FOREIGN PRESS REVIEW DAILY SURVEY OF WORLD COMMENT ON THE WAR OF INFORMATIONRECEIVED BY THE MINISTRYFROM TELEGRAPHIC REPORTSCOMPILED 27-14th February, 1940 No . NORWAY: "PIRACY IN LEGALISED FORM". Some of the strongest comment that has yet been made in the Norwegian Press during the present war has appeared in the influential Right Wing newspaper AFTENPCSTEN. at This paper yesterday quoted length from an article in the FRANKFURTER ZEITUNG, defending,by means of precedents, the Hamburg Prize Court proceedings in which the cargo from the Norwegian ship Korsnes was confiscated because the ship was forced into a belligerent harbour through stress of weather. "Never have such weak and artificial arguments for a court verdict appeared in print," declared the AFTENPOSTEN.. "There is not a shadow of evidence for the enemy destination in the case mentioned. They do not even trouble to give the verdict a veneer of logical reasoning. the words more less "One is tempted to use ’This is piracy in a or legalised form’. The Germans need the cargo but they let the ship free because in prevailing conditions it cannot be used in German interests." The NORGES HANDELS OG SJOFARTSTIDENDE printed an interview with a Norwegian Consul in which he said: "If I were a seaman, I would to say you at home, ’I won’t bring a cargo into Norway until you stop the traffic in iron ore from Narvik. ’ " The ARBERDERBLADET, the Labour Party organ,commenting on the seizure of Dr*R&usehning 1 s book in Sweden, wrote: "It is perhaps the direct references to Scandinavia's position, which have led the Swedish Govern­ment to seize the book. If, however, it happened as a result of pressure from abroad, we are faced“with a drastic interference in the freedom of expression in neutral countries. If it happened quite voluntarily, the Swedes have taken a course which lead to may dangerous consequences. TURKEY: NAZI PROPAGANDA WANING. The success of Nazi wireless propaganda has been declining ever since Germany marched into Czechoslovakia, This belief was expressed by the ULUS, the of the People’s Party, organ which stated: "The star of German propaganda has paled since the invasion of Czechoslovakia and has had an unproductive effect during the present and hostilities. The Nazis underestimate the intelligence comprehension of listeners," 14.2.40. to the Referring anniversary of Dr. Schuschnigg ‘s meeting with Herr Hitler in 1938, this paper declared: "Schuschnigg was the first victim of a teclinique which was later extended to Czechoslovakia and Poland. If the Polish foreign minister had proceeded to Berlin, he would have experienced the fate of Schuschnigg and Dr, Hacha„ It is strange that Germany holds responsible for the present hostilities those who opposed a already proved tragic for Austria manouvre against Poland, which had and Czechoslovakia." U°S.A.: IRONICAL COMMENT ON NAZI SCUTTLING, An ironical vein is adopted by the HEW YORK HERALD TRIBUNE in today, commenting the scuttling of the German freighter Wakama, on "Another Hitler sea triumph has been scored in the destruction of the Nazi vessel Wakama by her crew," states this paper* "This is the latest similar incidents in a series of showing a settled government inHey, When it is recalled that the Graf Spee flight and scuttling were hailed in Berlin as a victory, it would seem as if a strange change had come over Germany’s naval tradition. We doubt if the officers and men approve and are likely to continue indefinitely without emphatic protest," A review of internal conditions in Germany was given by the Berlin correspondent of the ST. LOUIS POST DISPATCH* This correspondent declared yesterday: "The severest weather in 11 years and the constant tightening of the Allied blockade have wrought perceptible changes in everyday sfivilian life in Germany in the last three months. The visiter finds, on returning to the Reich.after being away food and other than since last Novembei) that shortages are worse they were last autumn* Hundreds of thousands of people in Berlin alone are without adequate heat in their homes and places of business*” The ST. LOUIS GLOBE DEMOCRAT wrote; "The entire Nazi Press has opened up a propaganda campaign against Capitalism, How can the German people forget the battle against Communism? With rapt attention they listened to the speeches of the World War corporal who heaped condemnation upon - Russia. The Nazi Press has again demonstrated its versatility not to mention its inconsistency -by permitting itself to be Sovietised,, 11 that The INDIANAPOLIS STAS declared: "The announcements from England the third contingent of Canadians had been landed, more than offset on Allied and neutral propaganda sent from Berlin concerning raids shipping. Hitler’s agents would have the world baleive that U-boats, mines and short work of traffic on the high seas. bombing planes are making he would If Hitler were accomplishing anything like the success he claims, be able to stop troops from reaching England,, Hitler has no excuse for boasting of his prowess at sea. The Fuehrer contents himself, as Mr. Chamberlain said, with attacking fishing craft and defenceless merchantmen," In an article in the DETROIT FREE PRESS it was stated; "Despite the spectacular character of German winter operations against merchant shipping in British waters, it has been something of a losing game for German sailors and airmen.” 14.2.40. 3. FINLAND: .SCEPTICISM ON RUSSO-GERMAN AGREE ENT, A sceptical view of the Russo-German Trade Agreement was taken in yesterday’s HELSINGIN SANOMAT, the National Progressive organ. This paper wrote: "At least theoretically, Germany has avoided war on two fronts and secured a supply of raw materials. On paper, relations have been adjusted in Germany’s favour and unanimity reached. But the question of lively trade exchange is quite a an active and different matter. The average German merchant will state that 25 years is a mini­mum time before goods can be delivered from Russia to Germany." In a reference to Italian interests in the Balkans, the Agrarian newspaper ILKKA pointed out that the annexation of Albania meant the establishment of an Italian outpost in the Balkans and "if the European conflict increases, Italy may consider necessary the realisation of her anti-Bolshevik aims in the of way suiting her expansionist efforts," the The SOSIALI DEMOKRAATTI expressed pleasure with new system of paying Finnish soldiers, under which the ranks are paid a daily rate together with a mohthly salary in the same as manner officers. This paper, however, regarded the necessity for the slight reduction in the and pointed out that officers in the past pay ef officers and N.C.O*s, often kept only their daily pay and gave their monthly salary for national defence purposes. FRANCE; HELP FOR FINLAND URGED. The view of the French "man in the street" is that every possible help should be given to Finland in her fight against Russia, according to M.Leon Blum. not Writing in the POPULAIEE yesterday* M.Blum affirmed; "I do think I am mistaken in saying that public opinion in France is firmly convinced that Finland must be saved at all costs* No effort that is humanly save It is not yet realised hdw her* strong this feeling is because up to the present we have got used to the But possible must be spared in order to idea that Finland is resisting victoriously without outside help. if this miracle were to cease, if it were to be felt that Finland was abandoned to extreme peril through insufficient aid or aid that dame too would then I. am convinced that a wave of passion and anger sweep late, through the whole country." taken by M.Jean Fabry in the MATIN. A similar line was the full and "A favourable happening should always be exploited to what is happening in Finland can and must have consequences/’ tremendous he stated. "We must do everything to accentuate the Soviet failure. We must shore We must help Finland. directly in her effort. ,rV7e cannot say to khat this failure will lead. No-one can claim to measure its effects on Germany.” 