No. 3824 June 22, 1938 CONSTITUTION AND RULES of The University Interscholastic League Bureau of Public School Extracurricular Activities Division of Extension PUBLISHED BY THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AUSTIN Publications of The University of Texas PUBLICATIONS COMMITTEE E. J. MATHEWS J. T. PATTERSON D. CONEY A. SCHAFFER B. M. HENDRIX B. SMITH A. C. WRIGHT General Publications J. T. PATTERSON R.H. GRIFFITH LOUISE BAREKMAN A. SCHAFFER FREDERIC DUNCALF G. W. STUMBERG FREDERICK EBY A. P. WINSTON Administrative Publications E. J. MATHEWS L. L. CLICK C. F. ARROWOOD C. D. SIMMONS E. C. H. BANTEL B. SMITH The University publishes bulletins four times a month, so numbered that the first two digits of the number show the year of issue and the last two the position in the yearly series. (For example, No. 3801 is the first bulletin of the year 1938.) These bulletins comprise the official publica­tions of the University, publications on humanistic and scientific subjects, and bulletins issued from time to time by various divisions of the University. The following bureaus and divisions distribute bulletins issued by them; communications concerning bulletins in these fields should be addressed to The University of Texas, Austin, Texas, care of the bureau or division issuing the bulletin: Bureau of Business Research, Bureau of Economic Geology, Bureau of Engineering Research, Bureau of Industrial Chemistry, Bureau of Public School Extracurricular Activities, and Division of Extension. Communications concerning all other publications of the University should be addressed to University Publications, The University of Texas, Austin. Additional copies of this publication may be procured from the Bureau of Public School Extracurricular Activities, The University of Texas, Austin, Texas, at 10 cents per copy THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS PRESS ...... No. 3824: June 22, 1938 CONSTITUTION AND RULES of The University Interscholastic League Bureau of Public School Extracurricular Activities Division of Extension PUBLISHED BY THE UNIVERSITY FOUR TIMES A MONTH AND ENTERED AS SECOND·CLASS MATTER AT THE POST OFFICE AT AUSTIN, TEXAS, UNDER THE ACT OF AUGUST 24, 1912 The benefits of education and of useful knowledge, generally diffused through a community, are euential to the preservation of a fr-govern­ment. Sam Houston Cultivated mind is tlae euardian genius of Democracy,and while guided and controlled by virtue, the noblest attribute of man. It is theonlydictator that freemen acknowledge, and the only security which freemen desire. Mirabeau B. Lamar COPYRIGHT, 1938 BY THE BOARD OF REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE CALENDAR ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4 INTRODUCTION -----------------------------------------------------------------------------5 CHANGES EFFECTIVE 1938-39___________________________________ _ __________________ 8 CONSTITUTION Fees ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------9 Officers --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------10 ~f~~ri~E!0~:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::=:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::~~:::: ii County, District, Regional, State Contests_ ______________________________ 23 All-round Championships -------------------------------------------------------------25 Expenses and Rebates __________________ _ ______ __ __________ ______ _ ______ _ _ ___ 28 Disputes --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------29 Suspension -------------------· --------------------------------------------------------------29 Annual Meeting --------------------------------------------------------------------------30 Amendments -------------------------------------------·--------------------------------------30 RULES IN LITERARY CONTESTS Debate ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------31 Declamation --------------------------------------------------------------------------------34 Extemporaneous Speech ---------------------------------------------------------------39 Ready Writers Contest._____________________ _ _______ _ _____________ _ _____ __ __________ 45 Spelling and Plain Writing·-----------------------------------------------------------47 Music Memory --------------------------------------------------------------------------------51 Choral Singing -------------------------------------------------------------------------------56 Picture Memory --------------------------------------------------------------------------------59 Number Sense ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------62 Three-R -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------64 One-Act Play ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------65 Typewriting --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------71 Shorthand ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------75 Story-Telling ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------78 Journalism ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------79 RULES IN ATHLETIC CONTESTS Football ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------82 Basketball ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------91 Tennis -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------93 Rural Pentathlon ------------------------------------------------------------------------------95 Volleyball -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------96 Junior Boys' Track and Field Meet._________________________________ _ __________ 96 Playground Baseball ------------------------------------------------------------------------97 Track and Field--------------------------------------------------------------------------------98 APPENDICES I. Writing Errors ------------------------------------------------------------------------102 II. Prizes in Final Contests.-------------------------------------------------------106 III. Official Interpretations ----------------------------------------------------------108 IV. Schedule-Making ----------------------------------------------------------------------117 V. Price List of Bulletins ----------------------------------------------------------120 INTERSCHOLASTIC LEAGUE CALENDAR 1938-1939 First Day of School.-See that fee has been paid and copy of Con­stitution and Rules is received. Important to keep membership receipt on file. September 15.-Last day for filing acceptance of Football Plan. September 24.-Last day for meeting of district Football Committee, to be called by Temporary Chairman. November 26.-Last day for certifying District Football Champions. January 15.-Last day for paying Membership and Basketball Fees. February 1.-Last day for filing acceptance of One-Act Play Plan. February 10 and 11.-County and City Basketball Tournaments. February 17 and 18.-District Basketball Tournaments. February 25.-Regional Basketball Tournaments. March 3 and 4.-State Basketball Tournament. March 10 and 11.-First week-end for County Meets. March 31 and April 1.-Last week-end for County Meets. April 7 and 8.-First week-end for District Meets. April 14 and 15.-Last week-end for District Meets. April 22.-Regional Meets (one day only). May 5 and 6.-State Meet. May 5 and 6.-Class B State Track and Field Meet, North Texas State Teachers College, Denton. INTRODUCTION What is now known as The University Interscholastic League was first organized in December, 1910, at the State Teachers' Meeting at Abilene. Each year since then it has been organized by a bureau of the Extension Division of The University of Texas. For the first year the League's activities were confined to debates among the high schools affiliated with the University. The following year contests in declamation were added and membership in the League was thrown open to all the schools of the State below college rank. Subsequently there were also added contests in spelling, essay writing, athletics, music memory, typewriting, art, 3-R contest, rural pentathlon, etc., until the present schedule of events was made up. The League is an "annual" rather than a "perennial," to use the words of botany. It is in the form of a service offered annually by the Bureau of Public School Extracurricular Activities, and naturally has a shifting membership from year to year. The membership, how­ever, has constantly increased for twenty-six years, growing from 28 schools in 1910 to 5,397 schools during the school year of 1937-38. This represents a large gain in percentage of schools over the few preceding years, since the records show that there are fewer and fewer schools in the State each year due to the great consolidation program which has been steadily gaining headway. This League is the most highly organized and has the largest mem­bership of any similar school organization in the United States. Its purpose is to organize and direct, through the medium of properly supervised and controlled contests, desirable school activities, and thereby assist in preparing pupils for citizenship. Competitions organized in a sensible way, surrounded with proper controls, have demonstrated their usefulness so often, have furnished so much inspiration to talented pupils in Texas for so many years, that we feel that the League organization should have the active cooperation of every school teacher in Texas, and that every school b Texas, no matter how small, should become an active member. Special attention is called to the following matters: 1. The rules published herein and citations to special circulars as well as notices in the "Official Notice" column of the Leaguer, are considered notice to all League members. Ignorance of the rules cannot be plead in extenuation of any violation of the same. lwmediately after tke closing dau for payment of fees each yeatr, we have many disappointed schools which have failed to make remit­tance within the time prescribed. They usually plead lack of notice. However, notice of the closing date has been published now for eight years, and no exceptions are made. We cannot consider these com-­plaints of lack of notice legitimate. It is best to see thab membership is paid at the first of the school-year, and if, after a reasonable time, you nclusion of the meet. ARTICLE VII Definitions SECTION 1. Higk Sckool.-A high school is one in which at least the time of two teachers, or the equivalent, is devoted to instruction above the seventh grade. (See Appendix Ill.) In a system of 12 grades this refers to instruction above the eighth grade. See, however, rule 30 of the Football Plan. SEC. 2. Rural. Sckool.-By the term "rural school," wherever used in the Constitution and Rules of the League, is meant a school with not more than four teachers and one which cannot qualify as a "high school" under Section 1, above. The number of teachers at the time the school joins the League determines the classification under this rule. (See Appendix III, second paragraph under "Art. VII, Sec. 1.") SEC. 3. Class A High School.-A Class A high school is one whose total enrollment during the preceding year reached 120, or more, pupils (junior high schools excepted). Enrollment is determined by that given in Bulletin No. 372 of the State Department of Education. SEC. 4. Class B High Sckool.-All other high schools are Class B schools, including junior high schools, for which see Section 6 of this article. SEC. 5. Ward School or Gra1nmar Grades.-A ward school is one comprising any or all of the grammar grades (but no high school grade) housed in a building to itself. It pays a fee as a separate member of the League. Grammar grades, or any of them, housed in the same building with a high school (but not a junior high school, for which see definition below) enter the League on exactly the same basis as a ward school, paying a fee as a separate member of the League. (See Appendix III.) SEC. 6. Junior High School.-A junior high school is a unit in a school system organized as a junior high, whether or not it occu­pies a building to itself, and competes in Class B. (See Appendix III.) SEC. 7. Double-Unit School.-If a school, even though it is a school in a rural community, has two teachers or the equivalent in time devoted to instruction above the seventh grade, it is a high school. If the grammar grades are housed in the same building with the high school grades it is a two-unit school. One unit is composed of the pupils in the eighth grade and higher, and the other unit is made up of the pupils in the seventh grade and lower. A two-unit school should be considered, for competitive purposes, the same as two separate schools located in different parts of the county. A pupil in one unit is not eligible to represent the other unit in any contest, and a composite team is not allowed. Points won by a pupil or a team count for the unit respectively represented. For exception, see Art. X, Sec. 9. In cases where the eighth grade, not a part of a junior high school, is housed with grammar grades on the same campus with the high school and attend class or classes in the high-school building, such pupils are a part of the high school and compete as a part of the high school on the same terms as if the eighth grade were housed in the high-school building. SEC. 8. Conference A (applies only in football).-A high school enrolling the preceding year 500, or more, is a Conference A school. SEC. 9. Conference B (applies only in football) .-A high school enrolling the preceding year less than 500 is a Conference B school. SEC. 10. Conference C (applies only in football).-A high school enrolling the preceding year less than 150 is a Conference C school. (See Rule 3-C Football Plan.) NOTICE.-Effective 1939, basis of classification in Secs. 8, 9, and 10, above, will be changed, as follows: Conference AA (applies only in football).-A high school enroll­ ing the preceding year 500 or more, is a Conference AA school. Schools with an enrollment of 450-499 may be admitted to a Conference AA district by a favorable vote of three-fourths of the members of the district. Conference A (applies only in football).-A high school enroll­ ing the preceding year less than 500 and more than 200 is a Con· ference A school. Schools with an enrollment of 150-199 may be admitted to a Conference A district by a favorable vote of three­fourths of the members of that district. Conference B (applies only in football).-A high school enroll­ing the preceding year less than 200 is a Conference B school. Schools with an enrollment of 75-100 may be admitted to a Con­ference B district by a favorable vote of three-fourths of the mem­bers of that district. SEC. 11. Advance Classification Option.-Certain member-schools may, by notice at least 14 days in advance of the county meet ad­dressed to the Director General, secure advanced classification; i.e., a rural school may enter Class B, and any Class B high school may enter Class A. This option is not given Ward Schools or Grammar Grades. SEC. 12. Higher Cla811 ScJwol.-A "higher class" school may be (a) a school with tiftun or more a""dited units, (b) a school with as many as three units more than the school formerly attended, provided the latter school has less than fifteen accredited units.* This applies in each and every contest regularly scheduled herein. SEC. 13. Junior and Senior Divisio7!8.-Pupils under fifteent and ten or over ten years of age on the first day of the preceding Sep­tember shall be eligible to junior contests; pupils fifteen or over and under nineteen are eligible to the senior division. (See Appendix III, "Art. VII, Sec. 13.") SEC. 14. Composite Team.-A composite team is one the members of which are made up from different school units. No composite teams are permitted to compete in Interscholastic League contests. SEC. 15. College.-A "college" is any institution offering work above that of a regular high school, as determined by the latest cata­logue or course of study of the institution under consideration. SEC. 16. Event.-An "event" is a part of a contest. For illustra­tion: Track and Field is a contest made up of fourteen different events; Three-R is a contest composed of three events. SEC. 17. The Bureau of Public School Extra-Curricular Activities.­That part of the Extension Division of The University of Texas, which, in addition to other activities, serves as an organizing agency for the League. SEC. 18. The League.-The League is organized yearly and con­sists of those public schools (see Article III, Section 1) which accept the plan of competitions set forth in this Constitution and Rules by signing the "Application for Membership" form provided by the League and remitting the fee provided for in Article III, Section 2. SEC. 19. Meets.-A "meet" is the gathering together of pupils for the purpose of engaging in scheduled contests. A "local" meet is one in which participation is confined to pupils of an individual school •Of course, this term has no meanin2' unless it is used in comparing two schools. fin declamation contests, read "under fourteen." Pupils fourteen or over are seniors in declamation. and generally for the purpose of qualifying contestants for the next higher meet. A "sub-county" meet is one in which two or more schools participate for the purpose of qualifying contestants for the county meet. A "county" (or city) meet is one in which representa­tives of member-schools of a given county (or city) compete for de­ciding county (or city) championships and for qualifying pupils in certain contests for participation in the next higher meet. A "dis­trict" meet is one in which representatives from a group of county units compete for qualification to the next higher meet. A "regional" meet is one in which the representatives of a group of districts com­pete for qualification in the next higher meet. The "State" meet is the one in which regional winners compete for State championships in contests scheduled in Article IX, Section 4, of this Constitution and Rules. The "Class B State Track and Field Meet" is the one held at the North Texas State Teachers' College (Denton), for description of which see Article IX, Section 7. SEC. 20. City-County Unit.-A "city-county unit" is one organized under the provisions of Article VI, Section 5. SEC. 21. Credit.-A "credit" means a unit which the school counts toward graduation, not necessarily in subjects in which the school is accredited by the State Department of Education. SEC. 22. Semester.-A semester, in the meaning of Article VIII, Section 16, is one-half of the long session during which a pupil may earn independent credit for scholastic work. In the meaning employed in Article VIII, Section 17, a semester is an enrollment period of from three weeks to one-half of the long session. SEC. 23. Term.