THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXA3 AUSTIN THE GENERAL LIBRARIES PERRY-CASTANEDA LIBRARY THIS IS AN ORIGINAL MANTJS ! .,itW j. I Mai NOT L'S cOi' .i..iuO Viixi'HOUT 228 AUTHOfi’S PERMISSION FAUNA OF THE GLEN ROSE FORMATION Approved: Approved: Dean of the Graduate School. FAUNA OF THE GLEN ROSE FORMATION THESIS Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas in Partial Fulfill- ment of the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY By Farion Isabelle Whitney, B. A., M. A. (Austin, Texas) Austin, Texas June, 1937 PREFACE THE LIBRARY THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS The purpose of this paper is to make available the informetion regarding the classification and the characteristics of the species described herein. It is hoped that this study will also be of use to both the paleontologist and the stratigrapher in the correlation of Glen Rose beds and the determination of its horizons. In many cases the knowledge of the stratigraphic position.of such restricted forms as Salenia texana and Corbula martinae have been used already by Dr. F. L. Whitney in the determination of the presence of such structural features as faults and anticlines. It is further hoped that this paper will make available information that will aid geologists in mapping the structural features of the Glen Rose formation. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The writer wishes to express her appreciation to Dr. F. L. Whitney for his helpful suggestions and interest in the supervision of this work, and especially for the use of the Glen Rose collection which he had spent more than twenty years in making, and for the photographic work. To Dr.F. W. Simonds, Dr. E. H. Seilards, Dr. H. P. Bybee, Mr. A. H. Deen, Dr. F. McAllister and Dr. I. M. Lewis the writer expresses her appreciation for their interest and encouragement and for their reading of the manuscript . CONTENTS Introduction .... 1 Table of Ranges 6 Description of Species ..... 11 Bibliography 265 Index of Species 271 INTRODUCTION THE l 3RARY THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS Very little is generally known about the Glen Rose formation and its fauna. There have been several publications which included a few forms found in the Glen Rose, but none to date that deal exclusively with it. Such geologists as Roemer, Conrad, Cragin, Schltiter, Credner, Giebel, Bflse, Hill, White, Clark, Shumard, Kniker and others described Glen Rose fossils, but their works were never extensive, sometimes including only one or two forms. In some of the earlier works, species were described but not figured. This often makes it impossible to identify the species described. Where it was necessary, older classifications were changed in this paper to agree with more advanced knowledge and some few forms were renamed entirely where the nomenclature was conflicting. The Glen Rose formation varies in thickness from a few feet up to 740 feet at its outcrop in central Texas and is composed of massive, hard limestone beds in alternation with softer limestone beds. Upon exposure to the atmosphere some of the softer beds break down into clays and shaley limestone, but as has been shown by the three-foot cores at Marshall Ford dam site on Colorado River, most of the formation consists of various types of limestones. The basal portion, however, contains some sandstone. The upper 60 feet or more of the formation is very sandy. Although fossils are abundant in the lower Glen Rose, some oeds, particularly the upper ones, seem to be quite barren of fossil remains. The fossils described in this paper were collected chiefly by Dr. F. L. Whitney from central Texas. A few of the forms, however, came from Gypsum Bluff near Murfreesboro, Arkansas. The majority of the specimens were found in Comal and Bandera counties, Texas. Many were collected in Blanco and Hays counties, and a few came from Kendall, Burnet, and Travis counties. The Glen Rose yields an abundance of fossils, but very few ere well preserved. Such forms as Ostrea, Neithea, Pecten, and a few others have well-preserved shells, but most of the fossils are preserved as casts and impressions, which are often badly distorted. In the case of Pelecypods and a few Gastropods such as Nerinea and Nerinella it is an advantage to have some casts, where determination depends upon such internal characters as can be shown by the casts. The disadvantage, however, in having only casts with which to work is that little or nothing is known of the ornamentation of the shell. Thus it is necessary to depend largely on the form of the cast for specific determination as was done in the case of many of the Pelecypods described in this paper. In the case of many of the Gastropods the measurements of the spiral angles as well as the general form of the shell were used for specific determinations. Three groups of invertebrate fauna found in the Glen Rose formation which are not described here ere the Foraminifera, the Coelenterates and the Cephalopods. Mrs. Dorothy Ogden Carsey described some of the Foraminifera and Dr. John ’V. Wells described the Corals. Dr. Gayle Scott has in preparation a paper which will include the Cephelopods. Most of the other forms found in the Glen Rose are included here. A few forms were omitted because their state of preservation was very poor. The fauna of the Glen Rose formation consists largely of Pelecypods, of which the species are numerous and generally well represented by the fossils present. In some cases, however, only a single specimen represents the species. This is as true for all the classes as for the Pelecypods. Some forms such as Immanitas and Monopleura are so abundant locally that they form reefs of considerable extent. Unlike most fossils, the Chamidae frequently show less resistance to weathering agents than does the inclosing matrix; and as a result, the fossils erode, leaving numerous, long, tubular holes in the bedrock. This forms t- rj honeycomb rock. Another form that occurs abundantly is the little Corbula. Its range is restricted to a layer of rock about one foot thick, but the rock consists almost entirely of Corbula shells. This bed has been found in many places in Bandera, Comal, Hays, Travis and Blanco counties. There are very few Brachiopods in the Glen Rose and most of these are well preserved. There are four species in the collection. It is impossible to describe one of these species, however, because it is represented by a single sued men which has been badly broken. The Echinodermata are quite well represented but not very abundant. Pseudodiadema texana end Enallaster obliquatus are represented by more individual specimens than any other echinoid species in the Glen Rose. Next to Pelecypods in abundance of individuals and of species are the Gastropods. The dominant families are the Naticidae, the Nerineidae end the Cerithiidae. There are several genera of the Naticidae represented, the most predominent of which is Tylostoma. Of the Cerithiidae and the Nerineidae there are one and two genera respectively, but the species are numerous. Some have believed that the Glen Rose was the equivalent of the Aptian of Europe and that the Albian began at the close of Glen Rose times. There is paleontological evidence to place this belief in doubt. Forms which closely resemble the Aptian species have been found in the lower portion of the formation, but do not extend beyond the Salenia texana horizon, which is about 275 feet above the base of the formation at Austin. Likewise new forms start at this horizon and extend up to the Fredericksburg Division, some few forms pass over into the Walnut formation and some even extend into the Washita Division. Some of these new forms are similar to characteristic forms of the Albian of Europe. As the table of ranges shows, the greatest number of species have been found in the lower Glen Rose and in the Salenia texana horizon, while comparatively few forms have been found above this horizon. There seems to be a distinct break in the continuity of fauna at the Salenia texana horizon because new forms arise here and only a few forms pass over into the upper beds. J 1 Travis Peak Lower Glm Rose Salenia Texana Horizon Glen Rost Above 275’ j| Walnut Comanche Peak Edwards Washita Group Alectryonia alternans 1 XXX 1 J Alectryonia comalensis XXX 1 Amauropsis comalensis XXX Anatina beckleyi XXX U Anatina henseni XXX Anatina slmondsi XXX Anomia horni XXX ......... * Area simondsi 1 XXX n ... I Area tejeana — L XXX 1 . lArctica banderaensis TXXX 1 iArctics bybeei 1 XXX lArctica comalensis 1 ? lArctica gibboss. _ 1 XXX lArctica guadalupensis XXX < Arctica mediale 1 XXX XXX XXX lArctica navicularia ?xxx Arctica pslmerae XXX lArctica plummerae I XXX Arctica pseudotexana XXX 1 lArctica roemeri XXX XXX j Astarte damoni XXX [Astarte deeni 1 XXX 1 Card it? st? fforal ( XXX [Cardium congestum I XXX XXX XXX 1 ... _ [Cardium subcongestum XXX J jCarithium XXX 1 ICerithium bullardi I XXX ICerithium gardnerae I XXX ICerithium haysensis XXX ICerithium plummerae cfr. XXX Sanctae Ousis TABLE SHOWING THE HORIZON OR RANGE OF MOST OF THE GLEN ROSE FOSSILS 1 Travis Peak Lower Glen Rose Salenla Texana Horizon C3en Rose Above 275' WeInut Comanche Peak Hdwards Washita | Group | ICerithium simondsi. XXX I 1 ICorbis bendereensis XXX ICorbis hamiltonae XXX • ICorbula martinae | Crassatemtes eifleri XXX ICucullaea blancoensis XXX ICucullaea gracilis XXX ICucullaea gratiota XXX L ICucullaea Harris i !.... ...J XXX ICucullaea terminalis XXX iCypricardia compacta XXX XXX 1 ICypricardia pelletae XXX ICyprimeria texana XXX iDiplopodia texana XXX I Snailaster obliquatus XXX I Snailaster texanus * XXX XXX XXX , ISxogyra guadalupae XXX ' 1 ISxogyra hancockensis L . XXX (K'xogyra wertherfordensis XXX IFusus haysensis . XXX .. IGranocardium pseudopendens XXX IConiopygus guadalupae XXX [Harpagodes stephensoni XXX J I Hemiaster comanchei XXX lHemiaster white! XXX iHinnites guadalupae L ., XXX iHinnites texana XXX iHolectypus ovatus XXX * IHolectypus planatus XXX XXX XXX iHomomya coma lens is XXX iHomomya knowltoni XXX XXX [immanitss texana L. .. J XXX r . .. . 1 iKingena Stafford! XXX XXX XXX 1 J (Leiocidaris texana 1 Travis | Peek 1 1 Lower Clen Rose Salenia | Glen Rose Texana | Above Horizon! 275' Walnut | k J Comanche Peak Edwards Washita 1| Group | ... 1 iLeiocidaris tysoni 1 XXX .. |Lina wacoensis XXX i ....... y ILiopistha Alta | XXX ILiopistha banderaensis XXX ILiopistha. fletcheri XXX iLiopistha jurafacies XXX XXX ILiopistha solida XXX 1 ILiopistha walkeri XXX lLucina (Phacoides) horni lLunatia pedernalis . . ... .„.... -. . XXX J L iMeretrix hanseni XXX |Meretrix texana XXX - - iModiole banderaensis XXX iModiola branneri XXX (Modiola concentrice-costellata XXX XXX 1 iModiola cuyleri * XXX iModiola mcdllisteri XXX I Monopleura mare ide XXX »|Monopleura subtriquetra XXX 1 1 Monopleura sp. XXX iMytilus hugoensis XXX XXX XXX iNatica bullardi XXX 1 Nat tea track! XXX ♦iNeithee irregularis XXX XXX xx.x I iNerinea boyseni XXX 1 iNerinea comalensis XXX INerinea cuyleri XXX INerinea guadalupae XXX INerinea hancockensis XXX INerinea harrisi XXX INerinea ikinsi XXX 1 iNerinea roemeri XXX INerinea simondsi XXX ' iNerinella bpernensis XXX 1 * r Travis Peak Lower Glen Rose Salenia Texana Horizon (Hen Rose Above 275’ Walnut Comanche Peak Edwards Washita Group Merinella cfr. circumvoluta XXX Nerinella pedernalis XXX . .... Nerinella sellardsi XXX L...... ' Nerita bonellensis L L ....... XXX Nucula bybeei XXX Orthopsis comalensis XXX . Ostrea plummeri XXX Ostrea sellardsi XXX Ostrea tuckerae XXX Penopea banderaensis XXX Panopea henselli XXX Panopea hilli XXX XXX XXX Panopea sellardsi XXX Pecten bramletti XXX Pecten guadalupensis XXX Pecten stantoni XXX XXX XXX Pentacrinus texanus XXX Perna ellisorae XXX L Pholadomya bowlingi XXX Pleurocera brenneri XXX Plicatula parkerae XXX Protocardia multistriata XXX XXX 1 XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX Protocardie texana XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX Purpuroides. harper! XXX 1 Purpuroidea kreManus XXX Pseudodiedema elevatus XXX XXX Pseudodiedema texanum XXX XXX XXX Pyrina hancockensis XXX Rhynchonella blancoensis XXX Rhynchonella simondsi L........._ '4 XXX .. . . Salenia mexicana XXX Salenia phillipsae XXX Salenia texana XXX Siiiquaria sp. XXX t • 1 Travis Peak — Lower lien Rose Salenia|Glen Rose Texana | Above Horizon! 275’ Walnut Comanche! Edwards Peak | I Washita | Group | 1 1 Spondylus olsenae XXX 1 Strombus beckleyi XXX 1 _ Strombus stantoni XXX - L_ Tapes baker! XXX I Tapes decepta XXX Toucasia hancockensis XXX Toucasia pseudopatagiata XXX Toucasia texana XXX XXX XXX XXX xxx I xxx Trigonia gordoni XXX Triffonia wendleri XXX Trigonia whttneyi XXX XXX Trocbactaeon gardnerae XXX ■ Trochacteeon tysoni XXX .. L . 1 Turbo cuyleri XXX Turbo mcellister! ’ .... ?xxx Tylostoma barrow! I xxx Tylostome lewis! i xxx ! Tylostoma paaernalis ver. Glen Rose ?xxx 1 Tylostoma thorpi xxx Tylostome travisensis XXX 1 J DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES Sub-Kingdom SCHINODERMATA Sub-Branch PELMATOZOA Leuckart Class CRINOIDEA Miller Subclass DICYCLICA 4)rder INADUNATA Suborder DENDROCRINOIDEA Family PENTACRINIDAE d'Orbigny Genus Pentacrinus Blumbnbach Pentacrinus texanus n. sp, Plate I, Figures 1-4. Numerous plates of the stem are present in the basal beds of the Glen Rose formation, rarely are there more than two together. They are small and very thin, scarcely more than 1/50 of an inch thick. The shape is pentagonal to stellate. The re-entering angles are distinct, but shallow in the small specimens and the ends of the rays are rounded. Thecrenulaticns form five petaloid groups which often join one another by three grooves near the center. The petaloid zones are wide and have quite long grooves at their widest portion. The grooves decrease in length toward each end. The area between the two series of grooves in each zone is slightly depressed. There are from six to eleven crenulations in the plates at hand. In the center there is a small connecting canal often with short ridges radiating outward from it. The whole surfaces of the rocks in which the Pentacrinus texanus is found are covered with numerous small, short, rodshaped particles with a canal in the center, and sometimes with a ridge around the periphery and down through the center, leaving a crescent shaped depression on either side of the ridge. These rounded particles are of various thicknesses from flat discs to thick, little rods, slightly longer than the diameter. These are probably the plates that made up the arms or the pinnules of the crinoid. No calix has been found. Dimensions: 4 mm. broad, about 0.4 mm. thick. Occurrence: At contact of Glen Rose and Travis Peak formations near Spring Branch on the New Braunfels-Blanco road, Comal County, Tex. Sub-Branch ECHINOZOA Leuckart Class ECHINOIDEA Agassiz Subclass REGULARIA ENDOBRANCHIATA Order CIDAROIDEA Duncan Family CIDARIDAE Wright Genus Leiocidaris Desor Leiocidaris tysoni n. sp, Plate I, Figures 7-10. The specimen is so crushed that the true shape can not be determined. The shell is of moderate size and probably would be subspherical in a well preserved condition. The ambulacral areas are very narrow and sinuous. At the ambitus there appear to be four rows of tubercles between the pore zones, the two inner rows are made of very minute tubercles, while the outer ones are larger. In the upper part of the ambulacral area and near the peristome there are only two rows of tubercles. In the specimen at hand there seems to be no groove between the pores. The area dwindles to a point less than 2 mm. in width at the peristome and to about 1 mm. in width at the discal region but is not more than 3 mm. wide at the ambitus. The plates in the whole area are very small and narrow. Interambulacral areas broad and prominent; made up of very large plates which are almost equal sided and hexagonal. The areolas are large, circular or slightly polygonal and closely crowded. They cover almost all of the plate except for a narrow rim of large and small oval granules in two to four inch rows. From the margins of the plates, the rows of granules rise steeply, at angles from about 40° to 80°, to the top of the rim. On the inside of the rim the test falls sharply to the depressed areola which in turn rises to form a large but very low boss with a sharp, smooth rim at its top. On the bosses are huge, rounded mamelons 4 mm. in diameter and with a deep perforation but no crenulation. There are four plates and four very strong, prominent tubercles to each row; the plates at the peristomal region are small, and also one of the plates at the apical region may be small, rectangular to polygonal and almost entirely covered with granules and bearing a small tubercle near the apical border; sometimes the tubercle becomes well developed. The opposite plate bears, however, the largest tubercle of the area and from this very large tubercle at the apical region they dwindle in size toward the peristome. From the little that is preserved of the borders of the discal region, they seem to be smooth and without marked indentation. The apical system is missing. The peristome is too poorly preserved to be characterised. Spines large, pyriform, 2.3 cm. in length and 1.3 cm. in the widest place. Blunt at the distal end, more tapering at the proximal end, greatest diameter near distal end. Covered with strong ridges which break up into irregular rows of granules near the proximal end. Leiocidaris tysoni differs from L. hemigranosus in that it has a smaller number of granules in the ambulacral area and also has no groove between the pores. There are also fewer plates in the intere.mbulacral areas, and the rreas surrounding the areolas are narrower, more crowded and much steeper on their inner borders. Also the mamelons are much larger even though the specimen is only about one-fourth as large as the specimen of -L. hemigranosus et hand. The bosses are not so high nor are the areolas so deep. Dimensions: Height 3 cm., diameter about 4 cm. Occurrence: About 225 feet above the base of the Glen Rose on Hancock-Cranes Mill road, Comal County, Tex. beiocidaris texanus n. sp. Plate I, Figures 5-6. Only a fragment of the test is present, but sufficient characters remain to distinguish it from L. hemigranosus and L. tysoni. The test of this species is small end appears to be subglobose. Ambulacral areas only slightly undulating, narrow and elevated in the central portion. The plates are small and narrow. Bach one is covered with two horizontal rows of minute granules of two sizes and with two to four in each group. At the outer end of the rows of granules there are larger mamelonated, scrobiculate tubercles which are still microscopic in size but occupy the whole width of the plate. The poriferous zones are in narrow, depressed areas which drop sharply from the rows of tubercles. The pores are oblique with a groove running between them on the lower side and a small, round granule with an elongate base that extends between the pores on the upper side. Interambulacral areas, wide, made of large plates with about 8 prominent, memelonete tubercles with wide rounded polygonal, depressed areolas. The bosses are large and high with a smooth, sharp rim at the top. The mamelon is stout, flat topped, deeply perforate and angular in profile. Areolas deep and sur rounded by a high rim of small, prominent secondary tubercles that ere feebly scrobiculate. Beyond the secondary tubercles there are as many as ten rows of granules between the rows of tubercles. These granules grade upward in size from the edges of the plate to the ring of secondary tubercles. There may be as many as 12 rows of small tubercles or granules between the rows of primary tubercles but never more than two rows between any two large tubercles in the same row nor between a large tubercle end the ambulacral area except in the angles between two areolas where there may be irregular groups of large numbers of granules. The areas surrounding the ereolas are low and flat, with only slight depressions between the rows of tubercles. Peristome crushed, periproct and apical system wanting. Leioeidaris texanus resembles L. hemigranosus in its number, and shape of tubercles, in the deep areolas end the wide areas between the rows of tubercles, also in having a groove between the pores in the ambulacral areas. It differs from L. hemigranosus in the arrangement of tubercles on the ambulacral plates and between the pores, in a less sinuous ambulacral area, in having proportionately smaller tubercles, end in that the areolas ere not so elevated and the areas between the rows of tubercles are not so deep as in L. hemigranosus. It does not closely resemble L. tysoni which is found in the same formation. There are twice as many tubercles on L. texanus and the areolas are deeper, smaller and lower, the bosses are proportionately higher, the mamelons are much smaller, the ambulacral areas are less flexuous, have a different arrangement of tubercles and have a tubercle between the pores whereas L. tysoni has none. Dimensions: Height about 2.5 cm., width 3.5 cm. Occurrence: 4.3 miles west of Fischer Store, Tex. Subclass REGULARIA ECTOBRANCHIATA Order DIADEMOIDEA Suborder GALYGINA Family SALENIIDAE Desor (emend. Duncan and Sladen) Genus Salenia Gray Salenia texana Credner Plate I, Figures 11-13. Cidaris diatretum Giebel, 1853, Naturwiss. Ver. in Halle Jahresb " 1852, p. 374, Pl. VII, figure 2. Salenia texana Credner. 1875, Zeitschr. ftir gesam. Naturwiss., vol. 46, pp. 105-116, Pl. V, figs. 1-6. Salenia texana Clark, 1891, Johns Hopkins Univ. Circ., vol. 10, No. 87, p. 75. Salenia Texana Clark, 1893, Johns Hopkins Univ. Circ., vol. 12, No. 103, p. 51. Salenia texana Clark, 1893, U. S. Geol. Survey Bull. 97, pp. 40 41, Pl. X, figs. la-h. Salenia texana Cragin, 1893, Geol. Survey Texas Fourth Ann. Rept., pp. 163, 164. Salenia texana Clark and Twichell, U. S. Geol. Survey., Mon. 54, 1915, p. 49, Pl. XII, figs la-j: Pl. XIV, figs. la-c. Salenia texana Adkins, Handbook of Texas Cret. Fossils, Univ, of Texas Bull. 2838, p. 277, no Pl. Salenia texana, Smiser, J. S., A Study of the Bchinoid Fragments in the Cretaceous Rocks of Texas, Journal of Paleontology, Vol. 7, No. 2, 1933; p. 141; Pl. 19, Figs. 1-5. Determinative characters.—Test subglobose; upper surface convex; sides inflated; under surface flat. Ambulacra narrow, flexuous, with two rows of mammillated granules in each area; poriferous zones flexed; pores uniserial. Interambulacra wide, with two rows of alternating plates, six in each row. Apical system large, co vex, subcircular; periproct prominent. Peristome moderately large. Dimensions.--Diameter 10 to 25 millimeters; height 7 to 20 millimeters. Description.—Credner presents the first com plete diagnosis of a North American Mesozoic echinoid in the detailed descriptions accorded the present species. Its reference by Giebel in 1852 to Cidaris dietreturn (*Pseudodiadema diatretum) was erroneous. The test is subspherical when complete, but in many of the specimens examined is somewhat flattened, both actinally and abactinally. The lower surface is slightly concave in the vicinity of the peristome. The sides are inflated, presenting a rounded surface which is fuller above than below. The ambulacra, are narrow, increasing gradually in width from the apical system to the peristome. Two rows of mammillated granules, twenty-four to twenty-six in each, occupy the middle of each area. Very minute granules extend in a line between the rows and in the vicinity of the peristome surround the larger granules themselves. The poriferous zones are narrow and flexuous, and the pores are regularly arranged in a uniseri&l series; near the peristome they are slightly more crowded. The most pronounced flexure is opposite the second interambulacral plate from the apical system. Toward the peristome the zones become nearly straight. The interambulacra are broad and formed of two alternating rows of broad plates, six in each row. The tubercles increase rapidly in size from the peristome, where they are scarcely larger than the mammillated granules of the ambulacra. The areolas are large and surrounded by mammillated granules of various sizes that are crowded together along the inner edge of the plates. Between the larger granules are numerous minute granules. The areola rises to a prominent boss that is deeply crenulated and bears an imperforate mamelon. The apical system is very large, convex, subcircular, with radiating ridges that extend from the ovarial openings of each plate and unite with similar ridges of adjacent pistes. Small punctures are found at the angles of the plates and intermediate between them. The subanel plate is situated before the periproct and occupies the center of the disk. The perioroct is subelliptical, rounded anteriorly, angular posteriorly, and slightly elevated at the border. The adoral surface is flat and the peristome large, covering nearly one-half the diameter of the test. The peristome is circular, with ten incisions upon the edge that divide it into nearly equal sized lobes. 1 Dimensions; Height 14 mm., diameter 23 mm. Occurrence: It is found only in a restricted zone about 275 feet above the base of the Glen Rose. The zone, which is eight feet thick, occurs in numerous places throughout central Texas. Some of the specific locations are as follows: 2.3 also 4.3 miles west of Fischer Store, 3 miles south of Bandera and 1 mile east of Bandera, Tex. Salenia mexicana Schlttter Plate 11, Figures 2-4. Salenia mexicana Schlttter 1887, Reg. Echin. Kreide Wordamerikas, p. 41. Salenia Prestensis, Cotteau, 1890, S. qu. echinides terr. cret. p. 294. Salenia texana, 1893 in part Cragin, Inv. Pal. Texas Cret, p. 163. Salenia mexicana, Bdse, 1910, Institute Geologic© de Mexico, Boletin num 25, p. 152. Lam XXXII, figs. 4-19. Salenia mexicana, Adkins, Handbook of Texas Cret. Fossils, Univ, of Tex. Bull. 2838, 1928, p. 278, no pl. Salenia mexicana, Winton, W. M., The Geology of Denton Co., Univ, of Tex. Bull. No. 2544, 1925; p. 50, Pl. 12, figs. 6-8 The following is a translation of Base's description of Salenia mexicana: This species has not been figured up to the present time, but the excellent original description permits us to recognize it readily. The characters are: Species of medium size for Salenia, circular, subglobose, upper surface elevated, convex above slightly acuminate; lower surface quite flat, slightly concave in the central part. The poriferous zones are slightly undulating in their upper part and are composed of transversely oval pores which form oblique pairs in such a manner that the pairs of the two series more or less alternate. The pores are limited by a border and between each a small granule; about the peristome the pores are more numerous, that is to say, there are two pores in the place of one. The ambulacra! areas are very narrow and undulating, increasing gradually in width from the apical system to the peristome; there are two series of granules numbering 20 in each one; the granules are mamelonated and not perforated but of a longitudinal oval form. Between the granules is found a single series of diminutive granules; by this are separated, between each two granules of the first order, a series of diminutive granules which terminate in a pair of granules in such a manner that each granule of the first order appears to be surrounded by a circle of small granules clear up to the poriferous zone; this is the case in the whole extent of the ambulacrum. The interambulacral areas are very broad and composed of two series of 5-6 mamelonated tubercles, crenulated at the base, non-perforate, surrounded by broad areolas; these are in part surrounded by mamelonated granules; these are repeated in a very constant manner: in each plate there ere on the exterior side, toward the ambulacra, 2 granules above and one granule below; toward the central suture is found a single series of mamelonated granules which do not differ much, one from the other; between the two series of granules in the center of the interambulacra exists a very narrow miliary zone. The peristome is very broad, occupies half the total diemeter of the shell, is circular, has ten slightly strong incisions, provided with a little border; the ambulacra! lips are slightly broader than the interambulacral. The periproct is a rounded ovel, elevated and thin on its borders; these are lightly crenuleted. The apical apparatus is quite spread out end subcircular in outline, thickened, slightly concave between the border and periproct; from the pores there go forth light radial elevations which terminate in the lips between the excavations of the suture; besides, there exist fine corrugations, in general radial but somewhat irregular, which cover the whole surface of the apical apparatus. The apical apparatus is composed of 5 genital plates and 5 ocular plates and a supernumerary plate, the subanal, which occupies the center of the apparatus; the right anterior genital plate shows an incision of very irregular and variable form but quite deep. The genital pores are found more or less in the center of the plates and have a slight border. Sehleuter mentions the characters by which we distinguish our species from _S. texana Credner. Sehleuter says that the pairs of pores have a very oblique position while those of £. texana are quite horizontal; this last observation is confirmed by the figures given by Clark. Besides, Sehleuter observes that no fine granules exist between the two series of granules of the first order of the ambulacra; this is an error which was probably made on account of the state of preservation of the specimens which he studied, in reality, small granules exist also in our species, but it is a single series and not two as in S. texana. Besides, Schleuter added that in the plates of the interambulacra one sees in the exterior corner towards the ambulacra 2 granules above and one below, and towards the center, a single series of granules separated by relatively broad spaces; this difference is confirmed also; according to the figure of Clark there appears to be a much more irregular distribution of granules. Besides we could add the following differences: S. mexicana has a much larger peristome than JS. texana, the ambulacra! lips are broader than those of the interambulacral, while the contrary follows in the species S. texana; in S. mexicana the plates of the apical system are more separated than in texana, besides the plates do not have elevations which as we have said join the genital pores. The zones with diminutive granules between the two series of granules of the ambulacra appear to be narrower in S. mexicana than in S. texana and they seem to pass into the military zone of the two ambulacra; besides, S. texana is much larger than S. mexicana and it is found in a more recent formation. Cotteau described our species under the name &• prestensis Desor. This determination is certainly erroneous, although S. texana, like S. mexicana, is quite related to the species cited. With S. texana Credner indicated the differences very well; S. mexicana Is distinguished from S. prestensis by the following characters: The peristone of mexicana has a relatively larger diameter than that of S. prestensis; the poriferous zone of the first species shows at best a double pair of pores about the peristone, the European species 4 to 6; between the two series of granules with ramifications which enter between each of the granules of the first order; in the species of the Old World there is e. single zone of granules between the two series, the number of interambulacral plates in our species is 5 to 6; in the European, 6 to 7, the largest being the fourth from the peristone in S.. mexicana and the fifth in _S. prestensis. The apical apparatus in our species is relatively larger than the European, but the excavations of the sutures of the plates are deeper in the second than in the first species; 8. mexjeana has an oval periproct, that of S. prestensis is sub-triangular. The miliary zone between the series of interambulacral tubercles is much broader in j>. prestensis than S. mexicana and the distribution of the granules is completely different. Cragin probably encountered S. mexicana in the Fredericksburg division of Bandera County, etc; the large specimen has a diameter somewhat greater than the individuals of La Encantada. Cragin gave no complete description and especially does not mention the distribution of the granules in the interambulacral areas nor the size of the peristone, nor does he give a picture of the specimens; thus it is impossible to decide if really he is treating of S_. mexicana or of a new species, or as Cragin questioned, of S_. texana. Thus like S. texana our species is related to S. petalifera, Desm. and S. Desori, Wright, the first is related principally by the size and form of apical system, but the width of the ambulacra is very different. S. Desori, Wright, is distinguished by the number of interambulacral tubercles, the width of the intermlliary zone, etc. Our species greatly resembles S. scutigera, Cott, (not Mttnstert) this is related by the very narrow interporiferous zone, the similarity of the periproct, etc., but is distinguished by the distribution of the granules in the interambulacra and the number of tubercles. Wright believes that S. Scutigera Mdnster, is identical with S. petalifera, Desm., while he considers S. scutigera, Cott as a different species and cites it under the name S. geometries. According to Schleuter our species is closely related to S.. Fraasi, Cott. The principal difference exists in the form of ambulacra! tubercles. Those in Fraasi are rounded and those in 8. mexicana are oval. All the other differences are small. It appears that apical apparatus of S. Fraasi is a little larger, that the diminutive granules between the series of principal granules of the ambulacra are relatively smeller and that the principal granules are a little more numerous (17 in place of 20 of our species). In IS. Fraasi we find in the interambulacra 4 to 5 granules of first order, in S. mexicana 5 to 6. The S. Fraasi is probably different from our species, but it is closely related to it and the two belong to the same group. yraasi was described by Fraas under the name of JS. petalifera. Our species has a certain importance to the geology of ’Mexico. Based on the erroneous determination of Cotteau various geologists have believed that these beds belong to the Aptian, but our species resembles J>. Prestensis of the Aptian-Gault, as much as S. scutigere, Cott., which belongs to the Senonian, so that on account of this it is impossible to refer the beds to the Aptian; the cephalopod fauna of our beds indicate a more modern epoch. The number of specimens: 19 Locality: La Encantada, Placer de Guadalupe, Chihuahua. Horizon: with Schloenbachia Chihuahuensis, Vraconia. Dimensions: Height 6.7 mm., Diameter 11.7 mm. Occurrence: 1 mile east of Bandera. Salenia mexicana occurs in the Fredericksburg Division as well as in the Glen Rose. Salenia phillipsae n. sp. Plate IX, Figures 1, 5-8. Test circular, very small, low, sides inflated, flattened below, convex above. Ambulacral areas short, nerrow, slightly lanceolate and nlmost straight, mode up of two rows of 5 granules each. There appear to be no smaller granules between these rows; neither are there granules between the slightly oblique pores; there is, however, a slight ridge between the pores. Pores slightly crowded at the peristome. Interambulacral areas broad, short, with four plates in each row and with four prominent, mamelonate, crenulate, non-perforate tubercles. The areolas are prominent under a lens and are surrounded by 6 granules. Peristome very large, more than one-half the diameter of the shell, circular to decagonal, incised. The apical system is decidedly pentagon&l in outline and the sides are quite straight with only slight indentations in the middle and at the ends. Over the ambulacral areas the corners of the sides form two small scalloos with a shallow indentation between. There are also two slight scallops near the ends and one in the middle of each side of the apical system. The scallops and indentations are all microscopic. The apical system consists of five genital plates, five occular plates end one suranal plate which is concave in the center and rises very abruptly to the rim of the oval periproct. All of the plates are slightly concave in the center. The genital plates have several pit-like depressions, in the concavities and the genital pore is slightly below the center of the plate. There are also two pits in the occular plates. Between the plates are numerous pyriform pores. The madreporite does not show clearly. The periproct is only slightly raised and has an elevated rim surrounding it. The edges of the apical disc are slightly elevated and flaring. Only one specimen of Selenia phillipsae has been found and it was collected by Miss Ophelia Phillips. It differs from Salenia texana and Salenia mexicana in having fewer tubercles and plates in the ambulacral and interambulacral areas; no granules between the rows of tubercles in the ambulacral areas; no sinuous ambulacra and fewer granules surrounding the primary tubercles in the interambulacral areas. The apical system also differs considerably in appearance from that of other species of the Glen Rose. It is more decidedly pentagonal, flatter, more flaring at the edges, each plate more depressed in the center and has a more sharply elevated rim around the periproct. The periproct remains directly above the posterior ambulacrum, but it is in the angle between the sides of the apical discs, whereas it is in the middle of the posterior side of the apical disc in the other two species. In other words, the position of the pentagonal disc has shifted in Salenia phillipsae so that it has an angle directly in the posterior instead of a straight side and this causes a straight side to appear in the anterior rather than an angle as is found in Salenia texana and Salenia mexicana. Also the sides of the apical disc in Salenia phillipsae are not so deeply scalloped as in the other species. It also differs in the fact that it is much smaller. Dimensions: Height 2.25 mm., diameter 4.5 mm. Occurrence: Four miles west of Driftwood, Tex. Suborder ARBACINA Family HEMIDIDARIDAE Genus Goniopygus Agassiz Goniopygus guadalupae n. sp. Plate 11, Figures 10-12. Test small, subconical, circular in outline, flattened above and below, sides inflated. Ambulacral areas broad, lanceolate, composed of compound plates bearing two rows of small tubercles with seven tubercles in each row. The tubercles are mamelonate and noncrenulate, non-perforate. Pores small, pairs oblique. The specimen is too poorly preserved to see whether there is any doubling of pores at the peristome. A few granules appear to be present along the inner suture line. Interambulacral areas broad, with about six plates, each bearing a prominent tubercle with a few granules surrounding it. There are six tubercles in each row. They are mamelon ate, non-perforate and non-crenulate. The bosses are high and prominent; the mamelons low and rounded. Apical system star-shaped, subpentagonal, not elevated above the level of the other plates. The five genital plates are very much elongated and narrowed on the outer ends. The occular plates are small, pentagonal and almost equal sided; crowded between the prolonged ends of the genital plates. No tubercles appear tobe present on the genital plates. Periproct subcircular. Peristome circular. Goniopygus guadalupae differs from Goniopygus zitteli In having fewer plates and tubercles in the ambulacral and interambulacral areas and in the lack of tubercles on the genital plates. Also the test is lower than G. zitteli, the apical system is not so elevated and there seems to be a slight difference in the shape of the plates of the apical system, especially the oecular plates which are more nearly equal sided in the new species than in G. zitteli. Dimensions: Height 7.5 mm., width 15.5 mm. Occurrence: 225 feet above the base of the Glen Rose on Cranes Mill-Hancock road in Comal County, Tex. Suborder DIADEMINA Family ORTHOPSIDAE Genus Orthopsis Cotteau Orthopsis comalensis n. so. Plate 11, Figures 9, 17-19. Tests small, circular, concave below, convex above, moderately high, sides inflated. Specimen incomplete and crushed slightly. Ambulacr&l areas narrow, lanceolate, consisting of simple, straight, narrow plates, which show no signs of compounding. The 12 to 14 primary tubercles are made up of two plates with one plate between tubercles. Poriferous zones straight, uniserial throughout, but crowding slightly beside the last two tubercles at the peristome. The pores in each pair are set obliquely to each other with a small, prominent tubercle between them. Primary tubercles largest and most closely crowded below the ambitus, decreasing in size toward the mouth only very slightly up to the last two which show a very sudden decrease in size. At the ambitus they begin to decrease in size very gradually toward the apical system. The tubercles are perforate, non-crenulate, mamelonate and in profile the bosses are straight-sided with prominent, relatively large, convex mamelons. The bosses are transversely oval in outline and are surrounded by narrow, shallow, groove-like areolas which are also oval in outline. Around the areola is a ring of mamelonate, secondary tubercles of two sizes, often also small granules surround these. The general arrangement of secondary tubercles seems to be a small tubercle at the inner ends of the two plates that sunport the primary tubercle and a larger secondary tubercle at both ends of the interculary plates. Between these larger tubercles and beneath the primary tubercle is another smaller secondary tubercle. There are no secondary tubercles present on the exterior side of the ambulacrum in the specimen at hand, but the tubercles between the pores give the appearance of completing the ring of small tubercles around the primary tubercles. The plates in the crowded zone are short, irregular in shape and arrangement. Peristomal ends of the ambulacral area are very slightly indented in the middle and a fraction wider than the interambulacrum; apical end very narrow. The first three tubercles from the apical system in all of the rows, both ambulacral and interambulacral, show no sign of perforation even under high magnification, but all the other tubercles are distinctly perforate. This is probably an individual condition. At the ambitus the interambulacral areas are almost twice as broad as the ambulacral areas and contain two complete rows of mamelonate, perforate, non-scrobiculate tubercles, usually 12 in number and slightly larger than those of the ambulacra. Bosses and narrow groove-like areolae oval in outline. Primary tubercles surrounded by a ring of secondary, mamelonate tubercles of two sizes. These in turn are surrounded by minute granules. In addition to the two complete rows of tubercles that extend from the genital plates to the peristome there are four short rows of smaller, mamelonate, perforate, non-crenulate tubercles. Two of these rows are between the long rows and extend only a short distance above end below the ambitus. There are six fairly large tubercles at the inner ends of the plates in each of these rows, and like the larger tubercles, they have rings of secondary tubercles and granules about them. At the outer edges of the areas, usually very close to the ambulacra there pre on either side a short row of tubercles --usually six to eight in each, and the rows extend up about as far as the inner rows, approximately 6 mm. from the genital plates. These tubercles are pazti-lly surrounded by secondary tubercles and granules; the primaries, however, are so close to the outer margin that they do not appear to have any secondaries on their external margins. The peristomal ends of the interambulacra are short, arcuate, deeply notched on either side; incision directed slightly inward, inner lip prominent, high. Discal ends much broader than ambulacra, indented in the middle. The apical system is incomplete in this specimen. Three occular, two complete genital and two incomplete genital pistes are present. The genital plates heve about six small tubercles surrounding the pore with as many as eight larger tubercles scattered over the surface. The occulars have about six closely crowded tubercles and the pore is very near the external margin. The shape of the periproct can not be definitely determined, but three straight sides are present and they seem to diverge from one another in the manner that suggests a pentagonal outline, also a faint ridge on the cast suggests the same form. The opening, however, must not be very large in a complete test. The peristome is large end probably would be circular or decagonal in a perfect specimen. This species resembles in several respects, 0. granularis figured by Cotteau from the Cenomanien. The interambulacra have the same number and arrangement of tubercles. Their general shapes are similar and also the presence of tubercles between the ambulacral pores shows a similarity; however, there are many more tubercles on the ambulacral areas and the arrangement of secondary tubercles is different in 0. granularis than in 0. comalensis. The shape of the genital plates is also different. One would not expect two species so widely separated in age to be very closely related, however. There are two Comanchean species of Orthopsis figured by Clark and Twitchell but only one, 0. planulata, even remotely resembles 0. comalensis and it is so meagerly preserved that to establish any identity with 0. comalensis would be impossible. In his short description, Clark mentions some characters that seem to differentiate this species from the one at hand. 0. comalensis has no compound plates in the ambulacral areas and no sutures passing through the interporiferous tubercles. He also figures the tubercles as being round, whereas they are oval in 0. comalensis. In his enlarged figure of the ambulacral area his arrangement of secondary tubercles is different, and all of these tubercles seem to be of the same size which is not the case in this species. Although he speaks of interporiferous tubercles he shows none in the figure; finally the arrangement of tubercles in the interambulacral area appears to be different in the two species. Dimensions: Height 5.5 mm., diameter 13 mm. Occurrence: Cranes Mill-Hancock road, Comal County, Tex. About 225 feet above the base of the Glen Rose. Family DIADEMATIDAE Wright Genus Pseudodiadema Desor Pseudodiadema texanum (Roemer) Plate 11, Figures 20-22. Pseudodiadema texanum Desor, 1858, Synopsis des echinides fossiles, p. 72. Diadema texanum Gabb, 1859, Catalogue of invertebrate fossils of the Cretaceous formation, p. 19. Pseudodiadema texanum Meek, 1864, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 7 (177), p. 2. Pseudodiadema roemeri Clark, 1891, Johns Hopkins Univ. Circ., vol. 10, No. 87, p. 75. Pseudodiadema texanum Clark, 1893, Johns Hopkins Univ. Giro., vol. 12, No. 103, p. 51. Pseudodiadema texanum Clark, 1893, U. S, Geol. Survey Bull. 97, pp. 47, 48, Pls. XIII, figs. 2a-n; XIV, figs. la-g. Pseudodiadema texanum Cragin, 1893, Geol. Survey Texas Fourth Ann. Kept.. pp. 161, 162. Pseudodiadema texanum Hill and Vaughan, 1898, U. S. Geol. Survey Eighteenth Ann. Rept., pt. 2, Pl. LIU, figs. 3a, 3b. Pseudodiadema texanum Hill, 1901, U. S. Geol Survey Twentyfirst Ann. Rept., pt. 7, Pl. XXVII, figs. 3a, 3b. Pseudodiadema texanum Clark and Twitchell, U. S. Geol. Survey, Mon. 54, 1915, p. 55, Fl. XVIII, figs. la-1. Loriolia texana, Lambert, Soc. Geol. de France, 4 Serie, 26, 1926, p. 266, no pl. Loriolia texana, Adkins, Handbook of Texas Cret. Fossils, Univ. Tex. Bull., 2838, 1928, p. 273, no pl. Description.