4 14.2.40. HUNGARY: ROUMANIA’S ATTITUDE A DANGER? The attitude of Roumania to the present situation Balkan question and the were referred to prominently in yesterday’s Hungarian Press. Some comments were to the effect that Roumania’s attitude endingered peace in South-Eastern Europe and several newspapers cited Italian Press comments that Hungary would shortly begin intensive diplomatic activity. Rumours of Roumanian concessions to Bulgaria were not confirmed but there was some talk of a trans­formation of the Balkan Union into a military alliance. Some prominence was given to the conclusion of the German-Russian economic agreement and a section of the Press stressed the exchange of Russian raw materials for Nazi industrial products. Mr. Sumner Welles's European visit created considerable interest and the view of the Liberal organ PESTI HIRLAP was that the American diplomaiPs mission an war and would be concerned primarily with preventing expansion of the an extension of the This also stressed the determination of war area. paper Britain and France to insist on the fulfilment of their war aims. BELGIUM: DOMINION FORCES' ARRIVAL FEATURED. to the Considerable prominence has been given in the Belgian Press arrival of Australian and New Zealand troops. In this connection the STAMDA--RD, the Flemish Catholic newspaper,wrote yesterday: "This is the greatest force of troops hitherto transported over­seas, This force, constituting spearhead of Britain’s strategic reserves, the shov/s the determination of the Empire to continue the struggle. ” Commenting on Mr. Sumner Welles’s visit the GAZETTE DE CHARLEROI, the "There The first would demand from Britain and France recognition of a fait accompli and the second would demand from Germany her consent to a reconstruction of Europe on the basis of a status There is no reason to imagine the belligerents Ydll Liberal organ* stated: are two ways of conceiving peace. quo. explain their war aims before arms have spoken. If one of them can make a must who has pacific gesture it is of course Germany who do so since it is she broken the European equilibrium. " SWITZERLAND: MILD RECEPTION FOR U. S. MIS JON. The of Mr. Sumner Welles has been welcomed forthcoming visit to Europe one Roosevelt’s cautiously by the Swiss Press although journal thought Mr. reasons for the nrfesion were "obscure". DER BUND, the Radical Democratic organ, wrote yesterday: "We have no desire to under-estimate the action. It is in some degree a re-assurance when a Parties desires to promote peace powerful authority standing above through mediation. " "The American Government, like all good neutrals, has no intention of interfering in regard to the ¦belligerents’ war aims,” stated the TRIBUNE DIO GENEVE. "There is no doubt on whose side the U.S»A's sympathies lie, but the belligerents have made it clear that they do not antend to tolerate any attempt at mediation on this ground." 14.2.40. The Basle ZEITUNG affirmed: "The reasons for newspaper NATIONAL President Roosevelt's diplomatic offensive are obscure and it has cefctainly made a bad start. it has Why been undertaken can only be explained by internal political reasons, namely It is evidently the Presidential Election. intended to demonstrate Isolationists that Roosevelt plainly to Republicans and has done his utmost to re-establish European peace and keep America outside the " war. to the the NSUE ZUnRCiL-R. the Referring question of neutrality ZEITUNG* Radical Democratic organ, declared: "Swiss opinion has emphatically rejected double-dealing in the of neutrality. the German accusation of matter The Sv/iss Press is content to reject what is regarded as unwarranted interference in Sv/iss affairs." DENMARK: INTEREST IN DOMINION FORCES. The arrival of Dominion troops in Egypt has aroused considerable interest in the Danish Press, although a counter impression was made by the announcement of the German-Russian Trade in Agreement, Y/hich v/as ’’splashed” several neYrspapers. The BERLINGSKE the right-wing organ, published a German TIDENDE, official agency message stating that the Germans, while able to care for their own population welcomed the help of the International Red Cross for the Poles. YUGOSLAVIA: VIEW OF U. S. PRESIDENT'S POLICY. The visit of Sumner Welles the POLITIKA Mr. to Europe was compared by House Great War. yesterday with the mission of Colonel during the "It is too to assume in the early that America will participate war, but Mr. Roosevelt’s decision shows the determination of America not to disassociate herself in European affairs/' added this paper. "This alone is sufficient to ensure a world-wide welcome. " The affirmed that the Nazi Press would Berlin correspondent of this paper "soft pedal" on the German-Soviet Trade Agreement with the idea of making the Allies think that no real progress had been attained. The Semi-official VREEE forecast a Russo-Italian trade agreement on lines similar to the German-Soviet accord. SWEDEN: EXTENSION OF WAR AREA? East ’’The possibility that the theatre of war will be extended to the Near has been referred to in the Swedish Press. After.starting; that the New Zealand troops would be a valuable addition to the Allies1 Forces in the Near East the STOCKHOLMS TIDNINGEN, the Liberal organ, ’’Many observers Near East will become declared yesterday: expect that the a decisive battle-field, though against whom is an unanswerable question. be Perhaps the idea is only to exert pressure on States which might engulfed by the German tentacles.” 