-The word "term" is used herein to designate the period between the opening and the closing of school, usually from September to May. It is synonymous with "session," or with "long session" in institutions which have a "summer session." SEC. 24. Tournament and Round-robin.-The word "tournament" is used herein in contradistinction to "round-robin." It implies that several teams are assembled in a given place at one time for an elim­ination contest. "Round-robin" is used to describe a series of contests, either at one time or scattered over several days or weeks or months, in which each team contests with every other team, and the winner is determined on a percentage basis. SEC. 25. Recruiting.-The term "recruiting" as used in rule 6 (e) of the Football Plan and in Rule 14 of basketball means offering any inducement, directly or indirectly to a football or basketball player to enroll in a given school. An inducement may be actual cash, remission of tuition, board or lodging, free transportation, a job for which remuneration is above that normally paid for such services, or other valuable consideration. SEC. 26. Enrollment.-In judging eligibility under Article VIII, Sections 16 and 17, a pupil's enrollment period in a given semester begins with the day of his enrollment and ceases with his last day of attendance. In rules of the League which use enrollment as a basis for determin­ing the number on a given team, count only those grades which will be eligible at the time of the county meet. Do not count pupils on total enrollment who will pass into an ineligible grade or graduate at mid-term. In classifying schools for competition in League contests enroll­ment is determined by that given in the current Bulletin No. 372 of the State Department of Education. ARTICLE VIII Eligibility Rules The following eligibility rules shall apply to every contest held under ·the auspices of this League. School principals and superin­tendents are charged with the responsibility of seeing that these rules are strictly observed in each and every contest in which their pupils engage. The "Official Notice" column in the Leaguer is considered sufficient notice to all member schools concerning interpretations of rules. SECTION 1. Age Limit.-No one shall take part in any contest in this League who, on the first day of the September preceding the con­test has reached or passed his or her nineteenth birthday. (See Appendix III, under "Art. VIII, Sec. 1.") (NOTICE.-Effective 1940, this rule will read: "No one shall take part in any contest in this League who, on the first day of September preceding the contest bas reached or passed bis EIGHTEENTH birthday.") SEC. 2. Undergraduates Only.-No one shall take part in any contest in this League who has been graduated from his school or other school of equal or higher rank, or who has sufficient credits to entitle him to a diploma, except: A contestant shall not be barred by this rule who has been graduated from a school of less than fifteen accredited units (as recorded in the current issue of Bulletin Number 372 published by the State Department of Education), and returns to take the advanced work in a high school having as many as three more accredited units; provided, that such pupil is an undergraduate in the school to which he or she returns or to which he or she has been transferred. (Note, however, Section 13, of this article.) (See Appendix III, under "Art. VIII, Sec. 2.") SEC. 3. Scholarship Requirement.-No one shall take part in any contest in this League who, at the time of the contest, is not passing, since the beginning of the semester or term, in at least three half unit credit courses (for which the contestant has no credit), to the date seven days prior to the contest. Provided, that a pupil in a grade below the high school shall be considered as fulfilling the scholarship requirement if he is passing in three--fourths of the work offered aa a normal student-load, and provided further, that in a school not offering a total of 720 minutes of recitation work per week a pupil may satisfy the scholarship requirement if he is taking the regular amount of recitation work for that school and is passing in three­fourths of such work. (See Appendix III, under "Art. VIII, Sec. 3.") SEC. 4. College Contestants Barred.-No one shall take part in any contest in this League who, either as a substitute or as a regular, ever represented a college in any contest; or, who has ever attended a college as a regular student, "regular college student" meaning a student who has ever enrolled for as much as one college course. SEC. 5. Day Students Only.-The studies required in these rules shall be taken during the day session of school. SEC. 6. Attendance.-No one shall take part in any contest in this League who, at the time of the contest, has not been a bona fide regular attendant at the school represented for thirty calendar days immediately preceding the contest, or since the first day of the second week of the current school year; i.e., a pupil who enrolls after the first day of the second week is not eligible for thirty calendar days. (For attendance in city systems, see Article III; Sec. 4; also see Appendix III, under "Art. VIII, Sec. 6.") SEC. 7. Four-Year Rule.-No one shall take part in any athletic contest in this League who has represented his school in any athletic contest, or contests, for four years. Participation prior to promo­tion to the eighth grade shall not count on the maximum of four years allowed under this rule. In a system of 12 grades this refers to participation prior to promotion to the ninth grade, except in foot­ball, for which, see Rule 30, Football Plan. (See Appendix III, under "Art. VIII, Sec. 7.") (NOTICE.-Effective 1940, thia aection will be omitted.) SEC. 8. Amateurs Only.-No one shall take part in any athletic contest in this League who has ever received money, or other valu­able consideration for teaching, officiating, or participating in any form of athletics, sports, or games, or who in any game outside of games played as a member of his school team or the Interscholastic League has, within the last twelve months, competed on a team with a paid player or contestant. This rule docs not apply to pupils who were under 15 years of age at the time payment for athletic services was made; neither shall it prohibit the acceptance of rebates on rail­road fare in interscholastic contests fostered by institutions of higher education. (See Appendix III, under "Art. VIII, Sec. 8.") SEC. 9. Playing Uruler Assumed Name.-No one shall participate in any contest of the League, who has ever contested under all assumed name in any contest, (1) conducted ,under the auspices of the Int.erscholastic League, or, (2) in which participation would affect his eligibility for cont.ests conducted under the auspices of the League. SEC. 10. Certificate of Eligibility.-Before each game or cont.est in this League, each school shall file with the director in charge and upon demand shall furnish to the manager of an opposing t.eam, a list of the contestants representing that school with the eligibility of such contestants certified to by the principal or superintendent. SEC. 11. State Win?ters Barred.-The winner of the State cham­pionship (that is, first place) in debate (or member of the winning team), declamation, or extemporaneous speech, shall not be eligible again in the cont.ests in which the championship was won; and con­testants awarded 100 per cent certificates in spelling are also dis­ qualified from further competition in that class and division in spelling and winners of 100 per cent music memory pins awarded from the State Office of the League are disqualified from further competition in music memory. SEC. 12. Double Representation.-The same cont.estant shall not be eligible to represent his school in more than one of the public speak­ing contests in the same year, and participation in the one-act play cont.est shall be considered participation in a "public speaking event." SEC. 13. Changing Sckools.-A pupil changing schools is not eligible in League cont.ests whose parents (or guardian) reside out­side the school district, until he shall have been in attendance at the school or in the school system, to which he changes for one year imme­diately preceding the contest; provided, such pupil is not barred under this rule who (1) changes from a school district* having less than fifteen accredited units to the nearest school in good standing with the League having as many as three more, or to the school having fifteen or more accredited units located nearest his home or the nearest one in his county, as measured by the public road, (2) lives with his parents or guardian and elects to change to any higher class school within 15 miles of his home. (See Appendix III, under "Art. VIII, Sec. 3.") SEC. 14. One Year Rule.-A pupil who has represented a high school (other than his present school) or academy in either football or basket ball is ineligible in both of these sports for one year in a school to which he changes, except a pupil who changes from a school which he has attended for at least one year having less than fifteen accredited units to the nearest higher class school (see Article VII, Section 12) to his home, or the nearest in his county. (NOTICE.-Effective in 1939-40, a junior high school pupil who bu represented hi• high school in football or basketball is ineligible in both of these sports in a school system to which he changes until he has been in attendance for one year.) •"School district" as used in this rule means the district in which the parents of the pupil actually reside. A pupil living at home with his parents (or guardian) and qualify­ing under the "exception" clause above, is eligible under this rule in any higher class school within fifteen miles. This rule does not apply within a given school system or to a pupil who changes from one unaccredited school to another unaccredited school provided a corre­sponding change on the part of the parents has been made. A pupil changing from a training school conducted by a college to the local high school in which district his parents have lived at least one year, is not ineligible under this rule.* (See Appendix III, under "Art. VIII, Sec. 14.") SEC. 15. Teachers lneligible.-A person who is teaching whole or part time is ineligible for any League contest. SEC. 16. Passing Grade Preceding Semester.-No one shall take part in any contest in this League who did not attend school a major portion of the preceding semester and who did not completet at least three half units (see Article VII, Section 21) during the semester. A pupil who has been out of school a year or more is eligible under this r."ection if he attended school a major portion of the last semester that he was in school, and completed three half units. A rural, ward or grammar grade pupil in order to be eligible for participation in League contests must have attended a major portion of the semester or year and must have been regularly and uncondi­tionally promoted at the last promotion-period in the school attended. Such a pupil who has been out of school a year or more is eligible under this section if he was regularly and unconditionally promoted at the last promotion-period in the school year during which he last attended school. A pupil who has been promoted conditionally from the seventh grade to the high school may still be eligible under this rule if he passed the last semester in the seventh grade, three seventh­grade subjects. In rural schools not operating on a semester basis, a pupil may qualify under this section by making a passing grade in at least three-fourths of his work from the beginning of school until Febru­ary 1. (See Appendix III, under "Art. VIII, Sec. 16.") SEC. 17. Eight Semester Rule.-No pupil who has been in attend­ance in high school for eight semesters or more shall be eligible for participation in any Interscholastic League contest. (See Appendix III, under "Art. VIII, Sec. 17.") (NOTICE.-Effective 1940, this section will be omitted.) SEC. 18. Minimum Penalty.-The minimum penalty for using an ineligible contestant is forfeiture of the contest in which the ineligible contestant participated. •This section shall not operate to render pupils ineligible when the school repre­sented has been abandoned or discontinued. fScholastic work to be valid must be work for which the contestant does not already have credit. SEC. 19. (Effective in 1939.) Competitions outside League.-In all games or contests outside the League, and in so-called "non-conference" games, a League member shall abide by the rules and regulations of the League and be subject to the same penalties for infractions as if the contest or game was with another member of the League or as if the infraction were made in a regular "conference" game that decided League standing. ARTICLE IX Relations Between County, District, Regional, and State Contests SECTION 1. County and Sub-county Meets.-Contestants selected by member-schools are entitled to enter the sub-county, county or city-county meets in events listed in Article VI, Section 1, to which they are respectively eligible under these rules. SEC. 2. District Meets.-In the district meets, the following from each county or city-county unit are entitled to enter: First place winners in each of the divisions in debate. First place winners in declamation, juniors and seniors. First place winners in Ready Writers, Classes A, B, Rural and Ward. First place winners in Extemporaneous Speech. First place winners in One-Act Play. First place winners in Tennis, senior divisions. First, second, third and fourth place winners in Track and Field.• First, second and third place winners in Typewriting. First, second and third place winners in Shorthand. First place winners in Rural Pentathlon. First place winners in Three-R contest. Although the Director General is expected to exert every effort to notify all member-schools in the district of the date of the district meet, the principal or superintendent of each school having qualified representatives is responsible for ascertaining the date of the meet. SEC. 3. Regional Meets.-In the regional meets, the following from each district meet shall be entitled to enter: First place winners in each of the divisions in debate. First place winners in declamation, juniors and seniors. First place winners in Ready Writers, Classes A, B, and Rural. First place winners in Extemporaneous Speech. First place winners in One-Act Play. First place winners in Tennis, senior divisions. First, second, third and fourth place winners in Track and Field. First five places in Shorthand. First five places in Typewriting. -;wj'nners in Classes A and B in county meets qualify for district meets, but for district competitions Claaaea A and B are combined into one class, see para­ graph 2, page 97. Although the Director General is expected to exert every effort to notify all member-schools in the region of the date of the regional meet, the principal or superintendent of each school having qualified representatives is responsible for ascertaining the date of the meet. SEC. 4. State Meet.-In the State Meet, the following from re­gional meets shall be entitled to enter: First place winners in each of the divisions in debate. First place winners in declamation, senior divisions. First place winners in Ready Writers, Classes A, B and Rural. First place winners in Extemporaneous Speech. First place winners in One-Act Play. First place winners in Tennis, senior divisions. First four places in Track and Field. First three places in Shorthand. First three places in Typewriting. Journalism contestants qualified under Section 7 of Journalism rules. In addition to the above, the following are entitled to enter the State Meet, direct from district meets without competing in regional centers: a. First place winners in the Three-R contest. b. First place winners in Rural Pentathlon. SEC. 5. Reports.-The several directors of contests in a given meei shall make a duplicate list of contestants qualifying under his super­vision and give one copy to the Director General, and forward the other copy to the Director in charge of the same contest in the nerl higher meet. The Director General at the close of a given meet shall compile a list from the reports so furnished him, and forward to the Director General of the next higher meet. SEC. 6. Entries.-The superintendent or principal of a school win. ning representation to the next higher meet shall send immediately to the Director in charge of the contest in which qualification is made an entry-list in due form giving the name of the school, the name of the contest, and the name of the contestant with certification of eligibility. SEC. 7. State Meet in Track and Field for Class B Schools.-First and second place track and field contestants, from Class B schools in county meets, are eligible for entry in the Track and Field Meet for Class B Schools held at the North Texas State Teachers' College, Denton, on the dates listed in the calendar. Entries must be mailed to Athletic Director, North Texas State Teachers' College, Denton, at least ten days before the meet. SEC. 8. Substitutions.-In case a contestant qualifying in a meet finds that he will be unable to attend the next higher meet, it shall be his duty to so notify his principal or superintendent, whose duty, in turn, it shall be to notify the next place winner in the cont.est (except in track or field), who shall become eligible to represent his county, district, or region, as the case may be. No substitution is allowable in individual contests (Exception: In tennis singles for girls), but local school authorities may make a substitution to fill a vacancy on a team, as in t.ennis doubles, debat.e, or track and field. SEC. 9. Eligibility to Rebate.-Those att.ending the Stat.e Meet en­titled to rebat.e on transportation expense are as follows: (1) All winners enumerated in Section 4 of this Article except third and fourth places in Track and Field,* and fourth and fifth places in Shorthand. (2) The Director General in each District and Regional cent.er. (3) A faculty representative for each school qualifying con­t.estants entitled to rebat.e, and in case a mixed delegation of boys and girls, two faculty representatives, a man teacher for boys and a woman t.eacher for girls. ( 4) County Superint.endents of Public Instruction. (5) First place winners in 3-R and Rural Pentathlon in district meets. SEC. 10. Lodging.-The Stat.e Executive Committee will undertake to provide lodging for all contestants and faculty representatives, as specified in this article, at the final meeting of the League. The large number of contestants and faculty representatives proper renders it impossible to furnish lodging to parents, visitors, and those specified in Sec. 9, (2) and (4). ARTICLE X All-round Championship* SECTION 1. All-round Championships.