.....1 Ntll• The University of Texas Publication No. 4127 July 15, 1941 POPULATION MOBILITY IN AUSTIN, TEXAS 1929-1931 Bureau of Research in the Social Sciences PUBLISHED BY THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AUSTIN l . "Ji' ~Miffi*'~t°"' Additional copiu of this publication may be procured free of charge from the University Publications, The University of Tuaa, Austin, Texaa The University of Texas Publication No. 4127: July 15, 1941 POPULATION MOBILITY IN AUSTIN, TEXAS 1929-1931 Bureau of Research m the Social Sciences PUBLISHED BY THE UNIVERSITY FOUR TIMES A MONTH AND ENTERED AS SECOND•CLASS MATTER AT THE POST OFFICE AT AUSTIN, TEXAS, UNDER THE ACT OF AUGUST 24, 1912 The benefits of education and of useful knowledge, generally diffused through a community, are essential to the preservation of a free govern· ment. Sam Houston Cultivated mind is the guardian genius of Democracy, and while guided and controlled by virtue, the noblest attribute of man. It is the only dictator that freemen acknowledge, and tbe only security wbicb freemen desire. Mirabeau B. Lamar FOREWORD The Bureau of Research in the Social Science Studies are an expression of a community of interests in the social sciences. The publication of these studies is one of the results of a program of research which has been undertaken since 1927 with the assistance of substantial grants from one of the national foundations and liberal appropriations from the Texas Legislature. For the most part the Studies deal with social science problems of Texas and the Southwest region and represent specific investigations, the findings of which are published under the direction of the Bureau for the purpose of furnishing information of a non-propagandistic char­acter to the end that facts about Texas and the Southwest may be more widely disseminated and more generally known. The report of the study of population mobility in Austin, Texas, 1929-1931, which is included in this bulletin, is the first of a pro­jected series of reports on the mobility of urban populations in a state that has been, until recent years, predominantly rural, but which is now rapidly becoming industrialized and urbanized. Shifts in population as between country and city, between various urban areas of residence, and between different occupational groups have long been matters of interest to the student of population. These same shifts have a practical interest to local government officials, to real estate boards, to utility companies, the welfare agencies, and like interest groups. This report and those that are to follow, in addition to illustrating a method of research, should prove to be of value to all persons and organizations that have a scientific and/ or a practical interest in what is happening to the city dwellers of Texas. W. E. GETTYS, Director. PREFACE Long recognized as of importance to social science, demographic studies have only recently been based upon an adequate accumula­tion of facts. Perhaps this deficiency has been due to the laborious nature of the data-gathering required, for which there is no short­cut substitute. A census can be taken only by systematic house-to­house canvass and vital statistics can be secured only through an effective recording agency, conscientiously maintained. The co­ordinated efforts of a large number of persons are required to secure a coverage large enough and nearly enough complete to be significant. Censuses and records of births and deaths are now a common­place in civilized countries, but there are still many aspects of population upon which the official statistics throw little light. This is especially true of mobility in the United States, which, because of its obvious increase in recent years, has aroused much interest among students of population problems. In the circumstances there have necessarily been many attempts to utilize, for population study, data gathered for other purposes. This dearth of data is primarily responsible for the selection of the city directory as the source of information for this study. If it is successful, the study will serve two purposes; first, it will contribute something toward the building up of a body of material on the movements of popula­tion in Texas, about which, hitherto, comparatively little has been learned and, second, it will demonstrate the value of the city directory as a source and suggest some ways m which it may be utilized. The investigation had its inception in the summer of 1937, with the receipt of a grant from the Bureau of Research in the Social Sciences to Project No. 54, under the direction of the writer. A number of individuals have contributed their services and ideas to the project. The group includes Dr. Henry Sheldon, Mr. Douglas W. Oberdorfer, and Mr. W. Gordon Browder, all of whom suc­cessively served as technical supervisors. Several students of sociology in The University of Texas, among them Miss Pearl Paul and Mr. John Dashiell, have given able assistance. The School of Business Administration, in allowing us to use its machines, has materially facilitated the procedure of tabulation. And throughout the entire period of the study the aid and encouragement of Dr. W. E. Gettys, Director of the Bureau, has been available. CARL M. ROSENQUIST. Austin, Texas May, 1941 CONTENTS PAGE Introduction ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------11 General Procedure -----------------------------------------------------------------------15 Population Characteristics of Austin Census Tracts______ _______ ___ ____ 18 The Directory Population of Austin, 1929 and 193L_ _____________ 23 Movement Into Austin, 1929-1931 -----------------------------------------------25 Movement Out of Austin, 1929-1931___ _____________________________ _ ______ 27 Inter-Tract Mobility, 1929-1931 --------------------------------------------------28 Appendix ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------65 TABLES PACE Table I-Population Density by Tracts, 1929 and 193L______________________________ 29 Table II-Population of Census Tracts by Number and Per Cent of Total, 1929 and 1931 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3Cl Table III-Racial Composition of Population by Tracts, 1929____________________ 30 Table IV-Racial Composition by Population by Tracts, 193L_______________ 31 Table V-Occupation Classes by Number and Per Cent of Total, 1929 and 1931 ----------------------------------------------------------·---------------------------------31 Table VI-Change in Population by Tracts, 1929 to 193L________________________ 32 Table VII-Change in White Population by Tracts, 1929 to 193L____ _____ ___ 32 Table VIII-Change in Negro Population by Tracts, 1929 to 193L________ 33 Table IX-Change in Mexican Population by Tracts, 1929 to 193L_________ 33 Table X-Movement Into Austin by Tracts, 1929 to 193L______ ___ _______ ________ 34 Table XI-Movement of Whites into Austin by Tracts, 1929 to 1931_______ 34 Table XII-Movement of Mexicans into Austin by Tracts, 1929 to 193L__ 35 Table XIII-Movement of Negroes into Austin by Tracts, 1929 to 1931____ 35 Table XIV-Movement into Austin by Occupational Classes, 1929 to 1931 36 Table XV-Movement of Professional Workers into Austin by Tracts, 1929 to 1931 --------------------------------------------------------------------------36 Table XVI-Movement of Proprietors into Austin by Tracts, 1929 to 1931 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------37 Table XVII-Movement of Clerical Workers into Austin by Tracts, 1929 to 1931 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------37 Table XVIII-Movement of Skilled Workers into Austin by Tracts, 1929 to 1931 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------38 Table XIX-Movement of Semi-Skilled Workers into Austin by Tracts, 1929 to 1931 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------38 Table XX-Movement of Unskilled Workers into Austin by Tracts, 1929 to 1931 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------39 Table XXI-Movement of Persons Reporting No Occupation into Austin by Tracts, 1929 to 193L--------------------------------------------------------------------------39 Table XXII-Movement Out of Austin by Tracts, 1929 to 193L________ _________ 40 Table XXIII-Movements of Whites out of Austin by Tracts, 1929 to 1931 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------40 Table XXIV-Movement of Mexicans out of Austin by Tracts, 1929 to 1931 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------41 Table XXV-Movemcnt of Negroes out of Austin by Tracts, 1929 to 1931 41 Table XXVI-Movement Out of Austin by Occupational Gasses, 1929 to 1931 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------42 Table XXVII-Movement of Professional Workers out of Austin by Tracts 1929 to 1931 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------'. 