14.2.40. The ’’Certain old Communist friends n/w GOTEBORGS HORGENPOST stated: say that the raids on Communists should be extended to the Swedish Nazi Party. The Party changed its name six months ago to avoid the suspicion of German influence. The time has come to finish it." ITALY: HERR HITLER’S ASCETISM. The POPOLO DI ROMA, in a message from Berlin yesterday, gave a long account of of Dr. Goebbels' description of Herr Hitler's ascetism, and the advantages in v/ar-time of a Totalitarian regime. The also featured a that Germans had been same newspaper Berlin report massacred in Poland, and a Belgrade dispatch to this journal, citing the VREME, emphasised the cordiality of Hungaro-Yugoslav relations and the hopes of a Roumanian-Hungarian settlement through Yugoslav influence. This newspaper also cited the POLITIKA report from Berlin of possible German proposals for the improvement of Russo-Roumanian relations the arrival of Australian and New Dispatches from Cairo reporting Zealand troops were printed in several Italian papers, which took the view that the Dominion Forces would swell General Weygand’s contingents. BULGARIA:. "SOVIET NOT PLANFUG FINLAND'S DESTRUCTION". "The conviction is growing . . that the Soviet is not planning the destruction of Finland, but wishes to make her completely independent in the interests of the defence of Leningrad. " This statement was made in a Kaunas message to the Bulgarian newspaper ZARIA, and it was added: "The Soviet wishes to win over the Finnish nation to " the common cause. All the Bulgarian newspapers yesterday reported the arrival of Australian and New Zealand the entire Press to Moscow troops in Egypt and gave prominence and Berlin messages with regard to the signing of the Russo-German Trade Agreement. ROUMANIA: INOLiRaST IN U. S. MISSION. Keen interest in Mr. Sumner Welles' visit to is shown Europe in to-day's Roumanian Press, and the UNTVCRSUL under the signature of its Editor-in-Chief, M. Lugosanu, writes: "Welles' inquiry will be in made only the neutral countries and European belligerents, but not in Soviet Russia. This enquiry ha.s an informative character as the to present condition of and European neutrality, the probable future economic organisation at the end of the war. Sumner .lelles will try to find out how peace can be guaranteed in the future and. how eventually restorationcould be made within available vital space. American initiative to seems run parallel to the option taken by the Pope. It is more to the than to look upon it in a casual way. *’ worthy pay attention to initiative taken by President Roosevelt TIMPUL states: "Sumner Welles* visit has an unusual character. Probably no belligerent will give a precise answer and if the American envoy attemptsto mediate in the cessation of hostilities, the chances are that he will not succeed. But Mr. Sumner Welles* visit will strengthen the neutrality of " the neutral countries. 7 12.2.40. CURENTUL affirms; ’’American interests require strong solidarity with be well informed, in the interest of peace. The United States needs to Europe out of her iso] Mr. Sumner visit means that the United States is coining Welles’ ation. ” ARGENTINE: U.S. PEACE INITIATIVE WELCOMED. A number have of .Argentine newspapers approved the principle of Mr, Sumner Welles’ mission to Europe and LA FREnSA thought that the war might be brought to an end i£ the neutrals supported President Roosevelt’s peace effort. ACCION and EL DIA considered, that Hitlerism was an insuperable obstacle to peace, and other papers, including the influential LA NACION, thought that there was no to the prospect of peace owing incompatible positions of the belligerents, EL MUNDO stressed the purely informative nature of U. S the Mission, Referring to the execution of members of the I.R.A. LA ERANSA stated that the hanging-snas-a psychological error, but Britain could not have acted other­wise. LA NACION said that the bomb "one of the cru £3 and considered plot was that the illegal activities of the I, R.A. embarrassed the Irish Government who were desirous of a peaceful settlement. LA PREN3A the Italian reported increasing sympathy for the Allies among due the people, to the recognition of the justice of Allied cause and fprecabt­the possibility of 'ltjcly. eventually joining Britain and France. BRAZIL: REACTION TO U.S. MISSION, The announcement of hr. Sumner Welles’ visit to has not so far Europe met with a very favourable reception in the Brazilian Press, 0 JQRNAL affirmed yesterday that the only hope of success for the Mission was Germany’s acceptance of the terms of the September ultimatum. Ary other peace would stultify the moral reasons for which the Franco-British Governments - finally declared war to establish a new European order based on the principles of justuce and respect for weaker nations. - Air Mmlstx-y Bulletin. 14/2/40 No. 1. Not to be quoted as an Air Ministry Announcement. R.A.F. MAP THE ROUTE TO GERMANY. The aerial photographs of Germany now being published are a vivid reminder that since war was declared aircraft of the Bomber Command have visited key points in all parts of the Reich as well as the German Islands. They have surveyed the whole of the Siegfried Line, much of it closely. On these flights every man in the crew uses his eyes to aid in the selection of potential objectives for our bombers. The pilots become familiar with the lie of the land in every sort of weather. Sunlight and moonlight throw different shadows. Rain and snow may change the appearance of a place almost out of recognition. But Royal Air Force airmen have made their visits in all these varying circumstances and are now unlikely to go astray. They know the position of enemy aerodromes, and where to beware of anti-aircraft batteries and searchlights. All this information will he of great value when the time comes for our aircraft to make their way to their allotted objectives. Besides man, there is another enemy to he reckoned with on these flights. This is the weather. On a single flight one aircraft encountered first lightning and then a snowstorm. At 20,000 feet ice formed on the airscrews. The pilot took off his for a moment to glove adjust his controls and was frost-bitten. As the winter progressed, the threat from cold increased. There have "been instances of ice forming within an aircraft at 8,000 feet. At relatively low altitudes it is not uncommon for ice to form in masses the wings. on One aircraft, while on the way to Munich, had such an experience in cloud at covered the 1,000 feet. Ice completely /front 2 front windows of the cabin, and there was extensive ice formation on the main wings. Ice could be heard coming off the blades of the airscrews and striking the sides of the nose of the aircraft. Continuous movement of the controls was advisable to prevent them from freezing up. Some members of the crew were in such pain from frostbite that th;ey butted their hands on the floor and navigation table. Electrical storms are no less disconcerting. An aircraft flying through such a storm sets up what is knov/n as the "brushing discharge. ” It is outlined in a weird violet light. Every movement of the crew gives off sparks and a noise of crackling. It is in such conditions that our airmen collect information, photograph towns, fortresses, transport routes, and naval and other harbours and record landmarks for those who come after them. the to over At night enemy opposition the Royal Air Foroe Germany has heen in some ways ineffective* Their fighter air­ craft for instance, have repeatedly failed to intercept our night reconnaissance aircraft. But on occasion, fire from anti-aircraft enemy guns, working in close co-operation with many searchlights, has forced us to take evasive action. Anti-aircraft gunfire, however, varies in accuracy* The pilot aircraft that flew over Berlin reported that the of an defence organisation there must have heen hadly shaken. Hot a shot reached home, although it was obvious that every available to hear gun had heen brought on the visitor* For the most part the projectiles used in this case seemed to he experimental. Among the familiar ones generally used hy the enemy are the "flaming onions”, a string-of halls of fire shot into the of the aircraft, air in the presumed course in the hope of setting it on fire. There are also what a pilot described as ”incend£&ry shells." Whop/ 3 When they explode, these shells discharge large red balls of fire that can be seen the whole way up. They eventually disappear without bursting. Day reconnaissance is a very different matter. Though it is less handicapped by adverse weather, it is exposed to an enemy that oan see. The fact that our aircraft have been able to take photographs at low altitudes over enemy territory is proof of the crews 1 courage and enterprise and of their ability to make the most of the prevailing clouds to hide in. Though nearly all our aircraft have come under heavy fire over Germany, there have been remarkable exceptions. Instances are recorded where Royal Air Force aircraft photographing an enemy aerodrome have apparently gone unnoticed by German fighters ;just about to land. One British aircraft, flying alone over Germany, encountered three German fighters, all of which kept their distance and did not offer battle. Another Royal Air Force aircraft drove off three attacking enemy fighters yards. at about 200 These last At the German were exceptional cases. times, fighters may have seemed reluctant to meddle with intruders, but generally our bombers have to face determined resistance by enemy aircraft# that and of Every photograph appears every piece information brought back is a witness to many feats of endurance, patience and skill. AIR MINISTRY. WHITEH/JLL. S.W.I. - 14/2/40. No. 2. FRENCH'OFFICIAL COMMUNIQUE. (MORNING) The following official communique was issued this morning from French G.H.Q•­ LOCAL ARTILLERY ACTIONS. - 14/2/40 No. 3. Summary of a speech to be delivered by Sir Edward Grigg, M.P., Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Information, to the Altrincham Lunch Club on February 14# "A second phase of the war will soon begin," said Sir Edward Grigg* MoP«, Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Information, in a speech at Altrincham, to-day. Hitler might launch a great offensive, or he might hold his hand c If he took the would former course, the British people rise to the occasion, as they always had done in the past. Germany had the advantage of much longer preparation in time of peace and her stock of munitions was certainly very large, It would be significant indeed, if she failed to deliver a carefully prepared and massive blow. Paying a cordial tribute to Prance, Sir Edward declared that the British people could not show too warm a recognition of all that the French nation had done and suffered in the last five months, not could they be too grateful for the foresight of Prance’s soldiers when, more than ten years ago, they started the Maginot Line. Alluding to the Prime Minister 1 s distinction between war aims and peace aims., Sir Edward observed that the latter will of necessity remain but dreams until the war aiTO are realised. There could be no future but degradation and darkness for and for this Europe country, if the military power of Germany were not destroyed. Four things, he added, were needed for victory* They were a rapid expansion of our fighting services, already formidable though they be; a vastly increased output of munitions; strong national finances and a buoyant export trade* "We can all play our part," declared Sir Edward, "in one or other of these four branches of the national effort that has to be made* 2 "In particular, we can save, and we can bear a shortage of many things we normally enjoy, because we do not wish our ships and our seamen’s lives or our financial strength in foreign exchange to be wasted on the import of a single article which will not help us to win the war," While the Government was doing all it could by rationing, by pegging food prices and in other ways lessen hardships, it to was necessary to stress that hard times lay ahead. "But let us face them proudly for no of men has generation ever marched beneath a cleaner banner for a nobler goal," - 14/2/40 No.4. STATEMENT GIVEN TO AT CORRESPONDENTS MINISTRY OF ECONOMIC WARFARE ON 14th FEBRUARY at 3.0. p.m. On 13th February there were 20 neutral ships in the three Contraband Control bases in the United Kingdom, of which 14 had been there for 5 days or less. This total included:­ 10 Dutch (7 Dor 5 days or less) ""” »” 3 Belgian (2 ) uuu M n " *' M” 3 Swedish (1 ) 2 Danish (Both ) There were also 1 Italian ship and 1 Norwegian ship which had been detained under 5 days. During the week ending 10th February the Contraband Committee considered the cargoes of 123 ships which had arrived since from 3rd February and 32 outstanding cargoes the previous week. The combined total included ships of the following nationalities:­34 Dutch 32 Italian 30 Norwegian 13 Swedish 9 Greek 7 United States 6 Belgian In 97 cases entire cargoes were released, either on first consideration or after enquiries. The system under which advance copies of manifests of cargoes are received and considered before the ships’ arrival at ports in this country resulted, during the week under review, in 74 cases being so dealt with, and in 60 cases of the ships concerned being released by the Committee, subject merely to the formal checking of the original manifests on their arrival at the Control Bases. MINISTRY OP ECONOMIC WARFARE. - 14/2/40. No. 5 THAMES ESTUARY RAIDER WAS HIT. (Not to be quoted as an Air Ministry announcement.) The Command three R.A.F. Fighter pilots who dived 14?000 feet in pursuit of a Heinkel raider off the Thames Estuary last night believe that their enemy was brought down. They that their machine-gun bullets hit the Heinkel know and, in spite of rapidly failing light, they saw signs that he was disabled. "The Heinkel was definitely hit”, said one of them today. "His undercarriage was lowered half way down, and he was attempting to fly eastwards at cloud level. The rear gunner probably hit, no more fire was encountered. It is improbable that the enemy aircraft got home". was as AIR AFFAIRS. - 14/2/40 No.6. DEVELOPMENT OP BROADCASTING IN MALAYA. is wide scale the installation of radio receivers and public address at centres Malaya developing on a systems throughout the country, for the distribution of war news, food and commodity prices, etc. These are supplemented by public address vans in the country districts. Bulletins are broadcast in Malay, Tamil, Chinese and English. There has "been a marked rise since the beginning of the war in the number of broadcast listening station licences and is issued; a steady supply of receiving sets now available. There was an increase of nearly 2,500 licences issued during the second half of 1939? 17.722 - compared with 15.309 at the end of June EMPIRE AFFAIRS, - 14/2/40 No. 7. COMPORTS FOR THE NAVY The following is issued to the Press, by N aval Affairs, for such use as they may like to make of it* In spite of increasing difficulty and delay in obtaining supplies of knitting wool, the "Depot for Knitted Garments for the Royal Navy", 11A, West Halkin Street, 5.W.1., just has completed a record week of work o 95 bales containing 34,000 garments were dispatched to BUM* ships in 5 days. Since the Depot opened on October 26th, 1939? 