) Bank debits (thousands) . . ...$ 9,215 + 19 Retail sales . .. ....... . ............. . 2t + 10 + 6 Apparel stores ..... .............. . End-of-month deposits (thousands) t .. $ 9,671 + 16 + 4t + 5 -9 Automotive stores . . . .... . ....... . . + 7t + 33 + 30 Eating and drinking places... .... . 1t 7 1 AUSTIN {pop. 186,545) - Furniture and household Retail sales .......... .............. . 2t + 4 + 12 appliance stores .... . ... . . . ..•... Apparel stores + 4t + 12 + 3 + 3 + 17 General merchandise stores. Automotive stores + 7t 9 + 12 + 9 -3 Lumber, building material, Drug stores 6t 8 + 1 and hardware stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . + St Eating and drinking places...... . . lt 9 •• + 23 + 20 Postal receipts• . . . . ............... $ 242,408 Food stores ...................... . 4f + 4 + 1 + 8 + 17 Building permits, less federal contracts $ 3,879,250 Furniture and household -15 + 15 Bank debits (thousands) ............ .$ 255,104 appliance stores ..t + + 18 + 12 + 6 End-of-month deposits (thousands) t .. $ 120,242 -1 + Gasoline and service stations. lf + 10 + 18 Annual rate of deposit turnover...... 25.3 General merchandise stores.... .... . + 2t + 20 + 21 + 13 + 5 Employment (area) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53,900 Lumber, building material, + + 8 Manufacturing employment (area) . 6,020 and hardware stores . . . . . . . . . . . . + st + 8 + 10 •• + 9 Percent unemployed (area). . . . . . . . . . 3.4 Postal receipts• .$ 473,077 -1 + 16 + 8 13 Building permits, less federal contracts $ 5,804,386 -14 + 26 ANDREWS {pop. 11,135) Bank debits (thousands) . . ...$ 277,046 + 3 + 10 Postal receipts• . ....................$ 9,350 + 21 + 85 End-of-month deposits (thousandsJi ..$ 175, 728 + 7 + 22Building permits, less federal contracts $ 50,650 -39 -56 Annual rate of deposit turnover. 19.6 + 2 1 Bank debits (thousands) .............$ 6,510 + 16 + 13 Employment (area) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86,600 •• + End-of-month deposits (thousands) i .. S 7,064 -3 -12 Manufacturin~ employment (area) . 5,900 + 1 + Annual rate of deposit turnover. . . .. . 10.9 + 20 + 30 Percent unemployed (area) . 2.9 -12 + 16 138 Local Business Conditions City and item Apr 1963 Percent change Apr 1963 Apr 1963 from from Mar 1963 Apr 1962 Local Business Conditions City and item Apr 1963 Percent change Apr 1963 Apr 1963 from from Mar 1963 Apr 1962 BAY CITY (pop. 11,656) BONHAM (pop. 7,357) Postal receipts• .................... .$ Bank debits (thousands) . . ...$ End-of-month deposits (thousands) t .. $ Annual rate of deposit turnover . Nonagricultural placements 10,938 15,074 22,127 8.2 96 -23 + •• + 6 + 23 -17 + 12 •• + 14 •• Building permits, less federal contracts $ Bank debits (thousands) . . . . $ End-of-month deposits (thousands) t $ Annual rate of deposit turnover .. . .. . 36,800 8,711 7,506 14.0 -65 + 4 + 2 + + 30 + 2 + 21 BAYTOWN (pop. 28,159) BORGER (pop. 20,911) Retail sales Postal receipts• . . . . . $ 20,140 + 2 + 10 Food stores ... - 4t 2 - 1 Building permits, less federal contracts $ 87,570 -55 -46 Postal receipts• $ 31,005 5 + 23 Nonagricultural placements ....... . 125 + J.9 -48 Building permits, less federal contracts $ 455,803 + 2 -67 Bank debits (thousands) . . . $ 29,578 + 16 + 15 End-of-month deposits (thousands) t Annual rate of deposit turnover. $ 26,612 13.1 -3 + 17 + 5 + 9 BRADY (pop. 5,338) Employment (area) 552,000 + + 7 Postal receipts• . . . $ 4,843 - 7 + 25 Manufacturing employment (area) . 92,100 + 1 3 Building permits, less federal contracts $ 78,150 +1854 + 63 Percent unemployed (area). 3.8 - 16 + 6 Bank debits (thousands).. S 6,115 + 9 + 4 End-of-month deposits (thousands) t $ 7,302 + 2 + 6 BEAUMONT (pop. 119,175) Annual rate of deposit turnover ..... 10.1 + 7 + 2 Retail salea ........................• Apparel stores ................... . 2t + 4t -5 + 22 5 3 BRENHAM (pop. 7,740) Automotive stores .............. .•. Eating and drinking places Furniture and household appliance stores ................ . Gasoline and service stations . General merchandise stores . Lumber, building material, + 7t lt ••t lt + 2t -14 + 10 -10 + 19 + 8 8 2 7 -13 Postal receipts• .$ Building permits, less federal contracts $ Bank debits (thousands) .............$ End-of-month deposits (thousands) t . $ Annual rate of deposit turnover . Nonagricultural placements . 9,694 69,487 11,967 13,786 10.6 68 -1 -12 + 14 + 4 + 12 -13 + 33 -74 + 16 + 11 + 6 + 21 and hardware stores..... + St + 11 2 Postal receipts• . . . . . . . . . . .$ 144,690 + 2 + 17 Building permits, less federal contracts $ 1,908,537 Bank debits (thousands) . . . $ 190,591 End-of-month deposits (thousands) t $ 106,859 Annual rate of deposit turnover..... . Employment (area) ......... . .. .. .. . Manufacturing employment (area) . Percent unemployed (area) .... .... . . 21.4 106,800 34,850 7.5 + 58 + + •• •••• -1 + 48 + 9 + 2 + 7•• + 2 + 15 BROWNSVILLE (pop. 48,040) Retail sales Lumber, building material, and hardware stores . Postal receipts• $ Building permits, less federal contracts $ 2t + st 30,521 291,795 + 2 8 -20 -11 + 19 + 8 + 12 + 84 BEEVILLE (pop. 13,811) Bank debits (thousands) . $ End-of-month deposits (thousands) t $ Annual rate of deposit turnover .... 33,484 21,031 19.0 6 1 2 + 17 •• + 17 Postal receipts• . . . . . . . . . . . .$ 13,154 - 5 + 19 Nonagricultural placements . . . . . . . . . 241 2 -41 Building permits, less federal contracts $ Bank debits (thousands) ......... . . . . $ 84,585 10,739 + 53 •• -12 + 13 End-of-month deposits (thousands) t .. $ Annual rate of deposit turnover.. Nonagricultural placements ........ . 15,046 8.8 124 + 5 -1 + 32 + 11 + -18 BROWNWOOD (pop. 16,974) Retail sales . .. . . . ................ .. . Apparel stores .... . ....... .. ..... . 2t + 4t -10 + 18 + 3 Automotive stores ... ....... . . + 7t -20 + 7 BIG SPRING (pop. 31,230) Postal receipts• $ 32,915 + 12 + 36 Retail sales ........................ . Automotive stores Drug stores Lumber, building material, and hardware stores..... . 