42 Table XXVIII-Movement of Proprietors out of Austin by Tracts 1929 to 1931 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------~-----------43 Table XXIX-Movement of Clerical Workers out of Austin by Tracts 1929 to 1931 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------' 43 Tables PAGE Table XXX-Movement of Skilled Workers out of Austin by Tracts, 1929 to 1931 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------44 Table XXXl-Movement of Semi-Skilled Workers out of Austin by Tracts, 1929 to 1931 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------44 Table XXXIl-Movement of Unskilled Workers out of Austin by Tracts, 1929 to 1931 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------45 Table XXXIII-Movement of Persons Reporting No Occupation out of Austin by Tracts, 1929 to 193L -------------------------------------------------------------------45 Table XXXIV-lnter-Tract Mobility by Tracts, 1929 to 193L________________ _ ___ 46 Table XXXV-lnter-Tract Mobility of Whites by Tracts, 1929 to 193L __ 46 Table XXXVl-lnter-Tract Mobility of Mexicans by Tracts, 1929 to 1931 47 Table XXXVII-lnter-Tract Mobility of Negroes by Tracts, 1929 to 193L __ 47 Table XXXVIII-lnter-Tract Mobility by Occupational Classes, 1929 to 1931 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------48 Table XXXIX-lnter-Tract Mobility of Professional Workers by Tracts, 1929 to 1931 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------48 Table XL-Inter-Tract Mobility of Proprietors by Tracts, 1929 to 193L______ 49 Table XLl-lnter-Tract Mobility of Clerical Workers by Tracts, 1929 to 1931 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------49 Table XLII-lnter-Tract Mobility of Skilled Workers by Tracts, 1929 to 1931 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------50 Table XLIII-lnter-Tract Mobility of Semi-Skilled Workers by Tracts, 1929 to 1931 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------50 Table XLIV-lnter-Tract Mobility of Unskilled Workers by Tracts, 1929 to 1931 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------51 Table XLV-lnter-Tract Mobility of Persons Reporting No Occupation by Tracts, 1929 to 1931 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------51 Table X~VI~lnter-Tract Mobility in Austin, 1929 to 1931, by Tract of Dest1nat1on ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------52 MAPS PAGE Map I-Density of Pooulation by Tracts, 1929..-------------------------------53 Map 2-Density of Population by Tracts, 193L______________________________ 54 Map 3-Distribution of Mexicans, 1929-1931 --------------------55 Map 4-Distribution of Negroes, 1929-1931 -------------------------------------56 Map 5--Change in Population by Tracts, 1929-1931_________ ___ _ 57 Map 6-Movement Out of Austin by Tracts, 1929-1931..____________________________ 58 May 7-Movement Into Austin by Tracts, 1929-1931 ---------59 Map 8--lnter-Tract Movement Out, All Persons ------------------60 Map 9-lnter-Tract Movement Out, Professional Workers__ _ ________ _ 61 Map 10-lnter-Tract Movem,.nt Out, Skilled Laborers -----------------62 Map 11-lnter-Tract Movement Out, Unskilled Laborers -----------------63 Map 12-lnter-Tract Movement Out, Unoccupied Persons --------64 POPULATION MOBILITY IN AUSTIN, TEXAS 1929-1931 INTRODUCTION This study of the mobility of the population of Austin, Texas, is one of a series of studies of Texas population begun under the direction of the Bureau of Research in the Social Sciences of The University of Texas. The present study is in the nature of an experiment designed to test the validity of a technique for investi­gating the mobility of urban populations. This technique, namely, the use of a series of city directories as the basic source of data, has subsequently been considerably expanded, and will be more fully reported when surveys of population mobility in the cities of Dallas and Houston, now in progress, have been completed. The use of city directories as source of data for detailed studies of urban populations has, until the present time, been limited. Except in a few special instances, the possibilities of this field have been almost entirely unexplored. The reasons why population researchers have not devoted their efforts to an investigation of the uses of city directories are clear when the obvious faults of city directories are considered. No claim can be made for complete coverage of the population of a city, nor for strict accuracy in listing. Directory populations are always smaller than the census populations of cities; and it is doubtful that any constant ratio can be established between the directory population and the census population. It is likewise true that mistakes in listing exist within directories, and many uncertain entries can be found, not all of which can be corrected. Moreover, there is some question as to whether directory listings may not be weighted in the direction of certain socio-economic groups; possibly the higher economic and more stable elements in the population may be more adequately represented than the generally more mobile lower socio-economic groups. In fairness, it must be said that this is merely an assump­tion, and further studies of the adequacy of directory data are needed before any definite statement can be made on this point. The University of Texas Publication Notwithstanding the criticisms of the city directory as a source of basic data for population research, certain useful applications of these data are indicated. The fact that city directories, taken over a period of years, present a catalogue of the majority of residents within a given city, together with their addresses, suggests immediately that changes within the population may be ascertained by observing the changes that take place within the directories. The idea behind the present study and other studies of the same type is simply that mobility of urban populations can be measured by noting changes in the residence of persons listed, following them through a number of directories. The method makes possible the investigation of three different phases of urban mobility: movement into the city, obtained by noting new entries appearing in directories later than the first of the series; movement out of the city, obtained by noting entries disappearing from the series; and intra-city mobility, obtained by noting changes of residence within the city. Since home ownership and occupation are designated in most directories, a number of interesting relationships between mobility and other factors can be observed. Further, the street address section provides information concerning all structures listed, and enables the investigator to relate mobility data to such factors as the number of unoccupied addresses, the incidence of industrial and commercial usage, and the number of families and persons occupying residential units. When inter-city and intra-city mobility are considered in terms of the available information, and the whole is related to some such spatial and geographical base as the census tract, a detailed por­trayal of the mobility patterns within the city, as well as of the ecological configuration of the city, may be obtained. One of the primary objectives of the series of urban mobility studies now under way is the establishment of the census tract as the geographical unit of investigation. Since the census tract is delineated according to its homogeneity as measured on a scale of socio-economic and population indices, its use as a geographical base enhances the validity and significance of the results of such studies. Howard Whipple Green and Leon E. Truesdell, in a Bureau of the Census publication entitled "Census Tracts in American Cities,"1 state that "The census figures as presented for a city divided into tracts provide material in themselves for a social or sociological analysis of the population which would be impossible without this detailed geographic presentation. These figures are also used directly in many ways by city departments and welfare organizations and by commercial concerns, such as newspapers, utility companies, and selling organizations. Their greatest value, however, is probably brought out when they are made to serve as a background for material collected locally, such as records of deaths, contagious diseases, juvenile delinquency, etc. When it is shown, for example, that the death rate from tuberculosis in a given tract or group of tracts is four or five times as high as in other parts of the city, this fact can be related to physical conditions existing in the high-rate area. The tracts are also invaluable under present conditions in compiling statistics of unemployment, relief, and other emergency activities." The authors proceed to list a wide variety of agencies and institutions, both public and private, which have made actual use of census tract data in those cities which have been divided into tracts by authority of the Bureau of the Census. The facts indicate the great usefulness of census tracts as a basis for studies of the sort here reported. Austin, with a population of slightly more than 53,000 in 1930, was not included among the cities for which census tracts already existed, since the practice of the Bureau of the Census prior to 194.0 was to tract only the larger cities. Hence, the first operation in the present study was to develop a census tract layout. Permission was obtained from the Bureau of the Census to proceed with the designa­tion of the tracts, and this work was done under the supervision of Dr. Carl M. Rosenquist, Professor of Sociology in The Uni­versity of Texas. The city was first divided into seventeen areas, later reduced to fourteen. This plan, approved by the Bureau of the Census, was adopted as the official tract layout for the city, and was utilized as the geographical basis for the present study. Tract areas were de­termined by use of a planimeter and a large-scale map. 1Washington: Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census. Revised edition, July, 1937. Tract populations in this study are based upon the directory population for 1929 and 1931, and not upon the Census population. The official Census population of Austin in 1930 was 53,120. The directory population for 1929, for the area lying within the city limits, and exclusive of all non-resident students, was 33,482. The directory population for 1931 was 36,544. The