209,658 garments have been received and distributed to 763 ships of all trawlers and types, from battleships to destroyers, submarines, mine-sweepers* This great effort is the result of the excellent is work which being done by the 1,6000 Registered Sub-Depots, and the many hundreds of gifts of knitted goods and of money which have been sent to the Depot by members of the public all over the country* The Admiralty has stated that still more seamen will he required for the Navy* It will therefore he necessary to provide still more garments, and the work cannot he allowed to lapse during the spring and summer Wool, when obtainable, c at the current is supplied hy the Depot to Registered Sub-Depots wholesale price* HAVAL AFFAIRS. - 14/2/40 No.8. 1S SOUTH AFRICA LARGE FOOD STOCKS. Latest official statistics issued in Pretoria show that the Union of South Africaf s food-stocks are far greater than a year ago. Millions of pounds of butter, cheese, meat and flour other commodities in store for local distri­ among are bution, or for export, mainly to the United Kingdom. Butter stocks at the end of December stood at 4,300,000. Ihs; cheese at 3,252,000 lbs; bacon and ham at 1,000,000. There were nearly 30,000,000 eggs in store, and large quantities of beef and mutton. EMPIRE AFFAIRS. - 14.2.40 No.l0. - WHEN BRITON MEETS GERMAN IN NEUTRAL CHILE The British and German colonies in neutral countries, who come into daily business contact with each other, are taking every precaution to treat each other with respect, and avoid any acts that might cause embarrassment to the Government of the country whose hospitality they are receiving* This careful decorum is mentioned by a British business man in Chile, where t.he German community is considerably larger than the British. However, he adds in a letter to Empire Affairs, it is interesting to. note what a large section of the Germans of Jewish repudiate the present Nazi regime. Many are extraction, but even the "Aryans" do not always see eye to eye with the Fuehrer at the present time. EMPIRE AFFAIRS, - 14/2/40 No 11. CANADIAN TROOPS MOURN LORD TWEEDSMUIR The Canadian troops in England have £pne into Service mourning for their late Commander-in-Chief, Lord Tweedsmuir, for seven days. Crape arm hands are being worn hy all officers and the flag at Divisional Headquarters flies at half-mast. Concerts, entertainments and sports events have "been cancelled for a week. Arrangements are being considered for a memorial service to "be held, either at Aldershot or in London, when Lord Tweedsmuir’ s hody is "brought home to Scotland. EMPIRE AFFAIRS, - 14/2/40 No.12. AUSTRALIA TELLS GERMANY THINGS TO WHICH CABSAR HAS NO TITLE. in hr. Archie Cameron, Leader of the Country Party Australia, in a broadcast from Australia today which it was hoped would reach German listeners, again emphasized that the Commonwealth is in the war heart and soul with Great Britain. wWe fight i: , he said, "not because we object to Caesar having his own, but because we believe that there are things to which Caesar has neither right nor title. :, In the last war", he told German listeners, your men met ours in France, Flanders, Gallipoli, Syria, Mesopotamia, at sea and in the air. You have chosen to meet us again. Bach knows the mettle of the other. Lie fight in this war. as in the Inst, not "because the Government orders us to fight, hut because we believe in the justice of the British cause. For this reason divisions crossed the sea in the World War; for this same reason others will follow them in this war; for this reason Australian seamen, airmen and soldiers will be found wherever a threat to British interests demands their presence. EMPIRE AFFAIRS. 14/2/40.No.13. IMPORT LICENSING DEPARTMENT Notice to Importers N0.41 With reference to Notice to dated Importers No. 35> 19th January, 1940, the Board of Trade announce that they have issued an Open General Licence extending to the 29th February, 1940, the period during which the importation of Mimosa and Paper-White Narcissi consigned from Prance will be permitted. Import Licensing Department, Board of Trade, 25> Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, London, W*Co2<, 14th February, 1940. - 14/2/40. No. 14. FOR PUBLICATION AFTER 9030 p.m. THIS (WEDNESDAY) EVENING, FEBRUARY 14. THE WAR AND THE PEACE: THE LABOUR PARTY’S DECLARATION OP POLICY HUGH DALTON, M P, o MEM. TO SUB-EDITORS: As this script is being issued in advance, it is necessary to check it against the broadcast this (Wednesday) evening at 9d5 Porn. in the 8.8.0. Home Service on 391 or 449 metreso Last wdek the National Executive of the Labour Party issued a Declaration on "Labour, the War and the Peace." This was reported pretty fully in most of the newspapers and extracts were given by the B. B.C So I daresay most of you either read O about or heard something it. To-night I am going to talk about that Declaration and to quote from it. My colleagues and I who drafted it believe it the will not of the British Labour Party, but of speaks only the British Nation. "The Labour Party", we declared, "unreservedly supports the Allied War to of resistance Nazi aggression because, though loathing war, it regards this war as a lesser evil than the slavery which in the last resort would be the only alternative. "A crisis came in 1939 when the simple choice in Europe lay between Liberty and Serfdom, Month by month, as Hitler advanced.? British liberty itself was intensified. the threat to It was high time, indeed it would soon have been too late, to make a firm and final stand against the tyranny.’' expanding Nasi We of the Labour Party have been very critical of British foreign policy since 19310 That year the late Arthur Henderson ceased to be Foreign SecretaryQ He had done splendid work for Peace. He had raised the influence of the League of Nations to the highest point it ever reached. He had won the confidence of the representatives of all nations* They had chosen him unanimously to be President of the World Disarmament Conference which was due to meet in 1932* Remember that in 1931 Hitler and the Nazis were not in power in Germany. Bruning was still Chancellor, a civilised man and a devout Roman Catholic. At that time the Germans had no Air Force Their Army and Navy o were both very small, Britain was secure then, both through our araments and through our friendships. Not only were we at we much much stronger than Germany sea : were stronger in the Air, We were on friendly terms with all nations, and we were working for a world-wide agreement to get 0 rid/ 2 - rid of all bombing aircraft everywhere. If we had pulled that off and there was a good chance of it what a different world it would - be today * After Arthur Henderson left the Foreign Office, things very soon began to go wrong.. How and why they went wrong, is too long a story for tonight. But a few years later we had to face a quite new situation in under Hitler’s rule, had The Germans, been ordered by the Nazi drill sergeants to turn their backs on freedom, and truth, and kindliness, and international brotherhood* Now they were goose-stepping back into the Dark Ages, down a road which ran between concentration and Torture Chambers, where camps day by day