-There shall be five all­round championships awarded at the County Meet, one each in the following classes: 1. Class A High School 4. Ward (or grammar grades):J: 2. Class B High School 5. 9-grade (conditional, see 3. Rural Schoolt Sec. 9) SEC. 2. Points by Default.-Points taken by default count towards all-round championship. (See Appendix III.) *Contestants in track and field not entered in accordance with Rule 11, page 99, are not entitled to rebate nor to free lodgings during the State Meet. Note also tbat substitutes, or alternates, on teams are not entitled to rebate or free lodging. •see Appendix III. tin counties in which as many as four rural ·schools are entered teaching no more than seven grades, the county la authorized to constitute a separate class for sucb in all contests for awarding all-round championship, under same terms and conditions prescribed for 9-grade championship in Sec. 9 of this article. lPoints made by contestants in itrades below the high school cannot be counted for the hi11:h school, although the grades m&-¥ be housed in the high school building. SEC. 3. Schedule of Pointa.-The championship in each class shall be awarded t.o the school which wins the highest number of points over the other schools competing in its class, and at the same time satisfies the requirement of Section 7 of this article. In determining the county all-round championships, the points shall be awarded on the following basis, to-wit: Runner- Third Contest Winner Up Place Arithmetic 16 10 6 Choral Singing Debate 20 20 16 16 10 6 Declamation 7 6 2 Extemporaneous Speech High School Track and Field Junior Boys Track and Field Junior Playground Ball ldusic ldemoryPicture MemoryReady Writers Rural Pentathlon 16 20 16 16 16 16 16 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 2 Three-R 10 6 2 Spelling _ Story TellingTennis Senior Doubles_ 16 10 10 10 6 6 8 8 Tennis Senior Singles Tennis Junior Doubles 6 6 a 8 Tennis Junior Singles Volley Ball for Girls 3 16 2 10 6 SEC. 4. Computing Rural School Points.-The points made by any Rural School competing in Class B Track and Field are counted towards all-round championship for rural schools in the following manner: The rural school scoring the highest number of points in the contest receives first place points as listed in the schedule, and so on. (See Appendix III, under "Art. X, Sec. 4.") SEC. 5. Allocation of Points.-In computing points towards all­round championship, points as above scheduled are awarded in each. class or division. For illustration: The first place winner in Ready Writers is listed above as receiving fifteen points. This means that the winner of first place in eack class in Ready Writers is awarded fifteen points, and so on with regard to each contest listed, and each place, as per schedule. Again: In computing points in Junior Track and Field, note that first place is awarded fifteen points. In case this contest is conducted by classes, first in each class is awarded fif­teen points, and second and third places are awarded 10 and 5 points, respectively, in each class. (See Appendix III.) SEC. 6. No Points for Last Place.-In no contest or event (except in rural pentathlon) shall second, third, or fourth place be counted if it is last place, as determined by actual participation in the contest. In case there are three entries in debate (for illustration) and one team defeats each of the others, the losers must be matched to determine second place, and this principle bolds in any tournament. If a school participates in the drawing it shall be considered "actual participa­tion" in the contest. In spelling, music memory, and other contests in which there is no "draw," "actual participation" occurs when the contestant turns in bis paper. SEC. 7. All-round Championship Requirement.-No school shall be eligible to the all-round championship that does not place in at least three different contests of those above enumerated and in both ath­letic and non-athletic contests.* SEC. 8. Division of Points Among Schools Tied.-In case two schools are tied. for first place, add first and second place points, and divide the sum equally between the two schools.which are tied, award­ing no second place points, the school ranking next to the two schools tied receiving third place points; in case two schools are tied for second place, add second and third place points, and divide equally the sum between the two schools which are tied, and award no third place points; and so on. SEC. 9. Nine-grade Championship.-An all-round championship for 9-grade schools is offered on the following terms and conditions, to wit: 1. That at least four 9-grade schools in the county each having more than four teachers petition for such class and agree to compete for such championship; 2. That such class be called "Class C," for purposes of competition in the county meet; 3. That such 9-grade schools compete as a unit, that is, merging grammar grades and high school grades together, as is done in the rural class.t SEC. 10. Special Classification in County Meets;-If as many as four schools of a particular class (Class A, Class B, Rural or Ward) register for participation at the county meet, they shall compete in a class of their own except (a) if there are only two classes of schools entered one of which has only one school, the competition shall be conducted in one class; (b) if two or three classes have as many as four schools each entered and one class has only one school, the county athletic director has authority, subject to approval of the County Executive Committee, to place the single school in one •In track and field a achoo! has not "placed" unless it wins at least third place in the meet as determined by total points. tin these counties in which 9·11:rade achoo! all-round championship has been authorized, the county committee takes following basis for counting points : the 9-grade championship is based on the schelule of points appearing on page 26 of the Constitution and Rules. In all of those contests in which there is no qualification for the district meet the 9-grade schools compete as a separate division and. count their points toward all-round championship according to this schedule. In those contests, however, which qualify contestants from the county meet to the district meet it is necessary for the 9-11:rade school contestants to go in with the other schools, and they do not count points toward all-round championship unless the:v win place. For illustration: the 9-11:rade schools can have a separate division in volley ball, junior track, junior playground ball, choral singing, spelling, number sense, music memory, picture memory, story-telling, and junior tennis; because in none of these contests is there any qualification from the county to the district. In contests such as debate, declamation, extemporaneous speech, high school track and field, ready writers, senior tennis, the contestants from 9-grade schools must eompete w;th the other contestant&, because in these contests the winners in the county are permitted to go on to the district. It requires. therefore. the winnin11: of first, second or third place in one of these contests a1---------------------------------25934 .75 Golliwogg's Cake-Walk (Debussy) Moonlight (Debussy) March (Stravinsky>-----------------------------------------25886 .75 Valse (Stravinsky) Polka (Stravinsky) ALL GRADES OF RURAL SCHOOLS Victor List Record Price* Gondoliera (Di Capua) ---------------------------------------------22993 .75 The Harp that once thro' Tara's Halls-Irish Folk Song How lovely are the Messengers (Mendelssohn) Lullaby (Brahms) My Heart ever Faithful (Bach) Dancing School-Old American Dance Decca Record Barcarolle (June) (Tschaikowsky) _____ ____ ______ ___________20365 ___ .50 Autumn Song (October) (Tschaikowsky) Witch's Ride-Hiinsel and Gretel (Humperdinck) -·-----------------------------------------------25431 .75 Gingerbread Waltz-Hiinsel and Gretel (Humperdinck) Evening Prayer-Hiinsel and Gretel (Humperdinck) The Cuckoo (Daquin) _______ _ __ ___ _______ ________________ _______20615 .50 The Butterfly (Grieg) The Bees (Couperin) The Little White Donkey (lbert) INTERPRETATIONS AND SUGGESTIONS 1. Lists of records especially adapted to teaching the recognition of theme, type, and instrumental tone, suggestions concerning such teaching, and stories of many of the compositions to be studied will be found in the current Music Memory Bulletin, a reading book which every teacher and student preparing for the contest should have. See Appendix V for available bulletins. *Ten per cent discount from these prices will be given by the dealers to schools on cash and carry purchases, or on orders of $2.50 or more if cash accompanies order. 2. We shall have for distribution score-cards, and county direc­tors should advise the Director General at least three weeks in advance of the meet the probable number of score-sheets which will be necessary for conducting each contest. The score-sheets are rather complicated, and it will be absolutely necessary for pupils to be fa­miliarized with them before the county meet. For use in classroom and in local and sub-county meets, we are able to furnish the score­sheets at ten cents for 10; 35 cents for fifty copies; or 50 cents per hundred. 3. The Director of Music Memory should see to it that an audi­torium is provided for the Music Memory Contests, and that phono­graph with complete set of the memory selection records all in first­class condition are available. 4. The Music Memory contests call for circulation of a set of unfamiliar records to each county meet. Since there are 200 county meets, the purchase and circulation of these records is a large re­sponsibility and considerable expense. The League is undertaking this, but is compelled to require that each county committee become responsible for the safe return of the records furnished it. Hence, a deposit of $2 will be required of each county before the set of records will be furnished. Upon the return of the records to the State Office, the deposit will be returned. In case of damage or loss of the records, the League will retain a portion or all, as the case may be, of this deposit to replace the records. Please note that this concerns only the county meet, and the test on unfamiliar records at the meet. 5. The League is prepared to distribute from the State Office sets of "Sample Tests" with tests already made out and key for grading the same. About thirty different sets are available, which will give schools desiring this service records for thirty different test-dates. Each school subscribing to this service will be entitled to keep each set one week. Unless records are returned promptly sub­scription will be cancelled. Records for return shipment should be packed securely in container in which they are shipped from the League Office and postage prepaid. A fee of $2 is charged for post­age, packing, and other expenses. This is a "Sample Test Service" and orders for the same should so designate it. Please note that the League does not sell records. Subscription submitted after January 1 may be refused, if sub­scriptions already accepted have exhausted the supply so that prompt service cannot be guaranteed. This service will be discontinued Febru­ary 1st, i.e., no new subscription will be accepted after that date. RULES IN CHORAL SINGING This contest is undertaken in cooperation with the State Depart­ment of Education, and through the State Director of Music, Miss Nell Parmley, is articulated with the music program of the Department. The Rules follow: 1. Classes and Divisions.-There shall be two classes in this con­test, one for rural schools and one for Ward (or Grammar Grades). In each class there shall be two divisions: 1. Choirs of not more than 20 pupils; 2. Choirs of more than 20 pupils. Schools having as many as 60 pupils enrolled shall not be permitted to enter Division 1, but must compete, if at all, in Division 2. In case there is only one entry in a given division that entry shall be placed in another division for competition. No choir containing fewer than nine pupils exclusive of the Director shall be admitted to this contest. 2. Representation.-Each member-school shall be permitted to enter one choir in the county contest in its appropriate class and division. 3. Eligibuity.-All pupils entered in this contest shall be eligible under Article VIII of the Constitution. 4. Sources for Rural Division.-Record numbers in the list on page 58 refer to those of the Columbia Co., and page numbers refer to the State Adopted Text, "Our Music in Song and Story," by Robert Foresman, available for every pupil free of charge. The prescribed list for the current year follows: 5. Sources for Ward (or Gramma.r Grade) Division.-Speci&c rulea and lista. of songs in the Grammar Grade Division are published in a separate circular, copy of which is sent free on request. Ramcal changea have been made, including &nal entry date of January 15. 6. Director.-The Director General of the county in which the contest is to occur is authorized to appoint a Director. 7. Conducting the Contest.-The choirs entered shall draw for places on the program. The Director shall draw from the prescribed list one number which shall be presented. After the prescribed selec­tion has been sung, the choir shall then sing one song of its own choice from the appropriate list published above. Contestants are not permitted to use books or copies of songs while competing but must sing the contest selections from memory. All of the verses given in the song-book shall be sung. The conductor of the choir in the county meet shall be a pupil eligible under Article VIII of the Constitution. 8. Judges.-The Director of the Contest shall appoint three, or greater odd number of competent judges, none of whom shall be con­nected with any of the participating schools. The same method of ranking the competing choirs shall be used as is prescribed for ranking contestants in declamation. 9. Unison.-Unison singing is prescribed in all county contests. For purposes of this contest, "unison singing" is defined as follows: "All voices singing exactly the same melody." 10. Instructions to Judges.-In ranking the contesting choirs, the judges shall consider technical accuracy, tone production, intelligence of phrasing, interpretation, and stage appearance. SUGGESTIONS TO TEACHERS 1. Listen to the song several times before trying to sing any of it with the phonograph. Develop the listening attitude in the children. 2. Sing the easy parts with the phonograph, listening to the machine for the other parts until the class is able to sing the easy parts well. 3. Exchange with the phonograph, i.e., sing the more difficult parts, listening to the phonograph for the easy parts. 4. After the class is able to sing alternate parts well, sing the entire song with the phonograph, then without the phonograph. 5. Have pupils sing individually with the phonograph. 6. Have the pupils sit in their seats with song-books open while lis­tening to the phonograph and while singing alternate parts with the phonograph as indicated in the book. Sometimes have the class stand with books open near the phonograph. Frequently have three or four pupils sing it together at first, then individually. When even one succeeds the choir is started. Build up the choir gradually and have this group occasionally sing the song to help the others learn it. 7. Be sure that your victrola revolves at the rate of 78 revolu­tions per minute. Check your machine by fastening a piece of paper on the turn table. The number of revolutions can readily be counted as the revolving turn table passes a certain point so many times per minute. Any deviation from this will alter the pitch and tempo of the song. 8. Insist on the children watching the director when the music is being played and the director is directing. 9. Train the children to sing softly by using their head tones. A loud, heavy voice is harsh to the ears and very inartistic. 10. Study and interpret the song with the children before singing, and you will see the improvement in singing; for example, a lullaby should be interpreted and sung quite differently from a march; yet so often the distinction is not made. 11. The child should be able to sing the song alone with the vic­trola before he is allowed to join the chorus. The words of every song should be memorized. 12. Stress enunciation and pronunciation in singing. No one is interested in songs if the words cannot be understood. 13. Put books into the hands of the children. They sing better from the book while learning a song. Also they get a mental vision of the notes on the staff, and thus unconsciously begin sight reading. 14. In learning a new song do not sing that song again and again until the child has become weary and has lost interest in it. Put it aside until another day and let the group sing a song that they know. Illustrations on artistic singing can best be done with a song that is familiar to the child. 15. The child must watch the director! Order the book, "Our Music in Story and Song," from the State Department of Education, Austin, Texas. Order the Teachers' Manual for "Our Music in Story and Song" from the American Book Company, Dallas, Texas. Price, 24c each, plus postage. SONG LIST RURAL DIVISION Record 2159-M PAGE A-1. The Black Smith·--------------------------------··-·········-----···-·-··· 60 B-2. Where Waves Are Tossing__________________________________________________ 77 Record 2160M A--3. Gypsies ············--·-···-······-····-·········-····-········-·------------------···· 85 4. Oh, Let Us Go A Boating________________________________________________ 90 5. A-Dancing ··-··--·--------------------------------------------------------···-91 B--6. The Hunter's Horn............ ---··········-------------··-·····--······--·-93 Record 2161-M A-7. My Valentine -----------------------------------····-··· 96 8. To the Gay Village Green__________________________________ 100 9. The Blue-Bells of Scotland______________________________ 103 B-10. Sleepy Head ------------------------···-------------------------105 RULES IN PICTURE MEMORY 1. Divisions.-There shall be two classes in this contest, as fol­lows: (a) Ward Schools, or Grammar Grades; and (b) Rural Schools. 2. Representation.-Each member-school in the League having two or more pupils in the fourth and fifth grades is permitted to enter a team in picture memory. To the picture memory team of two shall be added one member for each twenty pupils (or fraction thereof) in excess of ten enrolled in the eligible grades on the basis of total enrollment up to February 1. Thus, if the total enrollment in the eligible grades is ten or less than ten, the team is composed of two pupils; if 16, three pupils; if "34, four pupils; and so on. (For "enrollment" see Art. VII, Sec. 26.) 