directory popula­tion does not include persons less than eighteen years of age; if proper allowance was made for these persons, the directory popula­tion of the city would naturally be considerably nearer the Census population. Although theoretically the time span covered by a study of this type need be limited only by the number of consecutive years for which city directories are available, and by the facilities for con­ducting the research, in this study a three-year time span, covered by two directories, was chosen. The directory published in 1931 also included entries for 1930, so that there is no break in the series. The study was limited to this short period because only limited facilities for transcription and tabulation were available, and be­cause the primary interest lay in the validity of the technique involved and the implications for further studies based on this methodology, rather than on the collection of a large mass of data. Since the time span covered by the study includes a Federal census year, 1930, the data may be related to any census data which might be considered relevant. When the census tracts had been established, and tract maps of the city had been prepared, the procedure of the survey fell into three general divisions: transcription of entries from the directories to file cards; coding of these cards for the desired information; and tabulation of the coded data. The data were taken off on work sheets, and from these basic work sheets the final set of tables and maps was prepared. GENERAL PROCEDURE All entries in the 1931 directory were typed at the top of three by five-inch cards. These cards were kept in alphabetical order, and the file was checked through the 1929 directory. The entries in the file not found in the 1929 directory were marked "XX" below the typed entry, indicating "out" in 1929. For the entries in the 1929 directory for which no cards existed in the 1931 file, new cards were made out, the entry being typed toward the bottom of the card. These cards were marked "XX" at the top, indicating "out" in 1931. On the cards with entries in both years, that is, cards in the 1931 file with entries appearing in the 1929 directory also, similarities or differences in address, occupation, and marital status were noted. (See Appendix A, "Instructions for Checking Cards Through 1929 Directory," and Appendix B, "Instructions for Identifying 1931 Typed Cards in 1929 Directory.") The file then contained cards with three types of entries: those in the 1931 directory only; those in the 1929 directory only; and those appearing in both directories. The cards with entries in both years were of two kinds: entries appearing at the same address in 1929 and 1931; and entries ap­pearing in both years, hut with different addresses. Information from death and marriage records was entered on the cards. Persons who were listed in the 1929 directory, hut who died between 1929 and the time of publication of the 1931 directory, were designated as in the city one year only (1929), hut were not included in the number of persons moving out of the city between 1929 and 1931. Information from the marriage records was in­cluded, because, when the study was originally planned, tabulation of mobility by marital status and by families was contemplated. It was subsequently decided that such tabulations were of too com­plex a nature to he included in the present report, and marriage record information was used only in the determination of "couple cards"-that is, entries consisting of a man and his wife, as opposed to entries representing individuals only. The couple cards were later broken down to individuals. When the cards had been completely checked through the direc­tories, and information from the death and marriage records entered, they were numbered serially in alphabetical order. The serial numbers served the purpose of identifying cards. All entries of business firms were removed from the file, and transcription was verified. The cards were then ready for designation of proper census tract, according to the address listed on the card. For this purpose, and to determine inter-tract moves between 1929 and 1931, a street index of the city was necessary. The directory of householders in the back of the directories supplied the required information for the construction of a street index, since all addresses on all streets within the city were listed there in order. For the making of the index, large forms were mimeographed to provide two identical sets of columns. In the right-hand set of columns the directory of householders for 1931, by streets, was copied. All street addresses, including all "half" addresses, "rear" addresses, and separate apartments, were listed. These entries were then matched with the entries from the 1929 directory of house­holders, which were copied on the left side of the sheet. Dis­crepancies arising from changes in street names and house num­bers were eliminated as far as possible. Census tract numbers, taken from the census tract map of the city, were entered opposite each address for 1929 and 1931. The cards were sorted into street and number order by the 1931 address, the cards which were in 1929 only also being entered into this file by address. Each card was coded for tract number in 1929 and 1931. The cards representing entries in 1931 only, entries in 1929 only, and in both years with no change of address, were coded for the following items: residence, family head, home ownership, marital status, employment, family member or lodger, deaths, and race. Appendix C presents a complete description of the coding procedure. The coding for occupation was done separately. Two classifica­tions were considered: the regular Census classification in nine groups, and the Edwards' classification in eleven groups. A modification of the Edwards' classification was adopted as more nearly reflecting the true socio-economic characteristics of the population under consideration. Edwards lists six occupational groups based on socio-economic status : Professional; Proprietors and Managers; Clerical; Skilled; Semi-Skilled; and Unskilled.2 An additional category, including all individuaJs reporting no occupation, was adopted. Resident students of The University of Texas and of other colleges in the city, and inmates of the State institutions located at Austin, were also included; but in the course of the tabulation, these entries were discarded, since the number was too small to furnish an adequate base for separate considera­tion. The cards in 1931 only, and those in both years but with no change of address, were sorted out of the file. The 1931 cards were set aside for punching. The cards in both years but with change of address were resorted by the 1929 address, and were combined with the original file. Coding was then completed. The cards in 1929 only were removed from the file and set aside for punching. All the cards were now in the three basic groups: in 1929 only; in 1931 only; and in both years; and all cards were completely coded. All information from the coded cards was transferred to Hollerith machine cards, and tabulation was done mechanically. Although from the detailed information provided by the coded cards a number of rather complex tabulations of mobility was made pos­sible, as for example by marital status, family members and lodgers, etc., final tabulations were restricted to a limited number of items. Movement into and out of Austin, and inter-tract mobility, by area, race, and occupational class form the basis for the final report. Composition of the population by tracts, and density of the popula­tion by tracts, were also included. The following sections present a brief description of the census tracts and the final tables and maps, together with descriptive and analytical material. 2Edwards, Alba M., Alphabetical Index of Oceztpation by Industries and Social-Economic Groups. Washington, U.S. Government Printing Office, 1937. POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS OF AUSTIN CENSUS TRACTS During the period (1929-1931) covered by this study, no census tract plan existed for the city of Austin. The present tracts were laid out in 1937 by the Sociology Department of The Uni­versity of Texas; in the meantime, the area of the city had expanded considerably, and the population had increased sharply. Hence, mobility data for the period under consideration would hardly be significant when interpreted according to the social and economic characteristics of tracts delineated several years later, unless due allowance were made for changes occurring in the interim. In order to present a valid description of the various areas of the city for the purposes of this study, the present tracts were laid out on maps of the city made in 1930, and these maps were compared with up-to-date tract maps of the city, both as to physical ap­pearance and as to certain socio-economic characteristics. Inasmuch as a detailed survey of changes within the city does not fall within the scope of this study, no attention will be given to them here. Regarding the areal changes which have affected the census tracts, it may be stated that the only significant changes have occurred in the peripheral tracts. The city has grown rapidly during the past decade-from about 53,000 in 1930 to almost 88,000 in 1940-and this rapid growth has been reflected in the steady expansion of the periphery of the city into the adjacent countryside. Had the census tracts been laid out during the period covered by this study, the peripheral tracts would have been smaller, and of course would have shown much smaller population