2t + 7t Gt + St -2 -6 -12 + 3 -15 -18 -17 -12 Building permits, less federal contracts S Bank debits (thousands) .. $ End-of-month deposits (thousands) t $ Annual rate of deposit turnover . Nonagricultural placements .. 27,640 16,299 12,848 15.l 111 -36 -1 -1 •• + 61 -74 + 2 + 3 + 1 -38 Postal receipts• . ................ ... .$ 30,022 -19 + 13 Building permits, less federal contracts $ Bank debits (thousands) . . . . . . . .$ 697,122 43,219 + 36 + 15 + 27 + 6 BRYAN (pop. 27,542) End-of-month deposits (thousands) t .. $ Annual rate of deposit turnover. .... . Nonagricultural placements 26,724 19.1 188 -3 + 17 + 27 -10 + 18 -25 Retail sales ...... . ................. . Appa rel stores ...... ....• Automotive stores ........ . 2t + 4t + 7t -7 + 24 + 11 -11 + 12 Lumber, building material, BISHOP (pop. 3,722) and hardware stores. . .... . ..... . Postal receipts• . . . $ + 3t 25,870 + 8 + 4 + 2 Postal receipts• . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 2,799 -27 3 Bank debits (thousands) . $ 26,224 1 + 14 Bank debits (thousands) . . . . . . $ 1,920 5 End-of-month deposits (thousands) t $ 18,695 + 2 + 10 End-of-month deposits (thousands) t .. S 2,370 6 3 Annual rate of deposit turnover. 17.0 2 + 7 Annual rate of deposit turnover... 9.4 + 2 Nonagricultural placements ..... . .. . 271 - 11 13 JUNE 1963 139 Local Business Conditions City and item Apr 1968 Percent change Apr 1963 Apr 1963 from from Mar 1968 Apr 1962 Local Business Conditions City and item -----­ Apr 1968 Percent change Apr 1968 Apr 1963 from from Mar 1968 Apr 1962 CALDWELL (pop. 2,204) Building permits, less federal contracts $ Bank debits (thousands). . . . . . .. $ End-of-month deposits (thousands) i .. $ Annual rate of deposit turnover..... . 2,777 2,567 3,790 7.9 -2 + 15 -6 + 20 + 28 + 11 + 1 + 8 COLORADO CITY (pop. 6,457) Postal receipts• ........ . .... ..... ...$ Bank debits (thousands) .............$ End-of-month deposits (thousands)t .. $ Annual rate of deposit turnover ..... . 5,528 4,181 6,206 8.8 •• 6 + 2 + 7 -8 -10 -1 CAMERON (pop. 5,640) Postal receipts• ........ ... . . ...$ Building permits, less federal contracts $ Bank debits (thousands) . . ...$ End-of-month deposits (thousands) i ..$ Annual rate of deposit turnover . .. 8,044 10,085 4,691 4,813 11.7 + 8 -36 + 9•• + lS + 15 + 36 + 11 + 8 + 9 COPPERAS COVE (pop. 4,567) Postal receipts• ............ ..... ....$ Building permits, less federal contracts $ Bank debits (thousands) . .. ..........$ End-of-month deposits (thousands) i . .$ Annual rate of deposit turnover.... . . 4,567 280,660 1,487 1,546 18.2 + 35 -9 + 10 + 34 -7 + 91 -81 + 2 + 68 -24 CANYON (pop. 5,864) Building permits, less federal contracts $ Bank debits (thousands) ....... .$ End-of-month deposits (thousands) i ..$ Annual rate of deposit turnover..... . 156,885 7,708 6,872 18.0 CARROLLTON (pop. 4,242) Postal receipts• . . . .$ Building permits, less federal contracts $ Bank debits (thousands) ..... . ... . ...$ End-of-month deposits (thousands) i ..$ Annual rate of deposit turnover. 6,628 824,400 6,649 8,978 18.1 +1501 + 1 7 + 2 + 18 + S3 •• + 17 -9 + 92 + 12 + + 10 + 86 -76 + 6 + 89 -22 CORPUS CHRISTI (pop. 184,163r) Retail sales .......... ... .... .. ... .. . Apparel stores ..... . ........... .. . Automotive stores ..............• .. General merchandise stores . . ....•.. Lumber, building material. 2t + 4t + 7t + 2t and hardware stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . + St Postal receipts• ... .. . ... ............S 199,258 Building permits, less federal contracts $ 2,168,068 Bank debits (thousands) . ............$ 207,208 End-of-month deposits (thousands) i . .$ 118,871 Annual rate of deposit turnover. . . . . . 21.4 Employment (area) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68,800 Manufacturing employment (area). 8,780 Percent unemployed (area) . . . . . . . . . . 4.9 CORSICANA (pop. 20,344) •• + 8•• + 10 -1 + 5 -22 + 8 + 8 + 2•• 1 -8 + 8 + 8 + 12 + + 2 + 18 +174 + 10 •• + 8 + 7 + 2 -11 CISCO (pop. 4,499) Postal receipts• . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ Dank debits (thousands) . . .. ... .... . . $ End-of-month deposits (thousands) i . .$ Annual rate of deposit turnover. .. .. . 4,694 8,576 8,848 11.4 7 + 4 + + 6 8 + 2 + + 6 Postal receipts• .... . . . .. .... . .......$ Building permits, less federal contracts $ Bank debits (thousands) ......... ....$ End-of-month deposits (tbousands)t.. $ Annual rate of deposit turnover... . . . Nonagricultural placements ........ . 19,488 175,110 17,542 20,367 10.4 191 -28 + 85•• + 1 + 2 + 14 + 24 +166 + 9 + + CLEBURNE (pop. 15,381) Retail sale• General merchandise stores. Postal receipts .$ Building permits, less federal contracts $ Bank debits (thousands) ...... . .. . ...$ End-of-month deposits (thousands) i ..$ Annual rate of deposit turnover..... . Employment (area) ... . ............ . Manufacturing employment (area) . Percent unemployed (area) . ...... .. . CLUTE (pop. 4,501) + 2t 17,107 262,090 11,472 12,104 11.4 222,200 62,875 4.0 + 2 + 6 +186 2 + 8 + 1 + 2 -13 + 8 + 8S +636 + 6 + 6 + 1 + 2 + 6 -18 CRYSTAL CITY (pop. 9,101) Postal receipts• ..... .... ............$ Building permits, less federal contracts $ Bank debits (thousands) ...... ..... .. $ End-of-month deposits (thousands)t.. $ Annual rate of deposit turnover..... . DALLAS (pop. 679,684) Retail sales ..... ...............••••. Apparel stores ...... . ............ . Automotive stores . . . .. ....... . ... . Eating and drinking places... .. ..• Florists ........................ . . . Food stores . . .................... . Furniture and household 8,496 16,000 2,948 2,889 12.0 2t + 6t 9t + 2t + lOt st + 1 -72 + 8 8 + 6 -2 + 22 1 + 3 + 9 -11 + 23 + 33 + 13 + 8 + 7 + 4 + 8 + 14 + 12 + 8 Postal receipts• ........ . ....... . .. . . $ Building r>ermits, less federal contracts $ Bank debits (thousands) . . ... .. ......$ End-of-month deposits (thousands) i ..$ Annual rate of deposit turnover. .. . . . 2,104 10,660 1,806 1,898 16.8 COLLEGE STATION (pop. 11,396) Postal receipts• . . . . . . . $ Building permits, less fed~~~j ~~~·t~~~~ $ Bank debits (thousands) ..... ....... $ End-of-month deposits (thousandsH .. $ Annual rate of deposit turnover..... 