3. Eligibility.-Only pupils in the fourth and fifth grades who are eligible under Article VIII of the Constitution may be entered in this contest. 4. Conducting the Contest.-The Director of Picture Memory in the county shall advise the Director General of the probable number of score-sheets needed in the county contest, and he shall include this item in his requisition for supplies to the State Office. The test-sheets are numbered serially. The perforated coupon at­tached is numbered to correspond with the test-sheet. Each contestant receives one test-sheet and is to be instructed to fill out the coupon, detach the same and hand it to the Director of the Contest. These coupons shall be kept for identification of the test-sheets after the test-sheets have been graded. The Director shall appoint two monitors to supervise the contest, and they shall stay in the room while the contest is being held and report to the Director any attempt on the part of any pupil to copy from any other or from any source during the contest. The Director shall disqualify any pupil who attempts to copy from any source. The Director, or person designated by him, shall exhibit to the contestants thirty pictures from the prescribed list,* chosen at ran­dom, and shall keep a list of the pictures in the order in which they are exhibited. After the "memory test," the Director shall exhibit three "unfa­miliar" pictures which are furnished from the State Office, and the contestants shall use the reverse side of the score-sheet in this list. After the test has been given, the test-sheets shall be collected by the Director, and the list of the pictures in the order in which they have been exhibited attached thereto, and test-sheets and list turned *The "prescribed list" is contained on the Picture Memory test-sheet, coplea of which may be obtained from the State Office, see Appendix V, of thi• bulletin. over to a committee of graders who shall grade the sheets. The test on "unfamiliar pictures" shall be graded by a key furnished by the State Office. The Director shall then attach the coupons containing the names of the contestants, each to the proper test-sheet, being guided by the serial numbers. A list of the 100 per cent contestants shall then be made which shall be publicly announced during the county meet. The team grades shall be computed (see next paragraph), and a first, second, and third place winner declared. The team-grade shall be determined by adding together the scores made by all members of a given team and dividing the sum by the number of individuals composing the team. 5. Grading the Test-sheets.-A perfect paper is graded 100. From 100 there shall be deducted one point for each error made. Directions for grading the test-sheets are printed on the sheet. 6. Judges.-No teacher who has a contestant in the contest shall be permitted to serve either as a monitor or as a member of the grading committee. 7. Available Aids.-The Interscholastic League has issued a bulle­tin which treats appreciatively each of the pictures in the list, Bulletin No. 3536. It is sold for 15 cents per copy or 10 cents each in quantities of ten or more. Each pupil entering the contest should have a copy of this bulletin. Besides being an aid in preparation for the contest, it serves well as a supplementary reader. The teacher should have a copy of Bulletin No. 3634. Both these bulletins are described in Appendix V. 8. Sample Test-Sheets.-Any school may obtain from the State Office of the League a supply of test-sheets for pra~tice tests at 10 cents for ten copies, 35 cents for fifty, or 50 cents per hundred. A test-service of "Unfamiliar Pictures" is also available. Sets of pictures not included in the memory list are offered with keys for grading the same. To cover the cost of pictures, mailing, postage, etc., a charge of $1.00 for this service is made. The pictures are all large and mounted on stiff carboard for exhibiting. Two sets are sent in one package, and the package may be kept for two weeks. There are 25 sets in all, three pictures in each set. Keys are sent under separate cover. The pictures are not for sale by this office. To give this test, a supply of picture memory score sheets is neces­sary. The test is the same character that is used in the county contest, that is, it tests the pupil's ability to apply the knowledge he has gained from his study to unfamiliar pictures. Applications for this service will not be accepted after January 1. 9. Contest Selections.-The selections to be used as a basis for the contest in the current year are listed in the bulletin mentioned in Paragraph 7, above. 10. Publiskers.-Space for description of offerings and prices of various publishers from whom prints of the selections may be pur­ chased is not available in League bulletins. Teachers should be care­ful to discriminate in ordering pictures. One print may be expensive at one cent and cheap at five. It is suggested that the offerings and descriptions as well as prices of publishers be carefully studied. The following publishers, listed in alphabetical order, supply prints in­cluded in this year's selections: Art Extension Press, Inc., Westport, Connecticut Brown, Robertson Company, 424 Madison Ave., New York City Bryant, C. A., Company, Dallas, Texas Mentzer, Bush and Company, 2210 So. Park Ave., Chicago, Ill. Owen, F. A., Company, Dansville, New York Parker Publishing Company, Taylorville, Ill. Perry Pictures Company, The, Malden, Mass. Practical Drawing Company, Dallas, Texas Uni··ersity Prints, The, Newton, Massachusetts 11. Awards.-Each winning Picture Memory team in the county meet is awarded from the State Office a certificate evidencing this accomplishment, upon due certification to the State Office from the County Director General. COUNTY NUMBER SENSE CONTEST 1. Classes.-There shall be two classes in this contest: (a) Rural Schools; (b) Ward or Grammar Grades, in which class the seventh grades of junior high schools may compete. 2. Representation.-Selection of team and representation shall be the same as that prescribed for Music Memory, except, of course, that only seventh graders are eligible, as prescribed in Rule 3, following.* 3. Eligibility.-ln addition to satisfying eligibility requirements for literary contestants set forth in Article VIII of the Constitution, only pupils in the seventh grade shall be permitted to enter this contest. 4. Contest Problems.-The contest problems shall be furnished from the State Office to the Director General in a sealed envelope which shall not be opened until the contestants are assembled and ready to begin. The problems shall be of the same general nature as those contained in the League BuJletin entitled "Developing Number Sense." 5. Conducting the Contest.-The Director in charge shall number the folded sheet, and keep memoranda of the name, address, and school of each contestant to correspond to the numbers respectively assigned, so that the papers at the close of the test may be readily identified. The contestants shall be instructed not to unfold the test-sheets until the signal is given for the contest to begin. After exactly ten min­utes another signal shall be given, and each contestant shall then be required to rise and fold his test-sheet and be ready to deliver it to the person designated to collect the sheets. Each contestant shall be instructed to write his answer down immediately following the prob­lem without attempting to solve the problem on paper, in accordance with instructions on the test-sheet. This is a test in mental arith­metic, and only the results of calculations arrived at without the use of pencil and paper should be accepted. The Director of the contest may disqualify a contestant for violating these instructions. Both classes may be conducted in the same room at the same time, the Director separating the papers into their respective classes for grading. 6. Determining the Winner.-At the close of the ten-minute period, all of the papers shall be collected and immediately placed in the hands of the graders, who shall carefully grade the papers, by the key, awarding each contestant five points for each problem solved. The sum of the points thus awarded shall be considered the gross *In case a school has only one pupil in the seventh grade, the team may he completed by a pupil from the next lower grade. grade of the contestant. From the gross grade five points shall be deducted for each problem not solved or skipped. Those problems occurring aft.er the last problem solved or attempted are not con­sidered skipped and hence no deduction for them is made. Second place goes to the contestant making the next highest net grade, third place to the next highest, and so on. An illegible figure shall be con­sidered an error, and the same test for determining legibility shall be applied as is prescribed in the Spelling Rules. (See "Note" to In­struction No. 4f, pages 49 and 50.) All fractions in t.est papers must be reduced to lowest t.erms. The team grade is the State Meet shall send in to the Secretary of the League, Univer­sity Station, Austin, Texas, the full names of the individuals selected to compete. Unless this is done, free lodgings will not be available, nor will rebate be allowed. No substitutions are allowed after entries are made. 8. State Contest in Journalism.-The contest in journalism shall consist of five events: 1. News Reporting; 2. Editorial Writing; 3. Headline Writing; 4. Copy Reading; 5. Feature Story Contest. The nature of the contest in each of these events will be discussed in detail in the High-School Press column of the Lea,gmr from issue to issue. Each contestant must engage in each of the five events. Points shall be awarded on the following basis, to-wit: First Second Third Fourth Fifth Reporting ----­-----­------­----·---­-·-----­--100 86 70 66 '° Editorial --­--­-­-------------------­ 100 86 70 66 4.0 Copyreading -------­---------­-­----­ 76 63 61 39 27 Headline Writing ------­-----­ 60 60 u 80 20 Feature Story ----------­ ---­- 76 68 61 89 27 The contestant making the highest number of points shall be given first place; contestant making second highest number of points shall be given second place; and the contestant making next highest number of points shall be given third place. Point-distribution in ties for any given place shall be made in accordance with plan set forth in Art. X, Sec. 8. PRESS CONFERENCE Though staff members from papers other than the sectional winners will not participate in the State journalism contests to be held in Austin at the spring meeting, the staff of every other paper enrolled in the Conference may send two delegates to the journalism meet without the privilege of the rebate or free lodgings. Coordinated with these contests at the State Meet will be a series of discussions of problems of high school journalism and talks on the principles of news writing, make-up, headline writing, copy read­ing, and proofreading. To be eligible to attend the conference, all delegates must submit their names to The Interscholastic League, Box H, University Station, Austin, Texas. The Texas High-School Press Conference was organized in the spring of 1928 at a meeting of high-school editors at The University of Texas. The conference is sponsored by the University Department of Journalism and Sigma Delta Chi, honorary journalism fraternity for men. Any Texas high school publishing a paper, provided it is a member of the Interscholastic League, may enroll in the conference without charge by sending the issues of its paper to the Interscholastic Leaguer, Austin, and by sending a notification to the High-School Press editor of the Interscholastic Lt--aguer. Only those papers pub­lished every two weeks or more often will be eligible for the contests. RULES IN ATHLETIC CONTESTS INTRODUCTION T HE FIRST high school athletic contest to be held under the supervision of The University of Texas was an invitation track and field meet held on April 29, 1905. Through the leadership of the athletic staff of the University this event became an annual affair. On May 6, 1911, principals and superintendents met in Austin at the annual track and field meet and officially organized the Uni­versity Interscholastic Athletic Association. The purpose of the Asso­ciation as stated in the Constitution was as follows: "The object of the Association shall be the promotion, improvement and regulation of athletic sports in the secondary schools of Texas." On May 3, 1913, the Debating and Declamation League of Texas Schools, a literary organization sponsored by The University of Texas, and the University Interscholastic Athletic Association, were merged to form The University Interscholastic League of Texas. The purpose of the athletic program as it is now sponsored by the Uni­versity of Texas Interscholastic League is as follows: 1. To assist, advise and aid the public schools in organizing and conducting inter-school athletic contests. 2. To devise and prepare eligibility rules that will equalize and stimulate wholesome competition between schools of similar rank, and reinforce the curricular program. 3. To equalize and regulate competition so that the pupils, schools and communities may secure the greatest social, educational and recreational returns from the contests. 4. To help the schools make athletics an integral part of the edu­cational program. 5. To preserve the game for the contestant and not sacrifice the contestant to the game. 6. To promote the spirit of sportsmanship and fair play in all contests. 7. To promote among the players, schools and communities a spirit of friendly rivalry and a respect for the rules of the contests. The League is vitally interested in the welfare of every boy and girl participating in the athletic contests. To protect the physical well-being o:( the contestants it is being urged that every contestant be given a thorough medical examination by his family physician before participating in the athletic games and contests of the League. FOOTBALL PLAN The Football Code.-The football code means to play the game in the spirit of fairness and clean sportsmanship; to observe all rules and not attempt to hold, "beat the ball," or coach from the side lines because it can be done without the knowledge of the referee, or to resort to trickery in equipping or preparing players. It means to accept decisions of officials without protest; to treat your opponents as your guests, and to put clean play and real sportsmanship above victories. It means the ability to win without boasting and to lose without grudge. "Victory is no great matter. The important thing in sport is the manly striving to excel and the good feeling it fosters between those who play fair and have no excuse when they lose." 1. Eligible Schools.-No school shall participate in League football unless: its acceptance of this plan is on file in the State Office by September 15. A non-participating school the preceding year desiring to partici­pate shall so notify the State Office one year in advance. 2. Football Coaches Must Be Full-time Employees of School Board.-A football team is not eligible in the Interscholastic League whose head coach or whose assistant coach is not a full-time employee of the school board of the school which the team represents. "Full­time" means full time for the whole scholastic or calendar year.* 3. Con!erences.-Participating schools shall be divided into con­ferences as follows: a. A high school (except a junior high school) with an en­rollment of 500 or more last year shall compete in "Con­ference A." b. Other schools, except as provided in "c" and "d" below, are "Conference B" schools. If a "Conference B" school wishes to compete in "Conference A" the superintendent or principal shall make application to the Chairman of the "Conference A" Committee one year in advance and the State Office shall be notified at the same time. c. A high school having an enrollment the preceding year of less than 150 may enter Conference C provided a suffi­cient number of such schools from a particular locality enter to justify the creation of a district. A school hav­ing a larger enrollment may be admitted to Conference C by action of the District Committee. d. A high school that is not a member of Conference A, B, or C may enter a team in Six-Man Football and compete for the championship in that division. e. Optional City Division. Effective 1939, three or more cities, each having at least two senior high schools of five hun­dred or more enrollment, may associate themselves together for League Football competition and, upon unanimous vote, accommodate high schools located in the metro­politan area of any of the cities so associated. Such •This rule shall not affect the etataa of a coach on a leave of absence attendingcollege. association shall be known in the League organization as a "City Division in Football,'' shall elect its own officers for intra-city competition, accept the League's direction for inter-city play-offs, and submit inter-city disputes, if any, to the State Committee for adjudication under the eligibility and other rules of the League. Such Division shall not be permitted under the League rules to have any competitive contact in Football on a championship basis with any other division or Conference in the League. In case three or more cities choose to form such a division, complete plan for determination of a Championship shall be submitted to the State Committee for approval not later than February 15, 1939. NOTICE.-Deaignationa of conferences and baais for class.i&ca­tion in 1939 appear following Section 10, Art. VII. 4. Districts.-The State shall be divided into sixteen districts for Conference A, and competition shall include a State championship. The State shall be divided into a number of districts for Conference B, but competition shall not extend further than a regional champion­ship. Announcement concerning the arrangement of Conference B Regions will be issued during the season. A number of Conference C districts will be arranged but competition shall not extend further than a bi-district championship. Championships in Six-man Football are limited to the district. Any Conference B regional champion that engages in football com­petition with another Texas high school after winning the regional championship shall be suspended from the League for the next foot­ball season. The districts generally are indicated by the location of the district chairman (see the following lists). Usually five to eight !jehools compose a district. Schools are assigned to districts by the State Office. The title of each of the individuals named in the list which follows is superintendent in bis respective school system unless otherwise designated. Numerals in parentheses indicate the district numbers. Conjerence A districts and chairmen follow: (1) Chas. M. Rogers, Amarillo; (2) ------···---·-····-····; (3) L. E. Dudley, Abilene; (4) J. M. Hanks, Ysleta; (6) R. L. Speer, Sherman; (6) J . R. Ryan, McKinney; (7) N. E. Buster, Arlington Heights High School, Fort Worth; (8) Wylie A. Parker, Forest Avenue High School, Dallas; (!