than they possessed at the time of the actual tract organization. For the purpose of this study, however, no modification of existing tract boundaries appears necessary. Since the chief aim in the use of a census tract base in the study of population mobility is to provide a set of areal units possessing certain known socio-economic characteristics, in the light of which objectively determined data may be analyzed and interpreted sig­nificantly, the following brief description of Austin census tracts is included here. Most of the material was obtained from land use maps and ethnic distribution maps prepared by Dr. Harry E. Moore of the Sociology Department of The University of Texas. Dr. Moore used data obtained from the Austin City Directory for 1930-1931, and applied them to maps of the city for 1930; hence the descriptive material on the census tracts is directly applicable to the data secured by this study.3 Tract 1, the largest tract in the city, was only slightly developed in 1929-1931. It was the least densely populated of the tracts, with only a few scattered residential subdivisions. It was then, as at present, an area of high-income homes, restricted to residential usage. The southern portion of this tract has somewhat deteriorated with the invasion of business and commercial concerns from the center of the city. Consequently, the more desirable residential development has tended to move northward within the tract, with the opening up of new residential subdivisions. A small retail and amusement center has developed around Tom Miller Dam, catering to the homes which have been built near Lake Austin and to entertainment seekers visiting the lake. Several State and Municipal institutions are located in this tract; among them are Camp Mabry, the National Guard headquarters; the State School for Defectives; and a municipal golf course. In the residential section of the tract are found many of the homes of the city's professional people-doctors and lawyers and faculty members of The University of Texas. The tract has experienced considerable development and large increase in population during recent years. It contains one of the best residential sections of the city. Tract 2 is a tract of predominantly residential character, most of the homes being occupied by families of moderate income. It contains the State Blind Institute and the State Hospital for the insane. The Dallas highway divides Tract 2 from Tracts 3 and 5; and small retail shopping centers have sprung up along this highway. Tract 2, like Tract 1, has expanded rapidly and has had a sharp increase in population. Many medium-income homes have been built in what was recently open country, and commercial establishments, chiefly taverns, liquor stores, and dine-and-dance 3See also Groves, E. R., and Moore, Harry E., An Introduction to Sociology, pp. 40-46. New York: Longmans, 1940. places, have followed the highway beyond the northern boundaries of the tract. In 1930 only the southern portion of the tract was well developed. Tract 3, like Tract 2, is marked by small homes of moderate­income families. It was relatively undeveloped in 1929-1931, except for that portion directly adjacent to Guadalupe Street, the Dallas highway. Tract 3 contains several small airports, including the Municipal Airport. The Austin Country Club is also located here. The population of the tract is almost entirely white. Tract 4, lying directly east of The University of Texas campus, contains a considerable Negro population. That part of the tract nearest The University of Texas campus (the football sta­dium and the baseball field lie within the tract) contains many student rooming houses and apartment houses, as well as several student fraternity houses. On East Avenue, just north of Twenty· fourth Street, a small and squalid Negro colony is located. Beyond East Avenue, and east along Nineteenth Street, there is an area of Negro homes adjoining the principal Negro colony in Tract 8. At the intersection of East Avenue and Manor Road, one of the main highways to Houston, there is located a retail shopping center. A small Lutheran College is located within this tract. Tract 5, lying near the campus of The University of Texas, is almost completely residential, and is within the area of rooming and boarding houses serving the University students. Practically no Negroes or Mexicans live in this tract. Many of the houses within the eastern portion of the tract are somewhat deteriorated; some of them are old homes which have been converted into student rooming houses. The western part of the tract contains a con· siderable number of new and attractive houses, many of them occupied by members of the University faculty. Tract 6 contains most of the campus and buildings of The Uni­ versity of Texas. The western residential portion of the tract is divided from the campus by Guadalupe Street, which at this point is known as "The Drag" to University students and townspeople. Here are several blocks devoted to small businesses catering to the student trade-cafes, drug stores, small jewelry stores, barber shops, grocery stores, and theatres. The residential section of the tract reflects the influence of the near-by University. Most of the homes take student roomers or boarders, or both. There are a number of fraternity and sorority houses, and several cooperative student dormitories. There are several churches in the tract. Many of the houses are old and dilapidated, although there is a considerable number of small new homes near the western edge of the tract. Along Twenty-fourth Street near Shoal Creek there is a small Negro colony somewhat incongruously adjacent to several large fraternity and club houses, and surrounding a group of new apartment houses. A large per· centage of the University students live in Tract 6. Tract 7, lying between the University and the State Capitol, is an area of apartment and rooming houses. In addition to students from the University, many employees of State institutions and of down-town businesses live here. The western limits of the tract include some homes of high-income families, while on the east the Negro area encroaches on the tract. There is a Mexican section along Red River Street. Lavaca Street, between the Capitol and the University, is lined with small business establishments. Tract 8 is the principal Negro area of the city. It is a tract of shanties and dilapidated, unpainted houses, interspersed with small retail businesses. The streets are narrow and for the most part unpaved. Here is one of the city's worst slum areas, a place of high disease and death rate, and of much juvenile delinquency. A small Negro college is located within the tract. Tract 9 is perhaps the most heterogeneous area of the city. In the northern portion, the Negro colony in Tract 8 extends to overlap with the largest Mexican colonies. Interspersed among the Negro and Mexican homes are several isolated areas of white homes, residences of families of the unskilled labor class. To the south, the Negro homes disappear, and Mexican homes predominate. Still farther south, these too disappear, and along the southern boundary of the tract-East First Street-white homes are in the majority. The tract is split from east to west by an area of com· mercial and industrial establishments extending along East Sixth Street. A Negro college is located in this tract also. Tract 10, extending from East First Street to the Colorado River, is an area of low-income houses, belonging to white families of the unskilled and semi-skilled classes. No Negroes live in this area. Tract 11, extending south from the State Capitol, contains the commercial and financial center of the city. Congress Avenue is the principal thoroughfare north and south, while Sixth Street is the main east-west business street. The intersection of these two streets may thus be identified as the focal point of the city, from which the retail shopping district extends in the shape of a cross. Sur­rounding the central business area in this tract are areas of old family residences, many of them reflecting the wealth and distinc­tion of an earlier day, but now in the process of invasion from the central business district. In the southern portion of the tract, sur­rounding the two railroad stations and approaching the river, is an area devoted to wholesale warehouses and industries. This sec­tion is also marked by a colony of Mexican families, comprising one of the slum areas of the city. Tract 12, directly to the west of the business area and lying beyond the transitional zone, is characterized by moderate-income homes. There is also a small Negro settlement in this tract, located at the end of West Eleventh and West Twelfth Streets. This tract has been considerably developed within recent years. Tracts 13 and 14, situated on the southern bank of the river, make up the residential area known as South Austin. In 1930 Tract 13 was not heavily populated; it was and still is an area of predominantly low-income homes. It contains a Negro settlement of some size. Barton Springs, a public swimming pool, and Zilker Park, a municipal park, are located in Tract 13, and attract large numbers of Austin people during the summer months. Tract 14 is an area of moderate-income, workingmen's homes, containing few Negro and Mexican families. Along South Congress Avenue, which divides Tracts 13 and 14, a community shopping center has devel­oped. Toward the outskirts of the city, along the highway to San Antonio, the grocery stores, markets, and drug stores give way to tourist camps, dine-and-dance places and cheap beer taverns. With this brief