18,860 lSl,620 8,828 8,088 14.9 + 42 -84 -2 -2•• -27 +s12 •• 8 + 1 + 7 -66 -8 -20 + 18 -1 +4782 + 8 + 12 -6 appliance stores ... . .. . ..... . Gasoline and service stations.. . General merchandise stores..... . Lumber, building material, and hardware stores..... ... .. . . . Office, store, and school + 4t st + Gt lt supply dealers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -12t Postal receipts• .. . .. .. .... ........ .. $ 2, 789,268 Building permits, lees federal contracts $20,690,S68 Bank debits (thousands) . .. ..........$ 8,613,646 End-of-month deposits (thousandsJi.. $ 1,297,669 Annual rate of deposit turnover. . . . . . 83.6 Employment (area) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 484,600 Manufacturing employment (area). 106,126 Percent unemployed (area) .... 8.8 + 6 1 4 9 -26 -1 + 66 + 17 + + 16 + + 1 -10 + + + 8 -28 + 16 + 20 + 6 + + + + •• 140 Local Business Conditions City and Item Apr 19G8 Percent change Apr 19G3 Apr 19G3 from from Mar 19G3 Apr 19G2 Local Business Conditions City and item Apr 19G3 Percent change Apr 19G3 Apr 1963 from from Mar 1968 Apr 19G2 DEER PARK (pop. 4,865) EL PASO (pop. 276,687) Postal receipts• .. . ... .. .. . ..........$ Building permits, less federal contracts $ Bank debits (thousands) ............ .$ End-of-month deposits (thousands) i . .$ Annual rate of deposit turnover..... . 5,S8S 195,150 3,777 2,31G 20.5 + 3 + 74 + 25 + 10 + 23 + 31 + S3 + 13 + 9 + 22 Retail sales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Apparel stores . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Automotive stores . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Genera.I merchandise stores.. . . . . . . . Postal receipts• .$ 2t + 4t + 7t + 2t 313,740 + 12 + 50 + 20 + 24 s + 4 -5 + lS + 13 + 11 DEL RIO (pop. 18,612) Retail sales Automotive stores ................• Lumber, building material, and hardware stores..... ... .. .. . Postal receipts• .. ... ... . ............$ + 7t + st 13,930 -31 + 7 -14 + lS + 30 + 14 Building permits, less federal contracts $ 3,978, 740 Bank debits (thousands) ... .. . . $ 3GG,7G2 End-of-month deposits (thousands);.. $ 192,540 Annual rate of deposit turnover. . . . . . 22.8 Employment (area) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92,500 Manufacturing employment (area) . 15,200 Percent unemployed (area) .. . 5.3 + 2 -4 •••• + + 2 -13 -l + 5•• + 2 -1 + 3 + 13 Building permits, less federal contracts $ Bank debits (thousands) ........ . ....$ End-of-month deposits (thousands) i .. $ Annual rate of deposit turnover.. . .. . DENISON (pop. 22,748) 2GS,25G 12,28S l4,7G2 9.9 + 15 + 2 + s -11 + 2 + 9 FLOUR BLUFF (pop. 9,332) Bank debits (thousands) . . . $ 2,921 End-of-month deposits (thousands);.. $ l,909 Annual rate of deposit turnover. . . . . . 19.4 + 11 + 22 •• Retail sales Automotive stores . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • + 7t Postal receipts• ......... . . . .........$ 25,520 Building permits, less federal contracts $ l,96S,39S Bank debits (thousands) ......... ... .$ 17,350 End-of-month deposits (thousands) i .. $ 14,971 -7 -5 +564 + s + 3 + 37 + 11 +sos + 14 + 4 FORT STOCKTON (pop. 6,373) Building permits, less federal contracts $ Bank debits (thousands) . . ..... . .. . .. $ End-of-month deposits (thousands);.. $ Annual rate of deposit turnover.. .. . . G2,750 5,G20 5,170 13.1 + 2G -l + l•• + 2 + 5 Annual rate of deposit turnover...... 14.1 + 7 + 11 Nonagricultural placements . . . . . . . . . 159 + 14 - 3 FORT WORTH (pop. 356,268) DENTON (pop. 26,844) Retail sales Retail sales .. .. . . .................. . Apparel stores . . ................. . Automotive stores .. . ... ..... . .... . + lt + 12t -13t •• + 10 •• + 13 -7 + 27 Drug stores . . ........ . ........... . Postal receipts• . . . . . . . . . ......$ Building permits, less federal contracts $ Dank debits (thousands) .. ...........$ End-of-month deposits (thousands) i . .$ Annual rate of deposit turnover.. . .. . Nonagricultural placements ........ . -Gt 3S,277 572,045 23,G64 26,225 11.0 173 -9 -2 -75 -13 + 3 -14 + 10 + 9 + 9 + 47 + 13 + 19 -5 + 12 Drug stores ................ . Eating and drinking places. Furniture and household appliance stores . Gasoline and service stations . General merchandise stores.. ... . Lumber, building material, and hardware stores. . . . . . . . . 7t + 2t Gt ••t + 2t + 4t 7 + G + 7 + 3 + 15 + + 29 + 2 + + 8 DONNA (pop. 7,522) Postal receipts• .....................$ 3,575 -17 + 12 Postal receipts• .....................S 93G,7GO Building permits, less federal contracts $ 4,869,42G Bank debits (thousands) .. . ..... ... ..$ S31,414 + G + 47 + 6 + 20 -43 •• Building permits, less federal contracts $ Bank debits (thousands) . . . . . . . . . . .$ 18,650 3,407 -52 + 24 -40 + 19 End-of-month deposits (thousands)t.. $ Annual rate of deposit turnover. . . . . 414,354 24.5 + 3 + 3 + 4 End-of-month deposits (thousands) i . .$ 3,745 + 2 + 87 Employment (area) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222,200 + l + 2 Annual rate of deposit turnover ..... . 11.0 + 24 - 9 Manufacturing employment (area) . 52,S75 + 2 + 5 Percent unemployed (area).......... 4.0 - 13 -18 EDINBURG (pop. 18,706) Postal receipts• .. . ....... . .... . .....$ 10,915 - 9 + 2 FREDERICKSBURG (pop. 4,629) Building permits, less federal contracts $ 50,SOO -18 -40 Retail sales ... .. .... ... .... . ....... . 2t 8 + 2S Nonagricultural placements 204 + G7 - 7 Drug stores ... . .... . ..... . . ...... . - Gt 5 + 7 General merchandise stores.. . + 2t + 2 + 7 EDNA (pop. 5,038) Postal receipts• .. ......... .. ........$ Building permits, less federal contracts $ 5,537 73,000 + s -32 + 9 -21 Postal receipts• ................. ....$ 4,668 -22 + 4 Bank debits (thousands) .$ 7,340 s + 11 Building permits, less federal contracts $ 5G,GOO +199 +G14 End-of-month deposits (thousands);.. $ S,393 + 2 + 15 Bank debits (thousands) .......... ...$ 11,877 + lS Annual rate of deposit turnover..... . 10.G 8 - 1 End-of-month deposits (thousandsH . . $ G,105 - 3 Annual rate of deposit turnover..... . 