nameless outrages were inflicted on helpless victims* for the Germany, time being, had ceased to be a civilised country* Nor was this a matter which concerned Germans only. Nazi Germany was setting all her neighbours’ teeth on edge. had been allowed to outbuild us in the Air. Hitler, moreover, His Air Force was now much stronger than ours. We had neither disarmed by agreement, nor rearmed when he did. We had fallen be­ tween two stools. Britain was no longer secure, as in Arthur Henderson’s day. in this Some people country, chiefly wealthy people, were taken in by Hitlnr o The British Labour Party never were. We knew too much about-the Nazis, They had murdered personal friends of ours in German?, whom we used to meet at International Conferences in the old days. They had suppressed the Trade Unions and the Cooperative Societies and the Socialist Party, "Ye cannot gather grapes of thorns, nor figs of thistles,” Therefore, we were deeply suspicious of the repeated attempts at the so-called "appeasement" of Hitler* Munich, we thought, was a disgrace and a disaster, and we said so at the time* But now we are at and in last week's Declaration "the war, Labour Party calls upon the British people to contribute their utmost effort to the overthrow of the Hitler system in Germany,” Further, we are "convinced that the Allies ought not to enter into peace negotiations.? except with a German Government which has not merely promised, but actually -performed, certain acts of restitution. In view of the experience of recent years, no one can trust a Nazi Government honestly to perform such acts or to abstain from future aggression. Restitution must include freedom for the Polish and of for these Czechoslovak peoples, No promise independence peoples will suffice, unless accompanied by the withdrawal of the German forces and police,” "The Austrian people, must be left free to decide whether or not they wish to remain within the German Reich” and ”in the general re-arrangement after the War, the just and real interests of all the peoples must be respected, including those of the German people,” Arther Henderson always maintained that the key problem in Europe was to reconcile the French claim to security with the G-erman claim to eouality, He himself wished to give the most definite British guarantees to France, in order to win French consent to reasonable German demands. He could not get his way. /A few 3 A few weeks before his death, in October If;p, Arthur Henderson said sadly to a friend, :fThey wouldn’t take my way. But they will have to come hack to it after a waste and suffering .... that cannot he measured." Those were prophetic words. In last week's Declaration the Labour Party is loyal to Arthur Henderson’s memory and to his practical wisdom. "whatever else,” we say, ”may he contained in the Peace Treaty, this will assuredly not he the last War in Durope, unless, when this War succeed claim ends, we can in reconciling the French to to the Security with the German claim to Equality. In reply just claim of the French, the Labour Party answers, :i We share your deter­mination that this recurrent German menace, requiring these repeated mobilisations of the 7/hole manhood of France, shall not plague your next generation and ours, if our strength and foresight can prevent it. Henceforth, in resistance to any German aggression, our two peoples must he not merely allies for a hut brothers for all season, time. 5f In reply to the Germans, the Labour Party would say, "’We are opposed to any attempt from outside to break up Germany. V/e do not seek the humiliation or dismemberment of your country. We whole­heartedly desire to welcome you without delay into the peaceful collaboration of civilised nations. We must warn you, however, that Hitler and his He could not. started this War. continue it if you ceased Until this accursed Nazi system prepared and supporting him. if regime is overthrown, there is no hope of peace between us. But a you establish a Government sincerely willing that Germany shall be good neighbour and a good European, there shall be no humiliation nor revenge." To make in our Declaration the avoid all misunderstanding, we following brief reference to Russia: ‘'We had hoped that she would join with the Democracies for the . he collective organisation of peace and resistance sfco aggression.worked hard We the British to that end. condemned the clumsiness of Government in but, this its earlier relations with the Soviet Union; cannot excuse the on the eve Russian Government ’s Pact with the Nazis of the .Lar, jauch less its unprovoked attack on Finland in shameless . imitation of the Nazi technique in foreign policy. " only "the mental contortionists of the Communist Party,cheir hangers-on, can try to justify this act of staJLinist imperialism. Labour’s Peace Aims are clearly set forth in our Declaration, national Sovereignty must he held in check or it will land us in war again and again. Peace Settlement must or ne establish a new Association commonweal on ?7 n of States, the collective authority of which must tran­er .? proper sphere, the sovereign rights of separate States. 'CicnOiity must control such military and economic power as will 6 1C G ° enior,ce -i-trno peaceful behaviour between its members, and as e rpmiir>p^-a^^~roun(3-reduction of national armaments to the level Acquired xor che preservation of internal order. inter^ational disputes, wherever arising, and' of whotpwr. whatever sort, must be settled by peaceful means. 4 "The present close cooperation between the British Commonwealth, Prance, and their Allies in the political and economic spheres should be the nucleus of this wider Association, membership of which should be open and advantageous to all nations." demands In particular, "Labour that Colonial peoples everywhere should move forward, as speedily as possible, towards self-government. In the administration of Colonoes not yet ready for self-government, the interests of the native population should be paramount and should extension and be safeguarded through an strengthening of the Mandate system. There must be equal opportunity of access for all peaceful peoples to raw materials and markets in these Colonial territories. ”A new world order, which applies these principles, can only be securely founded on Socialism and Democracy. The necessary unity of purpose will be lacking if the peoples remain divided internally into two nations, sundered by wide differences of wealth, privilege, and opportunity. Lasting Peace depends on social justice within States, no less than on political justice between States. The necessary­ vigour and power of growth will be lacking if the individual citizen is treated as the slave of the State or is denied such freedom of opinion, speech, and faith as is compatible with the freedom of others. ”A very grave economic crisis will confront all nations at the conclusion of the Wan. In addition to national policies of reconstruction, therefore, there must be bold economic and financial planning on a world-wide scale* International public works, and also the comprehensive development of great colonial divided territories now between two or more Colonial Powers, as in Africa, must be undertaken through an International Authority with a budget and. powers far greater than the League of Nations ever had, "To aid in raising the standard, of living of workers in all lands, a new impetus must be given to the work of the International Labour Organisation "The ineffectiveness of the League, was partly due to the lack of conviction and sincerity of its leading member States, and partly to its comparative neglect of economic questions. We must learn the lessons of experience and build bettor next time, "The repeated aggressions of the last few years and the evasive neutralities in face of aggression, mark the breakdown, moral and material, of the old world order. The foundations of a new order must be laid now* and their "Victory must come to the arms of Britain, Prance, Allies: the Peace must be won for Humanity." BRITISH BROADCASTING CORPORATION - BOARD OF EDUCATION ANNOUNCEMENT. 