>) J. M. Hodges, Tyler; (10) Bon­ner Frizzell, Palestine ; (11) B. A. Stockton, Waxahachie; (12) Van K. Jones, Harlandale High School, San Antonio; (13) W. S. Brandenberger, Sam Houston Hi;:h School, Houston; (14) E. C. McDanald, Beaumont; (16) John P. Manning, Robstown; (16) F. C. McConnell, Weslaco. Conj erence B districts and chairmen follow: (1) C. H. Dillehay, Hereford; (2) George A. Heath, White Deer: (3) W. C. Perkins, Shamrock; (4) 0. C. Thomas, Spur; (6) ·····--·-···------··-······-···-··; (6) N. C. Forrester, Roby; (7) Murry H. Fly, Odessa; (8) J. F. Reeves, Fort Stockton; (9) C. B. Breedlove, Haskell ; (10) J . F. Kemp, Seymour ; (11) Nat Williams, Baird; (12) W. J. Stone, Nocona; (13) J. T. Wittmayer, Diamond Hill High School, Fort Worth ; (14) L. A. Roberts, Grand Prairie; ( 15) S. S. Boutwell, Terrell; (16) J. S. Halley, State Home, Corsicana; (17) R. F. Hartman, Nevada; (18) Frank H. Morgan, Commerce; (19) Henry McClelland, Gilmer; (20) W. C. Mathis, White Oak High School, Longview; (21) C. E. Brown, Troup; (22) Thos. R. Allen, Tatum ; (23) W. L. Jordan, Crockett; (24) L. D. Self, Silsbee; (25) C. H. Hufford, Coleman; (26) E. H. Boulter, De Leon; (27) N. W. Prentice, Richland Springs; (28) E. T. Robbins, Taylor ; (29) H. J. Jackson, West ; (30) Gaston T. Gooch, Dawson; (31) D. C. Holleman, Normangee; (32) J. M. Scott, Buffalo; (33) R. L. Williams, Lockhart; (34) S. DeBord, Schulenburg ; (35) S. H. Smyre, Caldwell; (36) T. A. Roach, Wharton; (37) Guy T. McBride, Boling; (38) W. O. Meredith, Angleton; (39) Fount Bright, Dayton; (40) C. 0. Wilson, Nederland ; (41) F. B. Jones, Sonora; (42) R. B. Reed, Alamo Heights, San Antonio ; (48) Sterling H. Fly, Crystal City; (44) S. F. Cernosek, Victoria ; (45) M. R. Hollenshead, Ganado; (46) S. W. Seale, Sinton ; (47) Chas. L. DuBose, Falfurrias; (48) J. B. Smith, La Feria. Con/ erence C districts and chairmen follow: (1) U. U. Clark, Rule ; (2) E. J . Cappleman, Tioga ; (3) R. F. Hartman, Nevada ; (4) ----------···----------·-··-··------; (5) W. C. Brashears, Lorena; (6) A. D. Boatler, Kossee; (7) A. L. Bentley, Bartlett; (8) R. D. Kothman, Eden ; (9) B. H. Story, Runge; (10) S. V. Burks, Poteet ; (11) R. C. Lee, Henders:>n; (12) L. I. Smith, East Texas State Teachers College, Commerce ; (13) Joe G. Potter, Anton ; (14) E. A. Gay, Bertram; (15) W. E. Williams, De Kalb; (16) H. 0. Harris, Sanger; (17) M. B. Porter, Odem; (18) A. L. Sears, Grand Falls ; (20) Norvell Key, Ropeaville; (21) Floyd Burton, Lovelady. 5. Di8trict Organi.zation (A, B, and C and Six-man Football*).­The Chairman of the old District Executive Committee shall serve as temporary chairman for the district and he shall call a meeting of all participating schools in the district, preferably in the spring but in any case not later than Saturday following the third Monday in September. (The State Executive Committee urges the District Chair­man to call his organization meeting in the spring.) At this meeting a district executive committee shall be created composed of faculty representatives from participating schools. Each participating school present shall have one vote. At least two alternates should be elected to serve in case members of the committee are disqualified. If only one member is disqualified the first-named alternate should serve. A member of the committee shall be disqualified to act in a case in which his school is one of the two involved. In each new district, and in case of vacancies, a temporary chair­man shall be appointed by the State Office. It shall be the duty of the Chairman to call the organization meeting. 6. Duties of District Executive Committee.-lt shall be the duty of the District Executive Committee: •It shall be the duty of the superintendent, principal, or coach in each school eempetlnc under this plan, to inform himself regarding the district chairman, time of meetlnc, etc. If the chairman mevea from the district without calling a meetlnc, each school in the district baa a responsibility to notify the State Office 10 that another chairman may be named. 86 The University of Texas Publication a. To enforce all rules and regulations, to settle all disputes and all questions of eligibility arising inside the district. There shall be no appeal from any decision rendered by this committee. b. To certify to the State Office an eligible district champion not later than Saturday after Thanksgiving, after which the Committee's functions cease. In case of dispute, cer­ tification to the State Office shall be in the form of a written notice naming the eligible school and must be signed by a majority of the members of the District Executive Committee; provided the State Committee shall shall have the authority to reject for inter-district compe­ tition any football team whose district committee has adopted any rule or regulation limiting the eligibility of players beyond the requirements set forth in the Constitu­ tion and Rules and the Football Plan. c. To arrange a round-robin schedule in the district to close not later than the Saturday following Thanksgiving, except in Class C districts the district championship shall be determined and winner certified to the State Office not later than the Saturday preceding Thanksgiving. In districts that have more than ten participating schools sub-districts shall be created, in which case round-robin schedules shall be arranged in the sub-districts to close in sufficient time to schedule an elimination game or series so that the district championship may be determined by the proper time. Districts with fewer than ten schools may be subdivided. Effective 1939, the sub-divisions of a district shall contain an equal number of teams, or as nearly equal as can be; e.g., a district having seven teams shall be divided on a 3-4 basis. d. To investigate and check the eligibility of players in the district and to furnish to member-schools in the district a list of eligible players submitted by each school and to in­ vestigate transfers with a view to determining whether or not transfers are bona fide. In case the transfer is not considered bona fide by the District Committee, it shall have the power to declare the contestant in question in­ eligible for football. e. To uphold the principle that high school football is worth while in the school as an educational force when properly controlled. Efforts on the part of any school official or local "fan" to recruit players shall be considered a viola­ tion of this principle and shall subject the school at fault to disqualification. Disqualification may be made by the committee after the school concerned has been given an opportunity to be heard in its own defense. When a school is disqualified it shall remain on the disqualified list until the superintendent has convinced the committee that the errors complained of have been removed and that he, the superintendent, can guarantee the proper conduct of football in his school. 7. Expenses of District Committee.-The District Executive Com­mittee has authority to outline and put into operation a plan for financing its meetings under the following restriction: If the assess­ment plan is used the assessment for any school shall not exceed one­half of its regular League membership fee. The failure of a school promptly to pay its assessment, after having been notified, shall sub­ject it to a penalty of elimination from consideration for district honors. If a school refuses or fails to pay its assessment after the close of the season, it may be debarred from participation the follow­ing year or until the amount is paid. At the close of the season the District Executive Committee shall furnish each participating school in the district a financial statement showing all receipts and disbursements for the season. 8. District Disqualification.-A district shall be disqualified in the State or Regional race if a team which has won a Conference game with an ineligible player is certified as district champion to the State Office. Such disqualification to be made only upon presentation of evidence to the State Executive Committee. 9. Eliminations.-The district champions in Conference A shall participate in the final series for State championship according to the schedule which shall be arranged by the State Office. Conference B bi-district and regional championship games shall be arranged by the State Office. In both conferences the bi-district games shall be played not later than the second Saturday following Thanksgiving. Subsequent elimination games shall occur weekly. Conference C bi-district games shall be arranged by the State Office. The bi-district games shall be played not later than the Saturday following Thanksgiving. 10. Jurisdiction of lnterdistrict Disputes. -The State Executive Committee shall have jurisdiction in all disputes arising between district winners that have been duly certified. 11. Number of Games.-Between the opening day of school and the Saturday following Thanksgiving, inclusive, no boy shall partici­pate in more than ten games and, in addition, he shall not be permit­ted to take part in more than one game during any given period of five days. 12. Games That Count on Percentage.-Interconference or inter­district games between participating schools shall not count on a team's percentage. A defeat by a non-participating Texas high school, except by a junior high school, regardless of size or date, shall elinr inate from the District, State, or Regional race. A defeat by a school not eligible to membership in the League shall not count. 13. A Practice Scrimmage.-A scrimmage or practice period to which no admission is charged, which is not on an announced sched­ule and which is not regularly conducted by an official or officials shall not count as a game. 14. Tie Games.-In interdistrict elimination contests a team shall receive one point for each time it penetrates its opponent's 20-yard line. In the meaning of this provision, a team has penetrated its op­ponent's 20-yard line when the ball has been carried within and declared dead in its possession inside the opponent's 20-yard line. It is understood that only one penetration may be counted during one continuous possession of the ball. A play from outside the 20-yard line which results in a touchdown shall count one penetration. If this plan shall fail to determine a winner, the team that has made the greater number of first downs shall proceed in the race. A first down shall be counted when the required distance has been made. If the two teams are still tied after counting first downs, the one that has gained the most yardage from scrimmage shall be declared winner. It shall be the duty ef the referee of the game to interpret and enforce this rule and his decision is final. The game officials are to keep a record of the number of penetrations, first downs, and yardage from scrimmage and make a report to each school in case of a tie. Points thus made are, of course, not considered unless the game results in a tie. It is simply a method of breaking a tie, not in any sense a new method of scoring. Unless mutually agreeable otherwise in advance of the game, this rule shall apply in the State Championship game. 15. Breaking Contracts.-A game cancelled after contract has been signed, unless both parties agree to the cancellation, shall be forfeited to the team not at fault. 16. Reports.-Each team shall make a complete report (forms fur­nished by the League) of every game in duplicate immediately after the game. One report shall be sent to the State Office and one to the Chairman of the District Committee. The District Committee may disqualify a team for its failure promptly to report its games.• 17. Observe Rules.-Each team shall observe faithfully all rules contained in Article VIII of the Constitution and Rules. In case an ineligible man is used in any League game, knowingly or unknowingly, the minimum penalty shall be forfeiture of the gf11m6. 18. Football Code.-By accepting this plan, the coach and other officials of each school pledge themselve8 to act in the spirit of the "Football Code" and to foster this spirit among the players. •Jt will be noticed that this rule 11:ives the district committee authorit7 to in· terpret tbe word "promptly." 19. Eligibility Blanks.-Each school shall fill out an eligibility blank in duplicate furnished by the League, these blanks to be signed by superintendent or principal, one mailed to the State Office, and one filed with the Chairman of the District Executive Committee, before the school is allowed to take part in any game. Failure to furnish correct and complete information shall constitute grounds for dis­qualification. At the end of the season the superintendent or prin­cipal of each school shall send to the State Office a list of all players who have participated in football during the season as representa­tives of the school. Failure to submit a correct and complete list shall constitute grounds for suspension. 20. Guarantees.-The visiting team always has the right to de­mand a guarantee sufficient to cover all expenses and in addition 50 per cent of the net gate receipts of the contest. A demand of a fiat guarantee which is clearly in excess of expenses, shall upon action of the State or District Executive Committee, disqualify offending team from further participation. [Note.-ln this connection, expenses of visiting teams, officials, ad­vertising, labor, services, and printing incident to the contest, shall be considered as expenses of the game. Number of men allowed upon expense account shall be agreed upon by coaches or managers of teams involved. Unless mutually agreeable otherwise, the home team shall furnish a playing field without cost to the visiting school.] 21. Officials.-All officials must be satisfactory to both parties and agreed upon in advance. Teams are urged always to secure outside officials. The visiting team should insist upon an agreement on offi­cials prior to the day of the game. A school that refuses to play a game because the officials agreed upon have not been secured shall not be considered as breaking its contract. The responsibility to engage satisfactory officials is upon the home school. Beginning a game with an official constitutes agreement. 22. Place of Game.-Unless mutually agreeable otherwise, the place for playing a game shall be determined on the "home and home" basis for the past six years, except in a state or regional elimination game the place shall be determined on the basis of the last game (within six years) between the two schools which counted on League standing. The team that was the visiting team the last time the two teams met on a home field may insist upon the game being played upon its home field, except as provided above. The home team may desig­nate the day for the game. In case of disagreement between two teams that have had no foot­ball relations during the past six years, the place shall be decided by tossing a coin. 23. Five Per Cent Conference A Interdistrict Receipts.-Five per cent of the gross receipts of Conference A interdistrict games shall be paid to the State Office to maintain a fund for investigating eligi­bility questions and to supplement printing, salary, and office appro­priations relating to football. The radio broadcast receipts are to be considered a part of the game receipts in all interdistrict games. 24. Protests.-All protests must be made to the proper committee within twenty-four hours after the game is played, except that a protest based on the alleged ineligibility of a player may be made at any time; provided, it is made immediately upon discovery of the facts on which the protest is based. Protests must be made in writ­ing and signed by superintendent or principal. A protest based on an official's decision will not be considered. 25. School Authorities Responsible.-Responsibility for the proper conduct of football in a school system shall rest with the superin­tendent. All contracts and arrangements for games shall be made between superintendents, principals or other duly authorized members of the faculties of the respective schools involved. The control and management of all games shall be under the supervision of school authorities. 26. Trophy for State Champion.-A regulation-sized silver foot­ball will be awarded to the school that wins the State championship under this plan. 27. No Spring Football Games.-No member-school shall play any football game, practice, or scrimmage with another high school after February 1. The penalty for violation of this rule shall be assessed by the State Executive Committee. 28. Schedule of Maximum Fees for Officials.t-The following are the maximum amounts that may be paid to any one official as a fee for officiating in a League game: Receipts Fee If up to $100__ ________ .$ 7.50 If $100 to $200_______ 10.00 If $200 to $500_______________ 15.00 If $500 to $1000________ 20.00 If $1000 to $5000__________________________ 25.00 If $5000 or more________ 40.00 ALLOWABLE MAXIMUM EXPENSES FOR OFFICIATING For one official 5c a mile for total mileage; for two officials traveling together by automobile 6'.lhc a mile; for three officials traveling to­gether by automobile Sc a mile. Expenses for local entertainment, defined as follows: Taxi fare to and from ball field, if used; local tThe district executive committee may modify the provisions of this section for application inside its district. meals as agreed upon and as arranged for by school authorities; hotel room, if required, to be secured and paid for by local school authorities. No other items are to be included in an expense account of officials, and neither fees nor expenses for officials shall be sup­plemented from any source whatsoever. Violation of the rules governing the employment and pay of foot­ball officials shall carry the same penalty as the violation of any eligibility rule; that is, forfeiture of the game. In emergency cases, if the rules in regard to fees of officials are violated by a member-school, the facts shall be reported to the Dh'!trict Executive Committee at a meeting to be called as soon as possible after the game to decide on the merits of the case and to apply the penalty; or, if an emergency is proved, to waive the penalty. The District Committee may declare that, in its judgment, an emergency arose, and, therefore, waive the penalty. 