23.0 + 24 GALVESTON (pop. 67,175) ENNIS (pop. 9,34 7) Retail sales . . . ... .................. . Apparel stores ............•....... 2t + 4t + G + 19 6 5 Building permits, less federal contracts $ 139,057 + 5G + 79 Food stores .................. .. ..• 4t 3 2 Bank debits (thousands) .............$ End-of-month deposits (thousands)t.. $ Annual rate of deposit turnover. 7,339 G,S9G 12.G + lS -3 + 21 + 8 -1 + 11 Furniture and household appliance stores . . Postal receipts• . . . . .. . ....$ Building permits, less federal contracts $ ••t 101,499 522,54S + 8 + 15 1 + 15 + 2S EULESS (pop. 2,062) Bank debits (thousands) . .... ........$ End-of-month deposits (thousands); $ 98,442 62,300 + 8•• 5 8 Building permits, less federal contracts $ S54,784 + 39 + 90 Annual rate of deposit turnover..... . 19.0 + 7 + Bank debits (thousands) .$ 2,5SO +159 Employment (area) ... . ...... ... ... . 53,500 + + End-of-month deposits (thousands); . $ 1,034 + 22 Manufacturing employment (area) . 10,510 + 1 5 Annual rate of deposit turnover.. ... 32.9 +137 Percent unemployed (area) ... G.4 9 -11 Local Business Conditions City and item Apr 1063 Percent change Apr 1963 Apr 1963 from from Mar 1963 Apr 1962 Local Business Conditions City and item Apr 1968 Percent change Apr 1963 Apr 1968 from from Mar 1968 Apr 1962 GARLAND (pop. 38,501) Retail sales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2t Automotive stores . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + 7t Genera! merchandise stores. . . . . + 2t Postal receipts• ...$ 37, 132 Building permits, Jess federal contracts $ 2,099,461 Bank debits (thousands) . . ...$ 32,692 End-of-month deposits (thousands) t .. $ 15,770 Annual rate of deposit turnover. 25.1 Employment (area) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 484,500 Manufacturing employment (area) . 106,125 Percent unemployed (area) ... . . . . . . . 3.6 + 7 + 9 + 13 -12 + 17 + 10 + 2 + + + -10 + 34 + 40 + 15 + 11 + 83 + 14 + 4 + 18 + 7 + 3 + 9 GREENVILLE (pop. 19,087) Retail sales .... . ................... . Automotive stores ................ . Drug stores ...................... . Lumber, building material, and hardware stores.. . ..... . Postal receipts• .. . . .... ......... ....$ Building permits, Jess federal contracts $ Bank debits (thousands) .$ End-of-month deposits (thousands) t .. $ Annual rate of deposit turnover .... . Nonagricultural placements ........ . 2t + 7t Gt + St 24,436 246,085 15,444 13,639 13.5 119 -10 9 -6 -18 -6 +102 + 5 -1 + 7 +116 + 21 + 88 -5 + 28 + I +286 + 22 -8 + 84 + 82 GATESVILLE (pop. 4,626) Postal receipts• .....................$ Bank debits (thousands) . . . . . . . $ End-of-month deposits (thousands) t .. $ Annual rate of deposit turnover ..... 4,319 5,762 6,019 11.5 -36 + 14 + 1 + 12 + 7 + 15 + 9 + 6 HALE CENTER (pop. 2,196) Postal receipts• ........... . ....... .. $ Building permits, less federal contracts $ Bank debits (thousands) . . ...$ End-of-month deposits (thousands) t .. $ Annual rate of deposit turnover. 1,386 31,250 2,773 4,492 6.9 -40 +468 -9 -13 + 3 -8 + 87 + 8 -7 -10 GIDDINGS (pop. 2,821) Postal receipts• ....... . . . ...........$ Building permits, iess federal contracts $ Bank debits (thousands) . .$ End-of-month deposits (thousands) t .. $ Annual rate of deposit turnover . ... . . 3,772 16,600 2,977 4,145 8.5 + 14 2 -9 -2 -10 + 36 -54 + 7 + 10 -3 HARLINGEN (pop. 41,207) Retail sales ........................ . Automotive stores ................ . Food stores Gasoline and service stations. Postal receipts• . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$ Building permits, less federal contracts $ 2t + 7t 4t it 35,078 133,350 + l 7 + -44 + 10 + 19 -6 -5 + 25 -16 GLADEWATER (pop. 5,742) Postal receipts• .....................$ 7,332 + 18 + 17 Bank debits (thousands) . . ....$ End-of-month deposits (thousands) t. $ Annual rate of deposit turnover .... . . 34,427 19,566 21.4 + 2 + 2 + 3 + 6 -24 + 48 Bank debits (thousands) ........... . . $ 3,132 4 -27 Nonagriculturai placements 894 + 12 -84 End-of-month deposits (thousands) t .. $ 5,333 - 4 - 2 Annual rate of deposit turnover ... . Employment (area) ......... . Manufacturing employment (area) . Percent unemployed (area). 6.9 28,550 5,580 4.9 -- 1•• 1 2 -26 -1 -3 + 48 HEMPSTEAD (pop. 1,505) Postal receipts• ............... . .....$ Bank debits (thousands) . . .....$ End-of-month deposits (thousands) t ..$ 6,078 l,738 2,159 + 3 + 19 + 2 + 41 + 89 + 8 GOLDmWAITE (pop. 1,383) Postal receipts• . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...$ Bank debits (thousands). . .......$ 1,632 3,664 -21 -25 -10 •• Annual rate of deposit turnover..... . HENDERSON (pop. 9,666) Retail sales ........................ . 9.7 2t + 24 -12 + 88 + 7 End-of-month deposits (thousands)t .. $ 4,572 - 4 + 9 Apparel stores + 4t + 27 + 11 Annw\l rate of deposit turnover . .. . 9.4 - 27 -21 Automotive stores ...... .......... . + 7t -22 - 6 GRAHAM (pop. 8,505) Postal receipts• .$ Building permits, less federal contracts $ ll,853 86,265 -17 -16 + 9 + 60 Postal receipts• . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ Building permits, iess federal contracts $ Bank debits (thousands) ........$ End-of-month deposits (thousands) t .. $ Annual rate of deposit turnover..... . 8,200 20,151 9,033 10,328 10.4 -3 -47 + 3 + 7 + •• + 3 Bank debits (thousands) . . . $ End-of-month deposits (thousands) t .. $ Annual rate of deposit turnover. HEREFORD (pop. 7,652) Postal receipts• .....................$ 7,973 16,547 5.7 10,964 3 2 + 10 -5 + 1 -10 + 66 GRANBURY (pop. 2,227) Postal receipts• ... ..................$ Bank debits (thousands) .............$ End-of-month deposits (thousands)t..$ 8,628 1,601 2,234 -16 4 + 4 + 7 + 17 + 8 Building permits, Jess federal contracts $ Bank debits (thousands) . . . . . . . . $ End-of-month deposits (thousands)t .. $ Annual rate of deposit turnover .. . . 285,780 14,835 13,206 13.0 -56 -13 6 -8 +124 + 6 + + Annual rate of deposit turnover. . . . . . 8.8 6 + 10 HUMBLE (pop. 1,711) GRAND PRAIRIE (pop. 30,386) Postal receipts• ............ . . . ......$ 27,081 Building permits, iess federal contracts $ 400,868 Bank debits (thousands) .............