characterization of the census tracts of Austin in mind, an analysis of the patterns of population mobility during the period here considered may be attempted. THE DIRECTORY POPULATION OF AUSTIN, 1929 AND 1931 The total directory population of Austin was 33,482 in 1929, and 36,544 in 1931. These figures included persons within the city limits; the directory entries showing residence outside the city limits, and a small number of entries for which no address was shown, were excluded. Resident students of The University of Texas were included; non-resident students were omitted. The increase in directory population between 1929 and 1931 was 3,062 or 9.14 per cent. The directory population in 1929 was distributed compositionally as follows: 76.91 per cent of the total population were white; 17.09 per cent were Negro; and 5.99 per cent were Mexican. In 1931, the distribution remained practically the same: 76.57 per cent white, 16.85 per cent Negro, and 6.57 per cent Mexican. It will be noted that the proportion of Negroes in the population decreased slightly, while the proportion of Mexicans showed a slight increase. There appeared to be a few notable changes in the composition of the population of individual tracts during the period. Tract 8, which had the highest percentage of Negroes in the population both years, showed a slight increase in the percentage of Negroes-from 79.52 per cent in 1929 to 80.64 per cent in 1931. Tract 9, which had a high proportion of Negroes in both years, showed a decrease in the proportion of Negro population-from 35.79 per cent in 1929 to 33.39 per cent in 1931. Tracts 4 and 13, also with con­siderable proportions of Negroes, both showed slight decreases in percentages of Negroes in the population. As indicated in Table IX, however, all of these tracts had a net increase in Negro population, with the exception of Tract 4, which showed a net decrease of less than one per cent. The Mexican population of Austin was not as highly concentrated in 1929 and 1931 as was the Negro population, at least, Mexicans did not form as large a proportion of the population of any tract as the Negroes formed in the predominantly Negro areas. This might be ascribed to the theory that Mexicans are more generally accepted, and experience less pressure for residential segregation than do the Negroes. Examination of Tables III and IV, however, indicate that the real reason lies in the lower proportion of Mexicans in the total population. Actually, the Mexican population of Austin is rather strictly segregated within Tracts 9, 10, and 11, although they share these areas with white families to a greater extent than the Negroes share the areas in which they are concentrated. It should be pointed out that Tract 9, one of the principal Negro areas, is also a tract of heavy Mexican residence; it appears that in this tract Mexicans are slowly displacing both Negroes and whites. All three of the principal Mexican tracts had a net increase in Mexican population, ranging from 0.54 per cent in Tract 11 to 36.62 per cent in Tract 9. The Mexican population for the city as a whole increased 19.79 per cent from 1929 to 1931. Table VIII presents the change in Mexican population by tracts for the period. As shown in Table VI, all tracts experienced a net increase in population for the period 1929 to 1931. Population increases ranged from 2.33 per cent in Tract 11 to 15.07 per cent in Tract 10, with an average increase for the entire city of 9.14 per cent. MOVEMENT INTO AUSTIN, 1929-1931 Of the total directory population of 36,544 in 1931, 12,003 persons, or 32.84 per cent of the total population, did not appear in the 1929 directory. These individuals may be accounted for in three ways; some were possibly in the city in 1929, but were missed by the directory enumerator. Others were persons who became 18 years of age between 1929 and 1931-the directory does not list persons under 18. The majority is made up of persons who moved into Austin between 1929 and 1931. Inasmuch as this gross gain cannot expediently be broken down into its component parts, for the sake of convenience it will be referred to as movement into the city. Considered in terms of race, the number moving into Austin was divided as follows: whites, a gross gain of 30.26 per cent; Mexi­cans, a gross gain of 54.55 per cent; and Negroes, a gross gain of 36.08 per cent. In terms of areal distribution, the movement into Austin followed a rather consistent pattern. Tract 12, with 24.16 per cent moving in, showed the smallest gross gain while Tract 9, with 39.93 per cent showed the largest gain. Table X gives the distribution of the movement into Austin by tracts. It is interesting to note that Tracts 8, 9, 10, and 11, which have been seen to contain the largest Negro and Mexican colonies, showed the highest per­centage of new persons. Tables XI, XII, and XIII show movement into the city by race and area. When movement into Austin during this period is broken down by occupational classes, the largest category is found to be those persons reporting no employment. This class includes, besides un­employed persons, housewives and persons who were actually em­ployed but who failed to report employment to the directory enumerator. Of those persons who reported employment, the highest percentage of incoming individuals belonged to the un­skilled labor class, while the class of proprietors and managers represented the smallest percentaage. Edwards' Classification of socio-economic groups was used in this analysis, and it appears from Table XIV that in general the trend of movement into the city is inversely correlated with position on the socio-economic scale. It should be noted that the total of occupational classes does not coincide with the total directory population, since students of The University of Texas are not included. Tables XV through XXI show movement into Austin, 1929 to 1931, for each occupational class and for persons reporting no occupation, broken down by tracts. The occupational class show­ing the greatest percentage of new persons between 1929 and 1931 was, as might be expected, the unskilled labor group. This bears out the generally accepted theory that persons in the lower economic groups tend to be more mobile than members of higher economic groups, although the fluidity of the higher economic groups may be greater. The group of individuals reporting no occupation (Table XXI) comprised the largest socio-economic classification examined. To a large extent, the exaggerated proportions of this group may be explained by the fact that it includes many housewives, who would not be expected to report an occupation. The fact that the tracts lying around the center of the city (Tracts 7, 8, 9, 10, and 13) show high percentages of persons reporting no occupation suggests that a good many of these persons reside in transitional areas, and are subject to the pathological conditions usually ascribed to such areas. Tract 9 is an area of predominantly Negro residents, and shows the highest percentage of unoccupied persons. Tract 11, with the second highest percentage, is the commercial and industrial center of the city. MOVEMENT OUT OF AUSTIN, 1929-1931 While new persons appearing in the 1931 directory represented an increase of 32.84 per cent over the 1929 directory population, a counter movement of persons out of the city accounted for 25.05 per cent of the 1929 directory population. This figure was ob­tained by taking the number of entries which occurred in the 1929 directory but which did not appear in the 1931 directory, and subtracting from it the number of persons who died between 1929 and 1931. The resulting figure, 8,388, is assumed to be the num· her of persons moving out of the city during the period. It should be borne in mind that a few of these individuals actually re­mained in the city, but were missed by the directory enumerator in 1931. It is not likely, however, that the number of individuals thus missed in 1931 was great enough materially to affect the proportion of emigration. Table XXII presents the movement out of Austin, 1929-1931, by tracts and for the city as a whole. The number of deaths is based on data taken from death records in the city. As was true of movement into Austin, movement out of the city was heaviest among the Mexicans. This group showed 44.16 per cent moving out, as compared with 22.76 per cent for the whites, and 28.65 per cent for the Negroes. Tables XXIII, XXIV, and XXV present movement out of the city by race and area. When movement out of Austin is considered in terms of occupa· tional classes, a number of interesting points emerge. The class of proprietors and managers was most stable, and the unskilled labor group showed the greatest movement out. A comparison of Table XXVI with Table XIV reveals that this was also true of movement into the city. It is significant to note, however, that the group reporting no occupation had a greater net increase (10 per cent) than any other group. As might be supposed, the professional class showed the smallest net increase, although not the lowest degree of mobility. Tables XXVII through XXXIII give a detailed picture of move· ment out of the city by occupational class and area. INTER-TRACT MOBILITY, 1929-1931 Perhaps even more significant than movement into and movement out of the city, from the standpoint of city planning and public welfare, is the movement of population which takes place within the city over a period of time. Intra-city patterns of mobility tend to reflect rather accurately the influence of certain socio-economic forces; and these patterns may, under certain conditions