--This form, described by Roemer in 1852 as Bladema texanum, was properly assigned by Desor to the genus Pseudodiadema. The test is circular, very much depressed on both the upper and lower surfaces and inflated at the sides. The ambulacra are narrow and lanceolate. They bear two rows of tubercles, 11 or 12 in each row, that decrease rapidly in size from the ambitus to the poles. The areolas are circular, the bosses stout and prominent, the mamelons distinctly perforated. Small secondary tuber cles are irregularly dispersed between the rows of primary tubercles. A few scattered granules surround the same. The poriferous zones are uniserial throughout, though the pores show a slight tendency to increase at the peristome. The interambulacra are about twice the width of the ambulacra. There are two rows of primary tubercles, 9 or 10 in each row, that decrease in size from the ambitus to the poles. The areolas are depressed, circular, and distinctly outlined, the bosses elevated and deeply crenulated, the mamelons large and deeply perforated. Small secondary tubercles surround the primary tubercles, between which are interspersed minute granules. The peristome is wide, covering nearly one-half of the diameter of the test. Ten incisions produce welldefined lobes at regular intervals. The periproct is large and subcircular, with a deep incision in the right anterior ambulacrum. Related forms.—Both Roemer and Desor mention the similarity of this species to P. tenue, of the Cenomanian of Europe, from which, however, it is separated by its smaller tubercles and more numerous granules. Localities.—Near Fredericksburg and in San Saba Valley (type), Barton Creek between Oatmanville and Bee Caves (figured specimen), hear Austin and many other plates in Texas. Geologic horizon.—Glen Rose limestone of Trinity group and Comanche Peek limestone of Fredericksburg group, Comanche series, Cretaceous.' 5 Dimensions: Height 3-8 mm., diameter 6-17 mm. Pseudodiadem elevatus n. sp. Plate 111,. Figures 1-3. Test circular, depressed and flattened below, greatly elevated above, flattened on top, sides inflated. Ambulacra narrow, lanceolate, made up of two series of long, narrow, irregular, compound plates in groups of three and sometimes four. The small plates are rarely visible. Each group is centered around a orimary tubercle. There are 12 to 14 small, scrobiculete, msmelonate, perforate tubercles in each of the two rows. The tubercles decrease uniformly from the ambitus to the mouth and apical system. Each areola is partially surrounded by two sisjes of small mamelonate, secondary tubercles and granules. Between the pores there is an elevated region that resembles a tubercle. The pairs of pores are uniserial, becoming crowded beside the second tubercle from the peristome. Both ends of the ambulacral area are slightly indented. Peristomal end very slightly broader thm that of the interambulacrum. Interambulacra twice as broad as ambulacra at the ambitus, consisting of two series of broad, long plates on each of which is a small, mamelonate, scrobiculste, perforate, crenulate tubercle surrounded with a ring of minute granules around them. Between any two tubercles in the same row at or above the ambitus there is usually only one row of granules, but to both sides, the granules increase so that between the two series of tubercles there are from four to six rows. The surface is entirely covered with them except for the scrobiculate areas. Below the ambitus the areolas appear to join one another without granules between. Peristomal end of the interambulacral area straight to arcuate, narrow, deeply incised on either side Incisions directed slightly toward the center of the area. Inner lip high, prominent and thick. Peristome round, decagonal, slightly less than half the diameter of the test. Discal opening pentagonal in general outline, but each sioe slightly indented, with one interambulacrum deeply incised end depressed in its upper part. Pseudodiadema elevatus differs from P. texanum chiefly in its greater abactinal elevation. The primary tubercles are slightly smaller and the secondary tubercles are usually more numerous. Dimensions: Height 7-10 mm., diameter 11-16 mm Occurrence; Found on Austin-Bee Caves road over look ing Barton Creek; northwest of Bandera, Tex., 875 feet above the base of the Glen Rose formation; also found in various pieces in upper Glen Rose. Family DIPLOPODIIDAB Genus Diplopodia McCoy Diplopodia texanum (Roemer j Plate IV, Figures 6-9. Di&dema texanum Roemer, 1849, Texas, p. 392. Cyphosoma texanum Roemer, 1852, Die Kreidebildungen von Texas, p. 82, Pl. 10, fig. 6. Cyphosoma texanum Conrad, 1857, U. S. and ulex. Bound. Sur. Rent., vol. 1, pt. 2, p. 145, Pl. 1, fig. 3. Phymosoma texanum Desor, 1858, Synopsis des echinides fossiles, p. 90. Cyphosoma texanum, Gabb, 1869, California Geol. Sur., Paleon tology, vol. 2, p. 276. Pseudodiademe texanum Clark, 1891, Johns Mopkins Univ, circulars, N. 87, p. 75. Diplopodia texanum, Clark, U. S. Geol Survey Bull., 97, 1893, pp. 48-50, Pl. XV, figs, la-f; Pl. XVI, figs. la-d. Diplopodia texaia, Cragin, Texas Geol. Sur., 4th Ann. Kept., 1893, p. 149, no pl. Shell round to subpentagonal. Sides inflated. Abactinal side slightly convex. Adactinal side flattened to concave. Ambulacra! areas large, prominent, and lanceolate, composed of two rows of orimary tubercles, 12 to 14 or more in each row. These tubercles are perforate, mamelonate and crenulate; they are large at the ambitus and decrease gradually at the poles. The plates are compound, generally very irregular in shape but tend to be long and Saeh primary tubercle is made up of several plates. Those on the flanks of the tubercle are normally much wider than those above end below them. There ere a varying number of these plates in each group, usually four below the ambitus end as many as seven above it. In the latter case the tubercles are made up of three to four plates with one to three plates between each tubercle. Here the pores are bigeminal; but each plate bears only one pair of pores. Sometimes the doubling causes some pores to lie on the line between the plates. In this case it is usually the lower pore that appears to lie between the plates, while the upper one lies midway between the sides of the plate. The plates are grouped around the tubercles. Opposite groups fit together like single plates in the interambulacral areas. This gives them the appearance of being single large plates, sometimes separated between the pores at the outer margins. It was thus that Clark figured them. Each pair of pores, however, is borne on a separate plate which usually goes all the way to the center of the ambulacral area. There is one large tubercle end several small granules surrounding it in each group. The elevation of the tubercle causes the irregular ity of the plates and gives them the appearance of radiating downward from the apex of the tubercle. /here the plates become crowded near the mouth, there is an irregular number of plates in each group. The pattern of crowding seems to be quite constant in different individuals and differs considerably from that figured by Clark. Beginning with the fifth tubercle from the mouth and proceeding adactinally, the upper plates ere normal, lining up with the long series above. The lowest plate in the group has its pair of pores much closer to the tubercle. The upper two, and sometimes three pairs of pores of the fourth tubercle line up obliquely with this lowest member of the fifth group in a line directed somewhat outward toward the margin of the ambulacral area. Again the lowest member has its pores nearer to the tubercle. This same pattern is carried out beside the third tubercle. Here, however, the rows become more oblique and the crowding increases. Finally by the second tubercle the crowding has become so great that the rows of pores stand almost horizontally in some specimens. There are from three to four rows, with three pores in each row, from the third tubercle down to the peristome. The last row has some pores cutting the margin of the peristome. Some pores anastomose. Where the crowding is great beside the first and second tubercle the plates have become so shifted in position that they lie in horizontal rather than vertical series. They have become so short that they are almost equal sided and usually pentagonal in shape. Near the peristome the pairs of pores become so oblique that they stand almost vertically. The ends of the ambulacra! areas at the peristome are slightly indented in the middle. They are a little broader than those of the interambulacra! areas. The intersmbulacral areas are twice as broad as the ambulacral areas at the ambitus end are composed of four rows of primary tubercles. The outside rows gradually diminish in size below the ambitus and more or less abruptly above it. They die out long before reaching the apical system, but extend almost all the way to the peristome. The inner rows converge st the peristome and diverge above until they almost meet the poriferous zones of the ambulacra! areas at the apical system. There are two primary tubercles and scattered, irregular granules around each of these on most of the long, broad plates. Each plate is bent slightly downward in the middle. At the mouth the interambulacral area is narrow and straight. There is a deep incision on either side directed toward the center of the area with a strong lip projecting adactinally on the inner edge of the incision. Clark mentions a broad depression in the interambulacral areas near the discal region. This depression shows up well on the Walnut specimens, but is very slight on the Glen Rose specimen. Other material, however, might show this characteristic. The mouth is large, circular and decagonal. The edges of the discal opening on the Glen Rose specimen are shattered, but in those found in the Walnut formation it is large and very definitely pentagonal. The spines are long, slender, tapering, arcuate, plain with crenulations on the articulating surface. Dimensions: Height, 9 mm., diameter 25 mm. Occurrence: dmberly-Dripping Springs road, four miles from Wimberly, Tex. Subclass IRRF.GULARIA Order GNATHOSTOMATA Suborder HOLECTYPINA Family Pygasteridae Genus Holectypus Desor Holectypus planatus Roemer Plate 111, Figures 7-9. Holectypus planatus Roemer, 1849, Texas, p. 393. Holectypus planetug Roemer. 1852, Die Kreidebildungen von Texas, p. 84, Pl. X, fig. 2. Holectypus planatus Shuraard, 1858, Exploration Red River of Louisiana Rept., p. 211. Holectypus planatus Giebel, 1853, Naturwies. Ver. in Helle Jahresb., p. 373. Holectypus planus Giebel, idem. Holectypus planatus Conrad, 1857, U. S. and Mex. Boundary Survey Kept., vol. 1, pt. 2, p. 145, Pl. I, fig. 4. Holectypus planatus Desor, 1858, Synopsis des echinides fossiles, p. 174. Holectypus planatus Gabb, 1859, Cat. Invert. Fossils Cretaceous, p. 18. Holectypus planatus 1864, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 7, p. 2. Holectypus sp. Roemer, 1888, Pal. Abhandl. von Dames und Kayser, vol. 4, pt. 4, p. 9 (287), Pl. I (XXXI), figs. 6a-c. Holectypus planatus Clark, 1891, Johns Hopkins Univ. Circ., vol. 10, No. 87, p. 76. Holectypus planatus Clark, 1893, Johns Honkins Univ. Circ., vol. 12, No. 103, p. 51. Holectypus planatus Clark, 1893, U. S. Geol Survey Bull. 97, pp. 58, 59, Pl. XXII, figs. 2a-f. Holectypus charltoni Cragin. 1893, Geol. Survey Texas Fourth Ann Rept., p. 158, Pl XXIV, figs 8, 9. Holectypus planatus Cragin, 1893, Geol Survey Texas Fourth Ann. Kept., pp. 159, 160. Holectypus transpecosensis Cragin, 1893, Qeol. Survey Texas Fourth Ann. Kept., p. 160, Pl. XXVII, figs. 3-5. Holectypus chartoni Cragin, 1894, Colorado Coll. Studies, vol. 5, p. 41. Holectypus planatus Hill, 1901, 0. S. Geol Survey Twentyfirst Ann. Rept., pt. 7, p. 226. Holectypus planatus Adkins* Handbook of Texas Cretaceous Fossils, Univ, of Texas Bull. 2838, 1928, p. 282, Pl. XIV, fig. 6. Holectypus planatus, Winton, W. M., The Geology of Denton Co., Univ, of Texas Bull. No. 2544, 1925, p. 48, Pl. 13, fig. 6. Holectypus planus, Giebel, Adkins* Handbook of Texas Cretaceous Fossils, Univ, of Texas Bull. 2838, 1928, p. 282, Pl. 111, fig. 2. Holectypus cfr. planus (Giebel) Adkins, ' . S., The Geology and Mineral Resources of the Fort Stockton Quadrangle, Univ, of Texas Bull. No. 2738, 1927, Pl. 2, fig. 2. Determinative characters.--Test subcircular, subconical, flattened on the under surface. Ambulacra narrow, straight, and somewhat lanceolate, with six irregular rows of tubercles; poriferous zones somewhat straight, narrow, unigeminal. Interambulacra wide, plates numerous and narrow, each with a nearly horizontal row of small tubercles. Apical system small, the madreporite large. Peristome small, subcircular. Periproct large. Dimensions.—Transverse dirmeter 12-70 millimeters; height 7-40 millimeters. Description.—This very common form from the Cretaceous of Texas was first reported by Roemer in 1849, and was subsequently, in 1852, more accurately defined and figured by him. Although wide differences in outline and in the size and arrangements of the tubercles occur, they appear to be rather individual than specific. The majority of the specimens are subcircular; in the case of some, however, distinctly circular, while in that of others clearly pentagonal. The ambitus in some individuals is sharp, in others rounded, while the upper surface is distinctly elevated at the center with slightly tumid sides. The under surface is flat and slightly depressed in the vicinity of the peristome. The ambulacra are narrow, straight, increasing in width toward the ambitus and somewhat lanceolate in form. The poriferous zones are narrow, the pores small and unigeminal. Six rows of small tubercles are found in the broader portion of the areas, which become reduced to four toward the apical disk and peristome. The interambulacra are about three times the width of the ambulacra at the ambitus. The pistes are narrow, each with a horizontal row of small tubercles, five or six in a row at the ambitus, but fewer above and below. Each tubercle has a smell circular areola, crenulated boss, and perforated mamelon. The tubercles cover the greater portion of the plates, with minute granules interspersed between them. The tubercles ,are very much larger on the lower surface, and the difference in size shown between those of the ambulacra end interambulacra on the upper surface disappears. The apical system is small. The five ovarial plates are all perforated; the madreporite is of large size and indistinctly separated from the other plates. The peristome is small, with slight incisions that give a decagonal margin. The large oval peristome extends from the vicinity of the mouth to the ambitus. Related forms.—The size of the adult forms is very variable; those found in the Washita group being larger than those found in the Trinity and Fredericksburg group. The individuals also vary in height. So many connecting forms can be found between the typical H. planatus and t e species described as H. charltoni and H. transpecosensis by Cragin that they have been regarded as synonyms. Localities.—Near Fredericksburg (type), Cow Creek, Travis County (figured specimens A and B); Denton County (figured specimen C); Shoal Creek, Austin (figured specimen D); San Antonio, Kent, and many other localities in Texas. Geologic horizon.—Trinity, Fredericksburg, and Washita groups of the Comanche series, Cretaceous. 4 Holectypus ovatus n. sp. Plate 111, Figures 4-6. The specimen is very poorly preserved. A few characteristics however can be determined which distinguish it from Holectypus planatus. The form is almost hemispherical. The sides slope in an even and well-rounded curve from the very slightly acuminate apex to the gently rounded border. Adactinal surface curved to the preistome, bending sharply toward the peristome for a distance of only 2 mrn., only slightly concave. The periphery is circular. Whether this varies to pentagonal as does Holectypus planatus is problematical, for only a few specimens have been found. The height is slightly more than onehalf the transverse diameter. Most of the tubercles have been obliterated, but there appear to be four rows of perforate tubercles on the ambulacral areas. These are feebly mamelonate and scrobiculate. The peristome presents an ovate, acuminate form, hence the name ovatus is suggested. The peristome is also decagonal with strong incisions and prominent recurved lips. It is very Isrge, occupying about one-half the adactinal side. Only a part of the periproct is present. It appears to be large, probably occupying most of the space between the peristome and the outer edge of the adactinal surface. The end present is acuminate, but too much has been weathered away to make any statement concerning the general form. The long axes of the peristome and the perinroct are at right angles to each other. The apical system Is too weathered to show any char- acters. The plates of the ambulacral areas are very narrow and straight. The pairs of pores are oblique and appear to alternate throughout the whole area. The Interambulacral plates possess the same type of bending downward In the middle as is found in the Holectypus planatus. The tubercles are arranged in regular rows in the interambulacral areas, but only a few faint remnants are present on this specimen. This species differs from Holectypus planatus by the following characteristics: it is about one-third higher, less acuminate, sides more strongly arched, lower surface more rounded, less concave. Peristome occupying a greater area and presenting a more elongate shape. Area between the peristome and periphery very much narrower, bending much more sharply toward the peristome. There may be fewer tubercles in the ambulacra 1 areas but the weathered condition prevents any definite determination of the number normally present. The pores are oblique like the younger specimens of Holeetypus olanatus. Oloer specimens of the latter appear to have nearly horizontal pores except on the adactinsX side. The general outline of Holeetypus ovatus differs distinctly from that of Holeetypus planatus. The shape of the peristome is similar to that of Holeetypus Cenomanensis and of Holeetypus excisus, figured and described by Cotteau in Paleontologie ln his description of the genus Holeetypus, Cotteau states that a circular peristome is a generic character of this genus, but e-' curiously in his description of Holeetypus Cenomanensis a few pages farther on he speaks of the oval peristome. In this species the peristome is more rounded on the ends than is that of Holeetypus ovatus. Dimensions: Height 11 mm., transverse diameter, 17 mm Occurrence: Salenia texana zone, about 275 feet above the base of the Glen Rose formation in Comal County, Tex., nine miles from Anhalt toward Boerne on the Anhalt-Boerne road. Order ATELOSTOMATA Suborder ASTBRNATA Family ECHINONBIDAE Wright Genus Pyrina Desmoulins emend. De Loriol Pyrina hancockensis Plate 11, Figures 13-16 Tests small"to moderate size, elongate, oval, rounded on the anterior end, somewhat truncated on the posterior end. Adactinal sides concave in the center, abactinal side convex, sides inflated. Ambulacra narrow, lanceolate, equal, prominent, composed of numerous, narrow plites. Pores simple, oblique, in regular rows and having.a smell, interporiferous tubercle in each pair. Below the ambitus the psirs of pores become somewhat irregular, in that they appear in groups of three which extend outward from the original line. The primary tubercles are in two rows near the apical system and the peristome, increasing in both directions to four rows and then six rows near the ambitus. The additional rows are added between the two continuous exterior rows. All the tubercles of the test are very small and depressed in a. deep areola. They are mamelonate end perforate, scrobiculete, but not crenulate, and surrounded by sc-all granules. Where the tubercles are close together, the granules stand up in a high ridge between them. Interambulacra very wide, more then three times as wide as the ambulacra at the ambitus, covered with small, depressed tubercles and numerous rows of minute granules. The tubercles are most numerous at and below the ambitus. The granules are most numerous on the sides and nesr the apical system, in fact the whole surface between the tubercles is covered with granules. The apical system is elongate, irregularly oval, consisting of five irregularly shaped occular plates, the posterior pair with no genital plate between them, and four very unequal genital plates; the anterior one carrying the madreporite in the center of the system. The peristome is small, elongate, oval, end noticeably oblique, extending to the left side of the anterior.ambulacrum. Borders smooth and inrolled. Mouth in a depressed area. The periproct is larger than the peristome, elongate, pyriform, with the end near the apical system quite acuminate while the other end is rounded. It is located in a slightly depressed area close to the apical system. Relationships end differences: Pyrina hancockensis resembles P. ovalis figured by d'Orbigny from the Cenomanien in the general size and shape of the test, positions and shapes of the peristome and periproct. It differs, from this species, however, in that it is proportionately narrower, more truncate and of flatter curve posteriorly and with a smaller anterior end. The apical system is of the same general plan, but the shapes of the pistes are quite different, the madreporic plate being especially different from the others. Dimensions: Height 7 mm. to 14 mm., length 16 mm. to 29 mm., width 12 to 18 mm. Occurrence: Cranes Mill-Fischer Store road. Also 225 feet above the base of the Glen Rose on Cranes Mil-Hancock road. Family SPATANGIDAE Wright Genus Enallaster d’Orbigny Enallaster texanus (Roemer) Plate 111, Figures 14-15. Toxaster texanus Roemer, 1849, Texas, p. 393. Toxaster texanus Roemer, 1852, Die Kreidebildungen von Texas, pp. 85, 86, Pl. X, fig. 3. Toxaster unguis Giebel, 1853, Naturwiss. Ver. in Helle Jahresb., p. 373. Enallaster texanus d*orbigny, 1853-60, Paleontologie vol. 6, p. 184, Pl. DCCCL, figs. 1-7. Toxaster texanus Conrad, 1857, U. S. and Mex. Boundary Survey Rept., vol. 1, pt. 2, p. 145, Pl. 1, figs 2a-c. Enallaster texanus Desor, 1858, Synopsis des echinides fossiles, p. 358. Toxaster texanus Gabb, 1859, Cat. Invert. Fossils Cretaceous, p. 19. Toxaster texanus Meek, 1864, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 7 (177), P. 3. Enallaster texanus Clark, 1891, Johns Hopk’ns Univ. Circ., vol. 10, No. 87, p. 77. Enallaster texanus Clark, 1893, Johns Hopkins Univ. Circ., vol. 12, No. 103, p. 52. Enallaster texanus Clark, U. S. Geol. Survey Bull. 97, pp. 78, 79, Pl. XXXIX, figs. 2a-g, 1893. Enallaster inflatus Cragin, 1893, Geol. Survey Texas Fourth Ann. Rept., pp. 150, 151, Pl. XXIV, fig. 13. Enallaster texanus Cragin, 1893, Geol. Survey Texas Fourth Ann. Rept. , p. 151. Enallaster texanus Cragin, 1894, Colorado Coll. Studies, vol. 5, p. 41. Enallaster inflatus Cragin, 1894, Colorado Coll. Studies, vol. 5, pp. 45 T 47. Enailaster texanus Hill and Vaughan, 1898, U. S. Geol. Survey Eighteenth Ann. Kept., pt. 2, Pl. Dill, figs 4a-b. Enallaater texanus Hill, 1901, U. S. Geol. Survey Twenty-first Ann. Rept., pt. 7, p. 226, Pl. XXVII, figs. 4a-b. snailaster sp. Hill, 1901, U. S. Geol. Survey Twenty-first Ann. Rept-, pt. 7, p. 283. Enallaster texanus Clark and Twitchell, 1915, Monograph of the U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. LIV, pp. 86-87, Pl. XXXIX, figs. 2a-g. Snailaster texanus Bdse, Inst. Geol. de Mexico, Pol. 25, p. 166, 1910, Lam XI, figs. 6-10; Lam XLI, figs. 2-4; Lam. XLII, fig. 1. Enallaster texanus Adkins and Winton, 1919, Univ, of Texas Bull. 1945, p. 55, Pl. IX, figs. 12, 13. Snallaster texanus Bullard, F. M., Geology of Love Co., Okla., Oklahoma Geol. Survey Bull., No. 33, 1925, p. 68, Pl. XXV, figs. 1-5. Snallaster texanus ’Vinton, W. M., The Geology of Denton Co., Univ, of Tex. Bull., No. 2544, 1925, p. 50, Pl. 13, fig. 5. Heteraster texanus, Adkins, Hendbook of Cretaceous Fossils, Univ, of Texas Bull. 2838, 1928, p. 289, Pl. 111, fig. 1. Distinguishing characteristics: Shell elongate, oval, cordiform, elevated, highest point posterior to the center, length 1-1/2 times the height. Narrow anteriorly and posteriorly, broadest back of the anterior third of the shall. Apical system posterior to center, compact. Anterior paired ambulacra composed of two series of unequal plates, 40 to 48 in the posterior series and 30 to 36 in the anterior series. Posterior series composed of long, narrow plates with elongate pores, having the longest pores on the posterior side. Anterior series composed of broad, short plates with small, round pores. All the ambulacra are contained in more or less depressed areas, but the unpaired ambulacrum is in a deep, broad groove. The anterior ambulacra are only slightly subpetaloid, while the posterior ambulacra appear to be almost petaloid. Interambulacra broad, covered with very small mamelonated scrobiculate, perforate, crenulate tubercles and numerous granules. Periproct in a depression high on the obliquely truncate posterior; oval to four-sided in shape. Peristome oval and depressed, in the anterior fourth of the shell. Description: Shell oval, cordiform, slightly longer than the greatest width which is back of the anterior third of the shell, narrow posteriorly, very steeply truncate, greatest circumference at ambitus, greatest height slightly posterior to epical system and a little more than one-half the length. Abactinal side high and convex, adactinal side low and but slightly convex. Test slopes abruptly to the posterior and gradually to the anterior. Anterior face slightly wider than posterior. There are several angular prominences on the ambitus. The curvature of the shell is changed at these points. Apical system compact, posterior to the center, consisting of four genital and 5 occular plates with madreporite and the four genital cores prominent. Anterior ambulacrum is in a broad, deep, groove; is subpetaloid; composed of regular, long, narrow plates on which are borne three types of pores. There are pairs with long exterior and shorter interior pores alternating with pairs of shorter pores set between the pairs of long pores, but not lining up with the longer ones on either margin. The short pores are set obliquely to each other and have e tubercle between them. The inner one is usually pointed at the inner margin. The ends of the other pores may become attenuated but never seem to be so pointed. There are individual irregularities of alternation. Sometimes the long pores appear twice or three times consecutively with no small pores between. Slightly above the ambitus the pores ceese to be prominent. They continue to the peristome on repidly enlarging plates. The anterior paired ambulacra are made of two series of unequal plates. The posterior series consists of long, narrow plates with a long posterior pore and a shorter anterior pore widely separated from the posterior one. The anterior series is made of more irregular shaped plates, usually slightly elongate, sometimes almost square and always larger than those of the posterior series. This causes a greater number of posterior plates—usually 10 to 12 more. Bdse thought there was a constant six to four ratio in these plates, but an examination of a large number of both j§. texanus and S. obliquatus revealed that no constant retio could be established; and, furthermore, there was almost always a different ratio on the two sides of the same individual. The anterior series of pores are always small, round, and very close together. The prominent poriferous zones are subpeteloid, long and distinctly depressed, elevated slightly between the two series of pores. Where the poriferous zones cease to be prominent, the ambulacra change directly slightly to the poster! or and flatten out. Neer the ambitus only a slight indication of the depression can be found, also the areas become covered with tubercles and it is difficult to trace the small, rounded pores which continue to the peristome. Frequently there is a tubercle between the pores near the peristome. Below the ambitus the areas have fewer tubercles and again become depressed as they approach the peristome. Plates become elongate in the direction of the long axis of the arbulacral areas. Frequently around the pores which have the tubercle between them there is a sharply depressed ring, an area like an areola, and a considerable elevation in the center. The pores are set obliquely on the side of the tubercle. The pores are frequently arranged in vertical series and the plates show evidence of crowding near the peristome. Posterior ambulacra long, narrow, slightly depressed abactinally, wide adactinally. Below the short, petaliferous zones the depressions flatten out and at the ambitus the areas appear to be elevated bands with slight ridges or a series of prominences on both sides. On the adactinal side the areas appear as prominent, smooth bands depressed below the triangular, posterior interambulacrum, but flush with the lateral interambulacra. The two series of plates are nearly equal in size and number, being long and narrow in the prominent poriferous zone, shortening at both ends of this zone and Increasing rapidly in length and width immediately below it toward the ambitus from which they proceed to the peristome as greatly elongated and widened plates having their long axes in the direction of the long axis of the ambulacra! areas. Below the petaliferous zones the pores are simple, round and very close to one another; the pairs of pores are very widely separated, however, and remain thus almost to the peristome where they converge. They resemble the oores of the anterior pair of ambulacra. In the petaliferous zone the posterior series of pores is more curved than the anterior series and has longer pores on the posterior side. It begins at the occular plate with one or two pairs of small, round pores, increasing suddenly to long narrow pores which attain their greatest length in the middle end decrease to small, round pores at the end. The anterior series begins with five or six pairs of small, round pores at the end. The inner pores of both series are smaller than the outer ones, the largest pores are on the outer row of the posterior series. Their shapes are like those in the anterior ambulacra, broadly rounded on the exterior ends and attenuated on the interior ends. The interambulacral areas increase rapidly in siae from their points of origin at the genital plates to the ambitus where they decrease to the peristome. They consist of two equal series of broad, elongate plates, covered with small tubercles and thousands of minute granules. Periproct longitudinally oval to four-sided, set in an elongate depression on the obliquely truncated posterior. Peristome laterally oval, located in a very depressed area in the anterior quarter of the shell. Posterior lip higher than anterior. Contrary to d’Orbigny’s statement that the tubercles are scarce, the whole surface is thickly covered with very small, scrobiculate, mamelonate, perforate tubercles with crenulations about the maleons. The tubercles are irregularly arranged except in the triangular erea formed on the adactinal side below the periproct where they radiate in regular rows from the most convex point on the adactinal side. The spacing increases so regularly from the point of radiation that they not only appear in radiating rows, but also in e succession of arcs which diminish in length as they approach the peristome. About 2 mm. posterior to the point of radiation are two small, angular, convex points from which two series of tubercles radiate laterally and downward surrounding the other point of radiation, but continuing the regular arcs formed by the other series. The four-sided periproct lies in e depressed area with low converging ridges outlining the area. These ridges meet at the second point of radiation, just described. However, at the ambitus they form two low ansular convex areas from each of which radiate laterally a thickly crowded series of tubercles in a triangular area. A few scattered rows of less crowded tubercles radiate downward and upward. The areolae arou id all these tubercles are almost in contact, but a series of fine granules usually separates them. On the abactinal side below the poriferous zones the whole surface is covered with irregular rows of minute granules almost in contact with each other. Between the poriferous zones, in the ambulacral areas and on the adactinal side are larger and more scattered granules. The plates of the unpaired ambulacrum have two irregular, horizontal rows of tubercles. Relationships and differences: The most common Enallaster of the Glen Rose formation is £. obliquatus. Therefore, the comparison of E. texanus will be with this snecies. S. texanus is higher and narrower, less oblique in the posterior part. Both pores in each pair in the anterior row of the front paired ambulacra are nearly round, whereas the most anterior row is elongate in E. obliquatus. Dimensions: Height 2.5 cm., width 4 cm., length 4cm Occurrence: Bandera, Tex., 275 feet above the base of the Glen Rose formation. Enallaster obliquatus Clark Plate IV, Figures 16-17. Snallaster obliquatus Clark, 1893, Johns Hopkins Univ. Circ., vol. 12, No. 103, p. 52. Enallaster obliquatus Clark, 1893, U. S. Geol. Survey Bull. 97, pp. 79, 80, Pl. XL, figs. la-1. Enallaster cfr. obliquatus Bttse, 1910, Inst. Geol. de Mexico, 801. 25, p. 165, Lam XXXIX, fig. 10. Enallaster obliquatus Clark and Twitchell, 1915, U. S. Geol. Survey, 54, 1915, p. 86, Pl. XL, figs. la-1. Heterester obliquatus, Adkins, Handbook of Cretaceous Fossils, Univ, of Texas Bull. 2838, 1928, p. 287. Test elongate, oval, cordiform, convex above, slightly convex below, much lower and broader than E. texanus. Broadest back of the anterior quarter-length, highest posterior to apical system. Posterior narrow, oblique, but usually more nearly vertical than E. texanus. Apical system compact, usually showing genital pores ana madreporite distinctly, but the plates are generally indistinct. The anterior groove ’hich contains the anterior ambulacrum is usually a little broader, a little shallower and the sides are a little more gently sloping than in S. texanus. The plates are long, narrow, regular. The pore system consists of a pair of elongate, oblique pores, the outer row being made of the longest pores in the area, alternating with a pair of short, oblique pores with a tubercle between them. These pores do not line up at either margin with the other pores. The same individual variations of arrangement occur here as in £. texanus. The anterior paired ambulacra are subpetaloid and slightly deoressed. There is a low elevation between the two series of pores. The prominent poriferous zones appear to extend closer to the ambitus than they do in £. texanus. The anterior series of pores is formed of an interior row of small round pores and an exterior row of short, elongate, oblique pores, sometimes varying to round in shape. The posterior row of plates has more numerous, longer and narrower plates in the prominent poriferous zones than the anterior row. The plates become broader and longer at the point where the ambulacral area swings slightly to the posterior and increase in size and change the direction of their long axes as they approach the peristome. The pores become small, round pairs, widely separated, some pairs neer the peristome have a tubercle between them. Posterior ambulacra shorter than the anterior paired ambulacra, more nearly petal iferous, plates nearly equal in number and size in the two series, pores longer in the posterior series than in the anterior series. All rows of pores made of elongate pores which pass into pairs of round pores below the petaliferous zones. Areas slightly depressed, elevated between the series of pores, narrowed at the end of the petaliferous zones where the area flattens out, wider near the ambitus and on the adaetinal side. Plates begin to widen and finally change their long axes to the long axis of the whole area. Xnlerembulacral areas broad, thickly covered with small, perforate, mamelonate, scrobiculate, crenulate tubercles and very fine granules. Periproct oval to four-sided in a depression high up on posterior side. Peristome oval to subcircular, in a depressed area in the anterior quarter-length of the shell. Posterior lip more elevated than anterior lip. The angular prominences on the ambitus are less noticeable than in E. texanus. Most of the detailed structure, however, is identical to that of 3. texanus. Dimensions: Height 1.3 cm., width 2.47 cm., length 2.7 cm.; or height 1.57 cm., width 3.07 cm., length 3.38. Occurrence: Found in beds about 275 feet from the base of the Glen Rose formation, associated with Salenia texana; Bandera, Cranes Mill, and Fischer Store, Tex. Genus Hemiaster Desor Hemiaster whitei Clark Plale 111, Figures 12-13 Toxaster elegans Conrad, 1857, U. S. and Mex. Boundary Survey Rept., vol. 1, pt. 2, p. 146, Pl. XXI, figs la-e. Epiaster whitei Clark, 1891, Johns Hopkins Univ. Circ., vol 10, No. 87, p. 77. Epiaster whitei Clark, 1893, Johns Hopkins Univ. Circ., vol 12, No. 103, p. 52. Epiaster whitei Clark, 1893, U. S. Geol. Survey Bull. 97, pp. 82, 83, Pl. XLIII, figs. 2a-d; Pl. XLIV, figs. la-g. Bpjester hemiasterinus Cragin, 1893, Geol. Survey Texas Fourth Ann. Rept., p. 153. Epiaster whitei Cragin, 1893, Geol. Survey Texas Fourth Ann. Rept., p. 154. Epiaster herniasterihus Crag in, 1893, Colorado Coll. Studies, vol. 5, pp. 45, 47. white! Hill, 1901, U. S. Geol. Survey Twenty-first Ann. Rept., pt. 7, p. 226. Hemiaster white! Clerk and Twitchell, 1915, U. S. Geol. Survey Mon. 54, p. 89, Pl. XLIII, figs. 2a-c; Pl. XLIV, figs la-h; Pl. XLV, figs, la-d, 2a-f. determinative characters.—Test small, cordiform; upper surface convex, elevated; lower surface flat; sides inflated; apex forward of the center. Ambulacra moderately broad, petaloidal, pores with elongated openings; anterolateral pair bent slightly backward in upper part. Apical system subcentral. Peristome transversely oval. Periproct small, oval, situated high on posterior border. Dimensions.—Length 10 to 50 millimeters; width 8 to 45 millimeters; height 16 to 30 millimeters. Description.