$ 20,504 + 7 -48 + 20 + 4 -62 + 22 Building permits, less federal contracts $ Bank debits (thousands) . . . . . ....$ End-of-month deposits (thousands) t .. $ Annual rate of deposit turnover..... . 1,500 2,751 2,948 11.l -85 + 4 3 + s -99 + + End-of-month deposits (thousands) t .. $ Annual rate of deposit turnover. Employment (area) . ...... ... ...... . Manufacturing employment (area) . Percent unemployed (area) ......... . 10,758 22.7 484,500 106,125 3.6 -2 + 18 + 1 + 1 -10 -1 + 22 + 7 + 3 + 9 IOWA PARK (pop. 3,295) Building permits, Jess federal contracts $ Bank debits (thousands) . . . $ End-of-month deposits (thousands) t .. $ Annual rate of deposit turnover. 128,850 3,852 3,857 11.9 +352 + 3 2 + + 74 + 25 -4 + 28 GRAPEVINE (pop. 2,821) Postal receipts• ...... . ..............$ Building permits, less federal contracts $ Bank debits (thousands). . ..........$ End-of-month deposits (thousands) t .. $ Annual rate of deposit turnover. 2,942 12,500 3,470 3,051 13.5 -20 +210 + 23 -2 + 18 + 3 + 25 + 12 + 12 IRVING (pop. 45,985) Retail sales Lumber, building material, and hardware stores. . . . . + St Postal receipts• ....$ 34,291 Building permits, iess federal contracts $ 2,538,972 + 22 -42 -6 + 21 + 41 + 66 Local Business Conditions City and item Apr 1963 Percent chanll'e Apr 1968 Apr 1963 from from Mar 1963 Apr 1962 Local Business Conditions City and item Apr 1963 Percent change Apr 1968 A pr 1963 from from Mar 1963 Apr 1962 HOUSTON (pop. 938,%19) Retail sales . . . . .................... . Apparel store• .......•.. . ...•.... . Automotive stores ................ . Drull' stores ............... . -at + 4t -lOt 5t •• + 17 -4 -11 + + 4 + 7 5 KINGSVILLE (pop. 25,297) Retail sales Automotive stores ............ ... . . Postal receipts• . . $ + 7t 13,907 + 14 -27 -20 + 11 Eating and drinking places. Food stores ...................... . Furniture and household 4t 2t 7 + 2•• Building permits, less federa l contracts $ Bank debits (thousands) . . .. S End-of-month deposits (thousands) t . S 188,060 12,339 13,288 + 16 + 3 + 23 -85 + 23 + 9 appliance stores ... + 5t 7 + 7 Annual rate of deposit turnover . 12.3 + 7 + 27 Gasoline and service stations . . 2t + 8 + 17 General merchandise stores. Liquor stores ........ . ... . + lt 3t + 9 -10 + + KIRBYVILLE (pop. 1,660) Lumber, building material, and hardware stores........ . .... -lOt Postal receipts• . . $ 2,041,276 Building permits, less federal contracts $29,555,774 Bank debits (thousands) ........... . . $ 3,275,780 + 7•• -49 + 4 + + 19 + 11 + 12 Postal receipts• . . . . . . . .$ Bank debits (thousands) . . . $ End-of-month deposits (thousands) t .. $ Annual rate of deposit turnover . 3,588 2,177 3,268 7.9 1 2 + 3 -9 + 11 -25 End-of-month deposits (thousands) t .. $ 1,516,810 + 2 + 6 Annual rate of deposit turnover . Employment (area) . . . Manufacturing employment (area). Percent unemployed (area) . 26.2 552,000 92,100 3.8 + + + -16 + 6 + 7 3 + 6 LA FERIA (pop. 3,047) Postal receipts• ..... . $ Building permits, less federal contracts $ Bank debits (thousands) . . . $ 2,488 10,700 1,641 + 8 +435 + 15 + 16 -6 + 20 JACKSONVILLE Postal receipts• (pop. 9,590) .. . $ 21,065 + 17 + 18 End-of-month deposits (thousands) t .. $ Annual rate of deposit turnover 1,308 14.9 -3 + 20 -2 + 23 Building permits, Jess federal contracts $ 117,500 +158 +490 Bank debits (thousands) ........ .. . .. $ End-of-month deposits (thousands) t .. $ Annual rate of deposit turnover. 11,947 9,427 15.3 + 4 + + + 11 + 3 + LA MARQUE (pop. 13,969) Postal receipts• . $ Building permits, less federal contracts $ 9,371 226,750 -11 + 61 + 12 + 97 JASPER (pop. 4,889) Retail sales Automotive stores ........ . ....... . Postal receipts• . $ Building permits, less federal contracts $ Bank debits (thousands). . $ -2t + 7t 8,435 35,822 9,664 5 2 + 17 + 59 + 13 + 14 + 28 + 26 -65 + 11 Bank debits (thousands). . $ End-of-month deposits (thousands) t . $ Annual rate of deposit turnover . Employment (area) ........... . . Manufacturing employment (area) . Percent unemployed (area) ... 10,070 5,895 20.6 53,500 10,510 6.4 + 22 + + 21 + 1 + 1 9 + 22 -8 + 33 + 1 -5 -11 End-of-month deposits (thousands) i .. $ 10.040 + 19 + Annual rate of deposit turnover..... 12.6 + 20 + 24 LAMESA (pop. 12,438) JUSTIN (pop. 622) Postal receipts• . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$ Building permits, less federal contracts $ Bank debits (thousands) . . $ End-of-month deposits (thousands) i . .$ Annual rate of deposit turnover . 805 4,000 1,365 775 21.3 -1 -21 + 2 -16 + 23 -89 + 2 + 6•• Retail sales Automotive stores . ...•. . ..•.•....• Drug stores ....... . .............. . Postal receipts• ......$ Bank debits (thousands) . . $ End-of-month deposits (thousands) i . .$ Annual rate of deposit turnover . + 7t Gt 11,633 17,578 17,555 11.4 -11 -17 3 + 1 9 + 10 -17 3 -5 + 3 -11 + 15 KATY (pop. 1,569) Nonagricultural placements 72 + 31 -56 Building permits, less federal contracts $ 32,250 + 15 +940 Bank debits (thousands) . . $ End-of-month deposits (thousands) t .. $ Annual rate of deposit turnover. 2,012 2,188 10.8 + 3 5 + 7 + 40 + 25 + 14 LAMPASAS (pop. 5,061) Postal receipts• ........ .............$ Building permits, Jess federal contracts $ 5,442 45,500 -3 -80 + 17 + 7 KERMIT (pop. 10,465) Retail sales Drug stores ..................... . - st - 7 + Bank debits (thousands) .............$ End-of-month deposits (thousands) t .. $ Annual rate of deposit turnover. 7,416 6,482 13.6 + + + 5 + 10 Postal receipts ...........$ 8,248 + 3 + 13 Building permits, less federal contracts $ 38,321 -74 -62 LA PORTE (pop. 4,512) KILGORE (pop. 10,092) Postal receipts• .... ... . .............$ Building permits, less federal contracts $ Bank debits (thousands) . . .......$ 13,651 69,800 11,901 -12 -18 + 7 + + 39 8 Building permits, less federal contracts S Bank debits (thousands) . . . . . . . . $ End-of-month deposits (thousandsJi .$ Annual rate of deposit turnover..... 43,050 4,334 3,843 13.6 + 13 + 1 + 12 + 39 + 22 + 13 End-of-month deposits (thousandsJi..$ 12,293 - 3 Annual rate of deposit turnover . Employment (area) Manufacturing employment (area) . 