at least, be taken as indicative of socially pathological phenomena within the areas involved. Thus it is generally accepted that a high ratio of mobility within an area characterized by a low level of living, indicates the disruptive effect of an inadequate economic base. On the other hand, the student generally expects to find the community of middle and upper economic class homes marked by a more stable population. It should not be inferred that a high correlation necessarily exists between socio-economic status and incidence of mobility; it can only be stated that such is usually the case. In the present study, intra-city mobility is considered on the basis of the number of persons who were listed in the city directory for both 1929 and 1931. Of these persons in the city both years the num­ber who resided in a different census tract in 1931 was obtained. This number was found to represent 19.18 per cent of the total per­sons in the city both years (Table XXXIV). It is interesting to note that the percentage of persons moving between tracts within the city was considerably less than the inter-city mobility as indicated by movement into and movement out of the city during the same period. Table XXXIV, containing data on persons leaving their 1929 tract of residence for other tracts in 1931, indicates that the range of percentages of persons moving out of the tract of 1929 residence is wide, from about 10 per cent in Tract 8, the predominantly Negro tract, to more than 25 per cent in Tract 11, the business district. Examination of Tables XXXIII, XXXIV, and XXXV, showing inter-tract mobility by race and area, further emphasizes the fact that the Negroes formed by far the most stable element in the city, from the point of view of inter-tract movement. This fact is explained, of course, by the strict segregation of Negroes within certain areas, as well as by their limited economic opportuni­ties. For the city as a whole, whites exhibited the greatest tendency toward inter-tract mobility, while the Mexicans were only slightly more mobile than the Negroes. When the inter-tract mobility of occupational classes is con­sidered, the usual correlation between low economic status and high degree of mobility is maintained. Thus, as shown in Table XXXVIII, professional people moved about less than any other occupational group within the city, although there was practically no difference between the inter-tract mobility of this group and the next, pro­prietors and managers. The semi-skilled labor group showed the greatest mobility within the city; this group was more mobile even than the unskilled labor group. Surprisingly enough, the group reporting no occupation was the most stable; only 16.7 per cent reported a different residence in 1931 from that in 1929. This group reported among the highest percentages moving into and out of the city during the period. Tables XXXIX through XLV present inter-tract mobility broken down by occupational class and area. Table XLVI is a composite table, showing the tracts of destination of all persons moving from one tract in 1929 to a different tract in 1931. TABLE I POPULATION DENSITY BY TRACTS, 1929 AND 1931 * Tract Area (Sq.Mi.) Population Persons Per Square Mile 1929 1931 1,364 1,567 1929 1931 208.5 239.6 1 6.54 2 2.50 1,518 1,699 607.2 679.6 3 3.27 2,441 2,685 746.4 821.l 4 1.45 1,297 1,449 894.4 999.3 5 0.50 1,227 1,351 2,454.0 2,702.0 6 0.98 3,173 3,311 3,237.7 3,378.5 7 0.66 3,516 3,836 5,327.2 5,812.1 8 1.23 3,275 3,616 2,662.6 2,939.8 9 1.69 3,723 4,279 2,202.9 2,531.9 10 1.05 1,984 2,283 1,889.5 2,174.2 11 1.05 4,503 4,608 4,288.5 4,388.5 12 1.08 2,847 3,012 2,636.1 2,788.8 13 5.32 1,511 1,621 284.0 304.6 14 1.82 1,103 1,227 606.0 674.2 Total 29.14 33,482 36,544 1,149.0 1,254.0 *Based on Directory populations, 1929 and 1931. TABLE II PoPUI.ATION OF CENSUS TRACTS BY NUMBER AND PER CENT OF TOTAL, 1929 AND 1931 Tract Population 1929 1931 1,567 l 1,364 2 1,518 1,699 3 2,441 2,685 4 1,297 1,449 5 1,227 1,351 6 3,173 3,311 7 3,516 3,836 8 3,275 3,616 9 3,723 4,279 10 1,984 2,283 11 4,503 4,608 12 2,847 3,012 13 1,511 1,621 14 1,103 1,227 Total 33,482 36,544 Per Cent of Total 1929 4.07 4.53 7.29 3.87 3.66 9.47 10.51 9.79 11.12 5.92 13.46 8.51 4.51 3.29 100.00 TABLE III RACIAL COMPOSITION OF POPULATION BY TRACTS, 1929 Negro White Tract Total Number Per Cent Number 1,364 1,255 1 92.00 100 1,518 2 1,494 98.41 22 2,441 2,421 3 99.18 11 1,297 951 4 73.32 333 1,214 l,227 12 5 98.94 3,173 3,000 94.54 160 6 3,516 7 3,163 89.96 270 3,275 642 2,599 8 19.60 3,723 1,517 40.74 1,335 9 1,984 1,862 10 93.85 0 4,503 3,493 11 77.57 273 2,847 2,548 89.49 12 255 l,511 1,188 78.62 13 265 1,103 1,004 14 91.02 89 33,482 25,752 Total 5,724 76.91 Per Cent 7.33 1.44 .45 25.67 .97 5.04 7.67 79.35 35.85 0.00 6.06 8.95 17.53 8.06 17.09 1931 4.29 4.65 7.35 3.96 3.69 9.06 10.50 9.89 11.72 6.25 12.62 8.24 4.43 3.35 100.00 Mexican Number 9 2 9 13 l 13 83 34 871 122 737 44 58 10 2,006 Per Cent .66 .13 .36 1.01 .08 .42 2.37 1.05 23.41 6.15 16.37 1.54 3.85 .92 5.99 TABLE IV RACIAL COMPOSITION OF POPULATION BY TRACTS, 1931 White Negro Tract Total Number Per Cent Number Per Cent 1 1,567 1,442 114 7.27 92.02 2 1,699 1,687 .58 99.29 10 3 2,685 2,674 99.59 10 .. 37 1,449 4 1,107 76.39 332 22.91 5 1,351 1,332 1.25 98.59 17 3,311 6 3,136 94.71 152 4.59 3,836 7 3,475 278 7.24 90.58 3,616 661 18.27 2,916 80.64 8 4,279 1,660 1,429 9 38.79 33.39 2,283 2,131 .04 10 93.34 1 4,608 3,593 274 5.94 77.97 11 3,012 2,693 265 8.79 12 89.40 1,621 1,268 13 78.22 266 16.40 1,227 1,124 94 7.66 14 91.60 27,983 6,158 16.85 Total 36,544 76.57 Mexican Number 11 2 1 10 2 23 83 39 1,190 151 741 54 87 9 2,403 Per Cent .70 .11 .03 .69 .14 .69 2.16 1.07 27.81 6.61 16.08 1.79 5.36 .73 6.57 TABLE V OccuPATIONAL CLASSES BY NUMBER AND PER CENT OF ToTAL, 1929 AND 1931 Number Per Cent of Total Occupational Clue Professional Proprietary --------­Clerical ----------­Skilled ----------------­ Semi-Skilled ------------­Unskilled -------------­ No Occupation -----­ Total ------------------­ 1929 1931 1929 1931 2,003 2,076 6.21 5.90 2,477 2,487 7.69 7.06 3,881 4,068 12.05 11.57 1,947 2,071 6.04 5.88 2,251 2,408 6.98 6.85 2,219 2,383 6.88 6.77 17,453 19,691 54.15 55.97 32,231* 35,184* 100.00 100.00 •Does not include etudent1 of The Univereity of Texae. The University of Texas Publication TABLE VI CHANGE IN PoPULAffION BY TRACTS, 1929 TO 1931 I Net Change In Directory Population 1929 and 1929 1931 1929 1931 Number Per Cent 1931 Tract Only Only ---­ --­ 1 1,047 317 520 1,364 1,567 203 14.88 2 1,152 366 547 1,518 1,699 181 11.92 3 1,995 446 690 2,441 2,685 244 9.99 4 996 301 453 1,297 1,449 152 11.71 5 1,010 217 341 1,227 1,351 124 10.10 6 2,271 902 1,040 3,173 3,311 138 4.34 7 2,471 1,045 1,365 3,516 3,836 320 9.10 8 2,373 902 1,243 3,275 3,616 341 10.41 9 2,570 1,153 1,709 3,723 4,279 556 14.93 10 1,532 452 751 1,984 2,283 299 15.07 11 2,938 1,565 1,670 4,503 4,608 105 2.33 12 2,284 563 728 2,847 3,012 165 5.79 13 1,060 451 561 1,511 1,621 110 7.27 14 842 261 385 1,103 1,227 124 11.24 Total 24,541 8,941 12,003 33,482 36,544 3,062 9.14 TABLE VII CHANGE IN WHITE POPULATION BY TRACTS, 1929 TO 1931 Population Change 1929 to 1931 Tract 1929 1931 Number Per Cent 1 1,255 1,442 187 14.90 2 1,494 1,687 193 12.91 3 2,421 2,674 253 10.45 4 951 1,107 156 16.40 5 1,214 1,332 118 9.71 6 3,000 3,136 136 4.53 7 3,163 3,475 312 9.86 8 642 661 19 2.96 9 1,517 1,660 143 9.43 10 1,862 2,131 269 14.45 11 3,493 3,593 100 2.86 12 2,548 2,693 145 5.69 13 1,188 1,268 80 6.73 14 1,004 1,124 120 11.95 Total 25,752 27,983 2,231 8.66 TABLE VIII CHANGE IN NEGRO POPULATION BY TRACTS, 1929 TO 1931 Population Change 1929 to 1931 Tract 1929 1931 Number 1 114 14 100 -54.54 -12 2 22 10 -1 -9.09 3 11 10 -1 4 333 332 5 5 12 17 -8 160 152 6 7 270 278 8 8 2,599 2,916 317 1,335 9 1,429 94 10 0 1 1 11 273 274 1 265 12 255 10 13 265 266 1 94 5 14 89 6,158 434 Total 5,724 Per Cent 14.00 -.30 41.66 -5.00 2.96 12.19 7.04 .36 3.92 .37 5.61 7.58 TABLE IX CHANGE IN MEXICAN POPULATION BY TRACTS, 1929 TO 1931 Tract Popul ation Change 19Number 29 to 1931 Per Cent 1929 1931 ----­ 1 9 11 2 22.22 2 2 2 0 0.00 3 9 1 -8 -88.88 4 13 10 --3 -23.07 5 1 2 1 100.00 6 13 23 10 76.92 7 83 83 0 0.00 8 34 39 5 14.70 9 871 1,190 319 36.62 10 122 151 29 23.77 11 737 741 4 .54 12 44 54 10 22.72 13 58 87 29 50.00 14 10 9 -1 -10.00 Total 2,006 2,403 397 19.79 TABLE X l\foVEMENT INTO AUSTIN BY TRACTS, 1929 TO 1931 Tract 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Total Directory Population 1931 Persons not in 1929 Directo~ Number Per Cent 1,567 520 33.18 1,699 547 32.19 2,685 690 25.69 1,449 453 31.26 1,351 341 25.24 3,311 1,040 31.41 3,836 1,365 35.58 3,616 1,243 34.37 4,279 1,709 39.93 2,283 751 32.89 4,608 1,670 36.24 3,012 728 24.16 1,621 561 34.60 1,227 385 31.37 36,544 12,003 32.84 •Includes peraou becoming 18 years of age, 1929-31. TABLE XI MOVEMENT OF WHITES INTO AUSTIN BY TRACTS, 1929 TO 1931 Tract Directory Population 1931 Persons not in 1929 Director.,­ Number Per Cent 468 32.45 1 1,442 2 1,687 533 31.59 3 2,674 686 25.65 4 1,107 346 31.25 5 1,332 327 24.54 6 3,136 987 31.47 7 3,475 1,179 33.92 8 661 190 28.74 9 1,660 483 29.09 10 2,131 712 33.41 11 3,593 1,185 32.98 12 2,693 618 22.94 13 1,268 415 32.72 14 1,124 341 30.33 Total 27,983 8,470 30.26 •Includes persons becoming 18 years of age, 1929-31. Population Mobility in Austin, Texas T A BLE XII MOVEMENT OF MEXICANS INTO AUSTIN BY TRACTS, 1929 TO 1931 Tract Directory Population 1931 Persons not in 1929 Directory* Number Per Cent 45.45 1 11 5 2 2 0 0.00 3 1 1 100.00 4 10 2 20.00 5 2 1 50.00 6 23 16 69.56 7 83 49 59.03 8 39 18 46.15 9 1,190 710 59.66 10 151 64 42.38 11 