--The test is small and cordiform The upper surface is distinctly elevated, the apex occupying a point anterior to the center. The lower surface is flat with the exceotion of the anterior face and a prominent truncated surface on the posterior margin. The ambulacra are moderately broad. The poriferous zones are subpetaloidal in their upper part, but this feature does not continue to the margin. The pores in the paired ambulacra are all of about equal size and equally spaced. In the unpaired ambulacrum they are smaller and nearer together. The anterolateral pair are bent slightly backward in their upper part. They are distinctly larger then the posterolaterals. The interambulecra are prominent and the surface of the plates covered wHh minute tubercles and microscopic granules. The apical system is small, compact, and consists of four large perforated genital plates and five oculars. The peristome is transversely subpentegonal and situated near the anterior margin. The periproct is small, oval, and situated high on the truncated posterior margin. Related forms.—ln many particulars Hemiaster whitei is to be closely associated with H. elegans. It is, however, more elevated, its ambulacralfbrrows are shorter, and its periproct is differently situated. 0 Dimensions of specimen at hand: Largest specimen, height 2.3 cm., width 3.2 cm., length 3.57 cm. Occurrence: From massive beds on Guadalupe River, three miles below Cranes Mill crossing, Comal County, Tex. Hemiaster comanchei Clark Plate HI, Figures 10-11. Hemiaster comanchei Clark n. sp. Clark and Twitchell, 1915, U. S. Geol. Survey 54, p. 90, Pl. XLVI, figs. 2a-d. Hemiaster comanchei, Adkins, Handbook of Texas Cretaceous fossils, Univ, of Texas Bull. 2838, 1928, p. 299, no pl. Determinative characters.—Test small to medium size, eordiform, high, lower surface flat, sides inflated, apex forward of the center, peripetalous fascicle broad and clearly marked; ambulacra rather narrow, depressed, petaloidal, the posterolateral con siderably shorter than the anterolateral, apical system nearly central; peristome near forward margin; periproct small, high on sloping posterior surface, showing clearly from above. Dimensions.—Length 25 to 60 millimeters; width 22 to 50 millimeters; height 18 to 30 millimeters. Description.--The test of this species is small to medium sized, eordiform in ambital outline and high. The upper surface is somewhat Inflated, the lower surface nearly flat. The sides are inflated. The apex is forward of the center. The ambulacra are rather narrow and depressed, the poriferous zones petaloidal but narrow, the posterolateral pair being considerably shorter than the anterolateral. The single anterior ambulacrum in a broad, moderately depressed sulcus. The interambulacra are covered with numerous irregularly scattered granules. The peripetalous fascicles are broad and distinct, with granules scattered here and there over the surface. The apical system is nearly central on the upper surface. The peristome is transversely ovate and near the forward margin. The periproct is small, high on sloping posterior surface, and showing clearly from above. Related forms.—H. comanchei is the earliest of the Comanchean hemiasters and possesses certain generalized features which suggest that it is the ancestral form from which H. whitei, H. elegans, H. daHi, and H* calvini were derived. Locality.—Santa Monica Springs, bed of Colorado River, 10 miles west of Austin, Tex. s Dimensions of specimens at hand: Height 1.7 cm., width, 2.57 cm., length 2.7 cm. Occurrence: North east of Bandera, Tex. about 275 feet above the base of the Glen Rose formation. Sub-Kingdom Class BHACHIQPOEA Cuvier tumbril Order TSLQTRKMATA Beecher Superfamily RHY’TJH;Tt. Lt ACTA Schuchert Family RHTWmOJiKLUDAT Gray Genus Rhynchonella Fischer Rhynchonella elmondei n. ep. Flats IV, Figures 14-15. Shell medium in else, suboval, slightly wider than long, pedicelata valve more compressed then the brachial valve. Neither a deeply marked sinus nor a fold appear. The brachial valve is inflate;- and very slightly raised down the middle portion, while the pedicelate valve is slightly flattened in the corresponding area, Beak email, obtuse, sharp, incurved, perforated by a small, longitudinally ovsl foramen. The beak ridges are incurved toward the hinge margin, sharoly defined, raised slightly and separated from the hinge by a flattened ares. Both valves are covered by about 70 small, fairly regular, radial ribs. A few are dichotomous and there are also some fe* smaller Interculary ribs. On the umbonal regions they ere very fine. Numerous lines of growth cross the ribs. The margins of the shell are crenulate. Kaynehonelift almonds! rested les R. pa rviroB.tris 7 Sow. in general shape end appearance and feebleness of sinus but is more inflated and has finer, more numerous ribs. Dimensions: Length 14 mm.; width 16 mm.; thickness 8 mm. Occurrence: In the Coral reef about six miles from Fischer Store on Blanco River, Blanco County, Tex.; also at the bend of Guadalupe River, south of Spring Branch above 1100 feet contour. Rhynchonella blancoensis n. sp. Plate IV, Figures 1-3. Shell small, subtriangular, very slightly longer than wide, gently inflated. The brachial valve. The beak is elevated, prominent, acuminate, sharp, scarcely incurved. The foramen is large and deltoid in shape. The deltidium is on either side of the foramen and is produced in an irregular, tubular expansion which decreases toward the beak. The beak ridges are steep, rounded and separated from the hinge by a narrow, depressed area. Because of the very narrow beak the middle portion of the shell seems very wide. The lateral margins are short and narrowly rounded. The frontal margin is long end broadly rounded and very slightly arched upward. No sinus nor ridge Is apparent. The margins are crenulate and blunt. Both valves are marked with about 45 very fine, radiating striae, which are sometimes dichotomous. There are a few concentric lines of growth. Rhynchonella blancoensis differs from R. slmondsi in having a longer, more acuminate beak, a straighter frontal margin and fewer striae. Dimensions: Length 8.3 mm., width 8 mm., thickness, 4 mm. Occurrence: On Blanco River in the coral reef six miles from Fischer Store, Tex. Superfamily TEREBRATULACEA Waagen TEREBRATELLA Family TEREBRATELLIDAE King (emend. Beecher) Sub-family DALLININAE Beecher Genus Kingena Davidson Kingena Stafford! n. sp. Plate IV, Figures 12-13. Shell small to medium sized, oval in shape, inflated, longer than wide, inequivalve. The pedicelate valve is more inflated then the brachial valve. The lateral margins are long and arcuate. The frontal margin is short, nearly straight. There is no indication of a sinus nor of a fold. The beaks are acuminate, incurved, small, perforated by a large, round foramen which indents the apex of the beak. The deltidium is smell, bordering the sides of the foramen. The beak ridges are rounded and separated from the hinge only by a narrow, gently depressed region. The shell seems to be composed of two layers of thin shell material, the outer layer of which is very fragile. The surface is entirely covered by minute granules visible only under the lens. There is no other ornamentation besides granules and the concentric growth lines. Kingena Stafford! resembles some of the elongate 8 specimens of K. lima Defrance, but differs from it in being more depressed and in having its granules uniform in size. It differs from K. wacoensis (Roemer) in being longer in proportion to its width and in having a more acute beak. Dimensions: Length 16 mm.; width 12 mm; thickness 9mm Occurrence; Found about 323 feet above the base of the Glen Rose> four miles below Hancock on Guadalupe River. Sub-Kingdom MOLLUSCA Class PELECYPODA Goldfuss Order PRIOMODESMACEA Dall Taxodonta Neumayr (emend.) Superfamily NUCULACEA Family NUCULIDAE Adams Genus Nucula Lamarck Nucula bybeei n. sp. Plate VII, Figures 7-8. Cast small, elliptical, equivalve, very inequilateral. Beaks almost terminal, small, directed anteriorly, close together, rounded on the point, continuing the even posterior cardinal margin on the posterior side. The hinge is ercuate; no teeth can be seen. Posterior cardinal margin long, arched, high and presenting no concavity behind the beaks. Anterior cardinal margin concave, short. Anterior end thickened, narrowly rounded. Ventral margin arcuate. The posterior margin seems to have been rounded, but has been eroded in the specimen at hand. It is much higher than the anterior margin. The shell is considerably more than half as high as long. The highest portion Is about in the center of the shell. The sides are moderately inflated and the shell seems to be fairly thick throughout except for the thin posterio-ventral portion. The greatest thickness is a little above the center of the shell. The pallia! line is entire and arcuate. The posterior muscle seers are not apparent on the specimen at hana because of the demaged condition of the posterior. . The anterior muscle scars are long, lanceolate, oblique and raised on the posterior side. No ornamentation is shown on the sides of the cast. Dimensions: Height 21 mm.; length about 31 mm; width 15 mm. Occurrence: One mile East of Bendera, Tex. Superfamily ARCACEA Leshayes Family PARALLELODONTIDAE Dall Genus Cucullaea Lamarck Cucullaea terminalis Conrad Plate XXXVII, Figures 1-2. Cucullaea terminalis Conrad, 1857, Rept. U. S. and Mex. Boundary Survey, vol. 1, pt. 2, p. 148, Pl. 4, figs. 2a, b. Cuoullaea terminalls, Cragin 1893, Geol. Survey Texas Fourth Ann. Rept., p. 174, no pl. Cucullaea terminalis, Hill, 1893, Wash. Biol. Soc. Proc., vol. VIII, p. 26, no pl. Cucullaea (Idonearca) terminalis, Adkins, Handbook of Creta- ceous Fossils, Univ, of Texas Bull 2838, 1928, p. 88. Cast small to medium in size, triangular, extremely ventricose, produced posteriorly, equivalve, inequilateral. Beaks high, rounded, prominent, almost terminal, incurved, far apart. Cardinal margin slightly arcuate, greatly depressed below the beaks. Anterior margin short, slightly rounded. Ventral margin long and nearly straight. Posterior margin produced, rounded below, straight above, somewhat longer than the anterior margin. Umbonal ridge strong, oblique. Postumbonal slope wide, convex, deeply marked with the internal plait impression, abruptly truncate at the margin of the cardinal area except in the cast. Anterior cardinal margin convex near the beaks, curved inward below and produced to the angular junction of the cardinal and anterior margins. The shell is ventricose throughout, but extremely so in the posterior region. It attains its greatest width near the middle of the post-umbonal ridge. Its greatest height is at the beaks. The pellial line is distinct and entire. The muscle scars are raised. The anterior muscle scars are abruptly truncated at the cardinal area, and have a V-shaped form with curving sides and the pallial lines meet the scars at the point of the V. The posterior scars are raised but their borders are very indistinct on all the specimens at hand. The sides have a few irregular, oblique lines on them in the cast. Where the shell is replaced by sandstone the sides are lined by coarse, irregular, concentric lines. Dimensions: Height 58 mm.; length 70 mm.; width 55 mm. Occurrence: Twelve miles south of Boerne, Tex. on the 9oerne-3andera road; Cow Creek, B. M. 845, Burnet County, Tex.; one mile east of Bandera, Tex. and nine miles northwest of Bandera, Tex. on the Hansen ranch. Cucullaea gratiota Hill Plate XXXIII, Figures 1-2. Area gratiota Hill, 1888, Arkansas Geol. Survey, p. 133, Pl. IV, figs. 2,2 a. Cucullaea gratiota Hill, 1893, Biol. Soc. ash., vol. VIII, p. 25, no pl. Cucullaea gratiota, Cragin, Geol. Survey Texas Fourth Ann. Rept. 1893, p. 173, no pl. Cucullaea gratiota, Adkins, Handbook of Texas Cretaceous Fossils, Univ, of Texas Bull. 2838, 1928, p. 88. Cast smell to medium in size, equivalve, inequilateral, somewhat ventricose, short. Beaks thick, pointed, blunt, incurved, quite far apart, high and prominent. Hinge line long and gently arched, higher in the cast than in Cucullaea terminal is. Teeth characteristic of the genus. The cardinal area is quite narrow in comparison to some of the other Glen Rose Cucullaeas. The cardinal margin is long and arcuate. The anterior margin joins it at an angle and is very narrow, rounded, and proouced. Ventral margin long and arcuate. Posterior margin considerably longer than the anterior, gently curved, obliquely truncate, joining the cardinal margin at an angle. The post-umbonal ridge is strong, fairly sharp near the beaks. Anterior umbonel ridge faintly concave. Post-umbonal slope wide, convex and marked by a rather shallow internal plait impression. The shell is quite thick throughout, but does not attain the extreme ventricose condition of Cueullaea terminalis. The greatest thickness is in front of the umbonal ridges and very high on the umbones. The pallial line is entire. The muscle scars are raised, but indistinct in outline in the specimens at hand. The sides ere covered with coarse, irregular lines of growth and a few very fine, imbricate, vertical striae which are very close together. Dimensions: Small specimen, height 29 mm.; length 54 mm.; width 25 mm. Occurrence: Three miles below the big Cranes Mill spring on Guadalupe River, Comal County, Tex.; ten miles west of Boerne on the Boerne-Comfort road. Cucullaea harrisi n. sp. Plate XXXV, Figures, 1-2. Cast elongate, medium compressed, subtriangular, greatly produced posteriorly, equivalve, inequilateral. Beaks high, narrow, incurved, moderately close together,not elevated greatly above the hinge line, situated a considerable distance from the anterior margin, erect and slightly inflated, broad and blunt at the ends. Cardinal margin long and arcuate. Very extended posteriorly and sloping; short and sloping on the anterior side. Anterior margin quite thin, produced, longer than the posterior margin, rounded. Ventral margin very long, curved at the ends but straight in the middle, extremely thin and carinate. Posterior margin angular, straight above, curved below, thin, carinate except at the point where the umbonal ridge meets it. The anterior and posterior ends are quite compressed as well as the central portion of the sides. Above the middle, the shell broadens and attains its greatest thickness on the umbones. The posterior umbonal ridge is very long, sharp, and oblique. The anterior umbonal ridge is gently concave and ouite long, rhe post-umbonal slope is long, fairly wide but much narrower than that of Cucullaee gratiote and is only slightly convex. The internal plait impression is long, fairly deep, and curved slightly. The pallia! line is long, entire. The muscle scars are raised and large. The sides are marked by a few oblique, irregular striae. Dimensions: Height 53 mm., length 80 mm, width 38 mm. Occurrence: Near the big spring above Cranes Mill on Guadalupe River, Comal County, Tex. Cucullaea blancoensis n. sp. Plate XXXV, Figure 3; Plate XXXVI, Figures 1-2. Cast medium to large, equivalve, inequilateral, ex- tremely ventricose, high and subtriangular. Beaks high, erect, narrow, subcentral, inflated, bluntly pointed, incurved, far spart. Cardinal area deep and broad. Cardinal margin slightly arcuate and fairly long. Anterior margin slightly produced, short, broadly rounded and thin. Ventral margin long, arcuate, carinate. Posterior margin bluntly rounded and slightly longer than the anterior margin. The post-umbonal ridge is long, gently concave. The anterior umbonal ridge is also concave but somewhat shorter than the posterior ridge. The post-umbonal slope is broad, convex, and deeply marked by the internal plait impressions. The muscle scars are placed about midway up on this slope. The pallial line is indistinct on the specimens at hand. The shell is extremely ventricose throughout except for the thin, carinete margin. The greatest thickness is on the umbones somewhat above the miudle. Height, length and breadth about equal. Cucullaea blancoensis differs from C. terminalis in having its beaks more erect and nearer the center of the shell, in being less oblique, in having greater height and more carinate margins. Dimensions: Height 70 mm., length about 85 mm, width 85 mm. Occurrence: Shale cley bed below the Salenia texana horizon across Blanco River toward Kimberly near Pleasant Valley crossing, Hays County, Tex.; also in the creek near Cranes Mill bridge, Comal County, Tex. Cucullaea gracilis Cragin Plate XXXIV, Figures 5-6. Cucullaea gracilis Cragin, 1893, Geol. Survey Texas Fourth Ann. Rept., p. 173, no pl. Cucullaea gracilis, Adkins, Handbook of Cretaceous Fossils, Univ of Texas Bull. 2838, 1928, p. 88. Cast small, elongate, slender in outline, equivalve, inequilateral, subtriengular. Beaks almost terminal, narrow, somewhat inflated, high, erect, incurved and quits distant. Cardinal margin long, gently arched. Anterior margin short, rounded. Ventral margin long, arcuate, thin. Posterior margin short, thin, very narrowly rounded below, sloping at a low angle above. Posterior end quite thin. The lower portion of the sides is flattened, but the shell is considerably inflated on the umbones and in the anterior end. The posterior umbonal ridge is long, sharp, concave. The anterior umbonal ridge is short, very steep and quite concave in the lower portion. The post-umbonel slope is slightly convex and marked by long, deep, internal plait impressions which do not extend to the posterior margin, but stop about a quarter of an inch in front of it. The pellial line is long and entire. Posterior muscle scars rounded. Anterior muscle scars abruptly truncate along the cardinal area, V-shaped with rounded sides. Cucullaea gracilis is similar to C. terminalis but is more slender and more elongate. The umbonal slope is more concave longitudinally and the beaks are lower and not quite so terminal. Dimensions: Height 35 mm., length 55 mm., width 32 mm. Occurrence: Fischer Store-Crenes Mill road, 3.9 miles from Fischer Store. Family ARCIDAS Lam. Genus Area Area texana (Roemer) Plate IV, Figures 10-11. Cypricardia texana Roemer 1852, Die Kreidebildungen von Texas, p. 50, Pl. VI, fig. 1. Cypricardia texana, Adkins, Handbook of Cretaceous Fossils, Univ, of Texas Bull. 2838, 1928, p. 162. Cast elongate, trapezoid, small, equivalve, inequilateral. Umbones anterior, small, rounded on the anterior side, angular and truncated on the posterior side. Beaks separated and only slightly incurved and acuminate. Cardinal area lanceolate, having its greatest expanse on the posterior side. It is distinctly separated from the post-umbonal slope by the ligamentary grooves which come together at the hinge line, forming V-shaped petterns. The most posterior groove is the deepest end longest, while the grooves on the anterior side of the cardinal area are shortest and faintest. The hinge is long and straight. Faint indications of the bottoms of the taxodont teeth at the ends of the ligamentary grooves can be seen on most of the specimens at hand. The narrowly rounded anterior margin joins the hinge line with a rounded obtuse angle and continues its curvature into the long, arcuate ventral margin. The angle between the ventral margin and the posterior margin is quite sharp and acute. The posterior margin is streight, sloping and carinate. The post-umbonal slopes are wide, concave and together form a heart-shaped area bounded by the long, arcuate and decidedly carinate umbonal ridges which extend from the points of the beaks to the acute postero-ventral angle. The shell tapers gradually from about the middle to the postero-ventral angle and tapers more abruptly to the anterior margin. The greatest diameter is on the umbonal ridge slightly posterior and dorsal to the center of the shell. The greatest height is at the beaks. At the posterior end of the umbonal margin the shell is only slightly greater in height than at the anterior end. The sides are not inflated, only gently convex. The ornamentation consists of irregularly spaced growth lines and very fine radial striae which are close together and, on the post-umbonal slope, are distinguished from the ligamentary grooves only by their smaller size and the deep ligamentary groove which separates the two series of lines. The pallial line is distinct and entire. Roemer describee this species as Cypricardia texana and mentions that it might be an Arcs. Apparently his specimens did not show the ligamentary grooves and the impressions of the taxodont teeth which certainly place it in the family Arcidae and probably in the genus Area. Dimensions: Height 12 mm., length 20 mm., width 1 mm. Occurrence: One mile east of Bandera, Tex. Area simondsi n. sp. Plate XXXII, Figures 1-2. Cast very large, elongate, slender, equivalve, inequilateral. Beaks very high and narrow, almost terminal, slightly incurved, broad and blunt at the tips, slightly inflated. Cardinal area low, broad, deeply marked with ligamental grooves. Hinge line long, straight, slightly arched, marked throughout its entire extent by zigzag lines which are the impressions of the lower side of the articulated taxodont teeth. The hinge extends along almost the entire length of the cardinal margin and is about 45 mm. long. The anterior margin is short, produced slightly, fairly thin and rounded. The ventral margin is very long, nearly straight or slightly arched in some specimens, very thin end carinate. The posterior margin is long, sloping, produced, rounded below, straight above and appears to have a depression just below the muscle scar. It likewise is thin. The ends of the shell are thin and somewhat attenuated. The lower portion of the sides is compressed. The upper portion is quite inflated and the greatest thickness is attained on the umbones above the middle of the shell. The post-umbonal ridges are lonpr, oblique and gently concave. The post-umbonal slope is long; quite wide; convex above; concave below, especially at the large, circular, depressed muscle scars. Posterior to the center of the seers there is an arcuate ridge which bends outward and extends across the scars. The anterior umbonal ridge is nearly vertical, but becomes slightly concave near its lower portion where it bends outward to the anterior margin. The anterior muscle scars are large, subcircular, raised on the anterior side end deeply depressed on the posterior side. They are situated at the junction of the cardinal and anterior margins. The pallial line is long, entire and broadly curved at the posterior end and meets the muscle scars in the center of their ventral sides. The sides of the shell are marked by very irregular, high, oblique lines. One line on each side extends down obliquely from the upper portion of the umbones and appears like a ridge. Area simondsi was first regarded as a Cucullaea because of its general shape, but the extremely long hinge line with the zigzag teeth throughout its whole length and the lack of internal plait grooves distinguish it from Cucullaea. Dimensions: Height 65 mm., length about 100 mm., width 55 mm. Occurrence: Bandera County, on roed between Bluff and Medina; also on Guadalupe River near Cranes Mill, Comal County, Tex. Schizodonta Steinmann (emend.) Superfamily PTKRIACEA Dall Family PERNIDAE Zittel Genus Perna Brug. Perna ellisorae n. sp. Plate XVI, Figures 9-10. Cast small, suboval, short. Beaks small, not prominent, excentric. The cardinal area is long, wide, obliquely sloping and attenuated in the posterior portion. The anterior and posterior margins are practically vertical and nearly parallel, but the former is considerably longer than the latter. The ventral margin is narrowly rounded end thin. The greatest thickness is in the umbonal region near the beaks. The cast is so very poorly preserved that little can be said of it. Even the ligamentary grooves so characteristic of the genus are not distinctly visible. Dimensions: Height 29 mm., length 19 mm., width 16 mm. Occurrence: Cranes Mill-Fischer Store road in cal- careous clays, 177 to 182 feet above the base of the Glen Rose. Superfamily OSTRACSA Goldfuss Family OSTREIDAE Lamarck Genus Ostrea Linn. Ostrea plummeri n. so. Plate V, Figures 1-2. Shell moderate in size, nearly as long as high, inequilateral, inequivalve, suboval. Beaks prominent, bluntly pointed, directed anteriorly. Lower valve showing a large irregular area of attachment across the umbonel region. Ligamental fossette wide, deep, curved forward, marked by rough, transverse lines. The anterior side is broadly rounded. Ventral margin rounded but much narrower than the lateral margins. Posterior margin similar to the anterior margin, but longer and less curved. Central portion of the shell high, flattened and wide, sloping steeply to the anterior, posterior and ventral margins, but rising gradually to the high, thick, umbonal region. No markings can be seen on the surface except the rough, concentric layers of shell material. The upper valve is convex in the center, but arched near the beaks, warped, fairly thin and somewhat smaller than the lower valve. The surface is covered with concentric rings. The fossette is drawn into a long, drooping point on either end, wide in the middle and at the beak on the anterior side. At the middle, the fossette sags downward and inward into a short, prominent tongue-like projection. The muscle scars are excentric end below the middle of the shell. That of the lower valve is transversely oval and deeply depressed. That of the upper valve is subcircular and depressed with a rim around its borders. Dimensions: Height 95 mm., length 75 mm., width at umbones 40 mm. Occurrence; Gypsum Bluff on lAttle Missouri River near Murfreesboro, Ark. Ostrea tuckerae n. sp, Plate VI, Figures 3-4. Shell small, quite long in proportion to the height, ventricose, oval in outline. Only the lower valve is present. Beak very prominent, narrow, bluntly pointed, directed downward. Anterior margin broadly rounded. Ventral margin rounded but quite narrow, posterior margin similar to the anterior margin in length and shape. Central portion irregularly elevated in a large hump across the middle of the shell. Between this hump and the benk there io a crescentic depressed area. The shell drops steeply eway from the humn on all sides. The surface is covered with irregular, concentric lines. On the inside the shell if? smooth but very Irregular end deep. The muscle seer is semicircular end near the postero-vantrel margin The shell is prolonged into a deep pit under the beaks. The groove la long, fairly deep and slightly bent to the posterior. Dimensions: height 28 m., length 22 mm., width 12 mm Occurrence: Glen Rose at Gypsum Bluff near yurfrees boro, Ark. Ostree sallardsi n. sp. Plate VII, Figure 3. Only ® lover valve of this pretty little fossil is present. Shell samll, thin, suboval, long near the ventral margin, high. Beak narrow, Irregular in shape from the cm 11 attachment on the unbone 1 end. The margins are very irregular. The anterior margin is somewhat curved while the posterior margin Is nearly straight. The ventral margin is quite broad and rounded. The central portion of the shell is raised with a strong radial carina from which the shell slopes gently to each side. The whole surface is covered with strong, sharp, imbricate, carinate, racial ribs—about 12 in number. The Inner surface is ao covered by hard limestone, which could be removed only at the expense of destroying the shall, that little is known of it. Enough limestone was removed, however, to show that the interior is smooth and not denticulate as an Aleetryonla would be. Ostree seilardsi beers some resemblance to 0. Beyle, but the plications are more nearly straight in 0. 9 eellardsi. ‘ Dimensions: Height 40 am., length 22 mm. naer the ventral margin, width about 4 mm. near the beaks. Occurrence: About 375 feat above the base of the Glen Rose. So location was given on the label. Genus Exogyra Say Exogyra weatherfordensis Cragin Plate VI, Figure 5-6. Exogyra weatherfordensis Cragin, 1893, Geol. Survey of Texas Fourth Ann. Rept., A Contribution to the Invertebrate Paleontology of Texas, pp. 18S-189, Pl. XLV, figs. 7-10. Exogyra weatherfordensis, Adkins and Winton, Univ, of Texas Bull. 1945, 1919, p. 65, Pl. XIII, figs 11-14. Exogyra weatherfordensis, Adkins, Handbook of Texas Cretaceous Fossils, Univ, of Texas Bull. 2838, 1928, p. 114. Exogyra weatherfordensis, BOse, On a new F.xogyra from the Del Rio Clay (etc.), Univ, of Texas Bull, 1902, p. 5, Pl. 1 figs. 1-2. Shell small, subovate, compressed, short, high, inequivalve, inequilateral. Beaks twisted and very compressed. Lower valve carinate near the anterior side. Anterior margin long, curved, irregularly notched by the ends of the short, tubular ribs that radiate downward from the carina. Posterior side very concave and according to Cragin marked by delicate, concentric plications. This marking is not apparent on the specimens at hand. Posterior margin thin, irregular, curved in ward. Ventral margin narrow, rounded lobate, irregular. Muscle scars excentric. Top valve flattened to concave, thin on the posterior side, but considerably thickened on the anterior side, where it also is plicated to fit the notched margin of the lower valve. The surface is covered with imbricate, concentric growth lines and a few short discontinuous radial lines which cross the growth lines and form a granular condition. Beak very flattened. Dimensions: Height 32 mm., length 20 mm., width along the upper portion of the carina 8 mm., thickness on the posterior margin 3 mm. Occurrence: Upper Glen Rose, Jollyville-Anderson Mill road, Travis County, Tex.; Valley-View-Cranes Mil road, Comal County, Tex. Wxogyra guadalupae n. sp Plate XI, Figure 1; Plate XII, Figure 3. Shell very large, exceedingly high and thick, inequivalve, inequilateral. Left beak only slightly twisted, quite large and bluntly pointed. Lower valve very greatly inflated, wide near the ventral margin, sometimes having a long, curved, broad ridge which extends from the beaks down the central portion of the shell and disappearing near the middle. Anterior border long, curved. Ventral border short, rounded. Posterior border flared below and incurved above. Surface msrked by very coarse, rough, imbricate, concentric lines of growth. Shell quite thick in the anterior portion, but fairly thin on the ventral margin. Upper valve flattened or slightly concave, subovate, thin except for the anterior umbonal region. Beak small, twisted, bluntly pointed. Surface marked by coarse, rough, imbricate, concentric lines. Muscle scar central. Ligemental fossette forming a wide, curved groove between the ridge and the edge of the shell. On account of its size 31xogyra guadalupae resembles j£. emeriesne var. quitmanensis found in the Quitman mountains, but the specimens at hand are not Dxogyra emericane. They differ from it in shape and possess no carina on the anterior side, but only en inconstant elevated region slightly posterior to the center. Dimensions: Height about 210 mm., length about 140 mm., greatest width 2.5 to 3 inches below the beaks about 65 mm. Occurrence: Lower Glen Rose at Demijohn Bend on Guadalupe River, Comal County, Texas. It is said to be found also in the Quitman Mountains in West Texas. Also in bluffs along Guadalupe River below Cranes Mill and in other sections of the Glen Rose in Comal County, Tex. Exogyra hancockensis n. sp. Plate VI, Figures 1-2. Shell oval to subcircular, moderately large, thick, inequivalve, inequilateral. Lower valve considerably inflated on the anterior side. Beaks twisted and low. Anterior margin greatly curved and long. Ventral margin broadly rounded, short. Posterior margin often quite short, but sometimes long and arcuate. There is a high, rounded or sometimes sharp carina which curves around the interior side of the shell from the beaks to the postero-ventral border. It rises to a considerable height in the middle or slightly below the middle and descends rapidly to the margin. The shell is greatly thickened along the carina. The surface of the shell is rough, but no lines are apparent on any of the specimens at hand. The interior is very smooth but irregular. The pallial line is clearly marked with regular crenulations. The anterior side is deepened and the posterior side is high. The muscle scar is excentric. The upper valve is oval and flatteneo but often quite elevated on the anterior side. Posterior side sometimes slightly concave. The surface is covered with concentric lines. The interior is irregular but very smooth. The crenulate pallial line is distinct and can be seen on the high rounded, anterior margin. The muscle scar is longitudinal, oval, irregular, deepened and marked with concentric lines. Ligamental fossett in both valves long, shallow end twisted. Dimensions: Height 115 mm., length 70 mm., width on anterior side 65-70 mm., on the posterior side from 10 mm. at the postero-ventral margin to 35 mm. at the beaks. Occurrence; Three miles below Cranes *.<ill Crossing on Guadalupe River; also on Cranes Mill-Hancock Road, about 225 feet above the base of the Glen Rose, Comal County, Tex. Genus Alectryonia Fischer Alectryonia alternans (Cragin) Plate VII, Figures 1-2. Ostrea alternans Cragin, 1893, Geol. Survey of Texas, A Contribution to the Invertebrate Paleontology of Texas, p. 198, no. pl. Alectryonia alternans, Adkins, Handbook of Cretaceous Fossils, Univ, of Texas Bull. 2838, 1928, p. 103. Shell moderately small, subtriangular, quite thin, inequivslve, inequilateral. Beaks bluntly pointed, low, erect, prominent. Lower valve with very deeply notched margins. Anterior and posterior margins similar, but the posterior is flared outward more than the anterior margin. Ventral margin quite wide in comparison to the beaks. The entire surface is covered by about eight radiate-plicate ribs. They are high, carinate and very irregularly spaced. In the specimen at hand four of these ribs are on the posterior side with one very close to the beaks. On the inside the ribs form deep depressions on the ventral margin and shallower depressions along the other margin. The shell is deep, muscle scar excentric. The ligamental fossette is small and narrow. The upper valves are thinner than the lower valve, flattened, plicate only near the edges. Dimensions: Height 70 mm., length 56 mm., width 25 mm Occurrence: 225 feet above the base of the Glen Rose 1.5 miles west of Fischer Store, Comal County, Tex.; also at Cow Creek, B. M. 845, Burnet County, Tex. Alectryonia comalensis n. sp. Plate V, Figures 3-4. Only the lower valve is present in the material at hand. Shell sub-oval, thick, moderate in size. Beak known only from the lower side; erect, wide, blunt, low. The outer surface is covered with about fourteen radiate-plicate ridges which ere carinate, high, narrow and strong in the center of the shell, but weak on the posterior side. Due to another Qstrea covering the anterior side as well as the upper portion of the shell nothing definite can be said about the ribs on the anterior side except that the anterior margin is deeply denticulate, which would indicate strong ribs at least near the margin. In the center of the shell the ribs begin to diminish in size. Near the margin there are a few short, small ribs. On the anterior side there appears to be an elevated ridge-like area. A deep depression on the anterior side of the internal view bears out the indication of the anterior ridge. The margins are deeply denticulate and the denticulations are wide, rounded, and smooth. The anterior margin is long and rounded, very steeply sloping down from the ridge. Ventral border broadly rounded. Posterior margin rounded out 8 little more than the anterior margin. The posterior side is low. Shell quite long in the ventral region. Inside fairly shallow except for a crescent-shaped area on the anterior side. Muscle scar very large, suboval, curved at the top. Cardinal area very broad. Ligamental fossette wide, shallow, long. Alectryonia comalensis resembles A. alternans in its ribs but they are more numerous, not so high and the interspaces are not so wide as in A. alternans. The shell is thicker and wider, especially in the cardinal area. The margin in A. comalens is is not so broken up. Dimensions: Height 88 mm., length 65 mm., width 30 mm on the antero-ventral margin, 5 mm. on the postero-ventral margin. Occurrence: Lower Glen Rose at Demijohn Bend of Guadalupe River, Comal County, Tex. Superfamily TRIGONIACEM Bronn Family TRIGONIIDAE Lamarck Genus Trigonia Brug. Trigonia wendleri n. sp. Plate XXIII, Figure 4. Trigonia aliformis, Roemer, Texas, p. 404, 1849 Trigonia crenulate, Roemer, Die Kreid. von Texas, p. 51, Pl. VII, figs. 6, 1852. Trigonia crenulate, Shumard, Expl. Red River, La., by R. B. p. 206, pl. 4, fig. 1. Wash., 1853, B. F. Shumard. Trigonia crenulate, Hill, 1893, Washington Biol. Soc. Proc., vol. 8, p. 27, Pl. 111, fig. 4. Trigonia crenulate, Adkins, Handbook of Cretaceous Fossils, (Jniv. of Texas Bull. 2838, 1928, p. 120. Cast moderately small, subtriangular, equivalve, inequilateral. Beaks anterior, quite terminal, blunt, slightly distant, directed posteriorly, erect. Anterior margin quite high and obliquely truncate. Anterior end very broad, tapering abruptly to the keel-like margin. Ventral margin very broadly curved, swinging downward abruptly on the anterior end and rising gradually to the small, attenuated posterior margin which also is obliquely truncated, but very much smaller and thinner than the anterior end. The posterior cardinal margin is high, carinate and only very slightly sloning. Umbonal ridge long, arcuate, bending downward in the middle but rising to the posterior end of the shell. Post-umbonal slopes wide, concave, broken by carinae which run from the beaks down to the sharply carinate posterior portion of the cardinal margin. The posterior muscle scars high on the post-umbonal slope, slightly posterior to the center of the cardinal margin. They are subcircular in shape and raised. The surface of the shell is ornamented with 20 radiating, crenulate ribs. These ribs swing posteriorly near the cardinal margin, but curve so that they are directed anteriorly along the ventral rargin. They are quite high and close together near the cardinal margin. Near the ventral margin they spread out considerably and indent the margin. The crenulations are quite coarse and rounded, evenly spaced. On the post-umbonal slope the markings are complicated and very poorly preserved on all the specimens at hand. On the outer slope the ribs appear to bend slightly to the posterior and join, at the carina, other ribs which proceed anteriorly to the cardinal margin. Roemer called this species Trigonie. crenulate, but in comparing his picture and the specimens at hend with d’Orbigny’s figure of T. crenulate several noticeable differences have been 10 observed. First of all there are many more ribs on T. crenulate and the crenulations seem to be more numerous. The post-umbonal margin is more sloping ©nd much lower than the beaks st the posterior end than is that of T. wendleri. The posterior portion of the post-umbonal slope is wider in T. crenulate and the lower exterior portion of the post-umbonal slope is not marked by ribs as in T. wendleri. Also the poster! or muscle scar differs in shepe and position. That of T. crenulata is more elongate, truncate on the anterior end, pointed on the posterior end and is directed down the postumbonal slope, whereas that of T. wendleri is subcircular and directed obliquely across the umbonal slope. Dimensions: Height 25 mm., length 40 mm., width 21 mm. The specimen measured was small but in a better state of preservation than the larger specimens. Occurrence: Near Lohmann Ford of Colorado River, Travis County, Tex. Trigonia whitneyi Sendler n. n. Plate XXIII, Figures 1-2. Cast moderately small, subtrisngular, equivalve, inequilateral, ventricose. Beaks small, close together, very close to the anterior end, directed posteriorly, incurved and pointed. Posterior cardinal margin long and arcuate, high on the anterior end, sagged in the middle and raised at the posterior end, zigzag at the carination. Anterior margin very truncate, oblique and quite high. Ventral margin broadly rounded, rising gradually to the narrow, truncated posterior end. The sides are marked with about 20 high, rounded, narrow, crenulate ribs separated by wide concave grooves. The ribs swing posteriorly near the umbonal slope but bend gently toward the anterior in the ventral region. The Granulations are fairly coarse, regular, and cross the ribs as short, rounded ridges, which give the ribs the appearance of being ropes that extend down over the sides of the shell. Between the ribs can be seen irregular lines of growth. The outer edge of the umbonal slope is rounded and crossed by numerous short, narrow, vertical ridges, usually three to four between each rib. 