11.4 28,550 5,580 + 8•• 1 3 LAREDO (pop. 60,678) Postal receipts• . . . . . . $ 43,651 + 16 + 19 Percent unemployed (area) ... .. 4.9 - 2 + 48 Building permits, less federal contracts Bank debits (thousands) . .. . $ $ 142,929 37,216 +135 + 6 +332 + 9 KILLEEN (pop. 23,377) Postal receipts• . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$ 38,862 Building permits, less federal contracts $ 2,124,326 Bank debits (thousands) .............$ 14,255 End-of-month deposits (thousands) t .. $ 10,125 Annual rate of deposit turnover. 16.9 + 13 +173 -3 •• -7 -6 +362 + 18 + 7 + 8 End-of-month deposits (thousands) t . $ Annual rate of deposit turnover . Employment (area) .. .. .... ....... . . Manufacturing employment (area) . Percent unemployed (area). Nonagricultural placements .. ...... . 26,469 17.4 18,650 1,260 10.1 433 + 6 + •••• -19 + 58 + 1 + 7 -39 Local Business Conditions City and item Apr 1963 Percent change Apr 1963 Apr 1963 from from Mar 1963 Apr 1962 Local Business Conditions City and item Apr 1968 Percent chanire Apr 1968 Apr 1963 from from Mar 1963 Apr 1962 LEVELLAND (pop. 10,153) LUFKIN (pop. 17,641) Postal receipts• ... .. ... . .......$ Building permits, less federal contracts $ Bank debits (thousands). . . . . . . . .. $ End-of-month deposits (thousands) i . .$ Annual rate of deposit turnover . 7,936 146,650 12,030 12,035 11.4 -22 -22 -4 -10 + 8 + 28 -69 •• + 4 -5 Retail sales Automotive stores .............. . . . Postal receipts• .......... . . . . . ....$ Building permits, less federal contracts $ Bank debits (thousands) . . . $ End-of-month deposits (thousands) i . .$ + 7t 27,006 886,830 26,953 28,221 + 17 + 11 + 86 -10 + 7 + 8 + 88 + 63 + 8.. Annual rate of deposit turnover.... . . 11.9 -12 + 11 LI'ITLEFIELD (pop. 7,236) Nonagricultural placements ........ . 98 +145 -13 Retail sales Automotive stores General merchandise stores. Postal receipts• . .... ............... .$ Building permits, less federal contracts $ + 7t + 2t 7,046 90,300 -12 + 15 -7 -46 -9 + -20 -55 McALLEN (pop. 32, 728) Retail sales ........................ . Apparel stores Automotive stores 2t + 4t + 7t + 4 + 20•• •• + 11 + 2 Food stores 4t - 7 + 1 LLANO (pop. 2,656) Postal receipts• . . . .$ 2,416 -12 + 27 Furniture and household appliance stores ......... . . Gasoline and service stations . - ..t 1 + 24 + 1 + 7 -2 Building permits, less federal contracts $ Bank debits (thousands) . .$ 1,200 2,938 -70 •• + 10 Postal receipts• . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ Building permits, less federal contracts $ 31,297 163,200 -8 -23 + 13 -47 End-of-month deposits (thousands) i .. $ Annual rate of deposit turnover... . . . 3,737 9.3 + 3 3 + + 2 Bank debits (tholl.B&Ilds) ............ .$ End-of-month deposits (thousands) i . .$ 81,661 26,374 + 2 + s + 14 + 7 Annual rate of deposit turnover ..... . 14.6 + 2 + 8 Nonagricultural placements ........ . 858 + 11 -68 LOCKHART (pop. 6,084) Retail sales Food stores ................... . .. . - 4t - 5 + 7 McCAMEY (pop. 3,375) Postal receipts• . . ...........$ 4,262 + 1 - 1 Postal receipts• .... .... ..........$ 2,797 -10 Building permits, less federal contracts $ 7,350 -49 -41 Bank debits (thousands) . .$ 1,666 -18 Bank debits (thousands) .... . .....$ 5,006 -15 + 19 End-of-month deposits (thousands) i .. $ 1,818 + 4 7 End-of-month deposits (thousands) i ..$ 5,314 + 3 - 7 Annual rate of deposit turnover. 11.2 4 -a Annual rate of deposit turnover..... . 11.4 -16 + 28 LONGVIEW (pop. 40,050) McGREGOR (pop. 4,642) Building permits, less federal contracts $ 1,000 •• -96 Retail sales Bank debits (thousands) . . . $ 4,067 + 16 + 81 Lumber, building material, and hardware stores..... . + at + 19 + 15 End-of-month deposits (thousands) i . .$ Annual rate of deposit turnover. 6,466 8.8 -8 + 16 + 7 + 17 Postal receipts• .......... ...........$ 60,469 + 6 + 28 Building permits, less federal contracts $ Bank debits (thousands)..... . . $ End-of-month deposits (thousandsli .. $ 354,100 50,519 38,278 -74 + 2 + 1 -89 + 4•• McKINNEY Postal receipts• (pop. 13, 763) ..................$ 13,849 - 6 + 88 Annual rate of deposit turnover . Employment (area) . . . . ........ . 15.9 28,550 + 1•• + 5 -1 Building permits, less federal contracts $ Bank debits (thousands) . . .... $ 68,836 10,467 -68 + + 40 + 12 Manufacturing employment (area) . 5,580 - 3 End-of-month deposits (thousands) t .. $ 9,362 - 1 + 2 Percent unemployed (area) ... 4.9 - 2 + 48 Annual rate of deposit turnover. 18.3 + 2 + 11 Nonagricultural placements 181 + 42 - 2 LOS FRESNOS (pop. 1,289) Postal receipts• . . .. . . ... ............$ Bank debits (thousands) ....... ..... .$ End-of-month deposits (thousands) i . .$ Annual rate of deposit turnover. 1,099 1,034 1,236 10.2 + 8 -10 + 3 -12 + 29 + 10 + 4 + 6 MARSHALL (pop. 23,846) Retail sales .. ......... ....... ...... . Apparel stores ................... . Postal receipts• .....................$ Building permits, less federal contracts $ -2t + 4t 80,449 182,539 + 8 + 29 + 7 +189 -2 -6 + 22 + 17 Bank debits (thousands) .... ..... . .. .$ 17,727 + 6 -20 LUBBOCK (pop. 128,691) Retail sales .. ............ .. ..... ... . Apparel stores Automotive stores . . ........... ... . Furniture and household 2t + 4t + 7t appliance stores . . . ..t General merchandise stores . + 2t Postal receipts• . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$ 195,977 Building permits, less federal contracts $ 3,762,522 Bank debits (thousands) .............$ 216,941 End-of-month deposits (thousandsH . . $ 127,474 Annual rate of deposit turnover . . . . . . 20.S Employment (area) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64,600 Manufacturing employment (area) . 6,050 Percent unemployed (area) . 3.8 •• + 44 •• -18 + 1 -3 + 7 -10 2 -7 + 1 •• -6 + 9 -1 + 18 4 + 1 + + + 2 + 8 + 7 + 6 -10 End-of-month deposits (thousandsli .. $ Annual rate of deposit turnover. ... . . Nonagricultural placements .... . MESQUITE (pop. 27,526) Retail sales Eating and drinking places.. . Postal receipts• ........ . ...... .. . ...