741 362 48.85 12 54 26 48.14 13 87 55 63.21 14 9 2 22.22 Total 2,403 1,311 54.55 •Includea persons becoming 18 years of age, 1929-31. TABLE XIII MOVEMENT OF NEGROES INTO AUSTIN BY TRACTS, 1929 TO 1931 Directory Persons not in 1929 Directory* Population Tract Number 1931 Per Cent 1 51.75 114 59 2 20.00 10 2 3 10 4 40.00 4 104 31.32 332 52.94 5 17 9 56 36.84 6 152 7 278 125 44.96 1,042 2,916 35.73 8 35.61 1,429 509 9 1 10 1 100.00 115 41.97 11 274 81 30.56 12 265 77 28.94 13 266 38 40.42 14 94 2,222 Total 6,158 36.08 *Includes persons becoming 18 years of age, 1929-31. The University of Texas Publication TABLE XIV MOVEMENT INTO AUSTIN BY OCCUPATIONAL CLASSES, 1929 TO 1931 Occupational Class Professional Proprietary -------­Clerical ------­Skilled -------------­ Semi-Skilled Unskilled No Occupation Total ------------­ Directory Persons not in 1929 Directory Population 1931 Number 574 438 1,065 554 790 934 7,167 11,522• Per Cent 27.64 17.61 26.17 26.75 32.80 39.19 36.39 32.74° 2,076 2,487 4,068 2,071 2,408 2,383 19,691 35,184° •Does not include students of The University of Texas. TABLE XV MOVEMENT OF PROFESSIONAL WORKERS INTO AUSTIN BY TRACTS, 1929 TO 1931 Tract Directory Population 1931 Persons not in 192 9 Directory* Number 22 Per Cent 22.00 1 100 2 137 27 19.70 3 110 28 25.45 4 82 24 29.26 5 160 35 21.87 6 525 128 24.38 7 327 137 41.89 8 99 24 24.24 9 70 25 35.71 10 39 13 33.33 11 173 53 30.63 12 128 30 23.43 13 66 14 21.21 14 60 14 23.33 Total 2,076 574 27.64 *Includes persons becoming 18 years af age, 1929-1931. TABLE XVI MOVEMENT OF PROPRIETORS INTO AUSTIN BY TRACTS, 1929 TO 1931 Tract 1 Directory Population 1931 150 Persons not in 1929 Directory* Number Per Cent 29 19.33 2 111 13 11.71 3 229 35 15.28 4 84 11 13.09 5 133 23 17.29 6 244 51 20.90 7 273 65 23.80 8 118 22 18.64 9 186 28 15.05 10 118 19 16.10 11 408 83 20.34 12 246 22 8.94 13 74 15 20.27 14 113 22 19.46 Total 2,487 438 17.61 •Includes persons becoming 18 years af age, 1929-1931. TABLE XVII MOVEMENT OF CLERICAL WORKERS INTO AUSTIN BY TRACTS, 1929 TO 1931 Directory Persons not in 1929 Directory* Population Tract 1931 Number Per Cent 1 167 43 25.74 2 146 34 23.28 3 375 80 21.33 4 140 32 22.85 40 5 186 21.50 114 6 374 30.48 7 689 222 32.22 8 105 24 22.85 9 208 34 16.34 10 215 57 26.51 11 729 204 27.98 12 423 89 21.04 13 123 33 26.82 14 188 59 31.38 Total 4,068 1,065 26.17 •Includes persons becoming 18 years of age, 1929-1931. The University of Texas Publication TABLE XVIII MOVEMENT OF SKILLED WORKERS INTO AUSTIN BY TRACTS, 1929 TO 1931 Tract 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Total Directory Population 1931 Persons not in 1929 Directory* Number Per Cent 111 25 22.52 96 23 23.95 236 59 25.00 97 44 45.36 64 15 23.43 66 30 45.4.5 137 44 32.11 117 27 23.07 208 44 21.15 249 56 22.48 247 79 31.98 228 44 19.29 125 40 32.00 90 24 26.66 2,071 554 26.75 •Includes persons becoming 18 years of age, 1929-1931. TABLE XIX MOVEMENT OF SEMI-SKILLED WORKERS INTO AUSTIN BY TRACTS, 1929 TO 1931 Tract Directory Population 1931 Persons not in 1929 Directory* Number Per Cent 1 142 67 47.18 2 218 106 48.62 3 179 32 17.87 4 86 34 39.53 5 33 12 36.36 6 112 41 36.60 7 168 55 32.73 8 201 56 27.86 9 298 107 35.90 10 225 60 26.66 11 338 109 32.24 12 219 54 24.65 13 121 37 30.57 14 68 20 29.41 Total 2,408 790 32.80 •Includea persons becoming 18 years of age, 1929-1931. Population Mobility in Austin, Texas 39 TABLE XX MOVEMENT OF UNSKILLED WORKERS INTO AUSTIN BY TRACTS, 1929 TO 1931 Tract Directory Population 1931 Persons not in 1929 Directo~ Number Per Cent 63 53.84 1 117 2 115 54 46.95 3 93 32 34.40 4 110 38 34.54 5 39 21 53.84 6 118 61 51.69 7 153 72 47.05 8 575 223 38.78 9 366 107 29.23 10 101 41 4-0.59 11 277 114 41.15 12 142 48 33.80 13 135 44 32.59 14 42 16 38.09 Total 2,383 934 39.19 *Includes persons becoming 18 years of age, 1929-1931. TABLE XXI MOVEMENT OF PERSONS REPORTING NO OCCUPATION INTO AUSTIN BY TRACTS, 1929 TO 1931 Directory Persons not in 1929 Directory* Population Tract 1931 Number Per Cent 1 750 248 33.06 2 805 257 31.92 3 1,382 393 28.43 4 796 252 31.65 5 623 152 24.39 1,370 463 6 33.79 7 1,835 675 36.78 2,349 8 36.61 860 2,919 1,355 9 46.42 10 1,333 500 37.50 11 2,379 1,006 42.28 414 12 1,546 26.77 373 13 968 38.53 219 34.43 14 636 7,167 19,691 Total 36.39 *Includes persons becoming 18 years of age, 1929-1931. TABLE XXII MOVEMENT OUT OF AUSTIN BY TRACTS, 1929 TO 1931 Tract Directory Popu]ation 1929 Persons Not in Directory 1931 Persons Died 1929 to 1931 Persons Moved 1929 to 1931 Number Per Cent 1 1,364 317 16 301 22.06 2 1,518 366 18 348 22.92 3 2,441 446 38 408 16.71 4 1,297 301 19 282 21.74 5 1,227 217 22 195 15.89 6 3,173 902 36 866 27.29 7 3,516 1,045 69 976 27.76 8 3,275 902 82 820 25.04 9 3,723 1,153 69 1,084 29.12 10 1,984 452 25 427 21.52 11 4,503 1,565 72 1,493 33.15 12 2,847 563 53 510 17.91 13 1,511 451 19 432 28.59 14 1,103 261 15 246 22.30 Total 33,482 8,941 553 8,388 25.05 TABLE XXIII MOVEMENT OF WHITES OUT OF AUSTIN BY TRACTS, 1929 TO 1931 Tract 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Total Directory Population 1929 1,255 1,494 2,421 951 1,214 3,000 3,163 642 1,517 1,862 3,493 2,548 1,188 1,004 25,752 Persons Not in Directory 1931 269 352 432 191 213 832 879 164 347 417 1,093 476 349 225 6,239 Persons Died 1929 to 1931 12 18 36 14 22 30 64 8 20 23 60 45 13 12 377 Persons Moved 1929 to 1931 Number Per Cent 257 20.47 334 22.36 396 16.36 177 18.61 15.73 191 802 26.73 815 25.77 156 24.30 327 21.55 394 21.16 1,033 29.57 431 16.91 336 28.28 213 21.21 5,862 22.76 TABLE XXIV MOVEMENT OF MEXICANS OUT OF AUSTIN BY TRACTS, 1929 TO 1931 Tract 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Total Directory Population 1929 9 2 9 13 1 13 83 34 871 122 737 44 58 10 2,006 Persons Not in Directory 1931 3 0 9 5 0 6 49 13 391 35 358 16 26 3 914 Persons Died 1929 to 1931 Persons Moved 1929 to 1931 Number Per Cent 33.33 0 3 0 0 0.00 2 7 77.77 0 5 38.46 0 0 0.00 0 6 46.15 0 49 59.03 0 13 38.23 13 378 43.39 2 33 27.04 8 350 47.48 2 14 31.81 0 26 44.82 1 2 20.00 28 886 44.16 TABLE XXV MOVEMENTS OF NEGROES OUT OF AUSTIN BY TRACTS, 1929 TO 1931 Tract 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Total Directory PopuJation 1929 100 22 11 333 12 160 270 2,599 1,335 0 273 255 265 89 5,724 Persong Not in Directory 1931 45 14 5 105 4 64 117 725 415 0 114 71 76 33 1,788 Pr.rsons Died 1929 to 1931 4 0 0 5 0 6 5 74 36 0 4 6 6 2 148 Persons Moved 1929 to 1931 Number 41 14 5 100 4 58 112 651 379 0 110 65 70 31 1,640 Per Cent 41.00 63.63 45.45 30.03 33.33 36.25 41.48 25.04 28.38 0.00 40.29 25.49 26.41 34.83 28.65 TABLE XXVI MOVEMENT OUT OF AUSTIN BY 0cCUPATIONAL CLASSES, 1929 TO 1931 Occupational Class Professional Proprietary - Clerical Skilled Semi-Skilled Unskilled No Occupation Total Directory Population 1929 2,003 2,477 3,881 1,947 2,251 2,219 17,453 32,231° Persons Not in Directory 1931 SOl 428 878 430 633 770 4,959 8,599° Persons Persons Move d 1929 to 1931 Died 1929 to 1931 Number 482 Per Cent 24.06 19 44 384 1Ul6 31 847 21.82 30 400 20.54 32 601 26.69 34 736 33.16 360 4,599 26.34 550• 8,049° 24.97° *Does not include students of The Uoivenity of Texas. TABLE XXVII MOVEMENT OF PROFESSIONAL WORKERS OUT OF AusTIN BY TRACTS, 1929 TO 1931 Tract l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 IO 11 12 13 14 Total Directory Persons Not Persons Persons Moved 1929 to 1931 Population in Directory Died 1929 1931 1929 to 1931 Number Per Cent 92 14 15.21 0 14 126 16 0 16 12.69 107 25 l 24 22.42 75 17 1 16 21.33 147 22 4 18 12.24 539 142 1 141 26.15 288 98 5 93 32.29 103 28 1 27 26.21 68 23 0 23 33.82 31 5 l 4 12.90 170 so 0 so 29.41 123 25 2 23 18.69 71 19 l 18 25.35 63 17 2 15 23.80 2,003 501 19 482 24.06 TABLE XXVIII MOVEMENT OF PROPRIETORS OUT OF AUSTIN BY TRACTS, 1929 TO 1931 Tract 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Total Directory Penons Not Persons Persons Moved 1929 to 1931 Population in Directory Died I929 1931 1929 to 1931 Number Per Cent 136 15 1 14 10.29 116 18 3 15 12.93 219 25 5 20 9.13 83 10 0 10 12.04 121 11 4 7 5.78 229 36 1 35 15.28 256 48 5 43 16.79 117 21 4 17 14.52 186 28 3 25 13.44 121 22 0 22 18.18 451 126 8 118 26.16 260 36 7 29 11.15 74 15 1 14 18.91 108 17 2 15 13.88 2,477 428 44 384 15.50 TABLE XXIX MOVEMENT OF CLERICAL WORKERS OUT OF AUSTIN BY TRACTS, 1929 TO 1931 Directory Persona Not Persons Persons Moved 1929 to 1931 Population in Directory Died Number Per Cent Tract 1929 1931 1929 to 1931 31 20.00 1 155 31 0 15.15 20 0 2 132 20 14.04 49 349 5 3 54 20 15.50 1 4 129 21 20 12.04 0 20 5 166 25.49 90 3 353 93 6 26.19 170 12 649 7 182 21.35 22 0 22 103 8 48 21.42 2 224 50 9 29 15.50 0 187 29 10 28.14 6 208 739 214 11 74 18.09 1 409 75 12 32 26.22 0 32 122 13 34 20.73 1 14 164 35 847 21.82 31 3,881 878 Total TABLE XXX MOVEMENT OF SKILLED WORKERS OUT OF AUSTIN BY TRACTS, 1929 TO 1931 Tract 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Total Directory Population 1929 101 90 206 67 56 54 133 112 220 243 269 208 108 80 1,947 Persons Not in Directory 1931 Persons Died 1929 lo 1931 Persons Move d 1929 to 1931 Number 15 Per Cent 14.85 15 0 17 1 16 17.77 29 4 25 12.13 14 1 13 19.40 7 2 5 8.92 18 4 14 25.92 40 4 36 27.06 22 3 19 16.