'The post-umbonal slope is trough-like, concave in the middle, rising at both ends and along the sides. Crossing this area are sharp, narrow, straight ridges separated by concave troughs four to five times as wide as the ridges. The troughs are about equal in width to the dorsal ends of the troughs between the radial ribs which cover the sides, but the latter widen greatly in the ventral portion. The post-umbonal ridges from both sides of the shell alternate along the umbonal margin and cause the zigzag appearance of the margin. There seems to be no wide exterior umbonal slope area as in other species, but the rounded outer margin marked by fine ridges and often accompanied by a narrow parallel trough on its inner edge takes the place of the wide exterior area normally present in Trigonia whitneyi bears a striking resemblance to T. 11 llmbata d'Orbigny, but differs in having fewer ribs, more marked crenulations and a different type of marking on the postumbonal slope. Trlgonia whitneyi was described and named by A. Wendler in an unpublished paper. Dimensions: Height about 35 mm., length about 55 mm., and width about 29 mm. No exact dimensions can be given because of the state of preservation and the fact that most of the specimens are at least partially if not almost entirely irn bedded in sandstone. Occurrence: Lower Glen Rose at B. M. 845, Cow Creek, Burnet County, Tex. Trigonia gordoni Wendler n. n. Plate XXIII, Figures 3. Cast large, subtriangular, equivalve, inequilateral, quite compressed. Beaks terminal, small, blunt, tangent. Posterior cardinal margin too poorly preserved in the specimens at hand to characterize beyond the fact that it is sloping and very long. The anterior margin is high, broadly rounded, truncated. Anterior end quite thick but somewhat thinner than the middle of the shell. The ventral margin is long, arcuate, and thin. The posterior margin is fairly wide and bluntly rounded. The posterior end is quite thin. The sides of the shell ere quite compressed and are only gently convex. They are decorated with long curving rows of large, rounded, circular or elliptical tubercles. On the wide post-umbonel slope these tubercles seem to be small and scattered. In the central portion of the sides the tubercles are generally circular, but a few lengthen vertically. They are irregular in size and somewhat Irregular in position. Along the margins they ere greatly elongated transversely, crowded, and very irregular in size and position. Between the tubercles are fine, irregular, imbricate, contorted lines of growth. Trigonia gordoni has a greet in common with T. daedala Park but differs in shape and does not appear to have the nodular tubercles on the area. It is possible that T. gordoni is the same as or at least closely related to T. taffl Cragin, for it seems to fit the description of T. taffi in many respects, but since Cragin did not figure it, the relationship can not definitely be established. Trigonia gordoni wes named and described by A. Wendler in an unpublished paper. Dimensions: Height ebout 75 mm., length 95 mm., width 37 mm. Occurrence: Lower Glen Rose at B. M. 845, Cow Creek, Burnet County, Tex. IBODONTA Fischer Superfamily PECTINACEA Reeve Family PECTINIDAE Lamarck Genus Hinnites Defrance Hinnites texana n. sp. Plate IX, Figures 1-2. Shell moderate to large in size, suborbicular, in- equivalve, almost equilateral, height and length about equal, quite thick near the top. Right valve distorted from attachment to objects, somewhat convex. Left valve unknown. Beak inconspicuous. Hinge long, straight, equal to the length of the shell. Ligamental groove fairly shallow and long. The right ear is protuberant and rounded, extending slightly out beyond the anterior side. The wing is variable but does not extend out as far as the posterior side. In one specimen it slopes obliquely down from the hinge line, whereas in another specimen it drops perpendicularly from the hinge line. The fossette is triangular end narrow. On the wing and ear there are transverse striae which are very small and regular. The wing and ear are separated from the rest of the shell by two depressions, which show as ridges on the interior of the shell. In the younger stages the shell must have been covered only with fine radial striae which appear in the upper portion of the shell ana which are clearly separated from the rest of the shell by a deep, wide, arcuate depression on the interior. Slightly subcentral and a little to the posterior there is a deeper, round depression which projects up into the rreuate depression. This is probably the muscle scar. Another arcuate depression is present near the margins of the shell. From the upper depression radiate wide, irregular, high ridges—about 12 to 18 in number, depending upon the size of the shell. Sometimes these are bifurcate and often are separated by enormously wide depressions and again the depressions may be narrow. These ribs are very faint below the first deep depression but attain great development below the second depression. The margin of the shell is strongly undulating. The exterior has 8 lerge, rugged mass from the umbones past the middle of the shell. Below this amorphous mass which marks the point of attachment there radiate the strong ribs which are crossed by numerous, undulating, fine lines of growth which present a layered appearance. Dimensions: Height 57 mm., length 64 mm. One specimen which is badly damaged on dorsal and ventral side has a length of about 105 mm. Occurrence: In massive limestone beds on Guadalupe River 3 miles below the big spring near Cranes Mill. Also found on the Guadalupe in © thick clay bed about 195 feet above the base of the Glen Rose and in the basal massive beds in Demijohn Bend on the Guadalupe. Hinnites guadalupae n. sp. Plate X, Figure 2. Most of the specimens at hand present only exterior views or only the lower edge of the interior. The shell is large, massive, ovate, inequivalve, almost equilateral and much higher than long. Right valve convex, attached by a large irregular portion of the shell in the umbonal region. Left valve flattened, slightly convex. The valves ©re quite thin at the ventral margin but soon thicken enormously. They consist of numerous layers of calcareous material. Beaks inconspicuous. Hinge long, straight, less than half the length of the shell. The wings ere depressed. The ear and wing appear to be somewhat similar, sloping obliquely to the hinge line from the gently rounded side. There seems to be no protuberance of either. The posterior and anterior margins of the shell are long and arcuate. The ventral margin is more narrowly rounded than the other margins. The exterior is ornamented with numerous coarse, irregular radiating ribs between which the depressions are slightly wider than the ribs and sometimes contain a small, low rib in the center. The edges of the layers of shell material project at the undulating growth lines. Deep arcuate depressions occur at irregular intervals over the surface of the shell and a few blunt, spine-like projections of shell materials protrude on the ribs where the numerous fine, irregular growth lines cross them. The margins of the shell are only slightly undulating. While the exterior of the shell is exceedingly rough, the interior is quite smooth, but irregular, and it also presents very little indication of the ribs which ere so prominent on the exterior. Hinnites guadalupae resembles H. Favrinus Pictet and Roux figured by H. Woods in the Paleontographical Society paper, London, 1903, vol. LVII, pt. V., p. 220-222, figs. 6, 7. It is shorter in proportion to its height than JH. Favrinus, however, and its ribs have a slightly different appearance. The European species was collected from the Aptian. It is interesting to note that Hinnites guadalupae is found only in that part of the Glen Rose which might be regarded as Aptian in age; and its range extends from near the base of the formation up to the limestone beds which we locally call the Key Rock or Salenia texana horizon, 275 feet to 290 feet above the base of the formation and possibly marking the transition between the Aptian and Albian in Texas. H. guadalupae has not been found above this bed. This fact helps to substantiate the belief that the Aptian does not extend above the Salenia tex&na horizon which is lower than middle Glen Rose. H. guadalupae differs from H. texana in having smooth interior, smeller and more numerous ribs and in being higher than long. Dimensions: Holotype, height 100 mm., length 85 mm. A paratype, height 125 mm., length 115 mm. Occurrence: Basal Glen Rose 3 miles below Cranes Mill on Guadalupe River, Comal County, Tex.; 275 feet above the base of the formation on the Cranes Mill-New Braunfels road west of Tom Creek, Comal County, Tex. Genus Neithea Drouet Neithea irregularis (Bdse) Plate XXXI, Figures 1-2. Vola irregularis BtJse, 1910, Institute Geol. de Mexico, Boletfn 25, pp. 97-98, Lam. 15, figs. 10-18. Neither irregularis, Kniker, Comancheen and Cretaceous Pectinidae of Texas, Univ, of Texas Bull. 1817, 1918, pp. 18-19, Pl. 11, Figs.,l-6. Pecten irregularis, Adkins and Winton 1919, Univ, of Texas Bull. 1945, p. 67, Pl. 11, figs. 11-15. Pecten irreguleris, Winton, W. M., The Geology of Denton County, Univ, of Texas Bull. No. 2544, 1925, p. 48, pl. 10, fig. 8. Pecten (Neithea) irregularis, Adkins, Handbook of Cretaceous Fossils, Univ, of Texas Bull. 2838, 1928, p. 125, Pl. XVII, fig. 8. Shell generally small, high, narrow in the umbonal region, expanded in the ventral region, hinge straight, ears moderately large, beak incurved, ventral margin polygonal and deeply scalloped between the large ribs, Inequivalve, almost equilateral. Right valve very convex, ornamented with 16 principal ribs which radiate from the narrow beak. The ribs are rounded on top, high and narrow. They are separated by narrower, concave grooves. Every third rib is slightly raised above the ) others and is broader and is separated by wider grooves, which, however, may contain a narrow secondary rib, lower than the other ribs and cro ! ded close to the large ribs. These secondary ribs are irregular in their occurrence and sometimes are absent altogether, while often, as in the specimens at hand, they bound each large rib. Usually, however, they occur by the side of one or two of the ribs and ere absent from the others. Miss Hedwig Knlker, who studied a large number of specimens, found that the secondary ribs occurred most frequently on each side of the second and fourth raised ribs. Bdse observed some specimens with secondary ribs on the areas, but this is not known to occur on the Texas specimens. The left valve is quite deeply concave and is ornamented with 16 principal, radiating ribs which correspond to the principal ribs of the right valve. The ribs are very narrow, sharp but rounded on top and are separated by wide grooves corresponding to the wide ribs of the opposite valve. Where there is- e secondary rib on the right valve, there is a twin rib opposite it on the left valve. This causes the distribution of ribs on the left valve to be irregular also. Both valves are crossed by numerous fine, regularly concentric growth lines. Affinities: This species is closely related to N. subalpina (Bdse), and belongs to the group of 1- Alpina (d’Orb.). There are clear distinctions between N. irregularis and N. subalpina. The former is higher, shorter and less convex than the latter. The secondary ribs and their irregular distribution so characteristic of N. irregularis are never found in N. subelpina. In addition the ribs are more triangular, and there is less difference in their height in N. irregularis. There are also marked differences in the left valves. N. irregularis has sharp, triangular ribs, whereas N. subalpina has rounded ones. Besides, N. subalpina never has the double ribs that are found distributed in an irregular manner on N. irregularis. Dimensions: Height 24 mm., length 20 ram., width 8 mra. Occurrence: Common in lower anu middle Glen Rose, abundant in Comal and Travis counties; found in the Salenia texana horizon. Genus Pecten Holler Pecten stantoni Hill Plate XXXI, Figure 3. Pecten stantoni Hill, Washington Biol. Soc. Proc., 1893, vol. 8, p. 24, pl. 2, figs. 3,3 a. Pecten (Chlamys) stantoni, Adkins, Handbook of Cretaceous Fossils, Univ, of Texas Bull. 2838, 1928, p. 123, no pl. Shell medium in size, compressed, equivalve, almost equilateral, very thin and fragile. Ventral margin broadly rounded. Hinge straight. Right ears rugose, large, marked by deep grooves extending obliquely downward from the beaks. Wing small, sloping obliquely away from the umbonal region. Beaks small, not prominent, narrow, rounded. Right valve slightly convex, but more compressed than the left. Markings on both valves similar; consisting of long, narrow, flattened, bifurcated ribs—about 20 in number, with the grooves running throughout their entire length. On either side of the primary ribs are minute ribs. Alternating with each primary rib is a smaller, slightly rounded secondary rib. The interspaces are quite narrow. Along the sides a crenulate condition occurs where the shell is raised at the point where each growth line crosses the ribs. Pecten stantoni is similar to P. bonnellensis Kniker, but differs from it in having a more regular arrangement of alternating ribs and in possessing the minute ribs and bifurcated primary ribs. Also it is approximately as long as high, whereas P. bonnellensisis considerably higher than long. Dimensions: Height 45 mm., length about 45 mm., width 12 mm. Occurrence: Common in the lower end middle Glen Rose Found on the Fischer Store-Pleasant Valley road at the crossing of Blanco River; ten miles from Kendalia on the Roerne- Kendalia road; on Guadalupe River at Cranes Mill. Pecten guadalupensis Ries n. n. Plate XXX, Figure 1. Shell moderate to very large in size, equivalve, almost equilateral, compressed. Height and length nearly equal. Beaks small, low, rounded, and pointed, not prominent. Hinge line straight. Ear large and prominent, rugose, marked by a broad, triangular depression. sing also large. Ventral margin arcuate ana scalloped. Both valves slightly convex and marked by 14 to 16 large, strong, regular, radiating ribs. The ribs ere rounded, greatly elevated and somewhat narrowed above the middle of the shell. The intercostal spaces are very wide—at least twice the width of the ribs. There are numerous coerse, wavy lines of growth crossing the ribs. The ears are marked with fine, transverse, irregular striae. This species was described and named by Liss dinette Ries in an unpublished paper. Dimensions: Height 95 mm., length 92 mm. Occurrence: Basel Glen Hose, Rebecca Creek; on Blanco River at Pleasant Valley crossing, Hays County, Tex. Pecten (1) bramletti n. sp. Plate XXXX, Figure 4. Shell small, compressed, distinguished by a very peculiar marking. Spiny ridges extend obliquely downward from the umbonal region toward the lower anterior portion of the shell. The spines are numerous and close together, small, and low. The ribs are close together on the posterior side but become increasingly farther epart toward the anterior edge. Several noticeable concentric growth lines cross the ribs. Between each two ribs there are three to four fine, imbricate, rounded ribs which run obliquely toward the posterior and disappear at the larger ribs which are directed anteriorly. The fine ribs are also broken at the growth lines. There is very little of the shell present and it is doubtful whether or not it is a Pecten, but the two converging sets of oblique striations were so unusual that the fossil is worthy of some recognition. There seems also to be a small wing on the anterior side of the shell, which would indicate its relationship to the Pectinidae. Dimensions: Height 20 mm., length 18 mm. Occurrence: Basal Glen Rose on Guadalupe River near Cranes Mill, Comal County, Tex. Family SPONDYLIDAE Fleming Genus Plicatula Lamarck Plicatula parkerae n. sp. Plate IV, Figure 4. Only the left valve is present in the materiel at hand and it is so imbedded in limestone that not all of the characters can be seen. Shell very small, thin, flattened end shield shaped. The beak is very small and low, slightly protuberant in the center of the umbonal margin, which is nearly equal on either side of the beak. The posterior margin is quite evenly rounded, but the anterior margin is irregular, almost straight for a considerable distance in the middle portion of its extent, curved on the ventral end and forming b small, wing-like protuberance near the umbonal margin. Ventral margin narrowly rounded. The shell is high, narrow in the ventral portion, and wide in the umbonal region. The surface is covered by about 20 fine, long, wavy ribs which radiate from the umbonal region. The interspaces are usually from 1-1/2 to 3 times as wide as each rib. No internal structure can be seen. Dimensions; Height 8 mm., length near the beaks 7 mm., near the ventral margin 2 mm. Occurrence: Salenia texana horizon, Cranes Mill- Fischer Store road, Comal County, Tex. Spondylus olsenae n. sp. Plate VII, Figure 4-6. Shell small, narrow, conical, very inequivalve, almost equilateral. The right valve is greatly produced above the left valve. The beak is high, blunt, and rounded. The entire central portion of the right valve is very elevated and rounded. The flanks along the central ridge are flattened and steeply sloping toward the sides. The upper portion of the right valve is very narrow, but the lower portion is quite expanded. The hinge area is large, triangular, and slightly depressed. The whole shell is covered with small, fairly regular, radii? 1 ribs which are close together and covered with email spines. The left valve is compressed end almost flat. The beak is slightly rounded and convex, while the ventral margin is somewhat concave to fit into the central ridge on the opposite valve The inequality in the size of the valves and the flatness of the left valve cause it to have the apoearance of an operculum. The wings are very small. The sides are gently rounded, long, and crenulate. The ventral margin is narrow, rounded, and crenulate. The shell is thin along the margins, but elsewhere it is quite thickened. Only one specimen has been found. Spondylus olsenae bears some resemblance to S,. Coquandianus d*Orb. in its narrow, produced right valve, but it is not so greatly produced and the left valve is much more compressed. Dimensions: Height 36 mm., length 22 mm., width taken at the apex of the left valve 21 mm. Occurrence: Found in clay beds about 275 feet above the base of the formations on the road between Fischer Store and Hancock, Tex., near the latter town. Family LIMIDAK d’Orbigny Genus Lima Brug. Lima wacoensis Roemer Plate X, Figure 1. Liiaa wacoensis Roemer, 1849, Texas, p. 399. Lima wacoensis Roemer, 1852, Die Kreid. von Texas, p. 63, Pl. VIII, figs. 7a, b. Lima wacoensis, Conrad, 1857, Description of Cretaceous and Tertiary Fossils in: W. H. Kmory, Rept. of the U.S. and Mexican Boundary Survey, vol. I, pt 11, p. 151, Pl. V, figs. 4a-b. Lima wacoensis, White, Rept. Geogr. and Geol. Kxpl. and Sur. west of one-hundredth meridian, vol. 4, pt. 1, pp. 176, 177, pl. 17, figs. 4a-c, Washington, 1875. Lima (ifentellum) wacoensis, BBse, Inst. Geol. de Mexico, 301. 25, p. 90, Lam, XIV, 1910, figs. 7-13. Lima wacoensis, Winton, W. M., The Geology of Denton County, Univ, of Texas Bull. 2544, 1925, p. 49, Pl. IX, fig. 4. Lima wacoensis, Adkins and Winton, Univ, of Texas Bull 1945, 1919, p. 72, Pl. XVII, figs. 7-9. Lima wacoensis, Adkins, Handbook of Cretaceous Fossils, Univ, of Texas Bull. 2838, 1928, p. 132, Pl. XVIII, fig. 4. Shell moderately small, elongate-ellinticel, equivalve, very inequilateral, somewhat inflated, low. Beaks small, almost terminal, pointed, incurved. Kars small. Anterior margin short, sharply truncated, directed outward. Ventral margin long and curved, rounded at both ends. Posterior margin long, arcuate. Sides marked by about twenty strong, oblique ribs which are short in the anterior region and very long on the posterior side. The ribs ere angular on the sides, carinated at the crest by a small superimposed rib which is crenulate at least at the ventral margin. The intercostal grooves are quite broad and shallow. In the center of each groove there is a very small rib, on either side of which are four microscopic striations. In most cases this minute structure has been eroded, but an occasional fossil will show it. Here and there the large costae are bifurcated. Fairly coarse anu irregular lines of growth cross the radiating ribs. Dimensions: Height 20 mm., length 35 mm., width 13 mm. Occurrence: Cranes Mill-Fischer Store road, Comal County, Tex.; Pleasant Valley crossing of Blanco River in Hays County, Tex. Superfamily ANOMIACSA Herrmannsen Family ANOMIIDAE Gray Genus Anomi a Mtill. Anomia horni n. sp. Plate IV, Figure 5. Shell very small and thin, irregularly suborbicular, inequivalve, slightly inequilateral. Lower valve quite flat, pierced by a hole for the passage of the ligament near the beak, translucent, nacreous, smaller than the left valve. Upper valve quite convex. Irregularly shaped and elevated, marked by fine, concentric lines. Beak not prominent, only slightly raised and rounded. The muscle scars can not be seen because the fragile nature of the shell does not permit the removal of foreign material on the interior of the shells. The ligemental fossette is very smell and narrow. Cardinal border quite straight in both valves. Dimensions: Height 13 mm., length 16 mm., width about 5 to 7 mm. Occurrence: Glen Rose, Gyosum Bluff near Murfrees boro, Ark. Dysodonta Neumayr (emend.) Superfamily MYTILACBA Ferussac Family T4YTILIDAE Fleming Genus Modiola Lamarck Modiola cuyleri n. sp. Plate VIII, Figures 1-2. Shell elongate, thick, distorted, equivalve, inequilateral, subtriangulnr. Beaks rounded, nearly terminal. Anterior end narrow, rounded. Ventral margin rounded at anterior end, straight in the middle, and bent abruptly downward for about two tenths of an inch just back of the posterior margin. This downward bending causes the distorted appearance. Posterior margin badly eroded on the specimen at hand. It appears to be sloping. Umbonal margin straight and high near the posterior but depressed in a narrow groove between the beaks and umbonal ridges. Hinge not visible. There is a faint ridge on the extreme anterior portion of the flank. It extends obliquely downward and is directed posteriorly toward the ventral margin but appears never to reach the ventral margin. From the posterior side of the unbones at the top, there arises a strong, prominent and high ridge which bends upward and begins a broad downward curve in the anterior third of the shell. The ridge extends about two-tenths of an inch below the anterior ventral margin in to e rounded point at the posterior. As it proceeds downward it widens until it becomes four-tenths of an inch wide near the ventral margin and arises to a height of about three-tenths of an inch. Sides lined with very fine, irregular concentric lines that swing downward over the lower part of the posterior riage. There are also fine, regular striations, very close together, which cross the concentric growth lines. The shell is replaced by calcite. The shell is thickest on the posterior ridge near the center of the shell. From this point it tapers toward the blunt anterior and posterior margins. Above the posterior ridge there is a high, wide, concave post umbonal slope that ex- tends up to the narrow umbonal margin and increases in width toward the posterior. On the anterior side of the ridge the shell is deeply concave. From the umbonal view, the outline of the shell resembles the shape of a ahoe. Dimensions: Height 15 mm., length 35 mm., width 17 mm. Occurrence: Salenia texana horizon nine miles north- west of Bandera, Tex. Modiola concentrice-costellata Roemer Plate VIII, Figures 11-12. Modiola concentrice-costellata Roemer, Texas, p. 403. Bonn, 1849, no. pl. Modiole concentrice-costellata Roemer, 1852, Die Kreidehildungen von Texas, p. 31, Pl. VII, figs. lOa-c. Modiola concentrice-costellata Adkins, Handbook of Cretaceous Fossils, 1928, p. 137, Pl. I, fig. 5. Shell partially calcitized elongate, elliptical, equivalve, inequilateral. Beaks almost terminal, small, rounded, close together, and not prominent. Umbonal margin high and quite straight, depressed near the beaks and elevated into a keel-like posterior extension. Anterior margin short, bluntly rounded from the side view end sharp edged. Ventral margin carinate, continuing the curve of the anterior margin in the anterior portion, but swinging downward rather abruptly at a point slightly past the middle of the shell. Posterior portion rounded end quite expanded due to the downward extension of the ventral margin. Sides inflated. From the posterior side of the beaks there arises & strong, high, wide ridge which proceeds obliquely downward to the postero-ventral angle, widening in its lower extremity. The area above the ridge is high, triangular end slightly concave. The area below the ridge is only slightly concave also. It tends more to slope evenly to the ventral margin. The sides are lined by strong, regular, flattened, concentric rings which increase somewhat on the posterior side. From the umbonal view the shell presents an evenly curved, lanceolate contour from the anterior to the posterior margin. Modiola concentrice-costellata differs from M. cuyleri in being less distorted in shape; in bending less abruptly downward on the ventral margin; in having a lower, flatter, and straighter ridge; a flatter and smaller area above the ridge; sharper margins, shallower groove between beaks; in being about one-half as wide; and in having wider growth lines with no striations. Dimensions: Height about 12 mm. near the posterior margin and 8 mm. at the beaks. Length about 30 mm. end greatest width about 8 mm. about the middle of the shell. Occurrence: About 1-1/2 miles west of Henly, Tex. Modiola mcallisteri n. sp. Plate VIII, Figures 3-4. Shell very glossy end smooth, lanceolate in the umbonal view, very elongate, low, subtriangular, acuminate anteriorly and posteriorly. Beaks email, somewhat angular, close together. Anterior mcrgin very narrow and rounded. Ventral margin continues the curvature of the anterior margin in its anterior portion but quickly becomes straight end does not swing downward abruptly as in Modiola concentrice-costellata and 14. cuy leri but slopes downward gradually from the anterior portion. The posterior margin is acuminate at the ventral margin, but is slightly expanded above, rounded, sloping. Umbonal margin long, straight and depressed in the anterior portion, curved downward somewhat in the posterior but rising to a considerable ridge. From the posterior side of the beaks a strong, high, straight ridge arises and extends obliquely downward to the postero-ventral margin and increases in width as it proceeds downward. The area above it is triensrular, flattened and very wide on the posterior side. The area below it is quite small, narrow, wedge-shaped, flattened except in the extreme anterior portion where it curves gently to the blunt anterior margin. The sides are covereu with fine, regular, concentric growth lines which are very close together, also fine striations crossing the growth lines can be detected on and below the ridge. The greatest width of the shell is about midway between the anterior and posterior margins on the ridge. The greatest height is near the posterior margin. The hinge is not visible. fefodiola mcallisteri differs from Modiola concentricecostellate in being more wedge-shaped, longer, straighter on the umbonal and ventral margins, narrower at the anterior end, in having finer growth lines and possessing striae crossing them, and in having a greater area above the ridge than below it. Dimensions: Height 6 mm. at the beaks, 12 mm. near the posterior end; length 42 mm.; width 14 mm. Occurrence: Eight miles from Kimberly on Gripping Springs road. Clay bed possibly above 275 feet from the base of the Glen Rose. Modiola banderaensis n. sp. Plate VIII, Figures 5-6. Shell elongate, elliptical, equivalve, very inequi- lateral, long, low, and wide. Beaks mostly eroded on the specimen at hand but appear to be small, nearly terminal. Umbonal margin very long end straight, keel-like. Anterior margin eroded; anterior end low but thick. Ventral margin straight except at the ends where it curves slightly, keel-like. Posterior margin slightly curved, sloping antero-ventrally from the umbonal ridge where it forms a smell rounded point. The side view of the shell resembles the blade of a knife. The concentric growth lines are numerous, quite regular, large, and far apart in the middle of the flank but very close together along the umbonal and ventral margins. From the umbones a low ridge extends posteriorly, bends downward slightly in the middle and gradually rises to the posteri or portion of the umbonal margin. The area above the ridge is long, narrow, lanceolate, flattened, and sloping. The area below the ridge is wide, wedge shaped, slightly convex, and sloping. The shell tapers from the umbones to the posterior margin and from the ridge to the umbonal and ventral margins. It has a long wedge-shaped form when viewed from the umbonal side. Modiola banderaensis resembles M. concentrice-costellata superficially in its large, concentric growth lines, but M. concentrice-costellata has growth lines that are more nearly even in their spacing size throughout their extent, whereas those of M. banderaensis are large and far apart in the center and thin and close together on the margins. Also M. banderaensis is longer and proportionately narrower. It has a straighter umbonal margin and no reversal of curvature of the ventral margin. The greatest thickness is at the umbones; it has a different shaped posterior and the ridge extends to the umbonel margin instead of to the ventral margin. Dimensions: Height 15 mm. at a point 6 mm. posterior to the center, about 11 mm. at the beaks; length 56 mm.; width 11 mm. at beaks. Occurrence: Six miles southeast of Bandera, Tex. Modiola branneri Hill Plate VIII, Figures 9-10. sp. indet. Hill, Arkansas Geol. Survey Ann. Hept. 1888, vol. 11, p. 133, pl. ii, figs. 18, 19. ?4odiola branneri Hill, Proceedings of the Biol. Soc. of "/ashing - * ton, 1893, p. 25, pl. V, figs. 8-10. lEodiola branneri, Adkins, Handbook of Cretaceous Fossils, Univ, of Texas Bull. 2838, 1928, p. 136, no. pl. This species is larger than the other Glen Rose species of ;odiola. It is elongate, fairly wide, quite high, equivalve, inequilateral, roughly five-sided in outline. Beaks almost terminal, small, rounded, close together but separated by a fairly deep groove. Umbonel margin long and arcuate, rising gradually from the umbonal region and projecting upward in a thin, keellike ridge past the middle, of the shell and descending gradually to the high, bluntly rounded, thin posterior margin. Anterior end very thick entirely up to the margin. Ventral margin curving gently to the ridge where it swings downward and meets the posterior margin at an angle. The umbonal ridge is long and arcuate, extending obliquely downwero to the posterior end of the ventral margin, becoming wider as it proceeds downward. The area above the ridge is very high, wide, subtriangular in shape, and slightly concave. The area. below the ridge is not quite so large and it is more concave. Sides are lined with fine concentric growth lines where the shell has been preserved, also some very fine striations cross the growth lines. The shell is thickest along the middle portinn and tapers to each end. It is lanceolate in shape when viewed from the umbones. It is highest at a point just posterior to the middle. branneri differs from all the other species of Moglola from the Glen Rose in being larger, proportionately higher, more arcuate on the umbonal margin, and in having a wider anterior end. Dimensions: Height 24 mm. in the middle, 11 mm. at the beaks; length 56 mm.; width 19 mm. Occurrence: 1-1/2 miles west of Henly and 3 miles west of Fischer Store, Tex. Genus Mytilus Linn. Mytilus hugoensis n. sp. Plate VIII, Figures 7-8. Shell elongate, lanceolate, equivalve, inequilateral, narrow anteriorly, broadened near the posterior. Beaks terminal, pointed, narrow, twisted. Umbonal margin long, straight, and low up to the mid-portion where it rises to & keel-like ridge which curves downward to the thin, bluntly pointed posterior. Anterior end wide, tapering sharply to the pointed beaks. Central portion of the shell thickened, tapering gradually to the thin, exuandeu posterior. The shell tapers gradually from the center to the anterior in the side view, and it trpers from just back of the umbones to the posterior margin in the umbonal view. A strong, high, wide, and slightly arcuate ridge extends obliquely downward from the beaks to the posterior, becoming less pronounced as it proceeds downward and entirely disspnears on some of the specimens before it reaches the posterior border. This ridge divides the shell practically in half with a high, wide, triangular, slightly concave portion above and a similar area below. Near the umbonal margin posterior to the beaks the shell is inclined to be slightly concave. Since most of the original shell has been eroded, very little of the markings can be ascertained, but a few irregular concentric lines can be seen on one specimen. Dimensions: Height 16 mm. at the center, length 37 mm., width 12 mm. just posterior to the umbones. Occurrence: Near Hugo, Tex. on a ridge called the Devil*s Backbone; also one mile north of the big spring near Cranes Mill on Guadalupe River, Comal County, Tex. and fourteen miles from Bandera on the Medina City rond on the bank of Medina River. Order ANOMALODESMACEA Dall Superfamily ANATINACEA Dall Eusiphonia Family PHOLADOMYACIDAE Gray Genus Homomya Agassiz Homomya knowltoni (Hill) Plate XIII, Figures 1-2. Pholadomya knowltoni Hill, 1893, Proceedings of the Biol. Soc. of Washington, vol. VIII, p. 30, Pl. 11, figs. 1, 2. Pholadomya (?) knowltoni, Adkins, Handbook of Cretaceous Fossils, Univ, of Texas Bull. 2838, 1928, p. 138, no. pl. The shell is elongate, equivslve, inequilateral, Beaks anterior, but not terminal, rounded, small, incurved, end very close together, probably were nearly in contact in the original shell, but only casts have been found. Sides inflated below the beaks. Umbonal margin curved on the posterior side. Anterior side broadly curving, sometimes closed and often very slightly gaping. Posterior side truncated, flaring and quite widely gaping. Sides lined by irregular, concentric rings. Pallia! sinus deep and narrow. Hinge apparatus unknown. Dr. R. T. Hill placed this species in the genus Pholadomya, but it appears to be a Homomya. The beaks are not quite so terminal as in Pholadomya, but the principal character that sets this genus apart from Pholadomya is the absence of oblique ribs. This character formed the basis of Agassiz’s generic determination of Homomya. There are no such ribs present on the specimens at hand, nor does the picture figured by Dr. Hill show any oblique ribs. Dimensions: Height 32 mm., length 5E mm., width 29 mm Occurrence; Basal and middle Glen Rose, Bandera, Tex; Comal County and Travis County, Tex. Homomya comalensis n. sp. Plate XIII, Figures 3-4. Cast elongate, gibbose, inequilateral, equivalve, but compression has distorted the position of the valves in the specimen at hand. Beaks almost terminal, rounded on anterior side and somewhat angular on the posterior side, very close together and incurved. Umbonal margin long and sloping on the posterior side and almost lacking on the anterior side of the beaks. Anterior margin too badly damaged to characterize. The ventral margin badly damaged in the specimen, but it appears to swing sharply upward to the gently rounded posterior margin. The posterior margin is gaping but not flaring. The hinge is not known. From the umbones to the posterior end of the ventral sice there is a long wide ridge with a high, flattened and sloping area above it. The shell is thick at all pointe, but has its greatest width about three-eighths of sn inch below the umbones. From the umbonal margin to the posterior ridge the thickness increases gradually, then decreases gradually from the ridge to the ventral margin. In a view from the umbones the flanks can be seen to curve gently around from the anterior margin to a point about one-fourth of an inch past the umbones where the curve flattens out somewhat. About five-eighths of an inch from the posterior margin there is a heavy, concentric ridge, from which the flanks bend more sharply inward toward the margin. Neither the pallial line nor the sinus is visible. Homomya comalensis differs from Homomya knowltoni in being thicker throughout, in lacking any flaring or constricted condition at the posterior end and in having long posterior ridges with high, flattened areas above them. Dimensions: Height about 35 mm., length 55 mm., width 29 mm. Occurrence: About 275 feet above the base of the Glen Rose 2.3 miles west of Fischer Store, Comal County, Tex. Pholadomya bowling! n. sp. Plate XII, Figures 1-2. Cast elongate, twice as high as long, equivalve, inequilateral. Umbones rather low and rounded. Beaks incurved, directed anteriorly, close together, and ne*r the anterior end. Umbonal margin fairly long and high but not elevated on the edge, slightly arched, curving imperceptibly into the posterior end, and gaping widely. Hinge short, curved, depressed on the posterior side of the beak, elevnted considerably on the anterior side leaving a deep, short groove between it and the beak. Anterior margin sharp, closed, curving and sloping obliquely to the ventral margin, which continues the curve of the anterior margin and swings upward to the evenly rounded, rather blunt posterior. The ventral margin is closed except at the posterior end. The posterior is widely gaping end flares somewhat. It is fairly high but is also very thick, especially belo»? the umbones, from which point it tapers rapidly to the sharp anterior margin. The taper to the posterior margin is very gradual and is interrupted by a slight depression which begins near the center at the umbonal margin and extends obliquely downward to the posterior part of the ventral margin. There is also a depression that extends along below the umbonal margin but flattens as it approaches the posterior. This depression is accompanied by a faint ridge which parallels the depression but begins posterior to it and extends downward toward the posterior margin. The thickest end the highest portion of the shell is in the umbonal region. The sides of the shell are lined with irregular growth lines pieced very close together. There are also strong, sharp, radiating ribs which extend from the beaks to the ventral margin. They are curved and wide apart in the anterior portion but straighter and much closer together in the posterior part. They also grow fainter as they approach the posterior and finally disappear altogether about half an inch from the posterior margin. They do not appear along the umbonal margin, nor do they appear on a small, smooth, hemispherically concave area just anterior to the beaks. Between the radiating ribs the shell is very slightly concave. Dimensions; Height 27 mm., length 55 mm., width 28 ram. Occurrence; Sandy Creek, near Colorado River, Travis County, Tex. Collected by Mr. Leslie Bowling. Family ANATINIDAE Dall Genus Anatina Lamarck Anatina hanseni n. sp. Plate .XIV, Figures 8-9. Cast large, quite high and thin, equivalve, inequilateral. Beaks practically central, small, angular, close together. Umbonal margin long and narrow, high; more steeply sloping ©nd narrower on the anterior side than on the posterior side. Anterior margin wide, broadly curved. Pallial margin curving at ends, almost straight in the middle for ebout one and one-fourth inches. Posterior margin wide and gaping, slightly flaring but the shape indistinct on the specimens et hand because of erosion. Hinge unknown.. Along the posterior umbonal margin there is a narrow groove on each valve which passes down from the beaks to the posterior side. Originating at the same point as the umbonal grooves there is a deep, narrow, short groove which extends obliquely downward from the umbonal region across the posterior end of the shell for tie distance of about five-eighths of an inch. There does not seem to be any depression on the anterior side of the casts. Sides lined with irregular, concentric ribs, coarse on some specimens and fine on others. The pallial line does not show, but a faint suggestion of the pallial sinus can be found on one specimen. It appears to be very shallow and quite narrow. Dimensions: Height 38 mm., length 65 mm., width 21 mm. Occurrence: Salenia texana horizon on the Hansen ranch near Bandera. Also found one mile east of Bandera, Tex. A smaller specimen was found at Bull Creek near Austin. This last one was very close to the top of the formation. Anetina simondsi n. sp. Plate XIV, Figures 6-7. Cast long, narrow, generally quite thin, but sometimes thickened due to compression, equivalve, inequilateral. Beaks almost central, low, not prominent, angular particularly on the posterior side, close together. Umbonal margin very long; slightly curved and sharp anteriorly; long, straight and gently sloping posteriorly. Anterior margin narrow, sharply rounded. Ventral margin long, changing its curvature at the anterior depression, where it swings in a long, sweeping curve upward toward the very narrow, attenuated posterior margin. The posterior appears to be very slightly gaping and only slightly flared. The umbonal grooves are deep, narrow, and long. The grooves which extend obliquely downward posteriorly from the beaks are deep and narrow for a short distance, but suddenly flatten out into & low depression which can be traced to the ventral margin on some specimens. The anterior depressions originate in the middle of the umbones end extend obliquely to the ventral margin, increasing slightly in depth as they approach the margin. Hinge unknown. Sides lined by more or less regular concentric ribs which increase in size toward the ventral margin. This species differs from Anetina hanseni chiefly in the fact that it is not so high and it has more attenuated ends. The ventral margin is also more sloping in Anatina simondsi end the anterior depression is noticeable, whereas it is not apparent in Anatina hanseni. Dimensions: Height 29 mm., length 66 mm., width 15 mm. Occurrence: Middle Glen Rose one mile east of Bandera, %x. Anatina beckleyi n. sp. Plate XIV, Figures 4-5. Cast elongate, suboval, equivalve, inequilateral, compressed, high. Beaks central, smell, rounded. Posterior cardinal margin sloping, concave, gaping. Anterior cardinal margin straight from the top of the beaks for about half an inch, curved gently from that point to the broadly rounded, high, carinate anterior margin. The ventral margin is arcuate, lower on the anterior side than on the posterior side, carinate, and rises from the middle to the narrowed, gaping posterior. The anterior side is higher than the posterior side. The posterior groove is deep and narrow, about nineteen millimeters long. It extends obliquely downward onto the flank and suddenly disappears. Only a very faint suggestion of a. depression exists in the middle of the shell below the beaks. The umbonal ridge is narrowly rounded end short. The greatest width is below and slightly posterior to the beaks. The greatest height is at the beaks. The sides are lined with coarse, irregular, concentric lines. Anatine beckleyi differs from A, hanseni in being shorter, higher end straighter on the anterior cardinal margin, lower on the anterior ventral margin and narrower posteriorly. Also the posterior cardinal margin is more sloping and the posterior is less gaping and not flared. Dimensions: Height 38 mm., length 55 mm., width 13 mm. Occurrence: About 275 feet above the base of the Glen Rose on the Blanco-New Braunfels ro«d about ten miles from Blanco, Tex. Collected by Mr. W. B. Beckley. Adelosiphonia Superfamily POROMYACBA Dall. Family POROMYACIDAK Dall Genus Liopistha Meek Liopistha (Psilomya) banderaensis n. sp. Plate XXIV, Figures 1-2. Cast large, equivalve, inequilateral, high at the umbones, roughly triangular. Beaks bluntly pointed at the tip, greatly incurved, near the anterior end, directed slightly toward the anterior. Umbones large, prominent, ventricose. Hinge slightly arched and possessing two teeth in each valve. The teeth in both valves are nearly horizontal and inequal. In the right valve the anterior tooth is quite wide but smaller than the posterior tooth which is large, wide, and sloping. In the left valve the anterior tooth is conical and long. Posterior to this tooth is a deep, triangular fossette. The posterior tooth is rudimentary end oblique—directed anteriorly. Posterior cardinal margin long, gently sloping. Anterior cardinal margin very short and sloping. Anterior margin straight, sloping obliquely outward, bending abruptly toward the ventral margin at the lower portion of the muscle scar. Anterior end of the shell quite thick. Buccal slopes long, narrow, crescentic, almost vertical, ending at the muscle scar. Anterior umbonal ridge fairly sharp, narrow, low, endi g «lso at the muscle scar. Ventral margin quite thin, curved at the ends and straight in the middle. Posterior margin rounded at the ventral end but nearly straight above, very sloping, high, and slightly gaping. The posterior end is thin. Post-umbonel ridge wide, rounded, long, end oblique. Post-umbonrl slope wide throughout its length. Anterior muscle scar very large, rounded on the ventral side, truncated on all other sides, raised, prolonged in a small point extending up the