29. Night Football.-Night games may be scheduled only by mutual consent. 30. Exception to Art. VIII, Secs. 7 and 17.-In judging eligibility of a pupil in football, semesters shall be counted (see Art. VIII, Sec. 17) from the eighth grade in both eleven and twelve-grade school systems, and the same exception applies to Art. VIII, Sec. 7. STATE BASKETBALL TOURNAMENT The League has arranged for the determination of the State cham­pionship in interscholastic basketball under the following conditions: 1. The county (or city) championship shall be determined in ac­cordance with the method decided upon by the county (or city) ex­ecutive committee provided the following regulations are observed. 2. The district director of athletics shall arrange for a district tournament to be held not later than February 18, 1939, to which the county, city, and city-county unit champions, provided, rules 7 and 9, below, are entitled to enter. All funds collected at the district tournament in excess of tbe amount necessary to defray the legitimate expenses of the tournament shaU be used to finance the regular district meet if the District Executive Committee so directs; otherwise, the funds shall be pro­rated on the basis provided in Rule 6, below. If conditions in a district indicate that some plan other than a dis­trict tournament will better serve the interests of participating schools, a petition, signed by a majority of the schools in the district, should be presented to the district director of athletics outlining the plan. If the district director approves the alternate plan it may be put into effect upon approval of the State Office. 3. A school that has won its district championship is eligible to enter the Regional Tournament which win be held under the direction of the Regional Athletic Director not later than one week prior to the State Tournament. A double-elimination tournament shall not be used except by unanimous consent of participating schools. All funds collected at the regional tournament in excess of the amount necessary to defray the legitimate expenses of the tournament shall be prorated on the basis given in Rule 6. 4. The Regional Champions are eligible to compete in the State Championship Basketball Tournament, March 3 and 4, 1939. 5. In the State Tournament a silver trophy is provided for the winning team, a cup for the runner-up, and a shield for the third place team, as well as medals as follows: eight gold medals for the winning team, eight silver medals for the runner-up and eight bronze medals for the third place team. 6. All funds collected as entry fees and admissions at the State Tournament in excess of the amount necessary to defray the inci­dental expenses of the meet shall be prorated up to 100 per cent to the contesting teams on the basis of 10 cents per mile, both ways. If after rebate on expenses there is a balance in the fund received from gate-receipts and concessions, this balance shall be equally di­vided among the schools participating in the tournament. 7. The eligibility rules of this Constitution and Rules shall be fol­lowed in basketball, and no school not a member of the League is eligible to compete. 8. Disagreements regarding indoor and outdoor courts shall be decided as follows: One game to be played indoors, one game out­doors, and if necessary the place of the third game to be decided by the toss of a coin. Two games won by the same team shall decide the match. This provision shall not apply to county, district, or regional tournaments held on legal indoor courts or to the State Tourna­ment. In no case shall a team be forced to play more than two games in one day. 9. All teams except rural schools (see Article VII, Section 2) par­ticipating in any series leading up to the State Tournament shall pay an entry fee of $1.00 to the State Office by January 15 of the cur­rent school year. Rural schools desiring to participate in League basketball are required, however, to register especially for basket­ball in the State Office on or before the closing date, January 15. No team will be accepted after January 15. No team shall be allowed to take part in any game, county, district, or region, that has failed to register in the State Office. A school (including rural schools) that registers in the State Office for basketball shall be furnished with a card which shall entitle it to participation. League officers shall allow only qualified schools to compete. Mail remittance to the State Office in time to receive your card before your county schedule is arranged. 10. All officials must be satisfactory to both parties and agreed upon in advance. Teams are urged always to secure outside officials. Beginning a game with an official constitutes agreement. Tourna­ment officials shall be selected by the director in charge subject to approval of his executive committee. 11. A protest, to be considered, must be made within twenty-four hours after a game is played, except that a protest based on the al­leged ineligibility of a player may be made at any time; provided, it is made immediately upon discovery of the facts on which the protest is based. Protests based upon decisions of officials will not be con­sidered. Protests must be made in writing, signed by Superintendent or Principal. 12. At the end of the season the Superintendent or Principal of each participating school shall file with the State Office a report of all players that have represented the school during the season. A form for this report will be furnished by the League. Failure to supply correct and complete information on this report shall consti­tute grounds for suspension. 13. The "draw" for the State Tournament shall be made by the Athletic Director of the League in the presence of witnesses, as soon as the regional champions have been determined and reported to the State Office. 14. Efforts on the part of any school official or local "fan" to recruit players shall subject the school at fault to disqualification. Disqualification may be made by the county, district and regional committee after the school has been given an opportunity to be heard in its own defense. When a school is disqualified it shall remain on the disqualified list until the superintendent has convinced the com­mittee that the errors complained of have been removed and that he, the superintendent, can guarantee the proper conduct of basketball in his school. The school so disqualified has the right of appeal to the State Executive Committee. For definition of "recruiting" as used in this section, see Article VII, Section 25. TENNIS 1. Eligibility.-The eligibility rules laid down in Article VIII of the Constitution shall be strictly observed in all tennis contests in this League. 2. Classes for Junior Division.-See Alticle X, Section 10. 3. Divisiona.-(1) Senior: Each school-member may enter a team of boys and a team of girls in county contests in doubles, and a boy and a girl in singles. (2) Junior: Each school-member may enter a team of boys and a team of girls in county contests in doubles, and a boy and a girl in singles. Juniors may elect to enter the senior division, but may not enter both junior and senior divisions. 4. District Contests.-The winning senior teams in each county contest and the winners in the singles (boys and girls) of the senior division may enter the district contest. 5. Regional Contests.-The winners of first places in the district contests, singles and doubles, boys and girls, are eligible to enter the regional contests. 6. State Contests.-The winning contestants in the regional con­tests may enter the final State contest, to be held at The University of Texas on the first Friday and Saturday in May. 7. Number of Sets.-In all matches except the finals in the county, district, regional, and State contests, the best two out of three sets shall determine the winners; in all final matches for boys the best three out of five sets shall determine the winners. In all girls' matches the best two out of three sets shall determine the winners. No player or team is to play more than two matches per day and there shall be a minimum of one hour rest for a team or player between the close of one contest and the beginning of another. 8. How to Enter.-It shall be the duty of each school desiring to enter the county contests to notify the county athletic director, giving names of the players and a certificate of their eligibility signed by the Principal or Superintendent, at least one week before the time of such contest. Furthermore, each winning school in a county, dis­trict, or regional contest shall at once notify the athletic director of the next higher contest, sending names and eligibility certificates of the players. 9. Officials.-The athletic director in each contest shall provide a manager and the proper number of umpires for such contests; and in all tournaments the Director in charge shall have authority to arrange for officials subject to the approval of the appropriate execu­tive committee. 10. Foot Faults.-Both feet must be kept behind the line, and one foot must remain on the ground behind the line until the ball is de­livered. There must be no step, hop, or jump. This rule will be strictly enforced at the State Meet, and should be in the county, dis­trict, and regional meets. 11. Contestants.-If possible, enter contestants who are not in other contests. 12. Participation Limited.-No boy or girl shall be allowed to compete in both singles and doubles. 13. Awards.-In the State Meet a suitable trophy is awarded first place in boys singles, boys doubles, girls singles, and girls doubles. 14. No Cheering or Razzing in Tennis.-Tennis etiquette does not permit cheering or razzing during the match. Applauding a good play is always in order. Applauding an error is never in order. A tennis audience has always been a discreet and refined one. Any person who takes it upon himself to berate the officials or makes himself conspicuous by razzing the teams should be requested to leave the court. 15. Substitution Rule.-The local school authorities may make a substitution to fill a vacancy in tennis doubles but not in tennis singles. (Exception: In tennis singles for girls the school authorities may make a substitution.) After a given tournament has begun no substitution on a team which began the tournament shall be allowed. Please refer to Substitution Rule, Article IX, Section 8. RURAL PENTATHLON 1. Eligibility.-The rules laid down in Article VIII of the Consti­tution shall be strictly observed in this contest. In addition, a rural pentathlon contestant is not eligible to enter any other form of track and field competition. 2. Class.-The one class in the rural pentathlon is open only to rural schools. 3. County Representation.-Each member rural school may be represented in the county meet by not more than two boys. 4. Events.-The rural pentathlon shall consist of the following events: (a) 100-yard dash; (b) running high jump; (c) 12-pound shot put;• (d) standing hop, step and jurnp;t (e) running broad jump. Each contestant must participate in all five of the events. 5. Scoring.-The first five places in each event count, respectively, five, four, three, two, and one point. If less than six participate, all places count as indicated in the preceding sentence. The contestant who scores the greatest number of points shall be declared the winner and the holder of the Rural Pentathlon Championship. Since all rural schools are now eligible for this contest, points are awarded toward County All-Round Championship. See schedule, Article X, Section 3. [Note.-If the method described above shall fail to determine a winner, the contestant who has placed in the greater number of events shall be declared the winner. If this method shall fail to determine a winner, the contestants then tied shall cast lots for the place to be determined.] 6. District and State Representation.-The first place winner in the county is eligible to represent the county at the district meet. The first place winner in the district is eligible to enter the State Meet with full rebate privileges. Notice that a regional contest is not required. 7. State Awards.-The winner of the Pentathlon at the State Meet will receive a permanent silver loving cup appropriately in­scribed; the runner-up will receive a gold medal; the third place winner a silver medal, and the fourth place winner a bronze medal. •The shot is a metal ball (lead, iron, or brass) wei11:hing twelve pounds. It la "put" (not thrown) from the shoulder with one band. In the act of "putting" it must not drop behind or below the shoulder. During the "'put" the contestant mnst stay within a circle seven feet in diameter. tin the hop, step and jump the contestant shall be allowed to take olf from both feet. Measurement shall be made from a mark back of which the contestant shall start. (He may "toe" the line so long as be does not touch it.) VOLLEY BALL FOR GIRLS 1. Eligibility.-The rules laid down in Article VIII of the Consti­tution shall be strictly observed in this contest. This contest is open only to girls and the team may be composed of seniors or juniors or both. 2. Classes.-See Article X, Section 10. 3. Representation.-Each member-school (-except schools in cities as described in Article VI, Section 5) may be represented. in the county meet by one team. The district executive conunittee has authority to include this contest in the district meet if it sees fit. 4. Of/icWl Rules.-Unless mutually agreeable otherwise all games shall be played under the Official Volley Ball Rules adopted by the United States Volley Ball Association. The official rules are well adapted for elimination play, such as is required in the League. Unless mutually agreeable otherwise the height of the net shall be 7 feet 6 inches in the center of the court for classes A, B, and Rural and 6 feet 6 inches for the ward school class. Also in the ward school class the court may be 50 by 25 feet. If the larger court (60 x 30) is used for the ward school girls the serving distance shall be 25 feet. 5. Number of Games.-No team shall play more than two games in one day. There shall be a minimum of one hour rest between the close of one game and the beginning of another. TRACK AND FIELD FOR J'UNIOR BOYS 1. Eligibility.-The rules laid down in Article VIII of the Consti­tution shall be strictly observed in this contest. These events are open only to boys of junior age. 2. Classes.-See Article X, Section 10. 3. Representation.-Each member-school may be represented in the county meet by a team of junior boys subject to the following rules: a. No school shall be allowed more than three boys in each event except the relay, which requires four. b. No boy shall be allowed to participate in more than five events. c. A junior boy entered in the high-school meet or in the Rural Pentathlon is not eligible for the junior meet. 4. Events.-The events with the order in which they shall be con­ducted follow: Track Field 1. 50 yards dash 1. Pull up (chinning bar) 2. 100 yards dash 2. Running high jump 3. 440 yards relay 3. Running broad jump 5. Points.-The first four places in each event count, respectively, five, three, two, and one. If less than five participate in any one event no points shall be allowed for the last place. The school that scores the greatest number of points by this method shall be declared winner; next highest, runner-up; and next highest, third place. For points towards all-round championship, see Article X, Section 3. PLAYGROUND BASEBALL 1. Eligibility.-The rules laid down in Article VIII of the Consti­tution shall be strictly observed in this contest. This contest is open only to boys and girls under 15 years of age on September 1 preceding. 2. Classes.-See Article X, Section 10. 3. Divisions.-Each member-school may be represented in the county meet by a team of boys and by a team of girls. In some counties there will be rural schools whose enrollment would not permit them to enter a team of boys or a team of girls. These schools may organize a team composed of boys and girls and request the County Executive Committee to provide a separate class for this group at the county meet. To create such a class there must be as many as four schools entered. A school will not be permitted to enter both divisions. 4. Playing Rules.-The rules of organized baseball (professional baseball rules*) shall apply in all playground baseball games in this League with the following exceptions: a. The Diamond.-The bases, except the home plate, shall be 1¥.i feet square. The home plate shall be 1 foot square. Each side of the diamond shall measure 45 feet. The pitching dis­tance shall be 30 feet. b. Equipment.-The ball shall be a standard playground or in­door baseball 14 inches in circumference, either inseam or outseam. By agreement a ball 12 inches in circumference may be used. If the smaller ball is used the pitching distance shall be 35 feet. The bat shall be a standard indoor or play­ground bat. c. Number of Players.-A team may be composed of seven to ten players, inclusive. d. Pitching Regulations.-The pitcher shall take his positio1 facing the batter with both feet on the pitcher's plate. In the act of delivering the ball he may step forward with one foot but the other must be kept in contact with the plate until the ball has left his hand. The arm must be swung underhanded and kept parallel with the body. (The pitcher is not required to throw underhanded except to a batter.) e. Illegal Delivery.-If a pitcher violates the pitching regula­tions the umpire shall call a ball on the batter for each viola­tion. In such a case a base runner may not advance unless *The official baseball rules may be secured from any athletic supply house. he is forced off his base by reason of the batter becoming a base runner. If, however, the batter strikes at an illegally delivered ball the umpire shall not consider the violation by the pitcher. f. Base Running.-A base runner shall not leave his base while the pitcher has the ball standing in his box. On a pitched ball the base runner shall not leave his base until the ball has reached or passed the batter. A runner who leaves his base too soon shall be called out. g. Hit by Pitched Ball.-If the batter is hit by a pitched ball, the ball is dead and no runner may advance. The batter is not entitled to first base but the play counts as a "ball" against the pitcher except as provided in the following: If the batter intentionally gets in the way of the ball, it counts as a strike. If it is the third strike the batter is out. h. No Spiked Shoes.