% 56 3 53 24.09 50 3 47 19.34 101 2 99 36.80 24 3 21 10.09 23 0 23 21.29 14 0 14 17.50 430 30 400 20.54 TABLE XXXI MOVEMENT OF SEMI-SKILLED WORKERS OUT OF AUSTIN BY TRACTS, 1929 TO 1931 Directory Persons Not Persons Persons Moved 1929 to 1931 Population in Directory Died Tract 1929 1931 1929 lo 1931 Number Per Cent 1 112 1 32.14 37 36 2 190 78 0 78 41.05 3 178 31 2 29 16.29 4 67 15 14 20.89 1 5 31 10 1 29.03 9 6 103 32 2 30 29.12 7 153 40 1 39 25.49 189 44 8 6 20.10 38 274 9 83 5 78 28.46 10 214 49 0 49 22.89 11 371 142 8 134 36.11 12 201 36 3 33 16.41 105 13 21 1 20 19.04 14 63 15 1 14 22.22 2,251 Total 633 32 601 26.69 Population Mobility in Austin, Texas 45 TABLE XXXII MOVEMENT OF UNSKILLED WORKERS OUT OF AUSTIN BY TRACTS, 1929 TO 1931 Tract 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Total Directory Population 1929 97 101 74 98 31 102 137 478 387 81 316 150 127 40 2,219 Persons Not in Directory 1931 43 40 13 26 13 45 56 126 128 21 153 56 36 14 770 Persons Persons Moved 1929 to 1931 Died 1929 to 1931 Number Per Cent 43 44.32 0 0 39.60 0 40 13 17.56 2 24.48 24 l 12 38.70 0 45 44.ll 1 55 40.14 14 112 23.43 8 120 31.00 1 20 24.69 3 47.46 3 150 53 35.33 0 36 28.34 1 13 32.50 34 736 33.16 TABLE XXXIII MOVEMENT OF PERSONS REPORTING NO OccUPATION OUT OF AUSTIN BY TRACTS, 1929 TO 1931 Directory Population Tract 1929 1 652 2 704 3 1,238 4 730 5 574 6 1,302 7 1,675 8 2,114 9 2,333 10 1,106 2,132 12 11 1,437 13 896 14 560 17,453Total Persons Not in Directory 1931 150 156 249 186 103 395 515 625 769 273 759 305 301 143 4,959 Persons Moved 1929 to 1931 Persons Died 1929 to 1931 14 14 21 13 10 25 38 54 47 20 45 34 16 8 360 Number Per Cent 20.85 136 20.17 142 18.41 228 173 23.69 16.20 93 28.41 370 28.47 477 27.01 571 30.94 722 22.87 253 33.48 714 18.85 271 285 31.80 135 24.10 4,599 26.34 TABLE XXXIV INTER-TRACT MOBILITY BY TRACTS, 1929 TO 1931 Tract 1 Total Remaining in Same Tract 845 Moving to Other Tracts 202 Per Cent Moving 19.29 1,047 2 1,152 920 232 20.13 3 1,995 1,651 344 17.24 4 996 818 178 17.87 5 1,010 835 175 17.32 6 2,271 1,843 428 18.84 7 2,471 1,922 549 22.21 8 2,373 2,136 237 9.98 9 2,570 2,094 476 18.52 10 1,532 1,215 317 20.69 11 2,938 2,193 745 25.35 12 2,284 1,847 437 19.13 13 1,060 877 183 17.26 14 842 637 205 24.34 Total 24,541 19,833 4,708 19.18 TABLE XXXV INTER-TRACT MOBILITY OF WHITES BY TRACTS, 1929 TO 1931 I Remaining in Moving to Per Cent Tract Total Same Tract Other Tracts Moving 1 974 793 181 18.58 2 1,154 908 246 21.31 3 1,988 1,639 349 17.56 4 761 607 154 20.24 5 1,005 831 174 17.31 6 2,149 1,732 417 19.40 7 2,296 1,814 482 20.99 8 471 376 95 20.16 9 1,177 879 298 25.31 10 1,419 1,131 288 20.29 11 2,408 1,772 636 26.41 12 2,075 1,653 422 20.33 13 853 673 180 21.10 14 783 590 193 24.64 Total 19,513 15,398 4,115 21.08 TABLE XXXVI INTER-TRACT MOBILITY OF MEXICANS BY TRACTS, 1929 TO 1931 Tract 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Total Total 6 2 8 1 7 34 21 480 87 379 28 32 7 1,092 Remaining in Same Tract 4 2 6 1 4 28 15 441 69 303 26 26 4 929 Moving to Other Tracts 2 0 2 0 3 6 6 39 18 76 2 6 3 163 Per Cent Moving 33.33 0.00 25.00 0.00 42.85 17.64 28.57 8.12 20.68 20.05 7.14 18.75 42.85 14.92 TABLE XXXVII INTER-TRACT MoBII.ITY OF NEGROES BY TRACTS, 1929 TO 1931 Remaining in Tract Total Same Tract 41 1 55 6 2 8 4 6 3 205 4 228 5 5 8 72 % 6 89 7 153 1,724 1,874 8 768 920 9 10 ---· 100 159 11 162 12 184 178 13 189 42 56 14 3,396 3,936 Total Moving to Per Cent Other Tracts Moving I 14 2 2 23 3 24 64 150 152 59 22 11 14 540 25.45 25.00 33.33 10.08 37.50 25.00 41.83 9.52 16.52 37.10 11.95 5.82 25.00 15.90 TABLE XXXVIII INTER-TRACT MOBILITY BY OCCUPATIONAL CLASSES, 1929 TO 1931 Occupational Clae.s Professional Proprietary -------­Clerical Skilled Semi-Skilled Unskilled No Occupation -Total Total 1,502 2,049 3,003 1,517 1,618 1,449 12,524 23,662* I Remaining in Same Tract 1,231 1,679 2,287 1,154 1,188 1,099 10,432 19,070* Moving to Other Tracts 271 370 716 363 430 350 2,092 4,592* Per Cent Moving 18.04 18.05 23.84 23.92 26.57 24.15 16.70 19.40* •Does not include students of The University of Te:zu. TABLE XXXIX INTER-TRACT MOBILITY OIF PROFESSIONAL WORKERS BY TRACTS, 1929 TO 1931 Remaining in Moving to Per Cent Tract Total Same Tract Other Tracts Moving 1 78 71 7 8.97 110 92 2 18 16.36 3 13 15.85 82 69 4 58 45 13 22.41 I 5 125 108 17 13.60 I 397 6 313 84 21.15 7 190 150 40 21.05 8 75 71 4 5.33 45 9 38 7 15.55 10 26 21 5 19.23 11 120 90 30 25.00 12 98 77 21 21.42 13 52 46 6 11.53 14 46 40 6 13.04 1,502 Total 1,231 271 18.04 TABLE XL INTER-TRACT MOBILITY OF PROPRIETORS BY TRACTS, 1929 TO 1931 Remaining in Per Cent Movin~ to Tract Total Same Tract Moving Other Tracts 1 121 101 16.52 20 2 98 17 17.34 81 3 194 169 25 12.88 4 73 67 6 8.21 5 110 91 19 17.27 6 193 157 36 18.65 7 208 171 37 17.78 8 96 10.41 86 10 9 158 131 27 17.08 10 82 99 17 17.17 11 247 325 78 24.00 12 224 180 44 19.64 13 44 59 15 25.42 14 91 72 19 20.87 Total 2,049 1,679 370 18.05 TABLE XLI INTER-TRACT MOBILITY OF CLERICAL WORKERS BY TRACTS, 1929 TO 1931 Remaining in Moving to Per Cent Tract Total Same Tract Other Tracts Moving 1 124 42 33.87 82 2 112 30 26.78 82 242 17.96 3 295 53 4 31 28.70 108 77 5 146 111 35 23.97 49 6 260 211 18.84 22.91 7 467 360 107 69 12 14.81 8 81 43 24.71 9 174 131 42 10 158 116 26.58 136 25.90 11 525 389 262 72 21.55 12 334 59 31 34.44 13 90 33 25.58 14 129 96 Total 3,003 2,287 716 23.84 TABLE XLII INTER-TRACT MOBII.ITY OF SKILLED WORKERS BY TRACTS, 1929 TO 1931 Tract Total Remaining in Same Tract Moving to Other Tracts Per Cent Moving - l 86 73 13 15.ll 2 73 59 14 19.17 3 177 139 38 21.46 4 53 40 13 24.52 5 49 36 13 26.53 6 36 26 10 27.77 7 93 63 30 32.25 8 90 78 12 13.33 9 164 ll7 47 28.65 10 193 149 44 22.79 11 168 112 56 33.33 12 184 146 38 20.65 13 85 67 18 21.17 14 66 49 17 25.75 Total 1,517 1,154 363 23.92 TABLE XLIII INTER-TRACT MOBILITY OF SEMI-SKll.LED WORKERS BY TRACTS, 1929 TO 1931 Tract 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Total Total 75 112 147 52 21 71 113 145 191 165 229 165 84 48 1,618 Remaining in Moving to Per Cent Same Tract Other Tracts Moving 49 34.66 26 84 28 25.00 47 100 31.97 39 13 25.00 18 14.28 3 59 12 16.90 72 41 36.28 113 32 22.06 151 40 20.94 ll9 46 27.87 158 71 31.00 134 31 18.78 67 17 20.23 25 23 47.91 1,188 430 26.57 TABLE XLIV INTER-TRACT MOBILITY OF UNSKILLED WORKERS BY TRACTS, 1929 TO 1931 Remaining in Tract Total Same Tract 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Total 54 61 61 72 18 57 81 352 259 60 163 94 91 26 1,449 42 45 46 51 11 43 52 310 194 47 103 66 73 16 1,099 TABLE XLV INTER-TRACT MOBILITY OF PERSONS REPORTING 1929 TO 1931 Moving to Other Tracts 12 16 15 21 7 14 29 42 65 13 60 28 18 10 350 Per Cent Moving 22.22 26.22 24.59 29.16 38.88 24.56 35.80 11.93 25.09 21.66 36.80 29.78 19.78 38.46 24.15 NO OCCUPATION BY TRACTS, Remaining in Moving to Tract Total Other Tracts Same Tract 1 502 416 86 444 104 2 548 151 3 989 838 78 4 544 466 397 74 5 471 137 6 907 770 949 211 7 1,160 1,364 125 1,489 8 258 1,564 1,306 9 673 160 10 833 321 1,373 1,052 11 932 200 1,132 12 91 504 595 13 321 96 14 417 2,092 10,432 Total 12,524 Per Cent Moving 17.13 18.97 15.26 14.33 15.71 15.10 18.18 8.39 16.49 19.20 23.37 17.66 15.29 23.02 16.70 TABLE XLVI INTER-TRACT MOBILITY IN AUSTIN, TEXAS, 1929 TO 1931 Trac t of Destination, 1931 Tract of Origin, 1929 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Total 2_/_3_ l 845 23 20 6 16 38 33 11 18 12 53 62 6 17 1,160 _ 16 920 52 18 14 51 32 4 10 28 23 31 6 3 1,208 15 64 1,651 15 32 35 31 9 28 35 28 34 6 7 1,990 4__s 6 _ __ ___ 6 4 16 9 22 23 11 27 41 818 13 10 16 835 25 28 59 1,843 20 43 88 29 3 10 29 2 16 5 13 9 19 22 45 10 14 31 13 2 8 7 8 8 1,020 1,067 2,173 1_/_ a_ 12 17 33 14 14 105 1,922 15 21 20 151 49 11 13 2,397 13 4 22 22 3 13 40 2,136 124 15 37 15 11 12 2,467 9 / 10 11 I 12 13 14 Total --­--­--­--­--­--­ 12 4 42 41 9 12 1,047 10 16 21 11 4 8 1,152 29 35 21 25 9 19 1,995 3 17 14 24 12 10 996 6 5 15 11 ---­· 18 1,010 8 8 29 21 4 29 2,271 35 24 102 52 21 28 2,471 105 13 15 6 10 7 2,373 2,094 88 91 24 12 13 2,570 72 1,215 42 17 23 26 1,532 122 67 2,193 90 35 53 2,938 19 26 81 1,847 20 45 2,284 18 20 17 15 877 50 1,060 13 21 38 25 33 637 842 2,546 1,559 2,721 2,209 1,069 955 24,541 Population Mobility in Austin, Texas 53 DENSITY OF POPULATION BY TRACTS 1929 "-... \ ................ I ... ._ ' .............. \ \ r--... \ \ I1 --.... \ ...~ ,... I I ........... .J ,I I 1........, I I I I I r.............. ....,,.JI I I I I I/ 0 I ,I .... \s \1:, \o '~ '~ '.... ....... ........ I I I <../" ,-' " ..,,...,,,"""'... PERSONS _,,'.,,,,.; ) _, <, D . L.ESS THAN" 10 00./ IlII1 1000 1999 I lj4' I I - I I "::J I CITY OF AUST! N, TEXAS --......") A.. 1' ',, I ~. .3000-.3999 18J '\ I SCALE.: I q,/ '--J t r.., 0 ; l ..... ( • 4000-4995> • .5000 AND OVER No. 1 DENSITY OF POPULATION BY TRACTS 1931 r-I ......_ I ,.. I I .........! I I I (..) I I ; I I r-........ r.J I -..._, I I I I/ ( 0 I I 1g \~ \~ \o \~ 8 ,, -­ ,, ........ 9 E. ISr Sr [ill] 1000-1999 I I CITY OF I § I 2000-2999 I AUSTIN, TE.XAS • I ~3000-3999 " SCALE: "-JI • 0"'--'l._-=..l__...;IMllE -4000-49gg .5000 ANO OVER No. 2 55 1929-1931 DISTRIBUTION OF MEXICANS r---.......... ' . ----­ \ <:J' \ QI \ r---\ ? I 1 --.... \ Q t._ '~ "' ..... ,.... I ' !Jf '­ I --.J QQ-__ t5 --........... I I -..... (...., © "--­---. I ............,.., I I I 1 I ,,.... __tvolf. I ...-....... r.J --!:!.~,. I I --.1 --...J I I I I 0 I I I I <2, \'O \"% \o '~~ '-.. ' ............ ( 13 DLESS THAN IlTIIll. -g ® I I CITY Of ~10 -IQ I I AUSTIN, TE.XAS • 20-2Q '\ I ~-J SCALE. o:.,__,_____,,..llE • .30 AND OVER No. 3 • 30 AND OVER No. 4 57 CHANGE IN POPULATION BY TRACTS 1929-19.31 No. 5 MOVEMENT OUT OF AUS TIN BY TRACTS 1929-1931 PERCENT ... - LESS 20 -24 v; CITY OF 25 -29 AUSTIN, TE.XAS 30 -34 SCALE.. 0 ; I IMilt 35 AND OVER No. 6 59 MOVEMENT INTO AUSTIN BY TRACTS 1929-1931 3 D [[JI] -24 20 CITY OF AUSTIN, TE.XAS ~25 -29 ~30 -34 SCALE.: 0 l { IMll.£ 35 AND OV E:R • No. 7 60 No. 8 61 INTER-TRACT MOVEMENT ' OUT, PROFESSIONAL PEOPLE 19.'29 -1931 ~ . ~....... f'I ......._ I ,.. I I .......J / (,,") I I I I I ~........ ,...J I ..._~ / : 0 I I I I g, "'\ \