buccal mtrgin, narked by several crescentic ridges. The scar is located quite near the ventral side. Posterior muscle scar nearly circular but flattened on top, placed obliquely on the upper umbonal slope near the umbonal margin, raised, marked by concentric rings. Pallia 1 line distinctly marked by a wide, flat ridge on either side of which is a narrow, shallow groove with beaded eages. The pallia! line is not parallel to the ventral margin but is high at the anterior muscle scar and slopes down toward the ventral margin in the posterior portion of the shell. At the post-umbonal ridge it turns abruptly with a broad, rounded angle and follows up the umbonal ridge to the posterior muscle scar. The surface of the shell does not present any markings. The sides are flattened. The umbones are rounded and thick. The highest portion of the shell is at the beaks and the thickest part is near the upper portion of the umbones. Dimensions: Height 90 mm., length in the ventral por- tion 100 mtn. , width 55 mm. Occurrence: Salenia texana horizon nearly one mile east of Bandera, Tex. Liopistha (Psilomya) fletcheri n. sp. Plate XXIX, Figures 1-2. Gast large, ventricose, equivalve, inequilateral, high on the anterior end, elongate, high, directed slightly forward. Umbones narrowed on top, quite convex. Hinge with two nearly horizontal teeth in each valve. On the right valve the anterior tooth is high, conical, pointed and slightly twisted. The posterior tooth is inferior and pointed. On the left valve the anterior tooth is large, oirected anteriorly. The posterior tooth is rudimentary and directed posteriorly. There is a fossette between. The posterior cardinal margi is long and slightly concave. The anterior cardinal margin is short and steeply sloping. Anterior margin very short and rounded. Anterior end of shell greatly inflated. Ventral margin long and strongly curved, carinate at the edge. Posterior margin bluntly rounded, high at the juncture with the umbonal margin. Posterior end of shell flared, gaping but quite constricted back of the margins. Middle portion of the shell inflated; thickest portion high on the umbones. The highest part of the shell is at the beaks. The umbonal ridge is not pronounced. The post umbonal slope is wide «nd concave. No surface markings are present on the cast. The muscle scars and pallial line are not visible on the material at hand. Lioplstha (Psilomya) fletcheri differs from L. solida chiefly in having a more prolonged posterior, a concave posterior cardinal margin and a more rounded ventral margin. It shows 13 seme resemblance to L. gigantea Sow., but L. fletcheri does not have a straight posterior cardinal margin, the ventral margin swings up higher to meet the posterior margin and the posterior end has a different appearance than L. gigantea. k* fletcheri was found by Mr. Claude Fletcher. Dimensions: Height 75 mm., length 95 mm., width 55 mm. Occurrence: Salenia texana horizon of the Glen Rose at Julian Creek, Bandera, Tex. Liopistha (Psilomya) solida (Cragin) Plate XXV, Figures 1-2. Homomya solids Cragin, 1893, Geol. Survey of Texas, Fourth Ann. Rept. A Contribution to the Invertebrate Paleontology of the Texas Cretaceous, p. 191, Pl. XXXIX, figs. 3, 4. Homomya solida, Adkins, Handbook of Cretaceous Fossils, Univ, of Texas Bull 2838, 1928, p. 141. Cast large, ventricose, roughly four-sided, equivalve, inequilateral, longer than high. The beaks are pointed, inrolled, close together, anterior but not curved forward. Umbones moderately small, narrow on top, high, prominent. No complete hinge has been observed as yet. Posterior cardinal margin straight, long and gently sloping. Anterior cardinal margin shorter and more steeply sloping. Anterior margin very short and rounded. Anterior end quite thickened. Ventral margin slightly carinate, broadly curved, swinging upward very slightly to the bluntly rounded, high posterior margin. Posterior end gaping but thin and constricted back of the marginel flare. Umbonal ridge not pronounced. Post-umbonal slope wide and concave. Shell thick throughout except for the posterior end; quite inflated in the umbonel region where it attains Its greatest thickness and height. Pallie! line long, arcuate on the ventral side, entire, not parallel to the ventral margin, turning abruptly in the posterior and proceeding up the umbonal ridge to the large, raised, rounded posterior muscle scar which is situated on the post-umbonal slope. Anterior muscle scar large, raised, rounded, and situated near the ventral margin. On some poor specimens preserved in sandstone a few concentric lines ornament the sides. The limestone casts are smooth. Although Cragin’s type did not show any teeth, other specimens identical in shape possess the characteristic Liopistha teeth, which certainly removes this species from the genus Homomya in which Cragin placed it. Dimensions: Height 70 mm., length 90 mm., width 55 mm. Occurrence: Salenia texana horizon of the Glen Rose 2.3 miles west of Fischer Store, Tex.; twelve miles south of Boerne, Tex. on the Boerne-Bandera road; basal Glen Rose on Cow Creek at B. M. 845. Liopistha (Psilomya) jurafacies (Cragin) Plate XXVIII, Figures 1-2. Homomya jurafacies Cragin, 1893, Geol. Survey of Texas, Fourth Ann. Rept., A Contribution to the Invertebrate Paleontology of the Texas Cretaceous, p. 191, Pl. XXXIX, figs. 1, 2. Homomya jurafacies, Adkins, Handbook of Cretaceous Fossils, Univ, of Texas Bull. 2838, 1928, p. 140. Cast large, ventricose, low, very elongate, equivalve, inequilateral. Beaks inrolled, pointed, close together, near the anterior end, f?nd very slightly directed forward. Umbones large, inflated, narrowing near the top. Hinge with two teeth in each valve. On the right valve the anterior tooth is superior to the posterior tooth, and both seem to be directed slightly forward. On the left valve the anterior tooth is large, while the posterior is rudimentary. These teeth are diverging and have a fossette between them. Posterior cardinal margin long, fairly straight, and slightly sloping. Anterior cardinal margin carinate, slightly curved, and short. Anterior margin very short end rounded. Anterior end of shell very inflated. Ventral margin long, carinate, curved at both ends, nearly straight in the middle. Posterior margin quite low and sloping, very slightly curved. Posterior end somewhat attenuated, but not thin, faintly constricted behind the gaping, flared margin. Post-umbonal ridge broad, long, high, rounded, and curved downward in the middle. Post-umbonal slope wide and concave. Shell exceeaingly inflated in the umbonal region where it attains its greatest height end thickness. No surface markings have been noted. The pallia! line is generally indistinct, but appears to be typical of Liopjstha in that it is entire and turns abruptly and follows up the posterior side along the umbonal ridge. The posterior muscle scar is very large, round, raised, and situated high on the post-umbonal slope. The anterior muscle scar is large, roughly oval, raised, end situated near the ventral margin. Cragin placed this species in the genus Homomya even though his type, which is at hand, shows some indication of teeth. They are not so well preserved, however, as those in the material collected by Dr. F. L. Whitney. Since teeth are present in the forms and positions characteristic of Liopistha, this species must be included in this genus rather than in the genus Homomya. Dimensions: Height 80 mm., length 121 mm., width 75 mm. Occurrence: Drautfels, near Comfort, Kendal County, Tex.; also Selenie texana horizon of the Glen Rose northwest of Bandera, Tex. Liopistha (Psilomya) alta (Roemer) Plate XXVII, Figures 1-2. Homomya alta Roemer, 1849, Texas, p. 408. Homomya alta Roemer, 1852, Die Kreidebildungen von Texas, p 45, Pl. VI, fig. 11. Homomya e.lta, Adkins, Handbook of Cretaceous Fossils, Univ, of Texas Bull. 2838, 1928, p. 141. Cast small to moderately large, short, high, ventricose, roughly five-sided, inequilateral, equivelve. Beaks subcentral, high, pointed, incurved, close together. Umbones inflated, narrowed on top'. Hinge teeth, two in each valve, characteristic of Lioplstha. In the right valve the posterior tooth is inferior to the anterior tooth, and both are directed anteriorly. In the left valve the anterior tooth is directed forward, while the small, rudimentary tooth is directed posteriorly. A fossette is present between the two teeth. The posterior cardinal margin is quite high and gently sloping. The anterior cardinal margin is nearly equal in length to the posterior but very steeply sloping. Anterior margin wider than any other Liopistha from the Glen Rose, bluntly rounded. Ventral margin strongly arcuate. Posterior margin broadly rounded, only slightly higher than the anterior margin. Anterior end of the shell ventricose, posterior end thin end slightly gaping but not flared. Umbonal ridge high, rounded, prominent. Post- umbonal slope wide and concave. The middle portion of the shell is very inflated. The greatest thickness is near the center of the shell beneath the beaks, and the greatest height is at the beaks. In a small specimen regular, moderately large concentric ribs line the sides. Liopistha alta differs from all other species of Liopistha from the Glen Rose in having its beaks nearly central, its posterior and anterior margins nearly equal, and in being quite short in proportion to its height. It resembles Liopistha Libanotica Hamlin,but is not quite so long posteriorly and has stronger curvature to the ventral margin and a steeper anterior umbonal ridge. Dimensions: Height 65 mm., length 70 mm., width 50 mm. Occurrence: At mouth of Sandy Creek, Travis County, Tex.; about 225 feet above the base of the Glen Rose near Cox Crossing of Pedernales River, Travis County, Tex. Liopistha (Psilomya) walkeri n. sp. Plate XXVI, Figures 1-2. Cast large, ventricose, wedge-shaped, equivalve, inequilateral. Beaks very terminal, inrolled, pointed, directed forward. Umbones large, inflated. Hinge with two teeth in each valve. In the right valve the posterior tooth is flattened and lower than the conical, anterior tooth. In the left valve the anterior tooth is large, while the posterior tooth is smell and rudimentary. There is a fossette between these teeth. Posterior cardinal margin fairly long, straight and directed slightly upward. Anterior cardinal margin carinate, rounded, steeply sloping, and short. Anterior margin very short and rounded. Ventral margin strongly arcuate. The posterior margin is bluntly rounded near the ventral side, but from the middle of the posterior side it rises in a straight, steeply sloping line to the high posterior cardinal margin. Umbonal ridge very prominent, high, wide, and straight. Post-umbonal slope wide and concave. Posterior end is gaping but thinner than the rest of the shell. Anterior end wide but narrower than the very inflated and oblique umbonal region. Greatest height half an inch posterior to the beaks. Greatest width on the umbones near the posterior end. The palli&l line is entire, practically parallel to the ventral margin, slightly curved upward to the anterior muscle scar, but gently arcuate along its ventral extent. At the posterior end it makes a very sharp bend and extends obliquely up the umbonal ridge to the large, round, raised posterior muscle scar high on the posterior umbonal slope. The anterior muscle scar is also large and rounded with a small projection directed upward along the anterior cardinal mergin. The scar is situated very near the antero-ventral angle. No exterior ornamentation is apparent on the cast. Liopistha walker! resembles L. jurafacies in general outline, but its beaks are more terminal, its posterior cardinal margin and its posterior margin higher and differently shaped. Dimensions: Height 65 mm., slightly posterior to the beaks; length 95 mm.; width 70 ami. Occurrence; Salenie. texana horizon of the Glen Rose at Bandera, Tex. Order TELEODESMACEA Dall Diogenodonta Superfamily CYPRICARDIACSA Dall Family PLBUROPHORIDAS Dall Genus Cypricardia Lamarck Cypricardia compacts (’White) Plate XVII, Figures 5-6. Pachymya compacts White, 1879, Proceedings U. S. Nat. Mus. vol. 2, pt. 2, p. 297, pl. 6, figs. 3,4., Washington, 1880, Smithson. Misc. Coll. Pachymya compacts White, Twelfth Ann. Rept. U. S. Geol. and Geogr. Survey Terr., pt. 1, pp. 22, 23, pl. 17, figs. 4a, b. Washington, 1883. Arctica compacts Pitney, 1911, Fauna of the Buda Limestone, Bull. Amer. Pal. 184, p. 17, pl. 7, figs. 1-3. Texas Acad. Sci. Trans., vol. 12, 1913, p. 17, pl. 7, figs. 1-3. Trapezium compactum, Adkins, Handbook of Cretaceous Fossils, Univ, of Texes Bull. 2838, 1928, p. 151. Shell elongate, small, roughly four-sided, equivalve, inequilateral. Beaks small, anterior, not prominent, very close together, anteriorly directed, rounded. The hinge is unknown. Umbonal margin straight and sloping. Anterior margin narrowly rounded, low and blunt. Ventral margin long, arcuate and sharp. Posterior margin sloping, carinate and acutely angular et its point of juncture with the ventral margin. The umbonal ridge is long, oblique, carinate and very slightly arcuate ©nd extends from the beaks to the postero-ventral angle. Post- umbonal slope long, concave, smooth, triangular. Sides of the shell gently convex. Near the ventral margin a line runs from the anterior margin to the umbonal ridge but does not parallel the ventral margin, rather it swings upward so that the smooth, flat area below it is greater in width at the posterior than at the anterior end. It approximates the position of a pallial line which can not show on the specimen at hand because the shell has been partially preserved. The area below this line has the appearance of being beveled. The greatest thickness is about midway from the ends and very slightly above the center of the shell, also slightly below the umbonal ridges. The shell maintains about the same height all along the umbonal margin, but increases by 2 mm. in the middle where it is higher than at the beaks. The only ornamentations that are evident g are the very fine concentric striations which can be seen only where the shell has been well preserved. Dimensions; Height 16 mm., length 30 mm., width 11 mm. Occurrence: Salenia texana horizon one mile east of Bandera, Tex. Cypricardia pelletae n. sp. Plate XVII, Figures 7-8. Cast small, equivalve, inequilateral, elongate, foursided. Beaks anterior, small, very close together, rounded at the points. Umbonal margin sloping, straight, flattened. Anterior margin eroded, but appears to be very sloping in the upper portion and narrowly rounded at the lower end. The ventral margin is long and arcuate. The posterior margin is slightly curved, carinste and sloping. The angle between the ventral and posterior sides is acute but broadly rounded. The umbonal ridge is long, slightly arcuate, broadly rounded and low. It becomes less and less distinct as it proceeds obliquely downward toward the postero-ventral angle. Very close to the beaks it is faintly carinate. The post umbonal slopes are narrow, slightly concave and together are roughly heart shaped. The sides are flattened and only slightly convex. Down the middle of the shell from the umbones to the ventral margin there is a broad area which apoears to be faintly depressed. The greatest width seems to be slightly posterior to the center on the umbonal ridges. The greatest height is at the beaks. At the angle between the posterior and umbonal margins the shell is considerably lower than at the beaks. The sides are lined by a few irregularly spaced concentric growth lines. Cypricardla pelletae resembles C. compacta in many respects but differs from it in having a more rounded umbonal ridge; a more sloping umbonal margin; a more rounded posteroventral angle; less demarcation of the juncture between the umbonal and posterior margins; flatter, narrower sides; possesses the faint depression on the flenks and has a different shaped anterior margin. Dimensions: Height 13 mm., length 23 mm., width about 8 mm. Occurrence: Basal Glen Rose at Cow Creek, Burnet County, Tex. Genus Arctica Schum. Arctica texana (Conrad) Plate XLIII, Figures 1-2. Trigonia texana Conrad, 1857, Rept. U. S. and Mex. Boundary Sur- Survey, vol. 1, pt. 11, p. 148, pl. 3, figs. 3a-c. Cyprina texana, Cragin, 1893, Texas Geol. Survey, Fourth Ann. Rept., pp. 178-180, no. pl. Arctica texana, Adkins, Handbook of Cretaceous Fossils, Univ, of Texas Bull. 2838, 1928, p. 152. Cast medium in size, subtriangular, equivslve, inequilateral. Beaks nearly erect, high, narrow, far apart, blunt, subcentral, directed anteriorly. Cardinal area fairly broad and long. Cardinal margin long, arched, indented by tooth impressions. Anterior margin produced above, thin, carinate, short, sloping toward the broadly rounded cerinate ventral margin. The posterior margin is very similer to the anterior margin but is more rounded and less sloping. They are about equal in length. The post-umbonal ridge is very long and gently arched. Post-umbonal slope flattened below, long and gently arcuate and convex above. The anterior umbonal ridge is also long and concave. The anterior muscle scar is extremely elevated, arched, somewhat narrow, ovel in shape, and marked by curving lines. The posterior muscle scars are not apparent. The shell is quite ventricose in the middle portion and has its greatest thickness high on the umbones. The anterior portion is somewhat compressed. Dimensions: Height 70 mm., length 70 mm., width 56 mm. Occurrence: About 225 feet above the base of the Glen Rose on Fischer Store-Pleasant Valley road, Conial County, Tex. Arctica navicularia Ries n. n. Plate XXXIX, Figures 5-6. Cast small to medium In size, elongate, slightly ventricose, equivalve, inequilateral. Beaks high, heavy, in- flated, somewhat narrowed near the top, bluntly pointed, subcentral, incurved, directed anteriorly. Cardinal border long, arched, indented by the impressions of teeth. Anterior margin fairly high, moderately short, broadly rounded, carinate. Ventral margin long, arcuate, thin. Posterior margin shorter then the anterior and posterior margins project outward a short distance before they curve downward. The cardinal area is excavated and quite narrow except on the short anterior side where it broadens considerably. The post-umbonal ridge is not very pronounced, somewhat arched and fairly long. The post-umbonal slope is long, narrow above, expanded below, flattened. The anterior umbonal ridge is short and profoundly concave. The posterior muscle scars are large, raised and angular, wide and flattened on top and rounded on the sides. The anterior muscle scars are quite large, raised, wedge shaped and less pronounced than usual for the genus Arctica. Pallial line long, entire, meeting t e muscle scars near the middle of their lower sides. The sides of the shell are quite rotund throughout, becoming thin only very close to the margins. No surface markings are known to exist. Miss Minette Ries described and named this species in an unpublished paper. Dimensions: Height 32 mm., length 38 mm., width 25 mm. Occurrence: Cranes Mill-Fischer Store road, three miles from Fischer Store, ebout 290 feet above Guadalupe River. Arctica plummerae Ries n. n. Plate XXXIV, Figures 3-4. Cast small, subtriangular, slightly ventricose, elongate, equivalve, inequilateral. Beaks prominent, sharply pointed, broad behind the point, directed obliquely toward the anterior, subcentral, far apart. Cardinal margin long, slightly arched and deeply cut by the impressions of teeth, higher on the posterior side than on the anterior side. Anterior margin short, narrowly rounded, thin, obliquely sloping toward the thin, curved ventral margin. Posterior margin broadly rounded, thin, carinate, and slightly longer than the anterior margin. Post-umbonal ridge long, convexly curved, interrupted by the elevated posterior muscle scar. Anterior umbonal ridge short, profoundly concave and truncated by the anterior scar. Postumbonal slope quite wide and convex, continuing an even curvature from the tip of the beaks to the posterior margin. Posterior muscle scars large, raised, angular, wedge shaped, flattened on top. Anterior muscle scars exceedingly prominent, greatly elevated on the posterior side, oval, marked with cresentic lines, truncate above, bluntly pointed below. Pallia! line distinct, beaded, entire, meeting the posterior muscle scar at the junction of its lower sides and meeting the anterior muscle scar quite anterior to its lower point. The sides show no markings. They are rotund but not greatly inflated. Arctica plummerae bears e close resemblance to A. elata lt has a shorter posterior margin, however, and the beaks are not so terminal as in the Italian species. Dimensions: Height 49 mm., length 62 mm., width 38 mm. Occurrence: Cranes Mill-Fischer Store road, three miles from Fischer Store, about 290 feet above Guadalupe River, Comal County, Tex.; on the road between Bluff end Medina, Bandera County, Tex. Arctica medial® (Conrad) Plate XXXIV, Figures 1-2. Cardlum mediate Conrad, Rept. U. S. and Mex. Bound. Survey, vol. 1, pt. 2, p. 19, pl. 4, figs. 4a, b. Cyprina mediate, Cragin, 1893, Texas Geol. Survey Fourth Ann. Kept., p. 173, no pl. Arctics mediate, Adkins, Handbook of Cretaceous Fossils, Univ, of Texas Bull. 2838, 1928, p. 152. Cast small to medium in size, ventricose, subovate, equivalve, inequilateral. Beaks large, inflated, subcentral, directed forward, incurved, sharply pointed, fairly close together. Cardinal area long and narrow. Cardinal margin quite long, arched and broken by impressions of teeth. Anterior margin thin, moderately long, rounded, and sloping toward the ventral margin, elevated slightly above the cardinal margin and angular at the top. Ventral margin fairly short, thin, arcuate. Posterior margin broadly rounded, thin, equal in height to the anterior but more vertical. Posterior umbonal ridge convex, long, rounded, and not definitely distinct from the post-umbonal slone. Anterior umbonal ridge short and profoundly concave. Post-umbonal slope convex and evenly rounded from the tip of the berks to the posterior margin. Posterior muscle scars large, slightly raised, and angular. Anterior muscle scars smaller, more elevated and angular. Sides very ventricose throughout. Dimensions; Height 41 mm., length 46 mm., width 34 mm. Occurrence. About twelve miles south of Boerne on Boerne-Bandera road. Arctica giboosa (Giebel) Plate XLI, Figures 1-2. Cyorina gibbosa Giebel, BeitrMge zur PalMontolgie des Texanischen Kreidegebirges. Meturw. ver. fdr Sachsen und Thtlringen in Halle, Jahresber. 5, reprint p. 81, pl. 2, fig. 5. 1853. Cast very large, ventricose, subtriangular, equivalve, inequilateral. Beaks bluntly pointed, large, anterior, fairly close together, incurved, directed forward, inflated. Cardinal margin long and erched. Cardinal area narrow. Anterior margin sii htly produced, bluntly rounded, sloping to the ventral margin. It is long, arcuate and carinate on the anterior end, blunt on the posterior end. Posterior margin broadly rounded, very blunt, curving evenly into the long post-umbonal slope. The post-umbonal ridge is long, convex, high on top, broadly curved. Post-umbonsl slope not definitely distinct from the posterior umbonal ridge, convex and continuing the broadly rounded curve from the tip of the beaks to the lower posterior side. The anterior umbonal ridge is short and profoundly concave. Posterior muscle seers not visible on the specimens at hand. Anterior muscle scars very large, prominent, greatly e'leve-ted, distorted oval shaped, and marked by crescentic lines. Pallial line distinct and entire. Above the pallial line and parallel to it there is a series of raised, irregularly shaped elevations. The shell is inflated in the posterior and along the umbonal ridge, but thinner in the anterior portion. Sides show no indication of surface ornamentation. Arctica gibbosa is very similar to Arctica mediate, but attains greater size, is very slightly higher than long, whereas Arctics mediate is slightly longer than high. Also Arctica gibbosa has an even curve from the beaks to the lower posterior margin, while Arctica mediate is angular at the junction of the cardinal and posterior margins. The width of A. mediate is greater in proportion to its height and length. The sides are more rotund than those of A. gibbosa, the anterior is not so compressed, the ventral margin, is carinate throughout, and the posterior margin is thin and slightly carinate, whereas A. gibbosa has only the anterior portion of the ventral margin carinate and is very blunt on the posterior margin. Dimensions: Height 126 mm., length 125 mm., width 78 mm. Occurrence: About three miles below the bridge across the Guadalupe near Cranes Mill; at Demijohn Send, Comal County, Tex. Arctica comalensis Ries n. n. Plate XXXIX, Figures .3-4. Cast small to medium, ventricose, subtriangular, equivalve, inequilateral. Beaks, subcentral, posterior, suite erect, incurved, pointed anteriorly, close together, sharp on the points, inflated behind. Cardinal area long and narrow. Cardinal margin arched, deeply indented along the hinge by impressions of the teeth. Anterior margin prominently produced, carinate, short, thin, and broadly rounded. Ventral margin long, arcuate to flattened end slightly carinate. Posterior margin carinate, slightly shorter than the anterior margin, angular and high at the juncture with cardinal margin. Since the umbones are so close to the posterior, the post-umbonal alone "and ridge are shorter but steeper than in the other species and not distinctly separated because of the convexity of each. The post-umbonal slope is evenly curved from the tip of the beaks to the posterior margin and very slightly flattened. The anterior umbonal ridge is quite concave and fairly long. The posterior muscle scars are not visible on the specimen at hand. The anterior muscle scars are small, very prominent, raised, suboval in outline. The palliel line is long end entire. The shell more ventricose in the posterior than tn the anterior end. It is exceedingly inflated in the central portion. Arctica comelensis was named by Miss Minette Ries in an unpublished paper. It bears some resemblance to A. curvi- 1 6 rostris Coquand, but its beaks are more nearly central and the post-umbonal slope is proportionately shorter and steeper. Dimensions: Height 42 mm., length 48 mm., width 38 mm. Occurrence: On Cranes Mill-New Braunfels road just above B. M. 229.3 in a clay bed, Comal County, Tex. Arctica palmerae n. sp. Plate XLIII, Figures 3-4. Cast small, elongate, low, very ventricose, equivelve, inequilateral, five-sided. Beaks low, broad, narrowing abruptly to the blunt points. The angle of the beaks is about 102°, while that of most other species is 90° or less. This greater angle gives Arctics palmerse a distinct appearance. The beaks are quite far apart, subcentral, slightly posterior, very slightly directed anteriorly, and inflated. The cardinal margin is very long, arched, nearly straight on the anterior side. The cardinal area is narrow and long. The anterior end is greatly produced. The anterior margin is short, thin, broadly rounded, and very carinate. The ventral margin is long and arcuate. It is too eroded on the specimen at hand to characterize it further, but the ventricose condition of the shell seems to extend to the margin, making it appear blunt. The posterior margin is slightly produced, very short, and truncate. The posterior umbonal slope is rounded and almost straight from the beaks to the posterior side. Posterior umbonal ridge not definitely separated from the post-umborwl slope. Anterior umbonal ridge very steep, sloping outward, curved st the bottom, and very long. Posterior muscle scars large and oval. Anterior muscle scars somewhat different from most other species of Artica. The prominent, distorted oval, raised portion is present, but in addition a large, semicircular, less elevated portion lies posterior to the more prominent portion. An approximate condition exists in specimens of A. plummerae and A. comalensis. The pallia! line is long and entire. The anterior end is much narrower than the posterior end, but the greatest thickness is in the middle of the shell, below the beaks. Here it almost equals the height. Arctica palmerae bears no close resemblance to any species of Artica from the Glen Rose. A. coms-lens is has more points in common with it, however, than any other soecies. The elongate condition of both shells is similar and the shapes of the ends are also similar, but the anterior of A. palmerae is ?ore produced. The shell is longer in proportion to its height; has a less steep, longer, ano straighter post-ufnbonal slope; and different shaped beaks. The beaks are also smaller less inflated, and not twisted so much to the anterior. Dimensions: Height 45 mm., length 58 mm., width 42 mm. Occurrence: Boerne-Comfort road, ten miles north of Boerne, Tex. Arctics guadalupensis Ries n. n. Plate XXXIX, Figures 1-2. Cast smell, suboval, rotund, equlvalve, inequilateral, elongate, roughly five-sided. Bears small, low, slightly inflated, blunt, central, directed anteriorly, incurved, and quite far apart. The beaks have an angle greater than 100°. The cardinal margin is long and arched. Cardinal area narrow. Anterior margin broadly rounded, produced, thin, very carinate, and short. Ventral margin long, arcuate, and slightly carinate. Posterior margin slightly produced about equal in length to the anterior margin, somewhat obliquely truncate, and blunt. The posterior umbonal slope is convex, rounded, end evenly curved from the bea?:s to the posterior side. Posterior umbonsl ridge faintly marked. The anterior umbonal ridge is nearly equal to the posterior ridge, but concave. The posterior muscle scars are large, gently raised, enguler, and suboval. Anterior muscle scar raised, and characteristic in shape. Psllial line distinct, long, end entire. Shell quite ventricose throughout, anterior and posterior ends nearly equal in width. The greatest thickness is slightly posterior to the center, also posterior to the point of the beaks. Arctica guadalupensis is similar to A. navicularia especially in the elongate, boat-shaped lower portion, but the beaks are differently shaped. Those of A. guadalupensis are more central, broader, and more rounded on the posterior side. The post-umbonal slope is arched, while thax of A. navjoule ria is almost straight. The anterior umbonal ridge of A,. guadalupenais is much longer then in A. navicularia and the shell is more ventricose. Arctics guadalupensis was named by Miss dinette Ries in an unpublished paper. Dimensions: Height 36 m., length 42 mm., width 28 mm. Occurrence; Clay bed elong road from Fischer Store to Cranes Mill, about half a mile from Fischer Store, Comal County, Tex. Arctica banderaensis Ries n. n. Plate XL, Figures 1-2. Cast moderately large, ventricose, very high, short, equivalve, and inequilateral. Beaks very high, subcentral, directed anteriorly, fairly close together, bluntly pointed, greatly inflated, heavy and rounded. Cardinal margin long and greatly arched. Cardinal area narrow posteriorly, but somewhat widened anteriorly. Anterior margin slightly produced above, long, thin, carinate, rounded, and sloping inward toward the ventral margin which is thin anteriorly but broader behind, carinate, nearly straight and slightly longer than the anterior side. Posterior margin short, blunt, very slightly curved, and nearly vertical. Posterior umbonal ridge exceedingly long, very steep, sharply curved on top but only slightly curved on the side. The post-umbonal slope is arched from the tip of the beaks to the posterior margin. It is long, con. vex, and not distinctly differentiated from the posterior umbonal ridge. Anterior umbonel ridge short and concave. Anterior end somewhat thinner than the posterior end. The shell is very ventricose back of the anterior umbonal ridge. The greatest thickness is about in the center of the shell. The posterior muscle scars are not visible in the material at hand The anterior muscle scars ere very prominent, exceedingly raised, and characteristic in shape. The pallia 1 line is long and entire. This shell does not closely resemble any other species of irctica from the Glen Rose. The great height, the peculiar post-umbonal slope, the short ventral margin and the long, broad umbones set it apart from all other species. Dimensions: Height 75 mm., length 63 mm., width 56 mm. Occurrence: Fischer Store-Cranes Mill road, 3.9 miles from Fischer Store, Comal County, Tex.; twelve miles south of Boerne on Bandera-Boerne road, Bandera County, Tex. Arctica roemeri (Cragin) Plate XXXVIII, Figures 1-2. Cyprina roemeri Cragin, Geol. Survey Texas Fourth Ann. Rept, 1893, p. 179, pl. 38, figs. 1, 2. Arc ties r o erne ri, Adkins, Handbook of Cretaceous Fossils, Univ, of Texes Bull. 2838, 1928, p. 152. laocardia (?) medialis, Hill, Proceedings of the Biol. Soc. of Washington, 1893, p. 31, Pl. 11, figs. 4,5; Pl. 111, fig. 6. Cast small to very large, subtrienguler, somewhat ventricose, equivalve, inequilateral. Beaks high, oblique, subcentral, directed anteriorly, incurved, fairly close together, inflated. Cardinal margin very long, slightly arched. Cardinal area narrow. Anterior margin produced, carinate, thin, broadly rounded, quite long. Ventral margin long, arcuate, slightly carinate, but thicker than the anterior margin. Posterior margin produced, quite short and blunt. The shell is very long In the lower portion and also the width is very considerable below the umbones, The post-umbonal slope is very long, oblique, arched, and convex. The post-umbonal ridge is not distinguished definitely from the slope. The anterior umbonal ridge is fairly long and profoundly concave. The posterior muscle scars are not visible in the material at hand. The anterior muscle scars are large, considerably elevated, and ovate in shape. The pallial line is long, entire, and marked by bead-like elevations. The sides are somewhat compressed in the lower portion, but slightly ventricose above the' middle. The greatest thickness is high on the umbones. The posterior end of the shell is somewhat wider than the anterior end. Arctlca roemerl is similar to A. gibbosa, but it is more produced posteriorly, longer in proportion to its height, the post-umbonal slope rises at a lower angle, and the beaks curve more toward the anterior. Dimensions: Height 97 mm., length 100 mm., width 57 mm. Occurrence: At Lohmann Ford of Colorado River, Travis County, Tex. Arctica bybeei n. sp. Plate XLII, Figures 1-2. Cast medium sized, exceedingly" ventricose, somewhat elongate, equivalve, inequilateral, roughly four-sided. Beaks slightly posterior, greatly inflated, incurved, very close together, bluntly pointed and directed anteriorly, quite broad and having an angle of about 95° at the points. Cardinal area very narrow. Cardinal margin long, slightly arched. Anterior margin produced, long and nearly straight on the cardinal side, long and broadly curved below, slightly sloping in the upper portion, thin and carinate. Ventral margin long and arcuate, blunt to slightly carinate. Posterior margin short end rounded, faintly carinate. The posterior end is very broad and exceedingly inflated, while the anterior end is more tapering and thinner. The post-umbonal slope is exceedingly convex, rounded above, slightly flattened near the posterior margin. The postumbonal ridge is not definitely distinct from the slope and is not very long. The anterior umbonal ridge is quite long and concave. Posterior muscle scars unknown. Anterior muscle scars only slightly elevated, characteristic in shape. Aretica bybeei is very closely related to A. comalensls and differs only in a few minor details. The anterior margin is longer and straighter on too in £. bybeei. the beaks are more inflated, closer together, and have a different curvature on the posterior side. The muscle scars are not so prominent and the interior region In the neighborhood of the scars is more compressed. A. bybeei also very closely resembles A. 17 curvirostris Coquand. However, some few differences can be noted. A. bybeei has lower beaks and a slightly different curvature of the post-umbonal slope. The anterior margin is not so vertical as in A. curvirostris and the ventral margin is more nearly straight. Dimensions: Height 77 mm., length 90 mm., width 65 mm. Occurrence: Salenia texang horizon, one mile east of Bandera, Tex. Arctics pseudo-texans Ries n. sp. Plate XXXIX, Figures 7-0. Cast medium sized, angular, slightly ventricose, equivalve, inequilateral. Beaks high, narrow, bluntly pointed, inflated, far apart anteriorly, directed anteriorly. Cardinal margin short, prominently produced, sloping obliquely into the ventral margin, thin, and carinate. Ventral margin long, straight to arcuate, thin, carinate, angular at the posterior end. Posterior margin longer than the an erior margin, truncate below, sloping obliquely into the cardinal margin above. Posterior umbonal slope long, nearly straight except near the tip of the beaks where it bends slightly, convex and not clearly distinguishable from the post-urabonal ridge. Anterior umbonal ridge quite long, profounuly concave. The posterior muscle scars are not visible, but the anterior muscle scars are very prominent, greatly raised and quite arched. Both ends of the shell are fairly thin. The central portion is slightly ventricose. The greatest thickness is near the center of the shell. Arctica pseudo-texana is intermediate between A. texana and A. plummerae. It resembles the former in its long, narrow beazs, but differs from it in having a shorter anterior umbonal ridge and in not being produced on the postero-ventral portion. The muscle scars are also more prominent. It resembles A. plummerae in general shepe, but the beaks are higher, narrower and more anterior, the muscle scars are lower and the anterior umbonal ridge is longer and more concave. Dimensions: Height 67 mm., length 66 mm., width about 46 mm. Occurrence: County road near fork with highway 46 west of Smithson Valley, Tex. Superfamily ASTARTACKA Dall Family ASTARTIDAE d’Orbigny (emend.) Genus Astarte Sow. Astarte (?) damoni n. sp. Plate VIII, Figures 13-14. Cast small, elongate-elliptical, equivslve, inequilateral. Beaks small, low, anterior, rounded at the point, angular on each side, directed anteriorly, and close together. Umbonal margin straight, high, slightly depressed under the beaks, carinate on the posterior end anterior ends. Anterior margin narrowly rounded and sharp. Ventral margin arcuate, keel-like, meeting the anterior and posterior ends in broad, rounded curves. Posterior margin narrowly rounded in the lower portion but passes into a gentle, arcuate curve to the umbonal margin. It is also keel-like. The umbonal ridge is sharp near the beaks, but as it passes obliquely downward to the posterior side it becomes broad and rounded. The post-umbonal slope is narrow, distorted, lanceolate, concave above and flattened below. The sides are slightly convex but not inflated. The greatest thickness is a little above the center of the shell. The greatest height is at the beaks, but at the posterior end of the umbonel margin it almost equals the height at the beaks. The sides and umbonel slopes are lined with coarse, fairly regular, concentric rings. The hinge is unknown. The genus of this species is in doubt because of the lack of knowledge about the hinge. It bears strong resemblance, however, to some of the elongate species of Astarte. Dimensions: Height 13 mm., length 22 mm., width 8 mm. Occurrence: Salenia texana horizon, one mile east of Bandera, Tex. Astarte deeni n. sp. Plate XV, Figure 1 Numerous very small casts have been found imbeded in limestone, but none has been successfully removed, so that many of the characteristics can not be determined. Cast usually very small, three to eight millimeters in diameter, but sometimes it attains about twelve millimeters. It is subtriengular in shape and as high as long. The beaks ere subcentral, pointed, but directed to the anterior, smell, and incurved. The posterior cardinal margin is long and arched to the tip of the beaks, while the anterior cardinal margin is shorter and slightly convex. The anterior and posterior margins are similar in height and shape and narrowly rounded. Ventral margin broadly rounded. The shell is quite ventricose in the middle and tapers somewhat abruptly to the margins. The surface is covered by about a dozen coarse carinate, regular, concentric ridges. Dimensions: Height 13 mm., length 13 mm. Occurrence: Pleasant Valley-Fischer Store road, about 225 feet above the base of the Glen Rose; also found at Cow Creek, Burnet County, Tex. Family CRASSATELLIDAE Dall Genus CRASSATELLITES Krdger Crassatellites eifleri n. sp Plate XVII, Figure 9. The only specimen found is imbedded in a rock in such a way that it is impossible to see ell the characters. Cast elongate, elliptical, equivalve, very inequilateral, large, compressed. The ventral and posterior cardinal margins are practically parallel. Beak high, prominent, erect, acuminate. Hinge straight, and long. Teeth diverging, large, high, end long; impressions deep and narrow. In the right valve there is a long, thickened lateral tooth, a strong anterior cardinal tooth, a weaker medial tooth, and a long, curved, thin lateral tooth. In the left valve there is no anterior lateral tooth visible. Two cardinal teeth, of which the anterior is the stronger, are present. There also apoears to be a posterior lateral tooth. The posterior cardinal margin slopes down abruptly from the beak, flattens out and becomes almost horizontal. The anterior cardinal margin and the anterior and posterior margins are not visible. The ventral margin is visible only in part and seems to be gently arcuate. The side of the shell is flattened. The umbonal ridge is wide and rounded. The umbonrl slope is quite wide and concave, triangular in outline. The pallial line is elevated, beaded, curving at the anterior end, straight on the ventral side, sharply pointed and acuminate on the posterior end and swings sharply back toward the beaks paralleling the umbonal ridge. The posterior muscle scar is large, transverse, oval, irregular along its borders, depressed posteriorly and ventrelly, elevated anteriorly and dorsally, and flattened on the dorsal side where it is in contact with the cardinal margin. The area below the pallial line is flat in the anterior portion but depressed and concave beyond the middle. Dimensions: Height 30 mm., length about 70 mm., width 1? mm. Occurrence: Near the base of the Glen Rose at the big spring on Guadalupe River near Cranes Mill, Tex. Superfamily CARDITACEA Menke Family CARDITIDAE Gill Genus Cardita Brug. Cardita Stafford! n. sp. Plate XVII, Figures 3-4. Cast elongate, angular, small, equivalve, inequilateral, Beaks far apart, high, prominent, bluntly pointed, subcentral, directed anteriorly. Hinge with impressions of one cardinal tooth on the right valve and two in the left valve. Posterior cardinal margin short, high, straight. Anterior umbonal margin short, curved and gently sloping. Anterior margin obliquely truncate, short, carinate and denticulate. Ventral margin long, slightly curved, carinate, denticulate. Posterior margin blunt, obliquely truncate, nearly parallel to the anterior margin which is slightly shorter than the posterior margin. The lower part of the posterior margin is rounded and denticulate, while the upper part is straight. The sides of the shell are quite compressed. The umbonal region is slightly ventricose. The anterior muscle scars are oval, raised and close to the anterior margin. The posterior muscle scars are oval, reised, situated on the post-umbonal slope at the angle between tne umbonal margin and the posterior margin. Dimensions: Height 3.7 mm., length 47 mm., width 23 mm. Occurrence: Speck’s Crossing of Guadalupe River, Comal County, Tex.; basal Glen Rose. Superfamily CHAMACBA Geinitz Family DICERATIDA® Dall. Genus Toucasia Mun.