-Spiked shoes shall not be worn by any player. i. Ground rules are to be agreed upon by the schools before each contest. These rules are not provided for in the rule book. Some of the more important rules to be agreed on are: (1) How many bases are to be allowed on an over throw? (2) Shall the batter be declared out on the last strike if the catcher misses the ball? (3) Can a runner score on a passed ball at home? The playing grounds and playing conditions may make it necessary to provide for these contingencies. j. No team shall play more than two games in one day. There shall be a minimum of one hour rest between the close of one game and the beginning of another. HIGH-SCHOOL TRACK AND FIELD FOR BOYS (For detailed rules regarding track and field events, follow the National Collegiate Athletic Association Official Rules for Colleges.) 1. Eligibility.-The rules laid down in Article VIII of the Con­stitution shall be strictly observed in this contest. Notice that this is not designated a "senior" contest. These events are open to boys of senior or junior age. A boy entered in the junior track and field meet is not eligible for this meet. 2. Classes.-In the county meet competition shall be conducted in two classes, A and B. In the district, regional, and State meets com­petition is conducted in one class. Rural school, ward school, and grammar grades contestants wishing to enter these events compete in Class B. This is necessary for qualification to the district meet. For the Jack of a better name this meet is called the "high-school meet" although it is open to any member-school. Frequently a ward school has a boy too old for the junior events; he may enter the events listed in this section, subject, of course, to Rule 9. 3. Representation.-Each member-school, duly qualified, may enter a team in the county meet. In the county (or city) meet a school is not restricted as to the number of contestants except as provided in Rule 9 below. Proper entries, however, must be made. 4. Qualification.-The first four place winners in each event Class A and Class B at the county meet qualify for the district meet. Four places in each event at the district qualify for the regional meet and the same number qualify at the region for the State Meet at Austin. First and second place regional winners are entitled to re­bate at the State Meet, third and fourth place winners are not. A school may enter in the next higher meet as many individuals as qualified in the preceding meet. These individuals may or may not be the same individuals. 5. Class B State Meet.-A State track and field meet for Class B schools will be held at the North Texas State Teachers' College, Den­ton, May 5 and 6, 1939. In this meet only first and second place county winners from Class B schools are eligible. Entries for this meet should be sent to Denton at least 10 days before the meet. 6. Points.-In all track meets held by the League the first four places in each event count, respectively, five, three, two, and one point. If less than five participate in any event no points shall be allowed for last place. In computing individual honors a man's record on the relay team shall also be counted; for instance, each man on the win­ning team shall receive one and one-fourth points for individual honors, etc. 7. Events.-The events, with the order in which they shall be held, are as follows:• (For list of junior events for county meets see page 95. Track 1. 120 yards high hurdles 5. 880 yards dash 2. 100 yards dash 6. 220 yards dash 3. 440 yards run 7. 1-mile run 4. 220 yards low hurdles 8. 1-mile relay Field 1. Pole vault 4. Javelin throw 2. Running high jump 5. Running broad jump 3. 12-pound shot put 6. Discus throw 8. Preliminaries and Finals.-The preliminaries and finals for the State Meet shall be held according to the Official Program of the meet. 9. Number in Each Event.-Each school having a sufficient num­ber of qualified men shall be allowed not over three men in each event, excepting the relay, which requires four men. Only one relay team per school may be entered. •In meets where semi-final• are necessary the mile run may be sandwiched in with tha aeml-finala. 10. Number of Events One May Enter.-No contestant shall be allowed to compete in more than three track events, including the relay, and in not over five events altogether; and no contestant shall be allowed to enter more than one of the following events: 440-yds. run, 880-yds. run, mile run.* 11. Entries for Final, Meet.-At least ten days before the first day of the final meet, each school having qualified men and desiring to compete in said final meet shall send to the Director of Interscholastic Athletics, University, Austin, Texas, by registered mail, a list of entries, showing each event for which each man is entered. This list shall be signed by the principal or other acting head of the school. Entries for the Class B State Meet at Denton shall be made in ac­cordance with the above except they should be mailed to the Athletic Director, North Texas State Teachers' College, Denton. Official entry blanks are furnished by the League for the convenience of member­schools and may be secured from the State Office or from the Regional Director of Athletics. 12. Closing of Entries.-No entries shall be allowed for said final meet which are not mailed to tke director on or before the tenth day before the first day of the meet. 13. No Changes in Entries Allowed.-No changes in the entry list as sent in, as per Rule 11 above, shall be allowed except that a man may be substituted for another in an event, provided the substitute is otherwise eligible and already entered in the meet. 14. Must Qualify in Preliminaries.-No contestant shall be allowed to compete in the finals in any event who did not compete in the pre­liminaries and semi-finals of that event. This rule applies to the relay as well as to other events. 15. Must Be on Hand at Time Announced.-The Director of the meet shall see that the preliminaries and the finals start at the time announced for them. No excuse shall be accepted for failure of a team or contestant to appear at the time announced for the meet to start, and any contestant who fails for any reason to be on hand at the time of the preliminaries shall forfeit his right to compete either in the preliminaries or the finals. 16. Officials.-The Interscholastic League Athletic Director shall have general charge of the final meet, and the county, district, and regional athletic directors shall have charge of the county, district, and regional meets, respectively. It shall be the duty of such directors to provide officials, secure entries, arrange programs, and attend to such matters as may be required for the proper conduct of the meets. Each meet shall be under the direction of: The director of athletics, one referee, two or more inspectors, three or more field judges, four or more judges at the finish, three or more time-keepers, one starter, one clerk of the course, one scorer, one clerk of the field, one marshal, •This does not debar a 440, mile or half-mile man from the relay. one announcer, and such assistants to these officials as may be necessary. 17. Protests.-(See Article XII.) 18. Coach Not Allowed on Field.-At the final State Meet coaches and other school officials will not be allowed on the field. 19. No Extra Trials for Record.-Winners in the shot put, discus throw, javelin throw, and running broad jump at the State Meet will not be allowed extra trials for a State record. Those who qualify for the finals will be allowed three additional trials, and the con­testant will be credited with his best performance whether it was made in the preliminaries or in the finals. CAUTION All directors are reminded that certain events such as the javelin, discus, and shot are dangerous and proper precautions should be taken. To avoid accidents spectators should be kept off the field and contestants, not actually competing, should remain in their as­signed quarters. NOTICE Effective 1940 Track Season, each school shall fill out an eligibility blank furnished by the League for each Track and Field contestant, these blanks to be filed in the State Office on the same basis as that at present provided for Football contestants. APPENDIX I* WRITING ERRORS Many teachers ask the League State Office to furnish more specific description of "writing errors" than is contained in the "Instruction to Graders," page 49 of this bulletin. It is very difficult to describe an error in writing, so we resort to the expedient of tracing certain errors in spelling papers submitted to the State Office for 100 per cent award, and reproducing these tracings herein. First is the undotted "i," thus: These marks may stand for an unlooped "e" also, for there is no telling an undotted "i" from an unlooped "e." Then comes the "j," just as bad or worse, which has prevented many papers from being graded 100 per cent: The "p" is an offender and brings much grief to spelling papers. These p's need diet and exercise to bring them down to proper size and proportion, except the last two which seem to be trying to sneak by disguised as j's: Now look at the characters which were made for v's but which the State Grading Committee considered illegible or malformed. The letter "v" is responsible for many disappointments. Many of these, if taken out of their context, cannot be distinguished from u's: Difficulty is had with the "a." The first one is an error because it is too big in comparison with the other letters of the word from which it was taken; then there is the trouble with the down-stroke which should follow clear down to the line. Little superfluous curli­cues, such as you see in the third, fourth, and fifth specimens in the •Formerly Appendix I contained financial statement. Hereafter financial state­ment will appear in the October issue of the Leaguer. line below destroy the legibility of the character. An "a" which gapes, and keeps its mouth open, has no place in a 100 per cent paper, for sample of which see the next to last "a" in the cut, while the last one has a couple of loops which makes it look like two e's bumping their heads together : And what do you think of trying to pass off these marks for the letter "l"? An "l" or an "e" must have a loop, but we find these marks intended for "l" with no loop whatever: The letter "h" causes a lot of trouble. Here are a few samples of h's that will not pass the State Grading Committee: Here are some marks, that judging from the context, were meant for small t's: Of all the letters in the alphabet, the letter "d" is made in a greater variety of shapes and sizes than any other in the spelling papers that are submitted to the State Office for 100 per cent award. Here are a few d's that caused papers in which they respectively appeared to be rejected : a a -d-ct .d c:::f~ cl v:(A -L ~ ~~ ~-o!J/-d' The League State Office is asked quite often whether the so-called "Parker r" is considered a miss in a spelling paper. Certainly not. A "Parker r" is good, perhaps the best "r" to learn to make, but it must be made properly. When they are good, they are very, very good, but when they are bad, they are horrid. Here are some that are "horrid": You will not be able to recognize these characters, and we should not know what letter they were meant for if we hadn't found them in connection with other letters in a word which we knew how to spell. They are meant for w's: You will find in the "instruction to judges" that an unlooped "e" shall be considered a miss, and yet in the county meets, the graders often overlook this instruction and forward on to the State Office papers which contain the following marks which are meant to pass for e's: And these unlooped e's might pass for undotted i's, as above noted. Elephantiasis often attacks k's as well as p's. Here are three k's affected with this disgusting disease, taken from different papers: Here is a quite remarkable assortment of characters which were meant for h's. Letters so grossly made as these are of course not permissible in a paper which is submitted for 100 per cent award: The spelling and plain writing rules say that the letter "n" must not have a sharp top, and yet we find hundreds of sharp-topped n's in spelling papers which have been graded 100 per cent by county graders. Here are a few samples, each one taken from a different paper: One of the worst offenders in the plain writing contest is the looped "o." There is a special rule against this character in the "instructions to judges" this year, see page 49. Here are some looped o's culled from spelling papers submitted as "perfect" papers from county meets and two other o's not admissible: ~--rSJ.,,-~ -ti,, AL AJ., 4 ..t - the senior high school designated for such junior high school grad­uates. Districts outlined by the local school board shall govern. A pupil living in an "overlapping" district is eligible his first year under this rule in the school of his choice so long as he is living in the district of that high school. After a pupil under these conditions makes a choice of a high school, he will lose his eligibility for one year if he changes to another high school even in the same school system, unless a corresponding change of residence by his parents has been made. i. In case of discontinuance of the school which a contestant has represented in basketball or football, this section does not apply. Sec. 14, One-Year Rule.-(a) To be ineligible under this rule the pupil must have represented in football or basketball another high school having as many as 15 accredited units. The number of units held by the former school when the pupil enrolls in the new school governs this point. (b) A pupil is not ineligible under this rule who enrolls the first year of a newly created school located nearer his home (where he has resided for at least one year) than a school which he formerly attended. In the meaning of this rule the one-year provision has been satisfied when the pupil has been in attendance in the new school for two semesters even though the semesters may not be two consecutive semesters provided the pupil has not, in the meantime, enrolled in another school. In case of discontinuance of the school which a contestant has repre­sented in basketball or football, this section does not apply. The State Executive Committee at its meeting January 7, 1937, directed that the following be added: "Furthermore, Article VIII, Section 14, shall not operate to render pupils ineligible in a school to which they are changed by order of the County Board and to which their tuition money has been trans­ferred, in accordance with the law providing for transfers from one district to another." Sec. 16, Passing Grade Preceding Semester.-Question arose as to whether a contestant was eligible to compete in a basketball game the Saturday night following the Friday which was the last school day of the fall semester. The contestant had failed to pass in three credit courses during the spring semester of the preceding school year, but had passed in three credit courses dur­ing the fall semester. At the time of the game, it was a question of which was the "last semester," the fall or the spring semester. The committee ruled that the contestant was ineligible since the fall semester does not close until the new semester has begun, and the new semester does not begin until school is in session again after the last school day of the fall semester. For definition of a "semester" see Section 22, Article VII. A student changing schools is ineligible under this section if the school to which he changes refuses to allow credit for work completed the preceding semester in the former school. A year's credit in a subject granted on the basis of grades made during both semesters may be counted as one of the three required regardless of the particular grade for either semester. No exceptions are made to this rule for any reason. If the con­testant was sick, or had to quit school for other good reasons, he simply is not eligible if he failed to get credit for three half-unit t-Tedit courses during the preceding semester. Summer school work or any work handed in after the close of the semester cannot be counted. A contestant who has been out of school a full year or more is eligible provided he attended a major portion of, and made three half-units, the last semester he was in school. The fact that he was passing at the time of his withdrawal does not satisfy this rule. If he did not earn the prescribed credit he is not eligible. If the con­testant was enrolled less than three weeks his last semester he is not considered as having "attended" that semester. In case the session is not divided in a given school into semesters, the pupil must have been regularly promoted at the last promotion period. Sec. 17, Eight-Semester Rule.-A pupil becomes a high-school stu­ dent only when he enrolls for three or more high-school subjects. In a system of eleven or fewer grades this refers to enrollment in the eighth grade; in a system of twelve grades it refers to enrollment in the ninth grade. Note, however, Rule 30 of the Football Plan. After his high-school status once has been established, enrollment for three or more weeks in one or more high-school subjects constitutes attendance. In schools of less than eight and more than four and one-half months duration a year's attendance shall be counted as a semester and a half. Under this section participation in any contest or an enrollment period as long as three weeks shall be counted as one semester. An eight-months school is: (a) one in which teachers are paid for eight school months, or (b) one in which 160 days are taught. A contestant whose eligibility ceases at the middle of a semester is eligible to complete the season of the sport in season when that semester opened. This applies particularly to football and basketball. It does not apply to spring sports the seasons of which extend to the end of the second year such as track and field, tennis, etc. On February 14, 1934, the State Executive Committee ruled that the least attendance that may be charged against a pupil for an en­rollment period ranging from three weeks to one semester (or to one­half year in a school not on a semester basis), is one semester. Fur­thermore, the maximum that may be charged for enrollment in both semesters during a particular school year is two semesters in a school of eight months or more and one and one-half semesters in a school of less than eight months. Article X.-Only the events listed in this section may be counted towards all-round championship. Attempt to change schedule of points in county meets has caused more dissatisfaction than any other one thing in the past. County committees which arbitrarily change the schedule are uniformly over­ruled by the State Committee on appeal by any dissatisfied school. Sec. B, "Defaul,t" and "Forfeit."