$ Building permits, less federal contracts $ Bank debits (thousands) . . . . $ End-of-month deposits (thousandsH.. $ Annual rate of deposit turnover. Employment (area) ........... . .... . Manufacturing employment (area) . Percent unemployed (area) 22,334 9.6 214 -It 15,016 911,832 9,971 6,881 19.8 484,600 106,126 8.6 + 2 + 5 + 45 + 1 -8 + 27 + 49 + 12 + 42 + + -10 + 3 -21 + 18 + 6 + 28 + 19 + 42•• + 48 + 7 + s + 9 P ercent change P ercent change Local Business Conditions Local Business Conditions Apr 1963 Apr 1963 Apr 1963 Avr 1963 Apr from from Apr from from City and item 1963 Mar 1963 Apr 1962 City and item 1963 Mar 1963 Avr 1962 MERCEDES (pop. 10,940) NEDERLAND (pop. 12,036) Postal receipts• ....... .......... ....$ 8,122 + 25 + 71 Building permits, less federal contracts $ 27,084 -11 + 62 Building permits, less federal contracts $ 140,201 -27 -65 Bank debits (thousands) . . . . . . . . . $ 5,627 -12 + 3 Bank debits (thousands) .. ...........$ 6,162 + 25 + 16 End-of-month deposits (thousands) t .. $ 3,754 + 1 -8 End-of-month deposits (thousands) t .. $ 4,194 + 2 + 6 Annual rate of deposit turnover . 18.1 -13 + 12 Annual rate of devosit turnover. . . . . . 17.8 + 21 + 12 MEXIA (pop. 6,121) NEW BRAUNFELS (pop. 15,631) Postal receipts• ..... ..... .. ....... . . $ 5,997 -7 + 35 Bank debits (thousands). . . $ 4,184 + 10 + 18 Postal receipts• . ....................$ 21,758 + 10 + 8 End-of-month deposits (thousands) i .. $ 4,585 -3 + 7 Building vermits, less federal contracts $ 133,625 -34 +183 Annual rate of deposit turnover..... 10.8 + 13 + 10 Bank debits (thousands) .. . .... .. ....$ 12,765 3 + 18 End-of-month deposits (thousands) t .. $ 12,297 1 + 1 MIDLAND (pop. 62,625) Annual rate of devosit turnover. . ... . 12.4 3 + 16 Retail sales Drug stores . . ...... . .... ... . .. ... . -St •• + 12 Furniture and household NORm RICHLAND HILLS (pop. 8,662) appliance stores . . . ••t + 23 -3 Building permits, less federal contracts $ 350,960 + 39 Postal receipts ................... ...$ 102,890 + 5 + 17 Bank debits (thousands) . . .......$ 2,921 + 20 Building permits, less federal contracts $ 1,057,737 -47 + 58 End-of-month deposits (thousands) t .. $ 1,610 + 8 Bank debits (thousands) . .. ..........$ 146,202 + 8 + 12 Annual rate of devosit turnover ..... . 22.6 + 10End-of-month deposits (thousands)t.. $ 100,688 + 3 Annual rate of deposit turnover ..... . 17.4 + 7 + 9 Employment (area) ... . . . . . ........ . 57,000 Manufacturing employment (area) . 4,140 •• + + 51 4 ODESSA (pop. 80,338) Percent unemployed (area). 3.3 -18 •• Retail sales Nonagricultural placements ... 775 + 26 + 2 Furniture and household avvliance stores .... .. ... .. .. ... . ••t + 3 -9 MIDLOTHIAN (pop. 1,521) Postal receipts• . . .. .............$ 75,458 -21 + 6 Building vermits, less federal contracts $ 10,690 -56 + 76 Building vermits, less federal contracts $ 427,312 -39 -48 Bank debits (thousands) ........... .. $ 78,296 Bank debits (thousands) . . ..... .. $ 1,105 3 + 17 + + 3 End-of-month devosits (thousands) t .. $ 75,951 + 13 End-of-month devosits (thousands) t .. $ 1,754 3 + 20 + Annual rate of devosit turnover ..... . 12.5 -7 Annual rate of deposit turnover.. ... . 7.5 6 -1 + Employment (area) . . .. .......... . . . 57,000 + 4 Manufacturing employment (area) . 4,140 MINERAL WELLS (pop.11,053) •• + 61 Percent unemployed (area) .... . 3.3 -18 •• Postal receivts• ..................... $ 19,243 + 39 + 36 Nonagricultural placements ........ . 539 + 5 -23 Building permits, less federal contracts $ 35,480 -68 -65 Bank debits (thousands) ...... ... ....$ 12,829 + 6 + 30 End-of-month devosits (thousands) t .. $ 12,329 + 3 + 14 ORANGE (pop. 25,605) Annual rate of devosit turnover..... . 12.7 + 18 + 13 Nonagricultural placements ... . .... . 129 + 54 + 24 Postal receivts• .................... .$ 26,627 -3 + 14 Building permits, less federal contracts $ 415,345 +491 + 26 MISSION (pop. 14,081) Bank debits (thousands) . . ..... . .....$ 28,519 + + Postal receivts• . . . . . . . . . . . .$ 8,974 -4 + 22 End-of-month deposits (thousands) t .. $ 26,058 + 3 + 15 Building permits, less federal contracts $ 48,345 + 17 + 35 Annual rate of deposit turnover.... . . 13.4 + 2 6 Bank debits (thousands) . . . .$ 11,207 + 4 + 27 Employment (area) ............ ... . 106,800 •• •• End-of-month deposits (thousands) t .. $ 8,245 6 -1 Manufacturing employment (area) . 34,850 •• + 2 Annual rate of devosit turnover .... . . 15.8 + 6 + 22 Percent unemvloyed (area) ......... . 7.6 -1 + 16 Nonagricultural placements ... •.. ... 201 + 31 + 2 MONAHANS (pop. 8,567) Postal receivts• .. . . .. ...............$ 10,785 + 20 + 32 PALESTINE (pop. 13,974) Building vermits, less federal contracts $ 53,950 2 + 15 Bank debits (thousands) ...... . . $ 10,258 + 5 •• Postal receivts• .........$ 13,476 + 6 + 11 End-of-month deposits (thousands) t .. $ 7,536 + 2 -13 Building permits, less federal contracts $ 142,300 + 31 Annual rate of deposit turnover..... . 16.5 + 6 + 19 Bank debits (thousands) . .$ 10,830 + 2 + 3 End-of-month deposits (thousands) t .. $ 15,427 3 + 7 MUENSTER (pop. 1,190) Annual rate of deposit turnover.. ... . 8.3 + 4 Postal receipts• . ................. . .. $ 1,135 -21 + 9 Building vermits, less federal contracts $ 1,000 •• -91 Bank debits (thousands) .............$ 2,249 + + 12 PAMPA (pop. 24,664) End-of-month devosits (thousands) t .. $ 2,169 •• + 10 Retail sales . .... . .. . ............... . 2t -6 + 17 Annual rate of deposit turnover . . . . . . 12.4 + 3 -2 Automotive stores + 7t -15 + 45 Eating and drinking places...... . . 1t + 4 + 2 NACOGDOCHES (pop. 12,674) Food stores ..................... . 4t -6 -12 Retail sales Lumber, building material, Avparel stores ............. .. .... . + 41 + 3 -6 and hardware stores....... .... . . + at + 22 + 21 Postal receivts• . . . . . . . . . . . . .....$ 17,203 + 9 + 30 Postal receipts• .... ... ..............$ 24,811 -14 + 3 Building permits, less federal contracts $ 43,480 -67 -33 Building permits, less federal contracts $ 105,750 -14 + 6 Bank debits (thousands) .............$ 19,552 7 + 25 Bank debits (thousands) .. .. .........$ 26,296 + 6 + 9 End-of-month devosits (thousands) t .. $ 18,177 -1 + 18 End-of-month deposits (thousands) i . .