-Chaim. Toucasia texana (Roemer) Plate XX, Figures 1-3. Caprotina texana Roemer, 1852, Die Kreid. von Texas, p. 80, Pl. V. Requienia texana, White 1384, On Mesozoic Fossils, U. S. Geol. Survey, Bull. 4, p. 7, Pl. 11, figs. 5-7. Requienia texana, Hill 1889, A preliminary annotated check list of the Cretaceous invertebrate fossils of Texas. Geol. Survey of Texas, Bull. 4., Toucasie texana, Scott 1926, Etudes stratigraphiques et paleontologiques sur les terrains cretaces de Texas. Requienia texana, Hill 1893, Proceedings of the Biol. Soc. of Washington, vol. VIII, p. 28. Touchsin texanr, Adkins, Handbook of Cretaceous Fossils, Univ, of Texas Bull. 2838, 1928, p. 144. Shell smell to medium in size, thick, very inequivalve. Left valve large, convex on the opposite side, carinate along the edge. Right valve very small, similar in form to the left valve, slightly coiled at the beak, flattened to concave on the broad side, convex on the opposite side, carinate, operculiform. The shell itself is thin and often consists of only one layer, but a few specimens have two layers. The sides are covered by curving, irregular, lines. In the cast two deep, narrow, curving grooves can be seen on the convex side. The two valves are at a very acute angle to one another. The superior valve rises sharply above the inferior valve on the convex side and falls steeply to the truncate, acute juncture of the two valves. It can not be seen when the shell is viewed from the attachment side. Toucasia texana resembles Caprotina Lonsdalii d’Orb. or Toucasia transverse Paquier in the position of its superior valve, but the beaks are more compressed than those of the European species. It has been generally believed that Roemer collected his specimens from the Edwards limestone, but there is a possibility that he may also have collected some specimens from the Glen Rose because he mentions that they were found on the road from New Braunfels to Fredericksburg. He had to travel over much Glen Rose country as well as Edwards to make the journey from the one town to the other and could well have found this species in both formations because the Glen Rose specimens agree in all respects with those of the Edwards limestone. Occurrence: Bluff on Ouadalupe Biver, four miles below Hencock, Tex. ; one mile North of Cranes Mill, Comal County, Tex.; near Kimberly, Hays County, Tex. Toucasia hancockensis n. sp. Plate XIX, Figures 1-3. Shell small to medium in size, very inequivalve. Beaks twisted and somewhat elevated. Left valve large, flattened and concave on the attachment side; rounded inflated and deeply grooved with two long, curved, narrow, grooves on thd opposite side. The edge of the shell is sharply carinate where the original shell is preserved, but rounded in the cost. The right valve is smeller then the left valve, but similar in shape. The superior valve is not truely operculiform because it attains considerable thickness and width. It is flattened end concave on the attachment side; rounded end inflated on the opposite side. Here it is flush with inferior valve or slightly depressed, but never jutting above it as does Toucasia texana . The edge is carinate. On the attachment side the superior valve is plainly visible. In some specimens it is practically flush with the surface of the inferior valve, but in others it is at an angle of 30° to 40° to the inferior valve. The surface of the shell is rough and corrugated where the outside layer is preserved, but is smooth where it is not preserved. Long, curved lines cross the shell. There seem to be at least two thin layers of shell material present, but in some places a third layer is visible. Along the keel the shell material is thicker t an elsewhere. The lower layer is translucent while the upper layers seem to be opaque. Toucasle hancockenejs. bears some resemblance to T. texana but differs in several respects. The beaks are more elevated, giving the shell a more twisted apnearence. The superior valve differs in size, shape and position. It is larger, broader and is practically flush with both sides of the inferior valve. It is always visible from the attachment side even when it stands at an angle to the left valve and its width increases the size of the shell over that of T. texana. Also T. hancockensis seems to be more inflated. It resembles T. carinata SSatheron in the shape and placement of the superior valve end in the general shape of the shell. It differs, however, in being much narrower than T. carinata. Occurrence: Bluff on Guadalupe River four miles below Hancock, Tex. Toucasis pseudopatagiata n. sp. Plate XIX, Figures 4-6. Shell moderately small, greatly elevated and twisted, narrow and inequivalve. Left valve larger, flattened, and concave on the attachment side, rounded and slightly inflated on the opposite side, carinate, contorted, beak highly twisted and elevated. Right valve smaller, somewhat operculiform but quite broad on the anterior end and narrowed at the posterior end. The beaks are twisted but compressed, end the flattened side is wide and concave. The right valve drops sharply away from the inferior valve at an angle of 90° when the shell is viewed from the attachment side, and it can not be seen in this view. On the opposite side it rises obliquely to a considerable height above the inferior valve. The shell material appears to be thin except along the keel and consists of two layers of shell material. The outer layer is corrugated while the inner layer is smooth. Long, oblique lines cover the surface. Toucasia nseudopatagiata is probably an ancestor of T. patagiata, for it has a similar form but is not so twisted nor so high. The beaks are not so elevated and the slopes are not so steep along the sides. The upper valve differs in shape. It is narrower, particularly on the posterior and anterior ends. The beak of the right valve in T. patagiata is so large that it coils up over the upper portion of the inferior valve, which gives it quite r different appearance from T. pseudopetagiata in this portion, but the rest of the shell is quite similar to it in general appearance. Occurrence: About 30 feet above the Salenia texana horizon near the base of Shovel Mountain near Cypress Creek in Blanco County, Tex. Family MONQPLEURIDA& Fischer Genus Monopleura Matneron Monopleura marcida (?) White Plate XXIII, Figure 6. marclda White, U. S. Geol. Survey Bull. 1884, no. 4, p. 8, Pl. 111, IV. Vonopleure marcida, F. Roemer, Peleont. Abhandl., Vierter Band, 1888, Heft. 4, pp. 10, 11, Taf. 11l (XXXIII), figs. la-d. Monopleura marcida, Hill, Biol. Soc. Washington Proc., vol. 8, 1893, p. 29, no. pl. Monopleura marciaa, Adkins, Handbook of Cretaceous Fossils, Univ, of Texas Bull. 2838, 1928, p. 144, Pl. 11, fig. 4. Monopleara marclda, Scott, Etudes stratigraphiques et paleontologiques sur les terrains cretaces du Texas, 1926, p. 174. Shell small, elongate, narrow, slightly twisted. Right valve, with ligamental groove from the apex to the hinge line, subelliptical In cross section, cone shaped. Left valve small, operculiform. The shell is quite thin, composed of two layers of material; the outer one of which is corrugated and rough. The shell is nearly always very poorly preserved in the Glen Rose but very abundant. It forms reefs. The shells frequently erode out of the bed rock leaving small, rounded holes, forming e honey-comb appearance. Occurrence: At Lohmann Ford of Colorado F.iver, twelve to fourteen feet above the river, Travis County, Tex. Monopleure subtriquetra Roemer Plate XXIII, Figure 7. Monopleura subtriquetra Roemer, Die Kreid. von. Texas, 1852, p. 81, Pl. V, fig. sa, b. Monopleura subtriquetra, Adkins, Handbook of Cretaceous Fossils, Univ, of Texas Bull. 2838, 1928, p. 145. jjlonopleura subtriquetra, Hill, Biol. Soc. Washington Proc., 1893, vol. VIII, p. 103. Monopleura subtriquetra, Scott, Etudes stratigraphiques et peleontologiques sur les terrains cretaces du Texas, 1926, p. 174. Only the cast of the right valve has been found end it agrees with Roemer’s description. The shell is shaped like a horn, bent but not twisted spirally. It expands rapidly, is rounded, subtriangular, has a strong, rounded keel extending along its entire siue. Parallel to the keel, there is a long depression which probably corresponds to the ligaments! groove which Roemer described. The shell is rounded on two sides and flattened on the other. It is bluntly pointed. Occurrence: About 40 feet below the Salenia texana horizon, three miles north of Hancock, Tex. about one-half mile west of Fischer Store-Hancock road. Monopleura sp. Plate XXIII, Figure 5. Cast elongate, narrow, straight, compressed, conical No distortion is apparent. Only the right valves are present The shell is pointed at the end but becomes quite broad below The shell material that is present is very thin, fragile and marked by fine longitudinal lines. Since the specimens are so poorly preserved it is impossible to determine the species It differs from the other species from the Glen Rose in being nearly straight and in lacking any twisting. Occurrence: About four miles north of Carnes Mill, Cornel County, Tex. Cox Crossing of Pedernales River, Travis County, Tex. Family CAPRINIDAE d*orbigny Genus Immanitas (l) Palmer Immanitas texanus n. sp. Plate XXII, Figure 1. Cast very long, slender, arcuate, or loosely colled. The valves are not quite equal in length, but they sre similar in form. In cross section they are roughly quadrangular. Extending the full length of the cast there is a ridge bounded on one side by a very deep, narrow groove and two smeller ridges and on the other side by a smaller groove. On the opposite side of the shell there is a long, sinuous groove extending from beak to beak. The shell structure is eroded, but small, striated ridges appear all over the surface and probably correspond to the tubular structure described by Palmer. Nothing is known of the dental apoaratus. Because the shell is so poorly preserved, very little is known about it. In numerous places it forms reefs. One of the finest reefs is just above Pleasant Valley Crossing of Blanco River. Immanites texana differs from I. enehuacensis Palmer, in that the valves are not equal in length and the shell is not so wide. Dimensions: Length about 550 mm., width about 50 mm. Occurrence: About 235 feet above the base of the Glen Rose, three miles north of Hancock, Tex. about one-half mile west of Fischer Store-Hancock road; also found on highway 46 about two miles west of Smithson’s Valley, Comal County, Tex. Superfamily LITCINACIOA Anton (emend.) Family LUCINIDA® Fleming Genus Lucina Brug. Lucina (Phacoides) hcrni n. sp. Plate XVI, Figures 5-6. Cast small, compressed, subcircular, equivalve, almost equilateral. Beaks small, not prominent, central, very slightly turned toward the anterior, very close together. Hinge unknown. The anterior and posterior cardinal margins nearly equal in length and sloping. Anterior cardinal margin slightly concave. Posterior cardinal margin straight. Anterior, ventral and posterior margins thin and arcuate; together forming about two-thirds of e circle. The curvature is quite uniform up to the cardinal margins where it flattens out. The posterior is marked by a very faint umbonal ridge which extends from the beaks to the posterior border leaving f narrow, triangular post-umbonal slope. Prllial line long, arcuate, entire, Sides of shell show e few concentric, fairly coarse lines. Greatest thickness about the center of the shell. Greatest height at the beaks. Dimensions: Height 24 mm., length 28 mm., width 10 mm. Occurrence: Northwest of Benders, Texas on the Hansen ranch; on Little Blanco River on Smithson’s Valley-Twin Sister Mountain road; Cranes Mill-Fischer Store road, three miles from Fischer’s Store, Tex., 290 feet above Guadalupe River; on the Devil’s Bac.kbone near the top of the Glen Rose in Hays County, Tex. Genus Corbis Cuv. Corbis hamiltonae n. sp. Plate XVI, Figures 11-12. Casts large, exceedingly ventricose, height, length and width nearly equal, equivalve, only slightly inequilateral. Beaks nearly central, directed anteriorly, large, rounded, incurved. Hinge arched, warped at the anterior end, showing impressions of two teeth in each valve. Posterior cardinal margin long, steeply sloping, convex, curving evenly to the tips of the beaxs. Anterior cardinal margin deeply concave; short steep, almost vertical. Anterior end posterior margins narrowly rounded, similar in shape and siae. Ventral margin broadly rounded, keel-like, crenulate. The pallial line is arcuate, oaralleling the ventral margin. Beneath the margin the border of the shell Is quite thin, but above It the shell expands suddenly to a great thickness. The greatest height is at the beaks. The greatest thickness is at the center of the shell. Mo surface markings can be seen on the cast at hand. Dimensions: Height 47 mm., length 52 mm., width 43 mm. Occurrence: Twelve miles south of Boerne, Tex. on the Boerne-Bandera road. Corbis banderaensis n. sp. Plate XVII, Figures 1-2. Cast subovate, moderately large, very ventricose, equivalve, inequilateral. Beaks blunt, rounded, far apart, quite high, prominent, anterior but twisted very slightly to ward the posterior. Hinge with deep and wide impressions of teeth, one showing small grooves along the hinge. Posterior cardinal margin long, quite straight, curved at the outer end. Anterior cardinal margin shorter, arched, steeply sloping and carinate. Anterior margin very short and rounded. Anterior end greatly thickened. Ventral margin profoundly rounded, somewhat carinate, and denticulate. Posterior margin broadly rounded, closed. Posterior end only slightly thinner than the anterior end. The vhole shell is greatly inflated. The thickest portion is somewhat belo” the beaks. The highest portion is at the beaks. Umbonal rkge slightly prominent. Postumbonal slope wide, concave. The palliel line is entire. Anterior muscle scar large, oval, raised on the posterior side. The posterior muscle scar is siturted high on the post-umbonal slope, subovnl, produced for a short distance up the posterior cardinal margin, marked by curved longitudinal lines and raised on the anterior side. Ho surface markings are present on the cast. Corbis banderaensis differs from C. hemiltonae in having its beaks very terminal and by being slightly less ventricose. Dimensions: Height 50 mm., length 60 mm., width 45 mm. Occurrence: Salenia texane horizon on the Hanson ranch nine miles northwest of Bandera, Tex. Cyclodonta Superfemily CARDIACEA Lamarck Family CARDIIDAE Fischer Genus Cardium Lin. Cardium congestum Conrad Plate XVI, Figures 2-3. Cardium congestum Conrad, 1857, Rept on the U. S. and ;!ex. Boundary Survey, Descriptions of Cretaceous and Tertiary Fossils, vol. I, pt. 11, p. 149, Pl. VI, figs. sa-d. Cardium congestum, Adkins, Ftendbook of Cretaceous Fossils, Univ, of Texas Bull. 2838, 1928, p. 158. Cast smell, ventricose, cordate, higher than long, equivalve, inequilateral. Beaks high, narrow, pointed, incurved, central, not directed to the anterior, fairly close together. Hinge arched and warped showing the impressions of one very strong cardinal tooth in each valve and presenting a very wide and elevated process on the anterior side. Cardinal margins similar, short, sloping. Anterior margin broadly rounded, sloping, obliquely to the narrow, curvea ventral margin. Posterior margin broadly rounded, high, rising abruptly from the ventral margin. Shell prolonged obliquely on the postero-ventral portion. Central portion of the shell greatly thickened, standing out prominently from the low lateral portions. Greatest thickness beneath the beaks and considerably above the center of the shell. Greatest height st the beaks. No pallial line is evident. On the sides can be see.- faint traces of fine, diverging radial striae. The edges of the cast are crenulate. There is a very small ridge expending from near the beaks to the middle of the posterior margin and indicating a groove on the inside of the original shell. The post-umbonal slope is slightly concave. Dimensions: Height 25 mm., length 14 mm., width 13 mm. Occurrence: Middle Glen Rose 2.5 miles from Driftwood. Tex.; one mile east of Bandera, Tex.; on the road to Cox Crossing of Pedernales River; twelve miles from Boerne, Tex. on the Boerne-Bandera road; northwest and northeast of Bandera, Tex.; 290 feet above Guadalupe River on the Cranes Mill-Fischer Store road. Cardium subcongestum Bbse Plate XVI, Figure 8. Cardium subcongestum Btise, Inst. Geol. de Mexico, 1910, 801. 25, Pl. XXVII, figs. 6-13. Cardium subcongestum, Adkins, Handbook of Cretaceous Fossils, Univ, of Texas Bull. 2838, 1928, p. 158. All specimens at hand are imbeded in rock, so that not all the characters can be described. Cast small, convex, suboval, subequilateral. Beaks small, pointed, incurved, central. Hinge not visible in the specimens at hand, but B6se says that there are two cardinal teeth in his specimens. Cardinal margins equal, sloping. Anterior and posterior margins about equal, rounded and passing gradually into the broad arcuate ventral margin. The anterior portion of the shell is slightly more convex than the posterior part The greatest height is at the beaks. The greatest thick ness is slightly below the beaks. The surface is covered with about 22 smooth, radiating ribs which are straight in the posterior part and curved in the medial end anterior portions. The ribs increase in width toward the ventral margin and appear in the cast to be narrower than the grooves between them. Dimensions: Height 12 mm., length 15 mm., width of right valve 5 mm. Occurrence: Between Kendalia, Tex. and Boerne, Tex., about ten miles from Kendalia and also six miles southeast of Bandera. Genus Granocardium Gabb Granocardium pseudopendens n. sp. Plate XVI, Figure 1. The species at hand fits the description of Proto- cardia pendens Cragin in nearly all details except the ornamentation. Since the striae which he described «ere on the median slope, it is not likely that he was dealing with a Protocardia, but rather with a Granocardium. The specimens under examination are imbeded in rock so that not all the characters can be determined. Cast elongete in the direction of the beaks, quite convex, inequilateral. Beaks pointed, narrow, high, incurved and erect, central. Cardinal margins sloping, short, similar. Anterior margin broadly rounded, sloping obliquely to the broad ventral margin. Postero-ventral portion very slightly longer than the antero-ventral portion. Posterior margin broadly rounded. Median portion high, sloping steeply to the low lateral and ventral margins. The hinge is unknown. The margins are crenulate. The surface is covered with fine radiating striae which have an alternate arrangement. There ere coarser striae which ©re separated by two rows of fine striae. The arrangement in Protocardie pendens was one to one and it is on this basis that the species at hand has been separated from Protocardia pendens even though it fits Cragin’s description in most respects. The tubercles on the striae are elongate in the direction of the height of the shell end are large on the coarse ribs and very small on the fine ribs. The anterior umbonal slope seems to be free from striae, but a few are visible on the posterior. The greatest height is st the beaks and the greatest thickness is below the beaks and somewhat above the center of the shell. Dimensions: Height 30 mm., length 27 mm., width about 8 mm. on the one valve that is present. Occurrence: About six miles southeast of Bandera, Tex. Genus Protocardia Beyr. Protocardia texana Conrad Plate XVI, Figure 4. Cardium Hillanum, (Sow.) Roemer, 1849, Texas, p. 406. Cardium Hillanum, Roeder, 1852, Die Kreid. von Texes, p. 49, Pl. VI, fig. 12. Cardium (Protocardie) texana Conrad, 1857, Rept. H. S. end Mex. Boundary Survey, vol. 1, pt. 2, p. 150, pl. 6, figs. 6a-c. Cardium (Protocardia) Hillenum, BOse, Inst. Geol. de Mexico, 1910. 801. 25, p. 129, Lam. XXVII, figs. 4,5; Lam XXVII, figs. 1, 3 Protocardie texana, Twenhofel, . H. , Geology and Invertebrate Paleontology of the Comanchean and Formations of Kansas, State Geol. Survey of Kansas, Bull. 9, 1924, p. 80, Pl. XX, figs. 1-6. Protocardia texana, Winton, W. M., The Geology of Denton County, Univ, of Texas Bull. 2544, 1925, p. 49, Pl. VIII, fig. 2. Protocardia texana, Adkins, Handbook of Cretaceous Fossils, Univ, of Texas Bull. 2838, 1928, P . 159, Pl. 11, fig. 5. Cast small to large, ventricose, equivalve, inequilateral. Beaks narrow, subcentral, incurved, close together, pointed, not directed to the anterior. Hinge arched and warped, showing indentations which indicate the presence of teeth, also the hinge is unusually thickened on the anterior side. The cardinal margins are steep, the posterior longer than the anterior. Anterior margin somewhat narrowly rounded, sloping rather steeply into the broad and oblique ventral margin. The posterior margin is high and quite truncate. Pellial line arcuate, usually indistinct. Posterior muscle scar raised sharply on the dorsal and anterior sides, rounding sharply in the angle between these sides, flat on the rest of its surface. Anterior muscle scar raised, protuberant, oval, oblique. The entire shell is thick except the narrow, keel-like borders. The greatest thickness is slightly above the center. The greatest height is at the beaks. Post-umbonel ridge rounded, long, lew, oblique, not prominent. Post-umbonal slope wide, slightly concave, covered with coarse, diverging, vertical ribs. The rest of the shell is covered with regular, coarse, concentric rings, which end at the post umbonal ridge. Dimensions: Height and length 56 mm. each; width 34 mm. Occurrence: At Cox Crossing of Pedernale s River; massive beds at the base of the Glen Rose at Cranes Mill; Kyle- Blanco road about four miles west of Jacob’s Well road; Fischer Store-Cranes Mill road, one-half mile from Fischer Store, Tex. Protocardia multistriatum (Shumard) Plate XVI, Figure 7. Cardium multistriatum Shumard, Geol. of Red River, p. 207, Pl. IV, fig. 2. 1853. Cardium (Protocardia) multistriatum, Conrad, 1857, Rept. of U. S. and Mexico Boundary Survey, vol. 1, pt. 2, p. 149, Pl. VI, figs. 4a-c. Protocardia multistrlate, Adkins, Handbook of Cretaceous Fossils, Univ, of Texas Bull. 2838, 1928, p. 160. Protocardia sp. aff. multistrlata, Adkins, Univ, of Texas Bull. 1856, 1918, p. 126, Pl. X, figs. 21, 26, 32. Cast suboval, small, equivalve, inequilateral. Beaks close together, central, incurved, narrow, pointed, high, erect. Hinge arched, showing impressions of teeth and an unusually large development on the anterior side. Cardinal margins sloping, nearly equal. Anterior margin broadly rounded. Ventral margin also broadly rounded, and often slightly prolonged in the antero-ventral portion. Posterior margin slightly angular. The shell is quite thick throughout. Greatest thickness just below beaks and greatest height at the beaks. Posterior muscle scar large, raised, round. Anterior muscle scar large, raised, oval, oblique. Posterior umbonal slope covered by fine, radiating striae. Medial end anterior portion of shell covered by numerous, fine, regular, concentric ribs. Dimensions: Height 35 mm., length 35 mm., width 25 mm. Occurrence. Salenia texana horizon on Hansen Ranch nine miles north west of Bandera, Tex. Teleodonta Superfamily VENERACSA Menke Family VENERIDAE Leach Genus Meretrix Lamarck Meretrix texana (Conrad) x Plate XHII, Figures 4-6. Cytheraee texana Conrad, 1857, Rept. of the U. S. and Mex. Boundary Survey, Geology and Paleontology of the Boundary, pt. 2, p. 153, pl. 6, fig. 2. Meretrix texana Adkins, Handbook of Cretacous Fossils, Univ, of Texas Bull. 2838, 1928, p. 164. Caste large suboval, equivalve, inequilateral. Beaks high, pointed, close together, slightly incurved. Umbones convex on the posterior sioe, continuing the curvature of the cardin al margin and concave on the anterior side. Hinge line arcuate, showing the impressions of two teeth on both valves. Posterior cardinal margin long, arched. Anterior cardinal margin, short, concave, ending abruptly at the anterior muscle scar. Anterior margin thin, broadly rounded, high. Ventral margin thin, arcuate. Posterior margin thin, more broadly rounded end higher than the anterior. A slight groove from the umbonal area extends a short distance from the posterior margin. Behind the groove the shell is thin; and in front it becomes suddenly ventricose. The lower borders of the shell are thin, and the shell quickly becomes thickened above the pallial line. The greatest thickness is about in the center. The greatest height is at the beaks. The shell presents a lens shape when viewed from the umbones. Pallial line generally distinct, parallel to the ventral margin, arcuate and prone to possess strong vertical depressions and ridges which are chiefly on the dorsal side of the line and extend upward for about three to five millimeters. The pallial sinus is deep, wide and rounded on the anterior end. The sides are slightly converging and inclined to be wavy. The sinus is directed upward at a very steep angle. The posterior muscle scar is oval, large, prominent and is frequently covered with concentric lines. It is often slightly raised on the anterior edge but is generally flat over the rest of its extent. The anterior muscle scar is more prominent It stands up high on the posterior side, but is low on the anterior side. It is elongate. Tie lower end is expanded to a width of about ten millimeters, while the upper end which turns end proceeds up along the cardinal margin for e short distance becomes attenuated to a point less than one millimeter in width. The scar is frequently covered by vertical lines. In some specimens a few regular fairly coarse trie lines have been preserved on the flanks of the shell, but most specimens, however, are smooth casts. Dimensions: Height 42 mm., length 57 mm., width 22 mm. Occurrence: Salenia texana horizon near Comal-Blanco County line in Blanco County on Highway 46; Cow Creek, Burnet County near the base of the formation and also nine miles east of Bandera, Tex. hanseni n. sp. Plate XVIII, Figures 3, 5. Cast large, high, ventricose, suboval, equivalve, inequilateral. Beaks high, pointed, close together, subcentral, directed anteriorly, convex on the posterior side, concave on the anterior side. Hinge arcuate, presenting the impressions of two teeth in each valve. Posterior cardinal margin long, arcuate, very sloping, evenly curved to the tip of the beaks. Anterior cardinal -nargln concave, short. Anterior and posterior margins nearly equal in shape and height; the posterior is a trifle higher, but both are broadly and evenly rounded and thin at the edge. The ventral margin is also thin at the edge and presents a long, arcuate, keel-like outline. The borders are thin for about one-fourth inch from the edge, and above the pallial line the shell thickens abruptly. There is a slight anterior umbonal ridge which is directed almost vertically downward, but swings anteriorly near the middle portion of the shell and fades out near the anterior muscle scar. The area between the ridge and the scar is depressed. The shell is only slightly longer than high. The greatest height is about the center of the shell and at the beaks. The greatest thickness is slightly above the middle of the shell beneath the beaks. In the umbonal view the shape of the shell is like a very convex lens with a narrow, sharp rim at either side. The pallial line is distinct, arcuate, approximately parallel to the ventral margin. The short vertical ridges and depressions which are found mostly above the pallia! line stand out clearly. The pallial sinus is deep, wide and directed upward at a steep angle. The anterior end is narrow, rounded at the point. The sides are wavy and converging. The posterior muscle scar is large, oval, raised on the anterior side, covered with concentric rings. Anterior muscle scar elongate, elevated greatly on the posterior side, depressed on the anterior side. At the cardinal margin it turns and proceeds along the margin for a short distance and becomes very narrow—attenuating to about one millimeter. It expands below to nearly half an inch in width. It is covered with vertical, gently curved striae. The central portion of the scar is concave. None of the specimens at hand shows ornamentation. This species differs from Meretrix texans in being shorter, higher, and more ventricose. The cardinal margin rises at a steeper angle end is more arched. There is e more pronounced anterior umbonal ridge present, end the posterior and anterior ends ere more nearly equal in size and shape. The posterior muscle scar is more distinct and the anterior muscle seer is depressed in the center while it is very slightly convex to M. texana. Dimensions: Height 55 mm., length 63 mm., width 34 mm. Occurrence: One mile east of Bandera, Tex.; Cranes Mil at. the big spring on Guadalupe River, Comal County, Tex. Meretrix wellsi n. sp. Plate XVIII, Figures 1-2 Cast rotuno, subovate, small, equivalve, inequilateral. Beaks high, slightly subcentral, pointed, incurved, directed anteriorly, close together. Hinge arched, indented with the impressions of cardinal teeth. Posterior cardinal margin convex, arched, long, steep Anterior cardinal margin short, concave. Anterior, ventral and posterior margins similar, broadly rounded, and presenting a continuous curvature in the shape of a hemisphere. The margins are slightly gaping in the specimen at hand. The pallial line is marked by short, vertical ridges and grooves. The pallial sinus is deep, fairly wide, directed upward, sides converging in a narrowly rounded point et the anterior end. Anterior muscle scar oval, slightly oblique, attenuated, and produced posteriorly for a short distance along the anterior cardinal margin. The scar is marked by coarse, arcuate, vertical lines. The posterior muscle scars are not visible on the specimen at hand. The greatest height is at the beaks and the greatest thickness is slightly above the center of the shell. IZeretrix wellsi differs considerably from M. hanseni end M. texana in its shape. Where the two latter species have a long arcuate ventral margin, M. wellsi has a short ventral margin equal in length and curvature to the anterior and posterior margins. It also has a much steeper cardinal margin and is higher than long. Dimensions: Height 39 mm., length 35 mm., width 25 mm. Occurrence: Mr. J. W. Wells collected the specimen on the Boerne-Bandera road twelve miles from Boerne. Genus Cyprimeria Conr. Cyprimeria texana (Roemer) Plate XV, Figures 4-5. Arcopagia texana. Roemer, 1852, Die Kried. von Texas, p. 46, Pl. VI, figs. Ba, b. Arcopagin texana, Conrad 1857, United States and Lexico Boundary Survey Rept., vol. 1, pt. 2, p. 149, Pl. IV, fig. 3a, b. Cyprimeria texena, Cragin, Geol. Survey Texas Fourth Ann. Rept., 1893, p. 177, no. pl. Cyprimeria texana Adkins and Winton, Univ, of Texas Bull. 1945, 1919, p. 76, Pl. XVIII, fig. 6. Cyprimeria texana, Winton, W. M. , The Geology of Denton County, Univ, of Texas Bull. 2544, 1925, p. 49,’P1. IX, fig. 3. Cast subcircular, disc-like, usually quite compressed, equivalve, subequilateral, height and length equal. Beaks small, central, inconspicuous, thin, directed slightly anteriorly but not incurved, rounded on top. Hinge is arcuate and wavy, showing the impressions of teeth. The anterior muscle scar is long, wide at the base and very attenuated at the top; the posterior muscle scar is round. Posterior cardinal margin broadly arched to the tip of the beaks. Anterior cardinal margin very slightly concave and about equal in length to the posterior cardinal margin. Anterior, ventral and posterior margins similar, equal in length and curvature, thin. The shell usually presents a warped appearance when viewed from the edges. It is very thin, often not more than one-fourth of an inch thick at the middle portion, which is the thickest pert of the shell. There are a few large specimens which hsve a thickness of practically an inch at the middle. At the beaks the shell is nearly as thick as at the center, but it tapers in all other directions to thin, sharp margins. The greatest height is at the beaks, and this height is nearly equal to the trensverse diameter. The pellial line does not show distinctly in many specimens, but it seems to parallel the margins and to be entire. None of the sinused condition that Roemer pictured is apparent on the specimens at hand. There are no surface markings on the casts. Dimensions: Height 57 mm., length 64 mm., width 23 mm. Occurrence: 1.4 miles north of Dripping Springs, Tex. on the old road to .Tohnson City, Tex.; one mile east of Bandera, Tex., 2.3 miles west of Fischer Store, Tex. Genus Tapes Megerle Tapes decepta (Hill) Plate VIII, Figures 17-18. Chione (?) decepta Hill, Biol Soc. Washington Proc., 1893, ’vol. VIII, p. 27, pl. 1, figs. 9, 10. Casts elongate, thin, compressed, equivalve, inequilateral, small. Beaks small, pointed, close together, directed anteriorly, slightly incurvea, fairly high and anterior to the center. The hinge is long and appears to possess three divurging teeth in each valve. The anterior teeth are close together. The oosterior cardinal margin is convex and long. Anterior cardinal margin concave, shorter than the posterior side. The anterior margin sharp, thin, quite broadly rounded. Ventral margin arcuate, sharp and curving evenly into the anterior and posterior margins. Posterior margin broader than the anterior margin, rounded, sharp. Pallial line clearly marked and deeply depressed on some specimens. Pallial sinus deep, fairly wide, sides almost parallel, anterior end rounded and directed upward. Posterior muscle scar usually flat but very slightly raised in some specimens but not clearly marked. Anterior muscle scar oval. Sides gently convex, rarely showing any growth lines. Greatest thickness beneath the beaks. Greatest height at the beaks. This species agrees with Hill‘s Chione decepta in nearly all details and closely resembles his figure. He stated that its generic position is in doubt. The dentition of the shell was lacking in his specimen. The teeth in the specimens at band are not very well preserved, but from what can be seen of them and from the thinness of the cast and the general shape it seems more like Tapes than any other genus. Dimensions: Height 25 mat., length 35 mm., width 11 mm. Occurrence: Twelve miles south of Boerne on the Boerne-Banaera road; Fischer Store-Cranes Mil road half a mile from Fischer Store. It is very abundant. Tapes bakeri n. sp. Plate VIII, Figures 15-16. Cast oval, short, small, thin, equivalve, inequilater- al. Beaks high, pointed, incurved, directed anteriorly subcentral, close together. Hinge long curved, appears to have three teeth to each valve. Posterior cardinal margin long and arcuate. Anterior cardinal margin short and narrowly concave. Anterior margin carinate, thin, fairly broadly rounded. Ventral margin quite long, arcuate and curving gently to the anterior and posterior margins. Posterior margin more broadly rounded than the anterior margin. Pallial line depressed, arcuate. Pellial sinus deep, fairly wide, rounded on the anterior end, directed upward. Posterior muscle scar oval, flat. Anterior muscle scar oval, slightly raised on some specimens. Sides smooth very slightly inflated near the beaks, compressed near the ventral margin. Greatest height at the beaks. Tapes bekeri resembles T. decepta (Hill) but is not so long; is more rounded; has a more arcuate ventral margin, shorter and more concave anterior cardinal margin, a shorter posterior cardinal margin and is proportionately thicker. Dimensions: Height 24 mm., length 28 mm., width 13 mm. Occurrence: Abundant throughout the Glen Rose in Salenia texana horizon. Found at Bandera, Tex. and near Fischer Store, Tex. and many other places. Superfamily MYACEA Menke (emend.) Family CORBULIDAE Fleming Genus Corbula Lamarck Corbula martinae n. sp. Plate XX, Figures 4-6. Shell very small, from three to nine millimeters in length, very elongate, inequilateral, slightly inequivalve. The right valve is very slightly larger than the left valve. This does not show up where only the cast is preserved, but in the few cases where the shell has been preserved it is very evident. The beaks are small, anterior, close together, incurved, pointed, directed anteriorly, prominent, nearly terminal. The hinge shows distinct bending between the beaks which would indicate impressions of teeth. From the right valve just posterior to the beak there is a tongue-shaped projection which extends anteriorly and obliquely toward the opposite valve and terminates at the hinge. On either side of this projection there is a deep depression and in the center there is a longitudinal groove. Posterior cardinal margin very long, sloping, and concave; accompanied in the lower extremity by a strong, narrow, rounded ridge which increases in width toward the posterior and decreases toward the anterior end. The anterior cardinal margin is short and concave. The anterior margin is very narrowly rounded. The ventral margin is long, curved at the extreme anterior end, but straightens out in some specimens and remains very slightly arcuate in others; frequently it is concave close to the posterior end. Posterior margin very attenuated and pointed. Possibly it is slightly gaping. Between the umbonal ridge and the ridge on the cardinal margin the shell is very narrow on the posterior end and usually notched very slightly. The umbonal ridge is long, oblique, and very gently curved downward in the middle. It extends from the umbones to the postero-ventral angle. Between this ridge and the one along the cardinal margin there is a long depression which widens toward the posterior end, because the two ridges are slightly diverging. The sides are gently convex, flattening somewhat toward the posterior. The greatest thickness is below the beaks, and the greatest height is at the beaks. The anterior end is thickened, but the posterior end is thin. The pallial line is deep, long, entire, curved at the anterior end, straight along the ventral side, ending abruptly at the umbonal ridge. It is also quite high above the ventral margin. There are no muscle scars visible. The exterior is marked by fine lines near the ventral margin. These lines do not often appear above the transverse mid-line. These lines are curved on the anterior portion and end abruptly at the umbonal ridge. In the casts several coarse ridges can be seen on the sides. Corbula martinae very closely resembles Corbula picteti described in Recueil d‘Etudes Paleontologiques Sur La Faune Cretacique du Portugal, vol. 1, Paul Choffat, 1883, p. 25, figs. 1-4. The lines on the sides are considerably finer and closer together, however, in the species from the Glen Hose. Corbula nlctetl is found in the Bellasien of Portugal which is in reality in the Albian and Cenomanian of Surope according to S. Haug in Treite de Geologic pt. 11, p. 1277. Since these forms anpear to be closely related it is probable that they correspond in age also. Thus the presence of Corbula martinae along with other species related to Albian forms calls forth the suggestion that the equivalent of the Albian begins in the Glen Rose at this horizon 278 feet above the base of the formation as determined by core drilling at the Marshall Ford Dam Site on Colorado River. Corbula martinae is very abundant in a constricted horizon 12 to 15 inches thick. It is an important horizon marker because it is so restricted. Nearly the entire bed is often made up of this species. It is so small that one slab of limestone an inch thick and only a few inches square contains thousands of specimens. To the naked eye they resemble a thick sprinkling of grains of wheat scattered upon the surface of the rock; but to examine them, the lens is necessary. Dimensions: Height 3 mm., length 7 mm., width 1 mm. Occurrence: Several outcrops in Blanco, Travis, Hays, and Comal counties. In Travis County, it is found st Lohmann Ford of Colorado River and on both sides of the Valley of Sandy Creek. It is also found in the cores taken at the site of the Marshall Ford dam on Colorado River about 278 feet above the base of the Glen Rose. In Comal County it is about 310 feet above the base of the Glen Rose. Family SAXICAVIDAE Gray Genus Panopea Lenard Panopea hilli n. sp. Plate XIV, Figures 1-3. Pleuromya (?) henselli Hill, 1893, Biol. Soc. Washington Proc., vol. VIII, p. 31, Pl. IV, fig. 2. Shell of moderate size, less then twice as long as high, equivalve, sides inflated, posterior margin slightly flared and quite widely gaping, anterior margin usually tightly closed and presenting the appearance of a. sharp keel, ventral margin curved. Umbonal margin long and prominent, projecting anterior two-thirds the distance of its posterior prolongation. Hinge line arcuate, very imperfectly preserved on the specimens at hand. On some of the specimens the impressions of two long, rounded teeth can be seen lying side by side. It is on the basis that each valve possesses one tooth that the genus of this species has been renamed; but the beaks are rounded sub- central, moderately small but not prominent. They are incurved, and directed slightly toward the anterior and with a noticeable angularity on the anterior side. Sides lined with numerous coarse, irregular, concentric rings. There are several casts at hand which present a deeply marked and prominent p&llial line with a deep and moderately wide sinus that is angular at the anterior end. The muscle scars do not show up well in any of the casts. Posterior side narrow and truncate, anterior wide and gently rounding. Dr. R. T. Hill placed this species doubtfully in the genus Pleuromya, but it bears a closer resemblance to the genus Panopea. The presence of teeth, the highness of the anterior umbonal margin, the gaping posterior and the shape of the pallial sinus all contribute to the belief that it belongs to the genus Panopea. Because figure 1 end figure 2 on plate IV of the Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, Vol. VIII appear to b e of two different species and sice figure 1 was also pictured in the Twenty-first Annual Report of the U. S. Geol. Survey under the name of Pholadomya henselli by Hill, it seemed that it would be better to use the specific name henselli for the species shown in figure 1. Hence the name Panopea hilli is suggested for the form in figure 2. The general appearance of this species is like that of Panopea Carteronl d’Orb., Paleontologie 3, p. 332, fig. 