14.2.40 No.15. NATIONAL YOUTH COMMITTEE & LORD DERBY’S SCHEME. The National Youth Committee met at the offices of the Board of Education yesterday (Wednesday) under the Chairmanship of Mr. Kenneth Lindsay. many matters considered was Lord Derby’s scheme Among for those unemployed between the ages' of 16 and 20, The Committee did not favour a scheme of labour camps and agreed that a better way of meeting the problem was by developing existing opportunities for occupation and encouraging new ones. The Committee considered particularly the possibilities of agricultural and forestry work, an extension of the Y.M.C.A. hostel scheme, run jointly by the Ministry of Agriculture and the Board of Education; industrial and commercial apprenticeships, special mention being made sponsored by of the scheme and Sir Woodman Burbidge, the Dunlop Rubber Company Messrs, Thornycroft; courses at Technical Colleges and Universities and social work in clubs and centres for young-people, They agreed that fullest possible publicity should be given by Government Departments, Local Education Authorities, private firms and schools to the various openings which exist or which in the future may be developed in these directions. They passed a strong resolution in favour of the resumption of Civil Service Examinations and also were strongly in favour of the restoration of all Advisory work in connection with Juveniles. The Committee commended the growth of Youth Recreation Centres which are extending throughout the country and some of which have already been given financial assistance. They were also impressed by the need for more leaders and-agreed to set up a committee to advise on recruitment and training. The Committee considered the need for hostels and clubs for to young workers, owing the war-time expansion of industry and the establishment of new industrial centres. Encouraging reports were given from Local Education Authorities of the formation of Youth Committees. a Mr. Kenneth Lindsay will next week made Midland Tour speaking at Stoke on Monday, Wolverhampton on Tuesday and on Wednesday he will address at Birmingham a large gathering of Education Authorities and Voluntary Bodies drawn from the Birmingham, Warwickshire, Worcestershire, Coventry and surrounding country. 14.2.40. No.16. C.5. GENERAL AND TRAP'S PRESS NOTICE Preference System for Government and Export Orders in the Cotton Industry. With a view to expediting the production and delivery of cotton goods to meet Government requirements and export orders, a system of preference Directions is to be brought into operation on Monday, the 19th February, under the Control of the Cotton Industry (N0.4) Order, which is issued today. The Order the Minister of Supply to issue empowers directions to producers and distributors in the cotton industry to give preference to the production and delivery of goods which they have agreed to produce and deliver under contracts made with Government Departments or for other approved purposes, notwithstanding obligations to which they may subject under issued; be contracts for which no directions have been for example, orders for the home trade. It is proposed to use the powers under the Order to ensure, so far as possible, the prompt carrying out of existing contracts or contracts which firms may accept in future for Government requirements and for export trade. "Directions" may be given that work under a contract of either kind shall have preference may over other work so far as be and necessary for its due performance subjectto the delivery of material or performance of any work by any other person. Preference directions will be issued by the Cotton Controller on behalf of the Minister of Supply. They will be in two categories, the first Class "A" being those to be issued in respect - - of Government requirements. Government contractors are being instructed by the Departments concerned to inform the Cotton Controller of the number of Government contracts they hold for cotton goods; the Controller will then forward to them a each contract. form for completion in respect of Directions in respect of export orders will be in Class "B" and will rank after directions given for Government orders. The new preference system will not interfere with the normal trade procedure in placing orders for export; it is intended to assist in the execution of such orders booked in the customary way between merchants and manufacturers and manufacturers and has an order spinners. The exporter who placed for cotton goods, whether before or after the introduction of the scheme, will be able to apply for preference directions to be issued to his suppliers with a view to facilitating prompt delivery. be Export applications can submitted by export houses in the cotton industry, and also by firms in other trades (e.g. the hosiery trade) who have placed contracts for yarn or other cotton materials required for export orders. It is proposed that export applications should be submitted through the federation of British Industries and the Chambers of Commerce in textile centres. The federation of British Industries and the principal Chambers of Commerce have already agreed to assist in the operation of the scheme; they will supply application forms to the exporters on request and will subsequently certify the completed forms. In this way it is hoped to avoid the delay and expense which might otherwise be involved if all applications had to go to the Cotton Control in the first instance. The organisations concerned have undertaken this duty as part of their service to the trading community, and exporters will benefit from the fact that in this way it will be possible to reduce formalities to a minimum. A list of approved 1. certifying authorities may be obtained on application to the Cotton Control (Preference department), 3 Albert Street, Manchester, 3. The Order wholesalers and also provides that merchants, others who buy direct from cotton spinners or manufacturers shall, the Minister of upon notice being given to them individually by Supply, furnish such information in regard to their stocks and purchases of cotton products as may be required. Ministry of Supply, The Adelphi, W.C.2* 14th February, 194O. The War Office, London, S.W.I. 14th February, 1940. The War Office desires to draw the attention of the relatives of officers and soldiers of the British Lxpeditionary Force to the following matters in connection with the special telegrajoh service for private messages of an urgent' nature which was made available from February 9th, 1940, as announced by the Post Master General House of Commons in the on February 7th, 1940. 