-A winner by "default" is one against whom no opposition is entered; a winner by "forfeit" is one whose opponent has entered but, for one reason or another, fails or refuses to continue the contest. A winner by default is awarded first place points. Sec. 4.-In a Class B meet where there are several rural entries in an event in which preliminaries are to be run, place rural entries in a separate heat. In counting points for the rural meet the director may take the results of this event as final for that class. How to Compute All-round Championship Points.-Keep in mind that participation of contestants and friendly competition between schools are more desirable and important than building up an imposing list of all-round championship points. ~ome contests are conducted separately by classes, others are not. Whenever the pro­visions laid down in this bulletin for conducting a contest by classes (Class A, Class B, Rural, or Ward) are followed a full schedule of points is awarded in each class. When a contest is conducted with­out regard as to class of schools, such as debate, extemporaneous speech, or other contests in which schools from different classes com­pete, all-round championship points are counted in the classes repre­sented by the winning schools. Example 1: Four Class A, three Class B, two Rural, and two Ward schools enter senior boys' tennis singles. One ward school wins first place and one of the A schools wins second. The ward school in this case receives ten points for all-round championship in the ward school elass and the A school five points to be counted in Class A. The other schools receive no points in this contest. Example 2: In playground ball, volley ball, junior tennis, or junior track and field the following entries are made: Two Class A, four Class B, four Rural, and three Ward or grammar grade teams. In such a case arrange competition by classes in Class B and rural. Award full schedule of all-round championship points in both of these classes. Since Class A and ward, or grammar grades, have fewer than four entries each throw them together in competition and count the points in class or classes represented by the first, second, and third place schools, except in junior tennis in which con­test only two places count points. If first place is won by one of the Class A teams award first place points to be counted toward the all-round championship in Class A. If second place is won by one of the ward or grammar grade teams award second place points and count toward the all-round championship in the ward school class, and so on. Breaking Ties in Declamation.-Note that the "sum of the ranks" is not resorted to for determination of first place if any con­testant has been awarded first place by a majority of the judges. Similarly (with first place already decided) the "sum of the ranks" is not resorted to to determine second place if one contestant has been given second or higher rank by a majority of the judges. Thus, if a contestant has been ranked first by one judge, second by another and sixth by another, be must be awarded second place, provided, of course, that first place bas already been determined, as it should always be before attempting to settle second place. In short, always go by "majority dec1sion" if possible; if there is no majority decision, then resort to the "sum of the ranks." With first and second places out of the way, then proceed by the same process to settle third place. When two contestants are tied for any place, and when the pro­eedure outlined fails to break the t'.e, the following plan shall be used: List the ranking of the two speakers one under the other as follows: Example: First speaker: 2-5-3 Second speaker: 4--2-4 It will be noted that first judge ranks first speaker above second speaker; second judge ranks second speaker above first speaker; third judge ranks first speaker above second speaker. This gives following: Example: First speaker: 1-2-1 Second speaker: 2-1-2 and so breaks the tie in favor of the first speaker. In case none of these methods breaks the tie, the contestants who are tied should be placed in competition before a new set of judges. One-Act Play Rules.-The following definitions govern the use of the terms "farce" and "comedy" in these rules: Comedy.-A drama of light and amusing rather than serious char­acter and typically having a happy ending; ... the phase of drama expressing the comic or depicting scenes of amusing or cheerful nature.-Webster's New International Dictionary. Comedy, the general term applied to a type of drama the chief object of which, according to modern notions, is to amuse. It is con­trasted on the one hand with tragedy, and on the other with farce, burlesque, etc. As compared with tragedy, it is distinguished by hav­ing a happy ending (this being considered for a long time the essen­tial difference), by quaint situations, and by lightness of dialogue and character drawing. As compared with farce, it abstains from crude and boisterous jesting, and is marked by some subtlety of dialogue and plot. It is, however, difficult to draw a hard and fast line of demarcation, there being a distinct tendency to combine the characteristics of farce with those of free comedy.-Encyclopedia Britannica. Unlike farce, the chief interest in comedy lies in characters rather than the exaggerated action. It makes direct contact with real life. It makes fun, gaily or bitterly, of all the weaknesses, curious beliefs and customs of human nature. Comedy may be serious as long as it retains its humorous point of view. Drama.-A form of literary art designed for the direct represen­tation of human actions and characters before an audience.-New International Encyclopedia. A farce is an exaggerated humorous play which does not represent life, but which reminds us of life. True farce occupies a very high place, but poor farce (the kind more often seen) is hardly worth consideration. Of course, the exag­geration must be something more than mere absurdity; farce has its roots as deeply planted in the truths of life as are the roots of high comedy. Only the expression is extreme-and even this must not be overdone. Farce is not, like comedy and tragedy, a representation of life. It is too exaggerated and too improbable for that. Yet it should, through all its ridiculousness, remind us of life. And in so far as it reminds us, it is good. If we form a proper conception of the terms "exag­gerate" and "reminds," and apply to it our conceptions of humor and a play, we shall have a working definition of farce.-Bruce Carpenter, in "The Way of The Drama." Grade Contests.-The Committee interpreted the so-called "primer grade" to read "first grade" in all schools, the question having arisen whether or not a school might have a primer grade and then a first grade. This interpretation was made for the clarification of rules. governing "grade contests" such as spelling, arithmetic, music mem­ory, picture memory, etc. APPENDIX IV SCHEDULE-MAKING In order to conduct a round-robin, first number the teams. This should be done by chance, allowing each team to draw its number, or, if representatives of teams are not present, appoint someone to draw for each team. Have the drawing witnessed by signatures of those present and file for future reference, in case question concerning drawing arises. Suppose there are seven teams. Since seven is an odd number, one team must stand by as each round is matched. The first round is arranged by writing the numbers down in their order, 1, 2, 3, in column form and then 4, 5, 6, 7 in column form up to the left, setting 4 opposite 3, 5 opposite 2, 6 opposite 1, and 7 at the top for the "bye." Repeat this arrangement except to drop the position of "1" down one space each time until it reaches the bottom and then move its position to the left and up to top of left column, and you have completely laid out each of the round-robin schedule, thus: 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 6-1 5-7 4-6 3-5 2-4 1-3 7-2 5-2 4-1 3-7 2-6 1-5 7-4 6-3 4-3 3-2 2-1 1-7 7-6 6-5 5-4 This arrangement holds good for any odd number. Keep your eye on the "1''-it revolves. Contrariwise, if the number of teams is even, "1" remains stationary, and the "2" revolves, thus: 1-2 1-8 1-7 1-6 1-5 1-4 1-3 8-3 7-2 6-8 5-7 4-6 3-5 2-4 7-4 6-3 5-2 4-8 3-7 2-6 8-5 6-5 5-4 4-3 3-2 2-8 8-7 7-6 A round-robin for three teams is arranged thus: 3-2-1­2-1 1-3 3-2 For four teams, thus: 1-2 1-4 1-3 4-3 3-2 2-4 For five teams, thus: 5-­ 4­ 3­ 2­ 1­ 4-1 3-5 2-4 1-8 5--2 3-2 2-1 1-5 5-4 4-3 For six teams, thus: 1-2 1-6 1-5 1--4 1-3 6-3 5-2 4-6 3-5 2--4 5-4 4-3 3-2 2-6 6-5 (Note. In using this scheme in debate, choice of sides may be determined for the first round by prescribing that teams drawing odd numbers take the negative and teams drawing even numbers take the affirmative.) After the draw in a round-robin the announcement of the matches and dates should be furnished the newspapers. Determining Percentage After each contest, the "Standing of Teams" should be computed in the usual manner, and given proper publicity. The formula for determining percentage follows: Let :r; equal "Games Won" and y equal "Games Played"; then :r; -X 1000 =Percentage. y "DRAWING A TOURNAMENT"* If the number of teams entered is a power of two, no byes are drawn, as in four, eight, sixteen, thirty-two, etc. Brackets are ar­ranged, as follows : First Round Semi-final Final Winner 2. 3. 1. --------} } l----1 4. 5. 6. } I 7. } -i 8. Directions for filling brackets: Put names of the teams in a hat and have someone draw them one at a time, and as each name is drawn, write it into the bracket, beginning at "1" and continuing until *The principle of "seeding" may be adopted by any county, district or regional committee. the name of each of the eight teams is written into the "first round" in the order drawn. In debate, odd numbers are assigned the negative for the first round, and even numbers assigned the affirmative for the first round. The winner of the 1-2 match is written into the first line of the "semi-final column";-the winner of the 3-4 match is written into the second line for semi-final competition. The lower bracket is filled in with the winners of the 5-6 and 7-8 matches, respectively. Winners of the semi-finals then compete for the cham­pionship of the tournament. In case, however, the number of teams entered is not a power of two, another arrangement is necessary. If, for example, seven teams are entered, subtract seven from the next power of two, which is eight, and you have the number of byes, namely, one. Place "1'' at the head of the semi-final column, as a "bye" and bracket the remaining numbers for the "first round." Number 1 then competes in the semi­final with the winner of the 2-3 match of the "first round," while the lower bracket is brought out in identically the same way as the lower bracket in the illustration given for an eight-team tournament. If there are nine teams entered, subtract nine from the next power of two (16) and you have seven byes. Divide the byes between the top and the bottom of the bracket, thus: First Round S11cond Round Semi-final Final Winner ~: ~~~-=--1_1---­ -1.. __l 4. 5. 6. }­ 7. ]--1 :: ·-· ·_l-­ APPENDIX V DESCRIPTIVE PRICE LIST OF LEAGUE PUBLICATIONS Those ordering bulletins should read carefullY_ th~ ~esc:ipt~on of the bulletin given below and the terms upon which it is distributed. Stamps are not .... ccepted in payment for bu.lletins, and bulletins are not sent C.O.D. or on account. Cash in the form of money order, ea;press order, currency, or personal check must accompany order. Do not ea;pect the bulletins to travel as rapidly as first-class mail. Wait a reasonable time before sending in an inquiry concerning an order previously given. If it is necessary to telegraph an order, the money should be tele­graphed also, as otherwise the order must surely be h6ld up awaiting remittance. When the term "League School" is used in this list it is meant to refer to a school which is a member of The University Interscholastic League. Reduced prices do not apply on cumulative orders. For instance, a school ordering 50 copies one time and 50 at another time does not receive these at the rate given on 100 lots. Bulletins ordered are not subject to ea;change, nor will money be refunded for same. BULLETINS Constitution and Rules of the Interscholastic League (Revised for 1938-39 Contests), 3824, 122 pages. Contains rules and regu1ations iroverning all contests of the University Inter· scholastic Lea1rne. Free copy is sent to the person remitting the fee for a school Extra copies 10 cents each. The University Interscholastic League: A Survey of Its Organization and Administration (1936), No. 3632, 75 pages. Charles Albert Dupre has mftde a careful study of the University Interscholastic Leuue, with especial reference to its history. organization, and administration, and it ia now made available in Printed form. The ortcanization bas &'rown from a membership of 28 schools to a membership of nearly six thousand schools duringthe oast quarter of a century of ib history. Many feature& of its work are unique, and the detailed study here presented will be found of considerable interest, especially among teachers and school executives of Texas. A copy is sent free on request to any member-school. Out-of-stat.. circulation at 25 'ents per copy. The Sale& Tax, No. 3838, 250 pages, single copies 35 cents, four copies for $1.00. This is the current debate bulletin containing suggestive briefs, selected arguments, bibliography, etc., all bearing on the current debate query, "Resolved, That Texas Should Adopt a Uniform Retail Sales Tax.'' It is prepared by Professor George Hester and Professor Thomas A. Rousse. Texas Legislature: One House or Two? No. 3738, 250 pages, single copies 35 cents, four copies for $1. This was the League handbook on the debate query for the school year 1937-88. It contains suggestive briefs, selected arguments, bibliography, ete., all bearing on the debate query, "Resolved, That Texas Should Adopt the On.,..House Legislature." It was prepared by Dr. Joe M. Ray, Associate Professor of Government in the North Texas State Teachers College. "Government Control of Cotton Production," No. 3538, 311 pases. Single copies 20 cents. Eight copies for $1. This was the League handbook on the debate query for the school year (1935-86) . lt contains both neirative and affirmative briefs, articles from standard Constitution and Rules, Interscholastic League 121 authorities g1vmg a general survey of the cotton situation, as well as selected argu­ments from those who favor and from those who oppose government control of production. The material In this bulletin is evenly balanced, and it is designed to furnish the high-school debater with a fairly comprehensive treatment of the subject. It was prepared by Professor Thomas A. Rousse. Debate Coach. The University of Texas. "Radio Control," Debate Handbook, 224 pages, 20 cents. Contains bibliography and selected articles for and against the following debat6 query: "Resolved that the United States Should Adopt the Essential Features of the Brltlab System of Radio Control and Operation." Eight copies for $1. "The League of Nations" (1923), No. 2329, 87 pages, 10 cents. Contains briefs and arguments pro and con concerning the following query: "Resolved, That the United States should join the League of Nations." Excellent for literary society and community debates. No free copies. "Financing a State System of Highways" (1929), No. 2929, 120 pages, 10 cents. Contains briefs bibliography, and selected arguments, both affirmative and nega­tiTe, on the following query : "Resolved, That the Sterling Plan for Financing a State System of Highways in Texas should be adopted." This bulletin was used in the 1929-80 debates. No free copies. "Trial by Jury," No. 3028, 10 ce·nts. Contains briefs and arguments pro and con on the following query : "Resolved, That a substitute for trial by Jury should be adopted." This question was debated In the League debating contests during the 1930-31 se.holsstic year. "Limiting Taxes on Tangible Property" (1932), No. 3228, 10 cents. Contains briefs, selected arguments and authoritative statistics on the following debate query : "Resolved That at least one-half of all State and local revenues in Texas should be derived from sources other than taxes on •angible property.'' This bulletin was prepared by C. A. Duval, Ph.D., Instructor ii' Economics, The Uni­versity of Texas. "Nationalization of Munitions" (1936), No. 3638, 225 pages. 10 cents. The question for debate m all Interscholastic League matched debates for the 1936-37 school year was: "Resolved, That the Manufacture of Munitions of War ShouU Be a Government Monopoly." Professor Thomas A. Rousse, Debate Coach at The University of Texas, hBl' vret•arE'd this bulletin covering practically every phase of the query. The bulletin contains general, negative, and affirmative briefs, bibliography, selected ar2uments, etc., using, of course, only the most eminent authorities in the field. Single copies, 10 cents. "Centennial Declamations," No. 3542, 236 pages. Single copies 35 cents. Four copies $1. This is a collection of the most famous orations by Texas orators, and orations concerning the history, traditions, and progress of Texas under seven flags. Lamar, Houston, Austin, Rusk, Archer, and many others of that great galaxy of Texas heroes and statesmen are represented in this collection. It was com­piled by Roy Bedichek, Director of the Bureau of Public School Interests, Extension Division, with especial attention to the requirements of the League declamatio~ contests. The historical notes were supplied by Dr. Eugene C. Barker, Professor of History in The University of T'exas, whose position as the greatest living authority on Texas History is generally recognized by historians thro11ghout the world. Containing nearly 100 selections, which represent the best thought and highest aspirations of our greatest leaders in each of the periods of Texas history, supple­mented by ample historical notes. this bulJetin msy be used with good effect as a source boo~ tor Texas history classes. "Texas History Syllabus," No. 3544 (1935), 61 pages, 10 cents per copy, 20 copies for $1. This bulletin is of great help in Texas History classes. It covers in syllabus form with abundant references Texas History, and is an excellent supplement to the text. Blank pages are provided for notes and additional references. In effect, it is a. Texas History workbook. "Making Friends in Music Land," Book II (1926), No. 2637, 75 pages, 10 cents. Five cents per copy in quantities of ten or more. Single copies 10 cents. "Music Heard in Many Landa" (1927), No. 2737, 10 cents. Similar to Bulletin 2637, but treating other selections. Single copies 10 cents ; in quantities of ten or more, 5 cents each.