1, 2. Dimensions: Height 43 mm., length 64 mm., greatest width 30 mm. Occurrence: Founo in. basal Glen Rose in. numerous places such as Bandera, Tex.; Boerne, Tex.; Cow Creek, Burnet County, Tex.i Guadalupe River at Cranes Will, Comal County, Tex.; and in Travis County, Tex. along the Colorado River section. Panopea banderaensis n. sp. Plate XIII, Figures 5-6. The casts at hand are not well preserved. They are elongate, equivalve, inequilateral, of moderate size subelliptical in shape. The beaks are subcentral, anterior, rounded, small, incurved, and close together. The anterior margin curves bluntly to the gently curving pallia! margin. Posterior umbonal margin long, straight, gaping, and sloping. The anterior umbonal margin high for a short distance, but it does not appear to be as high as Panopea hilli. It slopes quite gently into the anterior margin. Posterior end thin and attenuated. Anterior end and middle portion of shell thick. Hinge long and straight; with a long, conical tooth in each valve. Pallial line indistinct. The sinus appears to be deep and narrow, angular at the anterior end. Sides with irregular, concentric rings. This species differs from Panopea hill! chiefly in its long and narrowed form and else the interior umbonal margin is not so high as in P. hilli. It resembles, somewhat, the two species described in Dr. R. H. Cuyler’s dissertation on The Travis Peak Formation of Central Texas, but differs from both of them in several respects. It seems to have a combination of the characters which are found in both P. brill! and P. solcheri and which distinguish the one from the other. Dimensions: Height 39 mm., length 75 mm., width 29 mm. Occurrence; Basal and middle Glen Rose at Cranes Mil on Guadalupe River, Comal County and in Travis County along the Colorado River at Lohmann Ford and at Bandera, Tex. Penopea sellardsi n. sp. Plate XIII, Figures 7-8. Casts small, narrow, long, and attenuated at the ends; equivalve, inequilateral, quite thick below the beaks, usually thin at the ends. Beaks low, rounded, close together, and very slightly subcentral. A low ridge extends from the beaks to the pallia 1 margin on the anterior side. Hinge unknown. Umbonal margin long and gently sloping on either side of the beaks. Anterior and posterior margins similar, narrow, and truncate. Anterior end is usually closed, while the posterior end is usually gaping, attenuated, and quite flaring. Ventral margin gently curved. Sides lined with irregular, concentric ridges. Pallial line indistinct, pallial sinus shallow and narrow. Anterior muscle scar smell, oblique, end ovel shaped. Panopea seilardsi differs from P. banderaensis in being smeller, lower, more attenuated, constricted on the posterior end. Also, the beaks are more central. Dimensions: Height 28 mm., length 55 mm., width 23 mm. Occurrence: -Middle Glen Rose one mile east of Bandera, Tex., and on Comfort-Boerne road, ten miles from Boerne, Tex. Panopea henselli (Hill) Plate XV, Figures 1-2. Pleuromya henselli, 1893, Biol. Soc. Washington Proc., The Paleon tology of the Cretaceous Formations, Vol. VIII, p. 31, Pl. IV, fig. 1. Pholadomya henselli, 1899, 0. S. Geol. Survey, Twenty-first Ann. Rept,, Pl. XXI, fig. 2, no description. Shell generally large, oval, high, elongate, equivalve, and inequilateral. Umbones practically central rounded, incurved, and close together. Hinge line straight, long, carrying a tooth on each valve. Umbonal margin long, high, slightly curved anteriorly, straight posteriorly. Anterior margin closed, wide, evenly curved. Pallial margin curving gently into the anterior and posterior ends, nearly straight in the middle. Posterior margin truncate, wide, gaping, and flaring. Anterior and posterior margins nearly equal in height. Shell thickened in the middle below the beaks and tapering abruptly to the anterior margin but more gently to the posterior margin. Pallia 1 line indistinct. Pallial sinus deep, quite wide, engular end directed upward at the anterior end. Sides often lined by irregular, concentric rings. Ppnopea henselli resembles P. hilli and P. bandera- ensis in general form and appearance, but it differs from them in having the beaks practically central, the posterior end anterior cardinal margins almost equal in length, posterior and anterior margins nearly equal in height. Dimensions: Small specimen: Height 35 mm., length 52 mm., width 23 mm. Occurrence: Lower Glen Fose at Cow Creek, Tex.; near its base at the big spring near Cranes Mill, Comal County, Tex. Class GASTROPODA Sub-Class STRIPTOw’EURA Spengel Order ASPIDOBRANCHIA Schweigger Sub-Order RHIPIDOCLOSSA Troschel Family PLSUROTOMARIIDAS d’Orbigny Genus Pleurotomaria Defrsnce Pleurotomaria glenrosensis n. sp. Plate LIX, Figures 1-2. Cast smell, depressed, orbicular. Spire low, consist - ing of four whorls which increase regularly in size. The last whorl is fairly large. The whorls develop a rather marked keel. They are flattened on top, and the side is short, steeply sloping and truncated at the keel. About six revolving lines decorate the upper side. A few traces of revolving lines can be seen on the fl ttened anterior side also. The shoulders are fair ly wide. The suture is distinct and narrow. The umbilicus is wide end shallow. Angle of spire 121°. Dimensions: Length 7 mm., width 14 mm. Occurrence: Fischer Store, Tex. Family TURBINIDAE Adams Genus Turbo Linn. Turbo cuyleri n. sp. Plate LIX, Figures 6-7. Cast small, suborbicular, depressed. Spire, low, consisting of about three whorls which increase rapidly in size and are ovate to circular in cross section. The lest whorl is large, rounded, and occupies the major portion of the length. The suture increases considerably in width and depth toward the mouth and in the cast the last whorl is entire separated from the second whorl for quite a distance. The umbilicus is wide and deep. Ths mouth is oval in outline. The distorted condition of the lips makes their characterization Impossible. Spiral angle 135°. Turbo cuyleri beers some resemblance to T. konzi which Cuyler described in his dissertation on the Travis Peak formation. The spire on the Turbo cuyleri is lower and of greater angle than in T. konzi. Dimensions: Length 18 mm.; width 24 mm. Occurrence: Three miles south of Bandera, Tex. Turbo mcallisteri n. sp. Plate LIX, Figures 15-16. Cast small, conical, Spire elevated, acuminate, composed of about five circular whorls which increase regularly in size. The last whorl is not very much larger than the preceeding whorl. Two faint revolving ridges can be seen on the whorls. These probably indicate the remains of ornamentation. The aperture is round. The umbilicus is small and deep. Spiral angle 65°. Dimensions: Length 15 mm.; width 12 mm. Occurrence: Fischer Store, Tex. Family MERITIDAE Lamarck Genus Merita Linn. Merits bonnellensis n. sp. Plate LIX, Figures 4-5. Shell small, flattened, nearly semicirculer. The spire is low excentric, consisting of three very unequal whorls. The outer whorl is narrow on the side opposite the mouth but rapidly enlarges as it approaches the mouth. It is decorated with a row of about thirteen rounded tubercles on the edge of the posterior side. A row of smaller tubercles is near the suture and between this row end the outer one there is a third row of minute tubercles. At least three rows of irregularly arranged tubercles can be seen on the vertical side of the shell. There are numerous small, radial lines which swing slightly backward. The outer whorl slopes at a low angle to the row of large tubercles then drops vertically a short distance to the anterior side which is so bedly crushed on the specimen at hand that nothing definitely is known about it beyond the fact that it appears to have a smooth surface. The lip is also broken. Spiral angle 126°. Only one specimen has been found, and its shell is preserved. Dimensions; Length 4 mm., width 10 mm. Occurrence: Neer Austin, Tex. On the road between Mt. Bonnell-Mt. Barker cut end Dry Creek, below the Celestite beds, Travis County, Tex. Order CTENOBRANCHIATA Schweigg Sub-Order PLATYPODA Superfamily TAZNIOGLOSSA Bouvier Family PURPURINIDAE Zittel Genus Purpuroidea Lycett Purpuroidea krehanus n. sp. Plate XLV, Figures 1-4. Cast medium to large, turbinate. Spire moderately low, but not depressed, composed of about six whorls which in crease quite rapidly in siae. The sides of the whorls are straight and vertical, decorated ith ten large, blunt, tuber cles which are elongated in the longitudinal direction end are located just beneath the suture. On the smaller whorls they are close together but become more widely separated in the larger specimens. The last whorl is quite large, ventricose, and below the tubercles the sides are rounded. The shoulders are broad, flattened, sloping. The mouth is large, semilunate. The outer liu is expanded and broadly rounded an teriorly, acuminate posteriorly. The columella is perforate throughout. Spiral angle 75°. Except for some difference in the shape of the sides and lip, Purpuroidea krehanns resembles rather closely P. 18 yeneeslesi Choffat, ‘ hut differs in the shape of the sides and lip Dimensions: Length 77 mm., width 54 mm. Occurrence: On Kreh's ranch, 225 feet above the base of the Glen Rose at Pleasant Valley crossing of Blanco River. Purpuroidea harperi n. sp. Plate XLVI, Figure 1; Plate XLVII, Figure 1. Cast, very large, conical, ventricose. Spire high, acuminate, terraced with broad, flattened, sloping shoulders. Six straight sided whorls are present in the specimen at hand and one or two are missing because the shell is broken very near the apex. The whorls increase regularly in size and each is decorated with about ten large, blunt, elongate tubercles just below the suture. The last whorl is very large, occupying ore than half the length of the shell. It is straight-sided in the region of the tubercles, but curves broadly to the anterior end. The aperture is large and subtriangular. The outer lip swings upward on the posterior end, and the aperture is narrow at this point but widens with a broadly rounded curvature as it proceeds to the wide, produced anterior end. Spiral angle 63°. Purpuroidea harper! does not closely resemble P. krehenus except in its ornamentstion and shaoe of whorls. The spire is much higher and narrower and the aperture differs by being more produced anteriorly. It resembles more closely P. Bruni but differs in being longer and more produced anteriorly. Dimensions: Length about 185 mm., width about 110 mm. Occurrence: On the hill west of Esser’s crossing of Guadalupe River, Highway 46, Comal County, Tex. Family NATIOIDA& Forbes Genus Tylostoma .Sharpe Tylostoma travisensis n. sp. Plate L, Figures 5-7. Cast medium size, subovate. Spire quite high, consisting of six gently convex whorls which increase rapidly in size. The mouth is semilunular in shape. It is rather sharply pointed at the posterior end, gently curved at first, but the curvature becomes quite considerable at the anterior end. Here also the opening is much wider and fl*res over a constriction that is slightly posterior to the margin. The lip extends upwar c end swings outward at the posterior end. The varices are faint. The cast is smooth and no portion of the original shell has been preserved in any of the specimens. Spiral angle about 57°. Tylostoma travisensis bears considerable resemblance to T. chibuahuense 9dse, but the body whorl of the latter species is much broader in proportion to the height than in T. travisensis. Dimensions: Length about 76 mm., width at outer lip 38 mm. Occurrence: Abundant in the Glen Rose; found in Bandera, Comal, Travis, Kendal, Blanco and Hays Counties. Some soecific points at which it is found are Sandy Creek, Travis County; Hansen ranch, Bandera County; Kuhn Hill on Cranes Mill- Fischer Store road, Comal County. Tylostoma casteeli n. sp. Plate XLIX, Figures 3-5. Cast medium in size, ventricose, long, ovate-acuminate. Spire high, acute, composed, of about seven whorls, which increase regularly in size. Each succeeding whorl is not much larger than" the preceeding one except for the last whorl, which is quite large, inflated, and occupies more than half the length of the shell. The sides of each whorl are gently convex. The last whorl swings upv/ard very slightly at the aperture. The mouth appears to be semilunate, sharply pointed at the posterior end and more broadly rounded below. Since the mouth is not well preserved in the material at hand, definite characteristics can not be stated concerning it. The varices are prominent and wavy. The angle of spire is 65? Tylostoma casteeli does not closely resemble T. travis ensis. The whorls are smaller, the spire has a greater angle and is more pointed and the shape of the last whorl is quite different. In Tylostoma casteeli the side opposite the aperture rounds out quite evenly and does not slope so obliquely toward the anterior as in T. travisensis. T. casteeli seems to 20 resemble Sharpe‘s figure of T. Torrubiae but possibly has one more whorl, a slightly greeter spiral angle, and a more broadly rounded body whorl. Dimensions: Length 65+ mm., width about 50 mm. parallel to a line drawn between the varices; but only 35 mm. at right angles to this direction. Occurrence: 2.5 miles from Driftwood, Tex. Tylostoma tharpi n. sp. Plate L, figures 1-2. Casts very small, ventricose, subovoid., Spire quite high, composed of about four whorls which increase regularly in size. The body whorl is large and rotund, occupying more than half the length of the shell. On the side opposite the lip, the shell rounds out then slopes obliquely down to the anterior end. The mouth is semilunular. The posterior end of the aperture is acuminate, whereas the anterior end is well rounded out. The sutures between the whorls are distinct and slightly creviced. The most striking thing about this shell is its varices. They are very distinct and stand out as rotund, oblique ridges which project beyond the adjoining portion of the whorl and divide each whorl into two different segments. In each successive whorl the varices are slightly offset. In the last whorl the groove by the side of the ridge is marked with a series of pits. Spiral angle 84°. Tylostoma tharpi differs from T. travisensis in its varices, its size, number of whorls, spiral angle, and general shape. Dimensions: Length 14 mm., width 9 mm. Occurrence: Fischer Store, Tex. Tylostoma lewisi n. sp. Plate L, Figures 3-4. Cast small, rotund, subglobcse. Spire low, compressed, broad, consisting of four whorls which increase regularly in size. The last whorl is very ventricose, large, occupying twothirds of the length of the shell. The suture is distinct, slightly excavated. The sides of the whorls above the body whorl are only faintly convex. The shoulders are flattened and fairly wide, giving the cast a terraced appearance. The varices are distinct, one above the other in successive whorls. The mouth is semilunular, acute at the posterior end and rounded at the anterior end. Spiral angle 97°. Tylostoma lewis! differs from T. therpi in being broader, more rotund, and in having a more compressed spire and and a greater spiral angle end also in having less pronounced varices. Dimensions: Length about 15 mm., width 18 mm. Occurrence: Three miles south of Bandera, Tex. Tylostoma pedernalis var glenrosensis n. var. Plate XLIX, Figures 1-2. Cast lerge, obliquely elongate, ventricose. The spire is moderately high, composed of ebout four whorls which increase rapidly and irregularly in size; the earlier whorls all being quite small in comparison with the very large outer whorl which occupies more than two-thirds the total length of the shell. The sides of the upper whorls appear to be very faintly curved and the slope toward the blunt apex. The outer whorl is well rounded at first but becomes flatter and more arcuate near the mouth. In this region it is greatly elongated. The anterior margin appears to have a feint S-shaped curvature. The shoulders are flattened and narrow but, with the wide sutures, give a terraced appearance. The aperture is very large, quadrilateral and very greatly extended anteriorly. The anterior end is narrowly rounded, while the other sides ere gently curved. The varices are distinct. Spiral angle 95°. Tylostome oedernelis var. glenrosensis is very similar to T. pederrmljs (Roemer) except that its last whorl is more evenly curved while that of T. pederna]js is more flattened. The appertures sre also slightly different in shape. Dimensions: Length about 85 mm., width 65 mm. Occurrence: Cranes Mill-Fischer Store road three miles from Fischer Store, Tex. Tylostoma barrowi n. sp. Plate XLVII, Figure 2; Plate XLVIII, Figure 1. Cast very large, elongate, laterally somewhat flattened. Spire high, composed of about five whorls which increase quite regularly in size. The body whorl, which is very large, constitutes little more than half the total length of its shell. Sides gently rounded. The last whorl slopes considerably to the anterior. At the posterior side of the whorl Hear the lip there are several revolving lines visible on the specimen at hand. The mouth is large and expanded, broadly rounded anteriorly. The varices are distinct, /ingle of spire 70°. Dimensions: Length about 150 mm., width about 115 mm. Occurrence: Clay 225 feet above the base of the Glen Rose on Guadalupe River, three miles below the bi# spring above Cranes Vill, Comal County, Tex. Genus Lunatia Gray Lunatia pedernalis (Hill) Plate LIII, Figures 1-2. Tylostoma pedernalis Hill, 1893, Biol. Soc. Washington Proc., vol. VIII, p. 33, Pl. VI, fig. 2. Lunatia (?) pedernalis, Adkins, Handbook of Cretaceous Fossils, Univ, of Texas Bull. 2838, 1928, p. 177. Cast large, ventricose, subovate. Spire quite high, composed of about four whorls which increase irregularly and enormously in size. The sides of the whorls are gently rounded. The last whorl is very large, occupies about three-quarters the total length, and is obliquely elongated at the anterior end. The mouth is large, expanded anteriorly. The outer lip is long and broadly curved. The shoulders of the whorls are sharply rounded. The suture is quite broad and deep. Spiral angle 95°. Dimensions: Length 100+ mm., width 95 mm. Occurrence: Sa Lenia. texane horizon, Comal County on Highway 46, one mile from the Blanco-Comal County line. Genus Nat ice. Lamarck Natica bullardi n. sp. Plate LII, Figures 3-4 Cast moderately large, subglobose, suborbicular, inflated. Spire compressed, scarcely elevated, composed of et least three whorls which increase greatly in size. The last whorl is large, occupying most of the length of the shell. The sides are rotund, but tend to taper more on the anterior side than on the posterior side. The suture is broad and deep. The shoulders are wide, rounded above and flattened on the last whorl. The mouth is large, semilunular; somewhat rounded at the upper extremity end possibly at the anterior end also. The outer lio is thin, but the inner lio is heavily callosed. The callosity has strong, irregular vertical ridges covering its surface. Spiral angle 144°. Natl bullard i seems to resemble Roemer’s Cl obi concha planata but differs from it in not having so expanded en outer lip and in possessing a callosity and fewer whorls. Dimensions: Length about 50f mm., width 58 mm. Occurrence; Cranes Vill-Fischer Store road Kuhn Hill, Comal County, Tex. Natica traski n. sp. Plate LI, Figures 1-2. Cast small to very large, subglobose, wider than long Spire very low, composed of about three whorls, which increase quite rapidly in size. The lest whorl occupies more than twothirds the length of the shell. It is evenly rounded throughout, inflated. The mouth is large, expanded, rounded anteriorly and posteriorly. The anterior side of the shell is somewhat rounded, but becomes flattened near the mouth. There is very little slope toward the mouth in the lest whorl except for a short distance behind the mouth. The suture is bread and deep and the shoulders are wioe. Spiral angle 114°. Dimensions; Length 10 mm.; width 14 mm. in a very small specimen, but 65 mm. long and 95 wide in a large specimen. Occurrence: Cranes Mill-Fischer Store road; two miles from Cranes Mill bridge over the Guadalupe River, in a limestone 220 feet above the river. Genus Amauropsis FJdrch Amauropsis comalensis n. sp. Plate LII, Figures 1-2. Buccinopsis. parryi Hill, Biol. Soc. Washington Proc., 1893, vol. VIII, p. 33, Pl. VI, fig. 1. Cast moderately large, elongate, subovate. Spire high, composed of at least five whorls which increase regularly in size. The sides of the whorls are nearly vertical with their posterior portions rounded or sloping. The shoulders are very broad, giving the effect of a stair step or terraced condition. The lest whorl is large but occupies slightly less than half the length of the shell. From the bend of the shoulder down about one inch from the suture there is a flattened or slightly concave area. Then the shell rounds out in a sort of faint revolving ridge and curves evenly to the anterior end. The suture is wide end deep, directed obliquely inward toward the center of the shell. The mouth is somewhat oval in shape, fairly broad and blunt ft the posterior end and very broadly rounded and expended anteriorly. Spiral angle about 71°. urop sis cons, lens is bears some resemblance to A. bulbiformis (Sow.) but it has a longer, more expended mouth, wider shoulders, higher whorls and straighter sides than A. 21 bulbiformis. It also resembles A. gradate Hamlin, but the lip is more expanded, the sides are straighter and the body whorl is wider than in the Syrian species. Dimensions: Length about 85 mm., width 68 mm. across aperture end body whorl. Occurrence: About 225 feet above the base of the Glen Rose one mile north-west of Fischer Store, Tex. on road to the narrows of Elanco river. Family VERMETIDAE Adems Genus Siliquaria Qrug. Siliquaria sp. Plate XLIV, Figure 5. Cast large, turriculate. Spire high, composed of severe! whorls which are coiled et first but soon begin to straighten out. The whorls are nearly circular and about 15 mm in diameter near the anterior portion of the fragmentary cast at hand. Occurrence: In a massive limestone bed, near Cranes Mill bridge across Guadalupe River, Comal County, Tex. Family MELANIIDAE (Lamarck) Gray Genus Pleurocera Raf. Pleurocera branneri (Hill) Plate LIX, Figure 17. Pleurocera strombiformis Hill, Neozoic Geol. of Southwest Arkansas, p. 121, pl. ii, figs. 1-12; pl. iii, figs. 62-c, copies of European species. 1888. Vicerya branneri Hill, Biol. Soc. Washington Proc., 1893, vol. VIII, pp. 34-36, Pl. V, figs. 1-7. Shell moderately small, elongate, pyramidal. Spire very high, acuminate, composed of more than seven whorls which increase gradually and regularly in size. The whorls are / decorated with a revolving ridge just above the suture in the apical region. Above this shelving ridge there are three or sometimes four faint revolving ridges. On some specimens about two to four whorls below the apex the marginal ridges develop nodules which ere rounded at first but become transversely oval toward the middle of the shell. The suture is between the rows of nodules on adjacent whorls. Between the upper and lower rows of nodules on each whorl there are three faint revolving ridges. In addition to the ornamentation there are.growth lines which swing backward over the upper row of nodules and bend forward in the space between the nodular bands. According to Hill the bands are often plain in the anterior portion. The aperture and last whorl are absent on all the specimens at hand. Spiral angle 30°. Although Pleurocera branneri resembles P. strombiformis Schloth, it has a smaller spiral angle and a longer spire. dimensions: Length 35+ mm., width 16 mm. Occurrence; Glen Rose at Gypsum Bluff near boro, Ark. Family NOINEIDAE Genus Nerinea Defrance Nerinea texana Roemer Plate LV, Figure 3. Nerinea sp. indt. F Roemer, Texas, p. 412, no pl. 1849. Nerinen texena Roemer, fie Kreidebilaungen von Texas, p. 41, Pl. IV, fig. 7, 1852 Shell elongate, turreted; the whorls in the cast separated by a spiral groove; nearly one-third of the entire width of the whorl consists, in its lower portion, of a keel-like part; the. urper, larger portion of the whorl, quite flat and even, ana is so applied to the lower part of the proceeding whorl that the latter is scarcely prominent. Of this species there are, at hand, a dozen specimens preserved as casts. These casts most resemble those of Nerinea Visurges (A. Roemer Verst, des Nordd. Oolither Bed. Tab. XI, fig. 26) from the upper Jurassic (Portland chalk) at Hildesheim, end they are differentiated, however, in that the keel, which is separated from the remainder of the whorl, is smaller and loss sharply angled than in the Jurassic species es well as by the lesser width of the groove. Locality. Not common at Fredericksburg, also in a place high on the Pedernales river . . Nerinea roemeri n. sp Plate LV, Figures 1-2. Herinea sp. indt. Roemer, Texas, p. 412, no pl. Merinea sp. indt. Roemer, Die Kreidebildungen von Texas, p. 41, Pl. IV, fig. 8. Shell elongate, turretea, the whorls of the cast consist of two parts separated in the middle by a groove in which two almost equally sloping surfaces come together. This species, of which there is, at hand, only a single, somewhat compressed specimen preserved as a cast, is related through the concave almost equally divided whorls of the cast to Nerinea gosae by A. Roemer (Nordd. Oolith. Geb. Tab XI, Fig. 27) of the upper Jurassic, yet it seems in the Texas species the division of the whorl by the middle groove is not so complete as the former species. Under the species of the Cretaceous come the casts of Nerinea Bspaillaciana d’Orbigny, L. C., pl. 164, Fig. 2 that is very near to the cast, at hand, from Texas. But the whorls divided by the groove seem broader than in the Texas species. Locality. With the former species on the upper course of the Dimensions: Width 35 mm., spiral angle SJ,5 J , sutural angle 15°. Affinities: The shell is very elongate and slender. The longest specimen, st hand, of which about one-half is preserved, measures over 20 cm. and thus may attain many centimeters in length. It is closely related to Nerinea Espailiaciana d’Orb. except in the respect which Roemer pointed out, namely, that in N. Espalllaciana the whorls are broader in proportion to their length than in K. roemeri. The pattern of the plaits in these species is very similar, there being one plait on the outer lip and two on the inner lip. D’Orbigny points out that the outer plait in N. Espaillaeiana is much more prominent than the others and is sharply truncated. This holds true for N. roemeri, but in addition to the three plaits there seems to b e a faint notch about midway between the posterior and anterior plaits on the inner lip. Although the pattern of the plaits is, in general, similar in the two species, there is a difference in the proportion of the lobes. In N. Sspaillacl&na the posterior lobe is larger than the anterior lobe, whereas in N. roemeri this condition is reversed, the interior lobe being the larger; else the distance between the anterior and posterior lobes is greeter In N. roemerl. Both species are tightly coiled ebout smell columellas. The spiral and sutural angles, and the angles of the whorls are practically the same for the two species. Occurrence: Near Wimberly on Dripping Springs road. Bandera, Smithson Valley, and Fischer Store, Texas. Nerinea comalensls n. sp. Plate LVI, Figures 5-6. Cast large, elongate, turreted. Whorls twice as broad as high, divided into equal parts by a groove; the posterior flat, the anterior rounded, raised above the posterior, giving the apoearence of large, rounded beads separated by low flattened troughs. Lips plaited, one on the outer, oblique angled; two on the inner lip, the posterior oblique angled, the anterior acute angled. Columella present. Suture distinct. Dimensions: Width 6 cm., length 12 cm., sutural angle 10°, spiral angle 10°. Occurrence: From the Glen Rose at Smithson Valley, Tex. Nerinea hancockensis n. sp. Plate LIV, Figures 3-5. Cast elongate, turreted, large whorls consisting of two parts divided by a groove, the posterior flattened or very slightly rounded and the anterior decidedly rounded end extending from one to three millimeters beyond the other. Shell with columella. Aperture with one acute angled plait on the outer lip and two acute angled plaits on the inner lip. The angle of spire changes from 13° near the posterior end to 25° in about the seventh or eighth whorl from the posterior end. Suture distinct. This species differs from Marines comalensis in having three acute angled plaits, whereas the other species has but one acute a gled plait. In general, however, the pattern of the plaits has a quite similar eppearar.ee in the two species. Also this species has more whorls for the length of the shell and a proportionstely narrower anterior end than Nerinea comelensis. Dimensions: Length 11 cm., width at base 5 cm., spiral angle 13° near base and 25° near top, sutural angle 12°. Occurrence: From the Caprinule bed on the Guadalupe River, four miles below Hancock. Also at Cranes Mill. Perinea guaoalupae n. sp. Plate LIV, Figures 1-2. Shell elongate, turreted. Shell material preserved in part and marked by lines of growth extending diagonally across the whorls, forming small nodes at the suture lines. Whorls with a narrow rounded basal portion and a wider flattened upper portion in the cast. Externally the whorl reaches its greatest concavity a little above the middle, rising slightly toward the apex and considerably toward the base, thus projecting beyond the succeeding whorl and censing the suture to fall in a receding engle beneath the overhanging anterior portion of the whorl. Inner lio with two folds; outer lip with one. The suture is a thin distinct line. This species resembles Nerinee gigenteg d’Orbigny of the Neocomian of France in general shape and pattern of plaits, but the specimen at hand is much smaller and has a different spiral angle. It also resembles Nerinea dilate d’Orbigny, the spire 1 angle being more nearly the same as in this species than in H* gigantea. Dimensions: Length 5 cm., width at base 2 cm., sutural angle S°, spiral angle 22°. Occurrence: From arenaceous beds of Glen Rose near the top of the cliff on Guadalupe Biver on the New Braunfels Hancock road near Sattler. Nerinea cuyleri n. sp Plate LVI, Figure 4. Shell small, elongate, turreted. Whorls twice as broad as high; scarcely increasing in siae; sides concave, with strong elevation of the posterior and anterior margins, forming rounded ridges with the suture, which is a thin distinct line, slightly posterior to the crest of the ridge; ornamented by strong, oblique lines of growth. 24 Nerinia cuyleri resembles N. Acrion d’Orbigny, but differs slightly in spiral and sutural angles. Dimensions: Width 1 cm., spiral angle 11°, sutural angle 11°. Occurrence: Cow Creek crossing at B. M. 848. Nerinea simondsi n. sp. Plate LV, Figures 4-5. Shell elongate, slender, probably measuring many centimeters in length. ’Thoris two-thirds as high as broad, sides concave with broadly rounded ridges at the sutures formed by the gentle elevation of the whorl. Suture indistinct. Columella present. Lip plaited; the outer plait large, prominent and truncate; the inner plaits less prominent and terminating in acute angles. Ornamentation consists of low irregular nodes along the sutural ridges. Merinea simondsi bears close resemblance to N. Vogtiana De Mortillet, 20 but the sutural elevations are not so pronounced and the spiral angle appears to be less. The pattern of the plaits, however, is very similar to the European species. Dimensions: Width at base 26 mm., spiral angle 1.5°, sutural angle 26°. Occurrence: From Guadalupe River below Hancock. Merinea boyseni n. sp. Plate LVI, Figure 3. Cast small, long, turreted. Spire high, narrow, composed of numerous divided whorls which increase very gradually in size. The upper and lower portions of each whorl are equal in height and slooe toward each other. The upper one is always slightly larger than the adjoining portion of the preceding whorl. The space between the upper and lower portion of each whorl is about three-fourths the height of either adjoining portion and is deep with straight sides. The suture is narrow and oblique. The parts that it separates are only very slightly unequal in height and width and slope in opposite directions. The sides of each portion of the whorls are flat, sloping, and sharply angled at the edges. The height of each whorl is more than half the width. Only a portion of one specimen has been found. Nerinea boyseni resembles N. gspaillaeiana d’Orbigny, but the upper and lower portions of each whorl are narrower in proportion to the groove between them and they are not so steep ly sloping as in N. Sspaillaciana. N,. boyseni differs from N. roemeri Whitney in having the two parts of the whorl more nearly equal in size and shape. Dimensions: Spiral angle s°, sutural angle 10°, length more than 25 mm., width 9 mm. near the base of the fragment at hand. Occurrence: Bull Creek, Travis County, Tex. Nerinea ikinsi n. sp. Plate LVI, Figure 1. Cast email, turreted, lorn;, slender. Spire high, acuminate, composed of numerous divided whorls which increase gradually in size. The two portions of each whorl are nearly equal in size, but the lower portion is very slightly lower and wider. It slopes inward toward the division groove and often has a sharp edge on the anterior side and a more rounded edge on the posterior side. The anterior side drops at right angles to the columella, whereas the anterior side slones toward the anterior. The upper portion of each whorl is slightly vdder than the lower and unlike the anterior portion it does not slooe toward the groove or the suture. Its sides drop sharply away from the exterior surface and slope anteriorly. Both upper and lower portions of each whorl are flattened near the anterior end but become somewhat rounded near the apex. The division groove is very slightly wider than the sutural groove. Dimensions: Length of the fragment at hand 24+ mm., width at base 8 mm. Spiral angle about 10°. Occurrence: Middle Glen Rose, Hamilton Pool road; also numerous other places in Travis, Comal and Hays counties. Nerinea harrisi n. sp. Plate LVI, Figure 2. Cast small, elongate, turreted, not very long. Spire high, acuminate, changing its angle about the sixth whorl below the apex. The whorls are quite numerous and increase rapidly in size. They consist of a broad, flat upper portion and a narrow, rounded, raised lower portion. Both suture end divisional groove are very narrow, so that the whorls are compact. Many specimens have been found in numerous places, but all are crushed or broken. The tip of the spire is usually missing. So far the mouth has always been wanting, but a section across the whorls shows the three plaits characteristic of the genus. Nerinee Harris! resembles N. comalensis Whitney, but the two parts of each whorl are nearer the same size in the latter species, and the shell is very much larger than N. harrisi and has a different spiral angle. Dimensions: Spiral angle near apex of spire 28°; near base 20°; length about 20 mm., width 8 mm. near base. Occurrence; Hamilton Pool road and also many other places in Travis, Comal and Hays counties. Genus Nerinella Sharpe Nerinella pedernalis n. sp. Plate LVII, Figures 1-2. Nerinea sp. indt. Roemer, Die Kreidebildungen von Texas, p. 41, pl. IV, Fig. 9. Shell awl shaped, elongate, almost cylindrical, numerous whorls closely placed together. In the cast each whorl appears divided by a groove and cleft into two quite separated parts. The two parts of the whole are unequal; the lower the smaller. This species, of which the cast appears to be wound by two separate spiral lines, agrees in regard to the reduction of the shell and of the parts of the whorls in the casts with the picture of N. longissirra, Reuss Verst, der Bohm. Kreidef. Tab. XLIV, Fig. 3. Locality. Two casts were found on the upper courses of the Pedernales river. When Roemer described this species, he evidently had only the cast. Recently there have beerr found specimens in which the shell is preserved, showing four rows of minute tubercles about equally spaced from each other. The anterior row is closer to the edge of the whorl than the posterior row. The suture is a. fine distinct line occurring in a narrow, raised portion formed between the whorls by an abrupt thickening of the posterior part of one whorl and a less marked thickening of the anterior pert of the adjacent whorl. The columella is small. There are three plaits: one on the outer lip--large, prominent and truncated; two on the inner lip—smaller, less prominent end acutely angled. 