$ 22,271 -4 + 4 Annual rate of devosit turnover..... . 12.8 -8 + 7 Annual rate of deposit turnover..... . 13.9 + 12 •• Nonagricultural vlacements .. . . .. .. . 94 -15 -22 Nonagricultural placements ........ . 190 + 88 -12 Percent change Percent change Local Business Conditions Local Business Conditions Apr 1963 Apr 1968 Apr 1963 Apr 1968 Apr from from Apr from from 1963 Mar 1963 Apr 1962 City and item 1963 Mar 1968 Apr 1962City and Item PORT ARTHUR (pop. 66,676) PARIS (pop. 20,977) Retail sales 2t 6 Retail sales -+ 8 -7 + 56 Apparel stores .. . ........... ..... . + 4t + 7 -l! Automotive stores ................• + 7t Automotive stores ................ . + 7t -12 + 20 Lumber, building material, -33 -12 Eating and drinking places .. .... . . lt -17 8 and hardware stores... ......... . + st FoO7-59=100 ........... . . .. .. . . . Ratio of credit sales to net sales in department and apparel store& . Ratio of collections to outstandings in department and apparel stores .. 119.o• 110.2• 77.0• 38.2• !26.9r !09.6r 76.o• 38.o• 105.3r 107.0r 73.6r 36.7r 71.3 39.l 70.6 39.6 PRODUCTION Total electric power consumption, index .. . ... . .... . ..... . ..... . ... . Industrial electric power consumption, index . . . ... . . .... ... ..... .. . Crude oil production, index . . ... .. ... . . .. . .................. . .... . Crude oil runs to stills, index ... . ...... . ..... . . . ..... . .... . ...... . 147.7• 137.6• 92.8 110.l 134.6 125.7 9!.8r 108.5 I30.0 I23.l 90.9r I07.7 138.8 129.5 91.2 110.8 128.1 120.7 91.1 106.1 Industrial production in U. S., index . . .... . . . . .. ... . . . . .. . . .. .. .. . 122.4• 120.6r 117.7 120.4 1 lti.3 Texas industrial production-total index .... .... . .... ..... . . ... . ... . Texas industrial production-manufacturing index . .. ........ . ...... . 115 130 113 129 112r 124 114 129 11 0 122 Texas industrial production-durable goods, index . .. . ..... .. ... .. .. . 123 122 119r 122 116 Texas industrial production-nondurable goods, index . . . . .. .. . .... . . . 135 134 I28r 134 126 Texas mineral production, index ...... . ... ... .. ... .. . . . .. . .. .... .. . 96 93r 95 95 95 Average daily production per oil well .. . . . ..... . .. .. ... .. .. . . . . ... . 12.5 12.5 I2.6 12.5 12.8 Construction authorized, index, 1957-59=100 . . ...... .... .. .. .. . . . . . . 123.9 137.1 113.7 130.3 120.7 Residential building, 1957-59=100 ...... . ... . .... . .. .. ....... . . . li6.7 122.7 I20.l 116.4 113.6 Nonresidential building. 1957-59=100 .. . . . ..... . . ... ........ . .. . 132.l 152.4 99.9 149.6 135.6 AGRICULTURE Prices received by farmers, unadjusted index, 1910-14=100 .... . ... . . 265 266 260 265 259 Prices paid by farmers in U. S., unadjusted index, 1910-14=100 ..... . 311 310 307 311 305 Ratio of Texas farm prices received to U. S. prices paid by farmers . . 85 86 85 85 85 FINANCE Bank debits, index ......... . ...... . .. .... ............... . . . ... . 138.9 123.6 s 128.7 s 133.7 s 130.8 Bank debits, U. S., index ..... . . . .... . .. . .... .. .. . ... ... ... . ... . . . . s 148.5 S 146.2r s 138.9 $ 147.0 $ 134.0 Reporting member banks, Dallas Reserve District: Loans (millions) ................. . ... .. ...... . . .. . . ... .. . . Loans and investments (millions) ...... . . . .... ... ......... . ... . Adjusted demand deposits ( millions) . . . . . . . . . . ......... . Revenue receipts of the State Comptroller (thousands) ... .. . . ...... . Federal internal revenue receipts (thousands) . . ..... .. .. . .. . ....... . s 3,578 s 5,757 s 2,854 $1 52,624 $426,168 s 3,557 s 5,693 s 2,865 $121,477 $211,970 $ 3,298 s 5,343 s 2,829 $143,659 $389,286 s 3,539 $ 5,689 s 2,892 $129,874 369,261 s 3,276 s 5,290 s 2,887 $125,131 348,795 LABOR T otal nonagricultural employment (thousands) ...... .. .... . .. . . . . . 2,686.7• 2,656.4r 2,623.6r 2,652.5 2,592.l Total manufacturing employment (thousands) .............. . .. . 504.5 • 502.2r 501.3r 501.3 498.0 Durable-goods employment (thousands) ...... .. . 248.0• 245.3r 24!.6r 244.9 239.4 Nondurable-goods employment (thousands) . . .... . 256.5• 256.9r 259.7r 256.4 258.6 Total nonagricultural labor force in 18 labor market areas (thousands) Employment in 18 labor market areas (thousands) Manufacturing employment in I 8 labor market areas (thousands) ... 2,422.0 2,255.6 401.5 2,411.0 2,239.3 398.8 2,325.0 2,166.3 393.7 2,411.2 2,234.0 398.0 2,323.7 2,153.4 391.9 Total unemployment in 18 labor market areas (thousands) 104.l 115.4 96.8 119.2 11 0.l Percent of labor force unemployed in 18 labor market areas .. 4.3 4.8 4.2 5.0 4.7 Average weekly hours-manufacturing, index .... ... ..... .. ..... . . .. . 101.3• 100.7 102.0 100.5 I00.3 Average weekly earnings-manufacturing, index . .. . .. ...... . ....... . . 112.8• 111.l 11 2.7 111.1 11 0.7 ~ >d ~ ..,.. ~ t1' c:: ::'1 ~ z ~ t"l c d t"1 C/l.,.. t"l '=' z ... .t.:i ~ GD d z ! ~ ~ ~ c:: 0 'sj t1'c:: rJJ.... z l>j rJJ e rJJ m ~ I'll l>j > ::'1 C"l lJl SIMULATION TRAINING FOR SMALL BUSINESS EXECUTIVES: COMPUTERIZED MODEL During the past several years the business game (or business simulation) has become increasingly popular as a training device. The Bureau of Business Research has developed a business game based on the problems met in the operation of a small manufacturing concern. The players receive detailed information about a simu­lated firm and its economic environment and, as execu­tives of the fictional company, make a series of busi­ness decisions. These decisions are fed into an elec­tronic data processing computer which produces re­ports showing the effects of the decisions on the business. These reports are used in making further decisions, and the players are thus able to simulate several years of decision making and to see the results of their decisions. This report was prepared by the Bureau of Business Research under the Small Business Management Re­search Grant Program of the SBA. Published in two volumes. Price $1.50 each. Schools or organizationsplanning to adopt the game for instructional purposes should write for special pricing arrangements. 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