27 N, oedernelis resembles N. elatior (Voltz) in general form and ornamentation, but the cast of the interior is somewhat different. Where both parts of the whorl in N. pedernaljs are flattened, only the lower part is partially flattened in N. elatior. Nerinella cfr circumvoluta (Cragin) Plate LVII, Figures 3-4. Shell elongate, slender, turreted. Whorls as broad es high, not increasing noticeably in height, marked by oblique lines of growth. Sides straight, with an abrupt thickening of the posterior margin of the whorl forming a narrow rounded ridge and giving the appearance of each whorl slightly overlapping the preceding whorl. Suture distinct. This shell resembles Nerinea circumvoluta Cragin, U. S. G. S. Bull. 266, p. 97, in external appearance and in having the same soiral angle. The proportion of the height to the breadth of the whorls is somewhat different, however, in the two shells. Since the specimen at hand is poorly preserved in arenaceous material, the pattern of the plaits can not be distinguished, and so the determination of the soecies will have to be left until better material can be obtained. Dimensions: Width 8 mm., spiral angle s°, sutural angle 28°. Occurrence: Cow Creek, crossing at B. M. 848 Nerinella sellardsi n. sp. Plate LVII, Figure 5. Shell elongate, very slender. Whorls nearly as broad as high; scarcely increasing in size, sides slightly concave, rising at the anterior and posterior margins in narrowly rounded ridges with the sutures as a thin indistinct line at the crest of the ridge; ornamented with three rows of small, rounded tubercles, two rows on the posterior side and one on the anterior side of the whorl about centrally spaced between the second row end the anterior margin, end farther from this margin than the posterior row from its adjacent margin. Nerinella sellardai resembles N. satagea no Loriole), both having the same general form and ornamentation, but the European species apparently has some very fine ridges between the rows of granules which are lacking in N. sellardsi. Dimensions: Width 4 mm., spiral angle 3°, sutural angle 21°. Occurrence: Cow Creek, crossing at B. A. 848 Nerinella boernensis n. sp. Plate LVII, Figure 6. Shell smell, elongate, slender. Vhorls slightly broader then high, divided by a groove into unequal parts; the anterior being slightly larger than the posterior. Sides of whorls gently sloping toward the groove. Posterior margin slightly raised above the preceding whorl. Aperture with one pleit on the outer lip and two on the inner lip. Suture distinct. This species resembles Nerinee roemeri in general appearance, but the angle of divergence of the two parts of its whorl is 165°, whereas in Nerinea roemeri it is 112°. Moreover the aperture in Nerinella boernensis Is proportionately broader and the posterior plait is lower down on the inner lie. Dimensions: Width 6 mm., spiral angle 6°, sutural angle 12°. Occurrence: From the Glen Rose on the Boerne-Comfort road, ten miles from Boerne. Cerithiidae Genus Cerithium Bruguere Cerithium haysensis n. sp. Plate LVIII, Figure 9. Shell small, elongate, turreted. Whorls broader than high, ornamented with four faint rows of minute tubercles, the posterior row prominent and close to the suture line, the second row also prominent end close to the first row, the third and fourth rows very indistinct; just beneath the curve on the bottom of the last formed whorl there is a slightly raised ridge. Suture distinct. Whorls flaring slightly on the nosterior side, projecting beyond the preceding whorl, and causing a stair-step effect in the arrangement of the whorls. Aperture broadly oval and drawn into a twisted canal at the anterior end. pg Cerithium haysensis resembles C, solidum Zekeli, in its general form, number of rows of tubercles, and the stair-step effect, but the tubercles are not so large as in C. solidum and the spiral angle is less. Dimensions: Height 20 ram., width at base 7 mm., spiral angle 16°, sutural angle 13°. Occurrence: From a clay bed in the Glen Rose 1.4 miles north of Tripping Springs. Cerithium gardnerae n. sp. Plate LVIII, Figure 10. Shell small, elongate, whorls twice as broad as high; ornamented with five concentric bands minutely tuberc listed; the posterior row prominent, tubercles rounded and'distinct; the second row raised above the other rows and wider, tubercles large, irregularly rounded, fused together and indistinct; the third row in a depressed area, tubercles small, low, irregularly rounded and somewhat fused; the fourth row prominent and very similar to the first row but with smaller tubercles; following this is a wide depression and finally the small flaring, irregularly tuberculated anterior row; the posterior and anterior rows of tubercles close to the suture line. Just beneath the curve on the bottom of the last whorl appears a sixth row of tubercles. Lines of growth distinct, fine and extending obliquely across the whorl. Suture distinct. Aperture oval and drawn into a twisted anteri or canal. Dimensions: Length 20 mm., width at base 5 mm., spiral angle 13°, sutural angle 16°. Occurrence: From a clay bed in the Glen Rose 1.4 miles north of Dripping Springs. Cerithium simondsi n. sp. Plate LVIII, Figures 7-8. Cast elongate, turreted, very slender, v/horls many; not increasing greatly in sizse; slightly broader than high; overlapping in a stair-step arrangement; ornamented with four rows of tubercles and four thin, raised ridges arranged alternately, beginning first with a row of large vertically elongate tubercles close to the posterior margin, followed successively by a ridge, a smaller row of tubercles, a ridge, a second row of tubercles, a ridge, a third row of tubercles and finally another ridge on the anterior margin of the whorl. Sides of the whorl straight between the posterior rows of tubercles, which form large abrupt ridges at the suture line. Suture indistinct. Dimensions; Width at base 7 ram., length 30 mm., spiral angle 11°, sutural angle 13°. Occurrence: From the Glen Rose bn Cow Creek above B. M. 848. Cerithium bullardi n. sp. Plate LVIII, Figure 5. Cast elongate, slender. ’/horls slightly broader than high, not increasing rapidly in size; sides practically straight, raised very slightly on the posterior margin; ornamented with six rows of tubercles arranged with a row of large, vertically elongate tubercles on the posterior side close to the suture line, then a row of smaller rounded tubercles followed by four rows of still smaller tubercles. Suture distinct. Aperture nearly circular. This species differs from Cerithium simondsi in having fewer bands of tubercles, a smaller spiral angle, a larger suturel angle, and it lacks the stair-step appearance in having less prominent posterior ridges than the latter. Dimensions: Width at base 1 cm., spiral angle 7°, sutural angle 19°. Occurrence: From the Glen Rose on Cow Creek above 3. M. 848. Cerithium blancoensis n. sp. Plate LVIII, Figures 1-2. Cast elongate, small. Whorls eight to ten in number; broader then high; not increasing rapidly in size; the ornamentation consisting of four revolving rows of tubercles on the whorls near the apex. The posterior row is prominent, slightly elongate vertically, spaced about 1 mm. from the suture line; the second end third rows smaller and less prominent; anterior row larger, very close to the suture. In successive whorls the posterior row is farther and farther from the suture line until it reaches the middle of the whorl; the tubercles become more than 1 mm. in length and shope away from the aperture at an angle of about 60°. The secona and third rows become less and less prominent until they disappear entirely in about the fifth or sixth whorl. The tubercles of the anterior row become larger and more elongate but never reach the size of those of the posterior row. They slope toward the aperture at an angle of about 60°. The lines of growth are chevron shaped, passing through both the posterior and anterior rows of tubercles. Aperture nearly circular. Suture distinct. Dimensions: Width at base 15 rmn., length 40 mm., spiral angle 20°, sutural angle 7°. Occurrence: From the Glen Rose above Pleasant Valley crossing on the Blanco River and also at the Cranes Mill spring. Cerithium plummeree efr Sanctae cruets Pictet and Campiche Plate LVIII, Figure 6. Cast elongate. Whorls about ten in number, breeder than high, not increasing rapidly in size, ornamented with a single row of vertically elongate ridges close to the suture line of the posterior side of the whorl; a row of smaller nodes on the anterior part which are covered by the overlap of the next whorl, being visible only on the lest formed whorl, and lines of growth which begin on the anterior ends of the elongate ridges, curve broadly backwards and then swing forward slightly beyond the perpendicular extension of the ridges at which they originated. ’Vhorls overlapping, forming a stair-step arrangement with steeply sloping shoulders. Suture distinct. This spades resembles C. Sanctae er nets Pictet and Campiche but has a greater soiral angle and more curving lines of growth. Dimensions: sidth at base 16 mtn., length 5 or 6 cm., spiral angle 16°, sutural angle 16 c . Occurrence: Cow Creek, crossing above B. M. 848 Family STROMBIDAE d*orbigny Genus Strombus Linn. Strombus beckleyi Plate LIX, Figures 10-11. Cast small, very elongate, narrow, turriculate. The spire is high, composed of about five whorls which increase regularly in size. The last whorl is somewhat larger than the others. The sides are very gently rounded. The whorls are separated by a deep, fairly wide, canaliculate, oblique suture. The aperture is quite wide, slightly flared but not greatly expanded. The lip is somewhat expanded upward. The anterior canal is short and only a very faint depression in the lip indicates the position of the sinus. The posterior end of the aperture is acuminate, while the anterior end is broad, flattened and obliquely truncate. Spiral angle about 35°. Slight indications of varices can be seen on the sides. They are nearly 180° apart. Strombus beckleyi was found by Mr. W. B. Beckley. It resembles Strombus Fischer! Choffat in general appearance, but the body whorl is not so large as in S. Fischer!. Choffat wrote that the body whorl of his species occupies about half the length of the shell. The body whorl in the specimens at hand occupies a little more than one-third the length of the shell. Dimensions: Length 50 ram., width 20 mm. Occurrence: Salenie. texana horizon of the Glen Rose formation about ten miles from Blanco City on the Blanco-New Braunfels road and in most of the outcrops of this horizon. Strombus hilli n. sp. Plate LIX, Figure 3. Cast smell, oval. Spire quite high, acuminate, com- posed of about four whorls which increase rapidly in size. The sides of the whorls are rounded, ornamented with a faint revolving ridge near the upper portion. The last whorl is fairly large, occupying about half the total length of the shell. The aperture is elongated. The anterior canal has been eroded in the material at hand. The outer lip is broad and long. It extends up the spire nearly to the apex end is very attenuated in this portion. It is greatly expanded where the ridge projects across it and again becomes attenuated in the region of the anterior canal. It has a strong sinus in the anterior portion. Spiral angle 32°. Dimensions: Length 17+ mm.; width 14 mm. across the lip, 9 mm. at right angles to the latter dimension. Occurrence: Fischer Store, Tex. Strombus stantoni n. sp. Plate LIX, Figure 12. Cast small, turriculate, long. The spire is high. Only three whorls are present on the specimen at hand, but at least one or two more must have existed. The spire does not extend very far above the top of the wing-like lip expansion. The whorls are convex and increase regularly in size. The last whorl is convex above but soon tapers sharply toward the narrow enterior end and becomes flattened or very slightly concave. The body whorl is greatly expanded and elevated at the aperture. The expansion is long, entire, wide, and depressed by a deep, wide longitudinal groove. A revolving ridge encircles the body whorl, sloping downward toward the anterior, then suddenly swinging upward into the upper prolongation of the wing. The present cast is so covered with limestone on the aperture! side that nothing can be said of the aperture. Spiral angle 37°. Dimensions: Length 40+ mm.; width 35 mm. across the body whorl and wing; about 15 mm. to across the body whorl at right angles to the first width. Occurrence: Clay bed just above Salenia texana horizon Cranes Kill-New Braunfels road. Genus Harpagodes Gill Harpagodes stephensoni n. sp Plate XLIV, Figure & Cast moderate sized, elongate, turriculate. Spire high, composed of about five whorls which increase regularly in size. The whorls are quite convex above, but tend to flatten above the middle end slope slightly inward. The upper convexity is really a revolving ridge. On the last whorl it swings upward near the lip. Below it there is another ridge which probably extended out into a finger-like projection beyond the lip, but all of the specimens have been broken off near the body of the shell so that no expansion of the lip nor projections are present. The cast slopes sharply downward from the lower ridge to the narrow anterior end. The sides of the whorls are marked by numerous small, revolving ridges. The body whorl is fairly large and it swings sharply upward near the lip. The aperture is narrow, long and acute at both ends. Spiral angle 47°. Dimensions: Length about 55 mm., width 23 mm. Occurrence; One mile East of Bandera, Salenia texana horizon Superfamily RACHIGLOSSA Gray Family FUSIDA3 Tryon Genus Fusus Lamarck Fusus haysensis n. sp. Plate LIX, Figures 8-9. Cast small, turriculate, elongate. Spire high, terraced, composed of about four whorls which increase regularly and rapidly in size. There is a sharp ridge around the upper portion of the whorl and the wide shoulder slopes down to this ridge. The sides are nearly vertical below the ridge. The last whorl has two ridges, well separated from one another. The shoulder on the last whorl is very wide and slopes steeply to the upper ridge. Then the side drops perpendicularly to the lower ridge and slopes inward to the canal. There are faint indications of vertical ridges about 4 mm. apart around the last whorl and closer together on the upper whorls. The mouth is large, truncate and broad posteriorly but acuminate and canaliculate anteriorly. The length of the canal is unknown. Spiral angle 73°. Dimensions: Length 35+ mm., width 30 mm. Occurrence: Salenia texena horizon 275 feet above the base of the Glen Rose, four miles from Timberly, Tex. on the Wimberly-Lripping Springs road; also on Cranes Mill-Fischer Store road two miles from Cranes Mill bridge, 220 feet above Guadalupe River, Comal County, Tex. Sub-Class EUTHYNSURA Spengel Order OPISTHOBRANCHIA Milne-Edwards Sub-Order TECTI.BRANCHIATA Family ACTAEONIDAE d’Orbigny Genus Trochactaeon Meek Trochactaeon gardnerae n. sp. Plate XLIV, Figures 3-4. Gast medium sized, subovate. Spire low, compressed, consisting of five whorls increasing rapidly in size. The sides of the outer whorl are nearly straight and sloping slightly toward the anterior so that the shell has its greatest transverse diameter at the posterior portion of the last whorl. Here also the shell slopes obliquely outward and downward for a short distance from the suture line, giving the ton of each whorl a beveled appearance. The mouth is very long and acutely pointed at both ends. It is quite narrow except for the central portion The impressions of three plaites can be seen on the inside of each whorl. The lip is expanded upward. The cast is perforated by 8 large hole which indicates the position of the columella. Angle of spire 120°. In general shape Trochactaeon gardneree resembles I- cossmanni Uhoffat. The spire, however, is not so depressed as in the European species. Dimensions: Length 55 mm., width 39 mm. Occurrence: About 225 feet above the base of the Glen Rose, two miles north-west of Fischers Store, Tex.; also found on the Cranes Mil-New Braunfels road, Comal County, Tex. Trochactaeon tysoni Plate XLIV, Figures 1-2. Cast quite large, long, ovate. Spire fairly high, consisting of shout five whorls which increase rapidly in size. The last whorl is large. The sides are nearly straight in the middle but rounded anteriorly and posteriorly near the margins. They slope gently toward the anterior so that the greatest transverse diameter of the shell is at the posterior end of the last whorl. Ths mouth is very long and quite narrow above but broader from the middle to the anterior end. The posterior end is acuminate, while the anterior end is rounded. Inside each whorl the plait impressions stand up as three ridges, the posterior one being the the largest. The cavity that ?narks the position of the original columella- is large and rounded. Spiral angle 67°. This species differs from Trochactaeon gardnerae in its much higher spire and greater size. It also bears a resemblance in in general shape to T. giganteus (Sowerby). The spire is higher on T. tysoni and more of the whorls are visible than in T. gigenteus. Dimensions: Length 78 mm., width 40 mm. Occurrence; Four miles from Hancock, Tex. toward Fischers Store, Tex. Family SCAPHANDRIDAS Genus Cylichna Loven Cylichna haysensis n. sp. Plate LIX, Figures 13-14. Cast small, cylindrical, inrolled. No spire is apparent. The shell is narrow and bluntly pointed in the posterior portion, but broader and more rounded at the anterior end. The mouth is small, long and produced beyond the last whorl at each end. There is no evidence of ornamentation on the cast at hand. 31 Cylicbna haysensis differs from C. recte Gabb in be- inr narrower at the posterior end and in having a narrower aperture. Dimensions: Length 20 mm., width 7 mm. Occurrence: In a clay bed 14 miles north of Dripping Springs, Tex. on the old road to Johnson City from Dripping Springs, Tex. and Twichell, The V esozoic and Cenozoic fechinodarmata of the United States, United States Geological Survey, Monograph XIV, 1915, pp. 49-50. 2 • . Bdse, Monographic Jeoloxica £ paleontologies del Cerro de Muleros, Institute Geologico de Mexico, 801. 25, 1910, p. 152. Clark and Twitchell, op. clt., p. 55. 4 Clark and Twitchell, op. cit. t pp. 65-66. 5 Clark and Twitchell, op. cit.. p. 89 z* Clark and Twitchell, op. cit.. p. 90. 7 Davidson, British Fossil Brachiopoda, vol. I, p. 97, Pl. XII, figs. 13-14. ft Davidson, op. cit., Vol. I, pp. 42-45, Pl. IV, fig. 24. 9 Coquand, 1869, p. 99, Fl. XXVII, figs. 1-6, 1869. 1J d’Orbigny, A., Paleontologie francaise; Terrains cretaces, vol. 111, p. 151, pl. 295., 1843-1847. ix d’Orbigny, Paleontologie fran^aise; remains cretaees vol. 111, pl. 298, 1843-1847. H. T., Comanchean and Cretaceous Pectinidae of Texas, Univ, of Texas Bull. 1817, 1918, p. 19. 13 Paleontographical Society, London, 1909, vol. LXIII. The Cretaceous Lamellibranchia, Pl. XLIII, figs. 3,4; Pl. XLIV, figs. 1, 2. 14 Hamlin, C. E., "Results of an Examination of Syrian Molloscan Fossils," Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, vol. X, no. 3, p. 39, Pl. IV, figs. 7a-c. 15 * Seguenza, G., Stude geologic! e paleontologici Sul cretecao medio dell ’ltalia meridionals, p. 141, Pl. VIII, Figs. 4-4 a, 1878. 16 Coquand, Fossils Aptien de l/Bspagne, pl XII, figs. 1, 2 1866. 17 Coquand, Fossils Aptien de L*Sspagne, Pl. XII, figs. 1-2. 1866. ’ P., Recuell d'Etudes Peleontologiques sur la Faune Cretacique do Portugal, vol. I, p. 6, pl. 1, figs. 1-2. 1886. i3 Cossmann, M., ”Le Barremien Superieur a Facies Urgonien de Brouzet-les-Alais (Gard),” de la Societe Geologique de France, #5l, Pt. 11, p. 17, Pl. I, figs. 8-9. 1916. 20 Sharpe, D., !i On Tylostoma, a Proposed Genus of Gasteropodous Mollusks,” Proceedings of the Geological Society of London, Quarterly Journal, Vol. V, London, 1849. 21 Hamlin, C. E., "Results of an Examination of Syrian Molloscan Fossils,” Memoirs of the museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, vol. X, No. 3, pp. 16-17, Pl. I, fig.' 3. 1884. 22 Roemer, Die Kreidebildungen von Texas, p. 41, 1852. Die Kreldebildungen von Texas, p. 41, 1852. 24 . • . Cossmann, , ’'Contribution ala Paleontologie Francis® des Terrains Juraseiques, Gastropods: Nerinees," feemoires de 1L Soelate Geologique de France, No. 19, P&leontologie, 1898, p. 31, T. VIII, Pl. 11, figs. 21-22. 25 * * x Cossmann, Le Barremien Superieur A Facies Urgonien, Mem. #37 of the Societe - leologique, 1907, p. 10, T. XV, Pl. 111, figs. 2, 4. 26 Roemer, QLe. m T&3L&SL, p. 41. 27 Cossmann, M., '’Contribution ala Faleontologie Fran?aise des Terrains Jurassiques, Gastropods: Nerinees,” Memoires de la Societe Geologique de France, No. 19, Paleontologie, 1898, p. 125, T. VIII, Pl. IX, figs. 35-37. 2P » c Cossmann, M., ’‘Contribution & la Paleontologie des Terrains Jurassiques, Gastropods: Nerinees,” Memoires de la Geologique de France, No. 19, Paleontologie, 1898* p. 123, T. VIII, Pl. X, figs. 1-4. pg Cerithium haysensis resembles C, solidum Zekeli, in its general form, number of rows of tubercles, and the stair-step Paul, Recueil d *Etudes Peleontologiques sur la Faune Oretacique du Portugal, vol. I, p. 113-114, Orphistho- Branches, Pl 7“ Figs. - 16-21, 1884. 31 Weller, Stuart, ”A Report of the Cretaceous Paleontology of New Jersey,” Geol. Survey of. New Jersey., Vol. IV of the Paleontology Series, 1907, p 314, PL. XCIV, figs. 17-18, 1907. BIBLIOGRAPHY Adkins, W. 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Conrad, T. A. , Report of the (J. S. and Mexico Boundary Survey Vol. I, 1857. Coquand, Fossils Aptian de USspagne, 1886. Coquand, Le Genera Ostrea, 1869. Cossmann, M.; Contribution a le. Paleontologie Fransaise des Terrains Jurassiques, Gastropods: Nerinees, Memoirs de la Societe Geologique de France, Mem. No. 19, Paleontologie, 1898. Cossmann, M., Le Barremien Superieur a Facies Urgonien de Brouzet- Les-Alais (Gard.), Memoires de la Societe Geologique de France, Mem. No. 37, 1907; Mem. No. 51. Cotteau, G., Description Des Animaux Invertebres, Paleontologie Franyaise, Terrain Vol. VII, Paris, 1862-1867. Cotteau, G., Etudes sur les Bchinides du Department de L'Yonne, Vol. I, Paris, 1849-1856. Cotteau, G., Etudes sur les Schinides Fossiles du Department de L'Yonne, Terrain Cretace, Vol. 11, Paris, 1857-1878. Cotteau, G. H., Peron, A., Gauthier, V.: Dchinides Fossiles de L*Algerie, Vols. I, 11, 11, Paris, 1876-1891. Cragin, F. W., Invertebrate Paleontology of the Texas Cretaceous, Texas Geological Survey, Fourth Annual Report, 1893. Cragin, F. W., Paleontology of the Malone Jurassic Formation of Texas, U. S. Geological Survey Bulletin 266. 1905. Credner, G. R., Ceratites fsstigatus und Salenia texans t 1850. Davidson, Thomas, British Fossil Brachipoda, Tertiary, Cretaceous Oolitic, and Liasic Species, Vol. I, London, 1851, 1855. De Blainville, H. M. D., Manuel De Malacologie et De Conchyliolo- • * ■! liwixiawf .■»!■>,» -MWMMW i—■—» niwon . —ui «■■ ■■ , ■ mi gie, Paris, 1825. De Loriol, P., Recueil d'Etudes Paleontologiques sur la Fauna Cretaclque du Portugal, Vol. 11, Lisbonne, 1887-1888. Deshayes, G. P., Description des Animaux Sans Vertebres Decouverts Dans le Bassin de Paris, Vols. I, 11, 111, 1860, 1866. Deshayes, G. P., Description des Coquilles Fossiles Des Environ de Paris, Vol. I, Paris, 1824. Desor, 13., Synopsis des Echinides Fossiles, Paris, 1858. d’Orbigny, Alcide, Description des Mollusques et Rayonnes Fossiles Terraines Cretaces. Paleontology francaise 1843-1847, Vols. 11, 111, IV, VI Douville, H., Sur les Couches a Rudistes du Texas, Bull. Soc. Geol France No. 3, 1898. Dunean, P. 4., A Revision of the Genera and Great Groups of the Wchinotdea, The Journal of The Linnean Society, Vol. XXIII Nos. 141-144, London, 1889. Fischer, Paul, Manual de Conchyliogie et de Paleontologie, Paris, 1887. Gabb, i., Cretaceous and Tertiary Fossils, Geological Survey of California, Paleontology, Vol. 11, 1859. Giebel, C. G. , Bietrflge zur Pal&ontologje, Besonders adgearucht aus dem V. Jaresbericht des Natarwissenschaftlichen Vereines in Halle, Berlin, 1853. Goldfuss, A., cetrefacten Deutschlands und der nngrezenden Lander, 2nd Edition, Pt. I, Leipzig, 1862. Haug, E. , Traite de Geologie, Vol. 11, Paris, 1908-1911. Hill, R. T., The Geology and Geography of the Black and Grand Pre tries of Texas, U. S. Geol. Sur., 21st Annual Report, pt. 7, 1901. Hill, R. T. , The Cretaceous Gryphaeas of the Texas Begiou, U. S'. Gaol. Bull. 161, 1898. Hill, R. T. , Neozoic Geology of Southwestern Ark? uses, Arkansas Geol. Sur., Ann. Rent, for 1889, vol. 2, 1889. Hill, R. T., The Paleontology of the Cretaceous Formetion of Texas, Proceedings of the Biol. Soc. of Washington, Vol. VIII, 1893. Hamlin, C. 5.,, Results of an Examination of Syrian Fossils, Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, Vol. X, Mo. 3. Kniker, H. T., Comanchean and Cretaceous Pectinidae of Texas, Univ, of Texas Bull. No. 1817, 1918. Lambert, J., Thiery P., Kssal de Nomenclature Raisonnee des Schinides, 1909. Morris, J. ana Lycett, I. , A Monograph of the Mollusca from the Great Oolite, Chiefly from inchinhamton ana the Coast of Yorkshire, Paleontographical Society, 1850, pt. I, Univalves, pp. 25-29, Pl. IV, Pl. V, figs. 1-4. Neumayr, iv-., Ueber Loriolla, eine naue , Zeitscrift der Deutschen Geologlschen Gesellschaft, Band XXXIII, 1889. Palmer, The Rudistids of Southern Mexico, Occasional Papers of the California Academy of Sciences, 1928. Paquier, V., Les Rudistes Qrgoniens, Memoires de la Soclete Geologique de France, Paleontologie Memoire #29, 1903. Pictet, F. J. , Traite de Peleontologie au Histoire Naturelie des Animaux Fossiles, 1853-1857. Pictet, F. J. et Campiche, G., Description des Fossiles du Terrain Cretace des environs de Saint Croix, Mater pour la Faleont. Suisse, Geneve et Bale, Vol. 11, 1858-1873. Roemer, Ferd., Die Kreidebildungen von Texas und ihre organischen * ' 1 MT'■Mi-I ll urM. iiOIWMUHM I.u m nil,— i W i IM .Mil HHM.IMM.UWM ■ nil ■IM Il» M»| HMMI'iriOtMIW IWI Hit .IW >rfl I—HMUII.. MIMI « n ■ ■ ■—l Einschlusse, Bonn, p. 41, 1852. Roemer, F., Haeufigkelt Hippuriten-Artiger Chamiden Ausgezeichnete Faune der Oberturonen Kreide von Texas, Faleontoleglsche Abhandlungen, Vierter Band. Heft 4., Berlin, 1888. Roemer, F., Texas, Bonn, 1849. Rogers, Julia E., The Shell Book, Doubleday, Doran and’Compeny, Inc., 1934. Schltiter, C. , Ueber die regularsn BJchiniden der Kreide Nord- Amerike?s unter Vorlegung einer neuen Salenia, Niederrhein. 1887. Seguerza, Prof. G,, Stude Geologic! e paleontologici Sul Cretacio Medio del Italia Meridionals. 1878. Sharpe, D., On Tylostoma, a Proposed Genus of Gasteropodous ollusks, * ' • mm <■— « 00. Il Willi ■ nli 1 I 11 —i Milium— nwi I I ■ 11 m iiu i«»" ■ nBMi mm nil . Proceedings of the Geological Society of London, The Quarterly Journal, Vol. V, London, 1849. Shumard, B. F., Descriptions of New Cretaceous Fossils from Texas, Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, Vol. VIII, Boston, 1862. Shumard, 3. F., Paleontology, Natural History of the Red River of Louisiana, reprinted from the report of Captain R. M. Marcy, Fifth Infantry, U.S.A., Washington, 1853 Smizer, J. S., A Study of the Tchinoid Fragments in the Cretaceous Rocks of Texes, Journal of Paleontology, Vol VII, No. 2, 1933. Sowerby, J., Genera, Vol. I. Stoliczka, Ferd., Cretaceous Fauna of Southern Insia, Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, Vol. 11, 1868, The Gastropoda. Tryon, G. W., Structural and Systematic Conchology, an Introduction to the Study of the Mollusca, Vol. I, Philadelphia, 1882. Twenhofel, W. H. , Geology and Invertebrate Paleontology of the Corns nchean and Dakota Format!one of Kansas. Kansas State Geol. Sur. SulL 9, 1924. Weller, Stuart, A Report on the Cretaceous Paleontology of New Jersey. Vol. IV of the Paleontology Series, Geological Survey of New Jersey, 1907. White, C. A., Description of Certain Aberrant Forms of the Chamidae from the Cretaceous Rocks of Texas, U. S. Geol. Sur. Bull No. 4, pp. 5-9, Pl. I-IV. White, C. A., Description of New Cretaceous Invertebrate Fossils from Kansas and Texas, Proceedings of United States Museum, Vol. 11, pt. 2., 1879, Washington, 1880, Smithsonian Miso. Coll., vol. XIX. Whiteaves, J. J., Mesozoic Fossils, Geol. Survey of Canada, Vol. 1, pts. 1-5, 1876. Whitney, F. L. , Bibliography and Index of Mesozoic Invertebrata, Harris Co., 1928. Woods, Henry A., Monograph of the Cretaceous Lamellibr&nchia of England, Paleontographical Society, Vol. LVII, pt. V; 1903; Vol. LVI, Pt IV, 1902. Woodward, S. P. , Manual of the Mollusca, Reprint of 4th Edition (1880), London, 1890. Zekeli, Gastropoden der Gosangebilde, 1852. Zittel, K. A., Bivalven der Gosangebilde in aen nordttstlichen Alpen, 1863-1865. Zittel, Karl A. V., Grundzdge Per Palflontologie, 1924. Zittel, K. A., Textbook of Paleontology t 1896. INDEX OF SPECIES Alectryonia alternans . . 93 Alectryonia comalensis . 94 Amauropsis comalensis . . 232 > Anatina beckleyi .... 136 Anatlna hlnseni 133 Anatina simondsi .... 134 Anomia horni ...... 117 Area simondsi ...... 82 Area texana 80 Arctica banderaensis . . 165 Arctica bybeel 168 Arctica comalensis . . . 160 Arctica gibbosa ..... 158 Arctica guadalupensis . . 163 Arctica. mediale ..... 156 Arctica navicularia . . . 153 Arctica palmerae .... 161 Arctica plummerae .... 155 Arctica pseudotexana . . 169 Arctica roemeri 166 Arctica texana 152 Astarte demon! 171 Astarte deeni I'l7 Cardita Stafford! . . . 175 Cardium congestum . . . 189 Cardium subcongestum . . 190 Cerithium blancoensis . 254 Cerithium bullardi . . . 253 ae Cerithium . . . 251 Cerithium haysensis . . £5O Cerithium plummerae cfr. Sanctae Crusis ... 255 Cerithium simondsi . . . 252 Corbis banderaensis . . 187 Corbis hamiltonae . . . 186 Corbula martinae .... 206 Crassatellites eifleri . 173 Cucullaea blancoensis . 77 Cucullaea gracilis ... 78 Cucullaea gratiota ... 74 Cucullaea harrisi ... 76 Cucullaea terminalis . . 72 Cylichna haysensis . . . 263 Cypricardia compacts . . 149 Cypricardia pelletae . . 151 Cyprimeria texana . . . 202 Diplopodia texanum ... 39 Enallaster obliquatus . . 60 Snailaster texanus ... 52 Exogyre, guadalupae ... 90 Exogyra hancockensis . . 91 Exogyra weatherfordensis 89 Fusus haysensis 260 Granocardium pseudopendens 192 Goniopygus guadalupae . . 28 Harpagodes Stephenson! . 259 Hemiaster comanchei ... 65 Hemiaster white! .... 63 Hinnites guadalupae . . . 105 Hinnites texana 103 Holectypus ovatus .... 46 Holectypus planatus ... 43 Homomya eomalensis . . . 130 Homomya knowltoni .... 128 Immanitas texana .... 184 Kingena Stafford! .... 69 Leiocidaris texanus ... 16 Leiocideris tysoni ... 13 Lime wacoensis 116 Liopistha alta ..... 145 Liopistha banderaensis . 137 Liopistha fletcheri . . . 139 Liopistha jurafacies . . 143 Liopistha solida .... 141 Liopistha walker! . . . 147 Lucina (Phacoides) horn! 185 Lunetia pedernalis . . . 229 Meretrix hausen! .... 198 Meretrix texana .... 196 Meretrlx wells! . . . . 201 Modiola banderaensis . . 123 Modiola branneri .... 125 Modiola concentrice- costellata .... 120 Modiola cuyleri .... 118 Modiola mcallisteri . . 122 Monopleura marcida . . . 181 Monopleura subtriquetre. 182 Monopleura sp 183 Mytilus hugoensis . . . 127 Nat lea bulle.rdi .... 230 Natica traski 231 Neithea irregularis . . 107 Nerinea boyseni .... 242 Nerinea eomalensis . . . 238 Nerinea cuyleri .... 241 Nerinea guadalupae . . . 240 Nerinea hancockensis . . 239 Nerinea harrisi .... 245 Nerinea ikinsi .... 244 Nerinea roemeri .... 236 Herinea simondsi . . . 241 Nerinea texana .... 235 Nerinella boernensis . 249 Nerinella cfr circum voluta 247 Nerinella pedernalis . 246 Nerinella sellardsi . . 248 Nerita bonellensis . . 218 Nucula bybeei ..... 71 Orthopsis comalensis . 30 Oetrea plummeri .... 85 Ostrea sellardsi ... 87 Ostrea tuckerae .... 86 Panopea benderaensis . 212 Panopea henselli . . . 214 Panopes hilli 210 Panopea sellardsi . . . 213 Pecten bramletti . . . 112 Pecten guadalupensis . 11l Pecten stantoni .... 110 Pentacrinus texanus . . 11 Perna ellisorae .... 84 Pholadomya bowling! . . 131 Pleurocera branneri . . .234 Pleurotomaria glenrosensis 216 Plicatula parkerae . . . 113 Protocardia multistriata 195 Frotocerdia texana . . . 193 Purpuroidea harper! . . 221 Purpuroidea kreKanus . . 220 Fseudodiadema elevatus . 36 Fseudodiadema texanum . 35 Pyrine hancockensis . . 49 Rhynchonella blencoensis 68 Rhynchonella simondsi . 67 Salenia mexicana .... 21 Salenia phillipsae ... 25 Salenia texana 18 Siliquaria sp 233 Spondylus olsenae . . . 114 Strembus beckleyi . . . 256 Strombus hilli 257 Strombus stantoni . . . 258 Tapes bakeri 205 Tapes decepta 204 Toucasia hancockensis . 178 Toucasia pesudopatagiata 180 Toucasia texana .... 176 Trigonla gordoni .... 101 Trigonla wendleri ... 96 Trigonla whltneyi ... 99 Trochactaeon gardnerae . 261 Trochactaeon tysoni . . 262 Turbo cuyleri ... . . 217 Turbo meallisteri . . . 218 Tylostome. barrowi .... 228 Tylostoraa casteeli . . . 224 Tylostoma lewis! .... 226 Tylostoma pedernalis var. <<lenrosensis .... 227 Tylostoma tharpi .... 225 Tylostoma travisensis . . 222 PLATES PLATE I Pentacrinus texanus n. sp.--p. 11. Figures 1,2, 4.--From different positions on the stem, xl. Figure 3.--Enlarged. x 3. Leiocidaris texanus n. sp.--p. 16. Figure s.—Aboral view.- x 1. Figure 6.—Lateral view, xl. Leiocidaris tysoni n. sp.--p. 13. Figure 7.--Aboral view, x 1. Figure B.—Lateral view, xl. Figures 9, 10.—Spines, x 1. Salenie texana Credner.--p. 18. Figure 11.--Aboral view, x 1. Figure 12.--Lateral view, x 1. Figure 13\--oral view, xl. PLATS II Salenia phillipsae n. sp.—p. 25. Figure 1 Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 7 Figure 8 Aboral view, xl. Oral view, xl. Aboral view, x 3. ■Oral view, x 3. •Lateral view, xB. Salenia mexieana Schlflter.—p. 21 Figure 2.—Aboral view, x 1. Figure 3.--Lateral view, xl. Figure 4.—Oral view, xl. Goniopygus guadalupae n. sp.—p. 28. Figure 10 Figure 11 Figure 12 Pyrina hancockens Figure 13 Figure 14 Figure 15 Figure 16 —Aboral view, x 1. —Aboral view, x 3. —Lateral view, x 1 n. sp.--p. 49. —Aboral view, x 1. —Lateral view, x 1 --Oral view, xl. —Aboral view, x 3. Orthopsis comeleasts n. sp.—p. 30 Figure 9.—Oral view, x 1 Figure 17.—Aboral view, xl. Figure 18.—Lateral view, x 1 Figure 19.—Aboral view, x 3. Psepdodiadema texanum (Roemer).--p. 35. Figure 20.—Oral view, xl. Figure 21.--Lateral view, x 1 Figure 22.—Aboral view, xl. PLATE 111 Pseudodiadema elevatus n. sp.—p. 36 Figure 1.--Aboral view, xl. Figure 2.--Lateral view, x 3. Figure 3.--Oral view, xl. Holeotypus ovatus n. sp.—p. 46. Figure 4.—Aboral view, xl. Figure s.—Lateral view, x 1. Figure 6.—Oral view, x 1. Holectypos planatus Roemer.—p. 43. Figure 7.—Lateral view, xl. Figure B.—Oral view, xl. Figure 9.--Aboral view, xl. Hemiaster comanchei Clark.—p. 65. Figure 10.--Aboral view, xl. Figure 11.—Oral view, xl. Hemiaster white! Clark.--p. 63. Figure 12.—Aboral view, k 1. Figure 13.--Oral view, xl. Enallaster texanus (Roemer).--p. 52 Figure 14.--Aboral view, xl. Figure 15.--Oral view, xl. PLATS IV Rhynchoneljji blancoensis n. sp.--p. 68. Figure I.—Pedicellate valve, x 1 Figure 2.--Brachial valve, x 3. Figure 3.—Brachial valve, xl. Plicatule parkerae n. sp.—p. 113. Figure 4.—Left valve, xl. Anomia horni n. sp.--p. 117. Figure s.—Upper valve, xl. Piolopodia texanum (Roemer).--p. 39. Figure 6.—Orel view, x 3. Figure 7.--Orel view, xl. Figure 8.--Lateral view, x 1. Figure 9.--Aboral view, x 1. Area texana (Roemer).--p. 80. Figure 10.--Dorsel view, xl. Figure 11.--Lateral view, x 1. Kingena staffor di n. sp.—p. 69. Figure 12.--Brachial valve, xl. Figure 13.—Pedicellate valve, xl. Rhynchonella simondsi n. sp.—p. 67. Figure 14.—Pedicellate valve, xl. Figure 15.—Brachial valve, x 1. Lnallaster obliquatus Clark.--p. 60. Figure 16.--Aboral view, x 1. Figure 17.—Oral view, x 1. PLATS V. Ostrea plummeri n. sp.—p. 85. Figure I.—Lower valve, xl. Figure 2. —Upper valve, xl. Alectryonia comalensis n* sp.—p. 94. Figure 3.—lnterior of lower valve, xl. Figure 4.--Exterior of lower valve, x 1. PLATE VI. Exogyre hancockensis n. sp.—p. 91. Figure I.—lnterior of lower valve, xl. Figure 2.--Interior of upper valve, xl. Ostrea tuckerae' n. sp.—p. 86. Figure 3.—Exterior of lower valve, x 1. Figure 4.--Interior of lower valve, xl. Exogyra weatherfordensis Cragin.—p. 89. Figure s.—Lower valve, x 1. Figure 6.—Upper valve, x 1. PLATEi VII Alectryonia alternant (Cragin).—p. 93. Figure I.—Bxterior view of lower valve, x 1 Figure 2.—lnterior view of lower valve, x 1 Qstrea sellardsi n. sp.—p. 87. Figure 3.--Lower valve, xl. Spondylus olsenae n. sp.--p. 114. Figure 4.--Right valve, xl. Figure 5.--Left valve, xl. Figure 6.—Side view of both valves, x 1. Nucula bybeei n. sp.>—p. 71. Figure 7.—Dorsal view, xl. Figure 8.--Lateral view, x 1. PLATS VIII Modiola cuylerl n. sp.—p. 118. Figure 1.--Lateral view, x 1 Figure 2.--Dorsal view, x 1. mcallisterin. sp. -- p. 122. Figure 3.—Dorsal view, xl. Figure 4.—Lateral view, x 1. fdodiola banderaensis n. sp.—p. 123. Figure 5.--Lateral view, x 1. Figure 6.--Dorsal view, xl. hugoensis n. sp.—p. 127. Figure 7.—Lateral view, x 1. Figure B.—Dorsal view, x 1. Modiola branneri Hill.--p. 125. Figure 9.--Lateral view, xl. Figure 10.--Dorsal view, x 1. Modiola coneentrice-costellata Roemer.—p. 120 Figure 11.--Lateral view, x 1. Figure 12.--Dorsal view, x 1. Astarte demoni n. sp.—p. 171. Figure 13.--Lateral view. x 1 Figure 14.—Dorsal view, xl. Tapes baker! n. sp.--p. 205. Figure 15.—Dorsal view. xl. Figure 16.--Lateral view, x 1 Tapes decepta (Hill). —p. 204. Figure 17.—Lateral view, x 1 Figure 18.--Dorsal view. xl. PLATE IX Hinnites texana n. sp.--p. 103. Figure 1.--Interior view of right valve, xl. Figure 2.—Exterior of right valve, xl. PLATE X Lima wacoensis Roemer.--p. 116. Figure 1.--Lateral view, x 1. Hinnites guadalupae n. sp.—p. 105. Figure 2.—Lateral view, xl. PLATE XI gxogyra guadalupae n. sp.—p. 90. Figure I.—Lower valve, xl. PLATE XII Pholadomya boiling! n. sp.—p. 131. Figure 1.--Lateral view, x 1. Figure 2.—Dorsal view, x 1. sxogyra guedalupae n. 'sp.—p. 90. Figure 3.—Upper valve, xl. PLATS XIII Homomya knowltoni (Hill). —p. 128. Figure 1.--Dorsel view, xl. Figure 2.--Lateral view, xl. Homomya comalensis n. sp. --p. 130. Figure 3.—Dorsal view, xl. Figure 4.--Lateral view, xl. Panopea bandersensis n. sp.—p. 212. Figure 5.--Lateral view, xl. Figure 6.--Dorsal view, xl. Panopea sellardsi n. sp.--p. 213. Figure 7.—Dorsal view, xl. Figure 8.--Lateral view, xl. PLATS XIV Panopea hill! n. sp.—p. 210. Figure 1.--Lateral view, xl. Figure 2.--Lateral view showing pellial line and sinus, x 1. Figure 3.--Dorsal view, x 1. Anatina beckleyi n. sp.—p. 136. Figure 4.--Lateral view, xl. Figure 5.--Dorsal view, xl. Anatina simondsi n. sp.--p. 134. Figure 6.—Dorsal view, x 1. Figure 7.--Lateral view, x 1. Ana Lina hanseni n. sp.--p. 133. Figure 8.--Dorsal view, x 1. Figure 9.—Lateral view, xl. XV Astarte deeni n. sp.--p. 172. Figure I.—Slab of rock showing numerous specimens, xl. Panopea henselli (Hill). —p. 214. Figure 2.—Lateral view, xl. Figure 3.—Dorsal view, x 1. Cyprimeria texena. Roemer.—p. 202. Figure 4.--Lateral view, x 1. Figure 5.--View showing teeth, x 1. PLAT® XVI Granocardium pseudopendens n. sp.--p. 192. Figure I.—Lateral view, x 1. Cardium congestum Conrad.—p. 189. Figure 2^ —View of anterior side, x 1. Figure 2.—Lateral view, xl. Protocardia texana (Conrad).--p. 193. Figure 4.—Lateral view. x 1. Lucina (Phacoides) horni n. sp.—p. 185. Figure s.—Lateral view, x 1. Figure 6.--Dorsal view, xl. Protocardie multlstriata Shumard.--p. 195. Figure 7.—Lateral view, xl. Cardium subcongestum Bdse.--p. 190. Figure B.—Lateral view, x 1. Perna ellisorae n. sp.--p. 84. Figure 9.--Lateral view, xl. Figure 10.--Dorsal view, x 1. Corbis n. sp.--p. 156. Figure 11.—Lateral view, xl. Figure 12.--Dorsal view, x 1. PLATE XVII Corbis banderaensis n. sp.—p. 187. Figure I.—Lateral view, xl. Figure 2.--Dorsal view, x 1. Cardita Stafford! n. sp.--p. 175. Figure 3.—Dorsal view, xl. Figure 4.—Lateral view, x 1. Cypricardia compacts (White).--p. 149. Figure s.—Dorsal view, xl. Figure 6.--Lateral view, xl. Cypricardia pelletae n. sp.—p. 151. Figure 7.—Dorsal view, xl. Figure B.—Lateral view, xl. Crassatellites eifleri n. so.—p. 173. Figure 9.—Lateral view, x 1. PLATfS XVIII Meretrix wellsi n. sp.--p. 201. Figure I.—Dorsal view, xl. Figure 2.--Lateral view, xl. Meretrix hansenj n. sp.—p. 198. Figure 3.--Dorsal view, x 1. Figure s.—Lateral view, xl. Meretrix texana (Conrad)--p. 196. Figure 4.—Dorsal view, xl. Figure 6.—Lateral view, x 1. PLATS XIX Toucasia hancockensls n. sp.—p. 178. Figure of small valve, xl. Figure 2.--View of large valve on the attach" ment side, xl. Figure 3.--Opposite side of large valve, x 1. Toucasia pseudopatagiata n. sp.—p. 180. Figure 4.—View showing both valves, xl. •Figure s.—View of attachment side, x 1. Figure 6.--View of small valve, xl. XX Toucasia texane (Roemer). —p. 176. Figure I.—View showing both valves, x l._ Figure 2.—Flat valve, xl. Figure 3.—View of attachment valve, x 1. Corbula martinae n. sp.—p. 206. Figure 4.—Slab of rock shoeing numerous specimens, x 1. Figure s.—Lateral view, x 3. Figure 6.--Dorsal view, x 3. PLAT® XXI Immanitas texana n. sp.—p. 184. Figure 1.--Lateral view, xl. PLATS XXII Immanitas texana n. sp.—p. 184. Figure l.—lmma nites reef on the Kreh ranch, Comal County, Tex. PLATS XXIII Trigonia whitneyi Wendler n. sp.--p. 99. Figure I.—Lateral view. x 1. Figure 2.--Dorsal view, x 1. Trigonia goraoni .endler n. sp.—p. 101. Figure 3.—Lateral view, xl. Tri gon la. wendleri n. sp.—p. 96. figure 4.--Lateral view, x 1. J'onopleura so. —p. 183. Figure 5.--Lateral view, x* 1. Monopleura marclda Whi t e.--p. 181. Figure 6.—Lateral view, xl. Monopleura subtriquetra Roemer.--p. 182. Figure 7.—Lateral view, x 1. PLATS XXIV Liopistha (Psilomya) bandsraensis n. sp.—p. 137 Figure I.—Dorsal view, xl. .• t Figure 2.—Lateral view, x 1. PLAT® XXV. Llopistha (Psilomya) solida (Cragin).--p. 141. Figure 1.--Lateral view, xl. Figure 2.—Dorsal view, x 1. I PLATE XXVI Liopistha (Psilotnya) walker! n. sp.--p. 147. Figure 1.--Lateral view, xl. Figure 2.--Dorsal view, x 1. PLATS XXVII Lioplstha (Psilomya) alta (Roemer). —p. 145. Figure I.—Dorsal view, x 1. Figure 2.--Lateral view, xl. PUTS XXVIII Liopisthe (Psilomya) jurafacies (Cragin).—p. 143. Figure I.—Lateral view. xl. Figure 2.--Dorsal view, x 1. PLATS XXIX Liopistha (Psilomya) fletcheri n. sp.—p. 139. Figure 1.--Lateral view, x 1. Figure 2.--Dorsal view. x 1. PLATS XXX Pecten guadelupensis Ries n. sp-—p. Ill* Figure I.—Lateral view, xl. FLATS XXXI Neithea irregularis BBse.--p. 107. Figure 1.--Left valve, x 1. •> Figure 2.--Right valve, xl. Fecten stantoni Hill.—p. 110. Figure 3.--Left valve, xl. Pecten bremletti n. sp.--p. 112. Figure 4.--Lateral view, xl. PLATE XXXII Area simondsi n. sp.—p. 82. Figure 1.--Lateral view, x 1. Figure 2.--Dorsal view, x 1. PUTS XXXIII Cucullaea gratiota Hill* —P« 74 • Figure 1.--Dorsal view, x 1. Figure 2.—Lateral view, x 1. PLATE XXXIV Arctica medialis (Conrad).--p. 156. Figure 1.--Lateral view, x 1. Figure 2.--Dorsal view, x 1. t Arctics plummerae Ries n.v sp.—p. 155 Figure 3.—Letera! view, xl. Figure 4.—Dorsal view, xl. Cucullaea gracilis Cragin.—p. 78. Figure s.—Dorsal view, x 1. Figure 6.--Lateral view, x 1. PLAT& XXXV Cucullaea harrisi n. sp.--p. 76. Figure I.—Dorsal view.—x 1. Figure 2.--Lateral view, x 1. Cucullaee blancoensis n. sp.--. 77. Figure 3.--Anterior view, x 1. P/afe ZCTT ‘ PLATS XXXVI Cucullaea blaneoensis n. sp.--p. 77. Figure 1.--Dorsal view, xl. Figure 2.--Lateral view, x 1 PLATE XXXVII Cucullaea terminalis (Conrad)--p. 72. Figure I.—Dorsal view, x 1. Figure 2.--Lateral view, x 1. PLATS XXXVIII £££ frig-1 rpemeri (Cragin).--p. 166. Figure 1.--Dorsal view. x*l. Figure 2.--Lateral view, xl. PLATS XXXIX Arctica guadalupensis Ries n. sp.--p. 163. Figure 1.--Posterior view, x 1. Figure 2.—Lateral view, xl. Arctica comalensis Ries n. sp.—p. IGO. Figure 3.--Posterior view, x, 1. Figure 4.—Lateral view, x 1. Arctica navicularia Ries n-. sp.—n. 153. Figure 5.--Posterior view, x 1. Figure 6.--Lateral view, xl. Arctics pseudotexana Ries n. sp.—p. 169. Figure 7.—Let ere,l view, x 1. Figure B.—Dorsal vie?/, x 1. PLATS XL Arctica banderaensis Ries n. sp.—p. 165. Figure 1.--Dorsal view, x 1. Figure 2.--Lateral view, xl. PLATE XL I Arctica gibbosa (Giebel).—p. 158. Figure I.—Dorsal view, xl. Figure 2.--Lateral view, x 1. PLATE' XLII Arctica bybeei n. sp.--p. 168. Figure 1.--Dorsal view, x 1. Figure 2.—Laterel view, xl. PLATE XLIII Arctica texana (Conrad). —p. 152. Figure I.—Dorsal view, x 1. Figure 2.—Lateral view, xl. Arctic? palroerae a. sp.—p. 161. Figure 3.—Lateral view, xl. Figure 4.--Dorsal view, xl. PLATE XLIV Trochactaeon tysoni n. sp.—p. 262. Figure I.—Apertural view, xl. Figure 2.—End view of spire, xl. Trochacteeon gardneree n. sp.--p. 261. Figure 3.—Apertural view, xl. Figure 4.—End view of spire, xl. Siliquaria sp.--p. 233. Figure s.—Lateral view, x 1. Harpagodes stephensoni n. sp.—p. 259. Figure 6.—Lateral view, xl. PLATE XLV Purpuroidea krehanus n. sp.—p. 220. Figure I, Apertural view, xl. Figure 2.--End view of spire, x 1. Figures 3-4.--Cross sections, xl. PLATS XLVI Purpuroidea harper! n. sp.--p. 221, . Figure I.—Lateral view, xl. PLATE XLVII Purpuroidea harper! n. sp.--p. 221. Figure 1.--End view of spire, at 1. Tylostome barrowi n. sp.—p. 228. Figure 2.--End view of spire, x 1. plats; xlviii Tylostoma barrow! n. sp.--p. 228. Figure X.—Lateral view, xl. PLATE XLIX Tylostoma oedernalis var. glenrosensis n. var.--p. 227 Figure 1.--Lateral view, xl. Figure 2.—2nd view of spire, xl. Tylostoma casteeli n. sp.--p. 224. Figure 3.--Lateral view showing varix, xl. Figure 4.--Apertural view, x 1. Figure 5.--Lateral view, xl. PLATE L Tylostoma tharpi n. sp.--p. 225. Figure I.—Apertural view showing varix, xl. Figure 2.--End view of spire showing varices. x 1. Tylostomp lewisi n. sp.—p. 226. Figure 3.—find view of spire, xl. Figure 4.—Apertural view, x 1. Tylostoma travisensis n r sp.—p. 222. Figure s.—End view of spire, xl. Figure 6.--Lateral view, xl. Figure 7.—Apertural view, xl. PLATE LI Natica traski n. sp.—p. 231. Figure I.—Lateral view, xl. Figure 2.—End view of spire, xl. PLATE LII Amauropsis comeleasts n. sp.—p. 232. Figure I.—Apertural view, x 1. Figure 2.--End view of spire, x 1. Natlea bullardi n. sp.—p. 230. Figure 3.—Apertural view showing callous, x 1. Figure 4.—End view of spire, xl. PLATE LUI Lunatic ped er nails Hill.—p. 229. Figure I.—Lateral view, xl. Figure 2.—End view of spire. PLATE LIV Nerinea guadalupae n. sp.--p. 240. Figure 1.--Lateral view, xl. Figure 2.--Cross section showing plaits, xl. Nerinea hancockensis n. sp.--p. 239. Figure 3.--Lateral view of holotype, x 1. Figure 4.—Cross section showing plaits, xl. Figure 5.--Lateral view of paratype, xl. PLATS LV Nerinee. roemeri n. sp.--p. 236. Figure I.—Cross section showing plaits, xl. Figure 2, —Lateral view, x 1. Nerinea texana Roemer.--p* 235. ' Figure 3.--Lateral view, xl. Neringh simondsi n. sp.--p. 241. •Figure 4.--Lateral view, x 1. Figure s.—Cross section showing plaits, xl. PLAT® LVI Nerinea ikinsi n. sp.—p. 244. Figure I.—Lateral view, x 1. Nerinee harrisi n. sp.--p. §45. Figure 2.--Later;. 1 vi;w. x 1. Nerinea boyseni n. sp.--p. 242. Figure 3.--Lateral vipw. xl. Nerinea cuyleri n. sp.—p. 2£l. Figure 4.--Lateral view, x 1. Nerinea coras lens is n. sp.--p. 238. Figure 5.--Lateral view, x 1. Figure 6.—View showing plaits, x 1 PLATE LVII Nerinella pedernalis n. sp.--p. 246. Figure 1.--Lateral view showing markings. x 1. Figure 2.--Cross section showing plaits, x 1. Nerinella cfr. circumvoluta (Cragin}.--p. 247. Figure 3.--Lateral view, xl. Figure 4.—Lateral view, x 2.5. Nerinella simondsi n. sp.--p. 248. Figure 5.--Lateral view, x 2.5. Nerinells boernensis n. sp.--p. 249. Figure 6.—Lateral view, xl. PLATE LVIII Cerithium blnncoensis n. sp.—p. 254. Figure 1.--Apertural view, x 2.5. Figure 2.—Apertural view, x 1. Figures 3-4.—Lateral view, x 1. Cerithium bullardi n, sp.—p. 253. Figure s.—Lateral view, x 2.5. Cerithium plummerae n. sp. , cfr. Sanct&e crucis Pic tet and Campiche.--p. 255. Figure 6.—Lateral view, x 1. Cerithium simondsi n. sp.—p. 252. Figure 7.--Lateral view, xl. Figure 8.--Lateral view, x 2.5. CeriihiuTt haysensis n. sp..—p. 250. Figure 9.—Apertural view, x 2.5. Cerithium gardnerae n. sp.--p. 251. Figure 10.—Apertural view, x 2.5. PLATE LIX Pleurotomaria glenrosensis n. sp.--p. 216. Figure 1.--Aperture! view, x 1. Figure 2.--End view of spire, x 1. Strombus n. sp.—p. 257. Figure 3.--Apertural view, x 1. Nerita boneliens is n. sp..—p. 218. Figure 4.—End view of spire, x 1. Figure 5.--Apertural view.- x 1. Turbo cuyleri n. sp.--p. 217. Figure 6.--Aperture! view, x 1. Figure 7.--End view of spire, x 1. Fusus haysensis n. sp.—p. 260. Figure B.—Lateral view, xl. Figure 9.—End view, xl. Strombus beckleyi n. sp.—p. 256. Figure 10.—Lateral view, x 1. Figure 11.—Apertural view, x 1. •S trombus stantoni n. sp.—p. 258. Figure 12.—Lateral view, x 1. Cylichna haysensis „n. sp.—p. 263. Figure 13.—Lateral view, x 1. Figure 14.—Apertural view, x 1. Turbo mcalllsteri n. sp.--p. 218. Figure 15.--Apertural view, xl. Figure 16.—End view of spire, x 1 Pleu'roeera branneri (Hill).--p. 234. Figure 17.--Lateral view, x 1. P/afe Z. IT Plate I. P/afe IK P/ate I. P/ate ~VT P/afe X P/ate X P/aTe IT P/a te XL P/ATE P/afe 2ZT. P/ofe zr P/ate XEL P/ar e m. Wate ZM f7c/Xe x/x P/Gfe ZX. X/aLe XXL. XX// /%z/e XXIL r/ate X£3T /%Z/E XI/ PPPe JUT. /=7tfeZXEZr. /%7/e xmr P/afe JXK P/cpe JXT /TBZE P/a/e ZXM. P/ate Will /%?/<? WR P/afe SS P/ate ZZZffl P/afe W. JZXIT. r/a/'G ZL. f7afe -ZZT. P/ate JU. fVcrte JU. fVate XL/K. / = 7a'/~e f/crte XZ/7 E XS TVcrfe 7m. P/ate XZ/Z. P/ate L /%7/6> ZE. P/afe JJT. /%Z/E _ZX LLLL 7=7&7e JJL UT. ZUT. F/afe H /%7Ze