1. This service should NOT be used when it is desired that officers and soldiers be granted leave from the B*E.F. on compassionate grounds, but telegrams preferring such requests should continue to be sent to The War Office (A.G*4a) Romney House, Marsham Street, London, S.W.l* and should give full details of the officer or soldier, the address to which he is asked to return and the address of the sender of the telegram, ’.'here this is different* 2* Telegrams conveying a personal message and signed by a Christian name only should NOT be sent to the War Office, as no action can be taken in such cases beyond forwarding them b:y post* The War Office, London, S.W.l* 14th February, 1940. U BOAT PRISONERS OF WAR. The men are war following officers and prisoners of in this country HUTTEL Leutnant JACOBI Bootsmannsmaat MIKS Mas'chinenmaat MENZEL Mechanikersmaat RADEK Maschinengefreiter FORGER Maschinengefreiter STEINERT Matrosengefreiter PETZOLD Funkgefreiter 14.2.40 -No. 19. INDIA’S WAR CONTRIBUTIONS. Specific war contributions in money and kind continue to reach His Excellency the Viceroy from all classes of Indian society. The wide range is illustrated by the following appear contributions which in the latest list received from India: His Highness the Maharaja of Bhavnagar:-Two lakhs of rupees the workshops of Bhavnagar State Railway for the and manufacture of munitions and other articles useful in the prosecution of the war; His Highness the Maharaja of Rewa:-Pood and agricultural produce valued at one lakh for the Defence of India Service or for export. His Highness the Maharaja of Dewas (Senior):-An ambulance unit with 32 stretcher bearers, an Indian officer and a sub-assistant surgeon; The Nawab of Kurwai:-R5.2,500.2,500 for the aid of British wounded; His Higness the Maharaja of Cochin:-One lakh of rupees and R5.2,000 each to the Indian Red Cross and St. Dunstan's Hostel; His Highness the Maharawal of Jaisalmers-R5.5,000 for the War Department and Rs. 1,000 each to the Indian Red Cross and St. Dunstan's Hostel. His Highness the Maharaja of Bikaner:-In addition to previous donations, 1,000 maunds (80,000 lb) of babul tree bark for munitions; The Mir of Hunza (on the road from Kashmir to Turkestan):-R5.2,000; A Sikh living in Teheran, R5.6,666;.6,666; Mohammed Elias Khan, living in the Netherlands, Rs=42; Mr. P. Chacko Pothan, a second consignment of 500 lb. of tea for the troops. 2 There are a large number of recurring contributions from one while several sums from humble donors rupee monthly upwards, are earmarked for the aid of British wounded. The approximate totals now stand at Rs.so lakhs lakhs non-recurring and R5.34 recurring. INDIA OFFICE. - 14/2/40 No 20. A CHIN CHIEF’S WAR GIFT. Pum Za Maug, Chief of the Kamhau Tribal Area in offered the to the the Chin Hills, has sum of Rs. 500 British Government as a war contribution. This spontaneous gift, keen gratefully which has accepted on behalf of His Majesty’s Government, represents a substantial amount for a Chief of the Chin Hills to contribute. The Chief’s father, How Chin Koop, also a donation during the last Great War. gave BURMA OFFICE. - 14/2/40 No. 21. THE LATE LORD TWEEDSMUIR. The Prime Minister of Canada has to-day sent the following message to the Secretary of State for Dominion Affairs in reply to his message conveying sympathy of the United Kingdom the Government at the death of Lord Tweedsmuir "Please accept my warmest thanks on behalf of the Canadian Government and people for your telegram in which you record the deep regret of His Majesty'* s Government of the United Kingdom at the passing Excellency Lord Tweedsmuir, of His and its desire to be associated with us in our national sorrow* "By his broad humanity, his great gifts, his high conception of office, his devotion to duty, his unsparing dedication of himself to the service of Canada, his wide knowledge of our country and its people, Lord Tweedsmuir had endeared himself to all classes of Ganadianso His passing is regarded as a personal loss in thousands of homes in this land* The telegrams of sympathy which have reached us from all parts of the world bear witness to the affection, regard and admiration which his character, and the labours of his life, won for him among men of many races* '‘Everything that he did and said "brought honour to the country of his birth and the country of his adoption. His presence amongst us made our people proudly happy, and the example of his life will remain as an abiding memory in this land which he loved so much and served so well". EMPIRE AFFAIRS. - 14/2/40 No 22. FRENCH OFFICIAL COMMUNIQUE IEVENING) . Paris-, Wednesday. February Ik, IphO, The following official communique was issued this evening from French G.H.Q:­ "An enemy paid failed to the West of the Saar. German S,A cargo has been captured and taken into a French Port.” AIR MINISTRY BULLETIN. 14.2.40 -No.23. (NOT TO BE QUOTED AS AM AIR MINISTRY ANNOUNCEMENT). CIVIL PILOTS TO FERRY R.A.P. AIRCRAFT. The first all-civil ferry pilots pool is opening tomorrow (Thursday), Its personnel will consist of 40 pilots after four months’ of the Air Transport Auxiliary who, attachment to R.A.P. units to learn the work are now forming a first civilian ferry organisation for dealing with all types of R.A.P. aircraft. The Air Transport Auxiliary was formed just before the present war by British Airways Ltd. It was felt that had R.A.P. pilots who special training and qualifications for particular R.A.P. tasks should not be employed longer than was necessary on the work of ferrying aircraft from contractors’ works to their R.A.P. destinations. Experienced pilots who were too old or otherwise unfit to qualify for the R.A.F. might still, it was felt, be of work. a valuable source supnly for non-operational Forty nilots were accordingly signed on, the requirements being a certain standard of experience, a good record, and unfitness for the R.A.F. for physical reasons or because of age. Private owners from the Civil Air Guard and the various flying clubs, well known amateurs who have toured Europe in their private aircraft before the war, professional men of of all been taken on and are doing very well. Lieut. Col. Sir all sorts, including some the older professional pilots hove Francis Shelmerdine, Director-General of Civil Aviation, who has taken a keen interest in this experimental use of the "owner-pilot class”,' represented to the Air Ministry that if the men proved able to fly modern military aircraft, their navigational and bad weather experience should make them very useful for ferrying aeroplanes where they were needed. A number to the of A.T.A. nilots were therefore sent R.A.F. Central Flying School for ’'conversion” to modern service types. In due course, all were passed through, some for single-engined types and others for all types. They were then attached to existing ferry poolswhere for the past four months they have been flying fighters,bombers, reconnaissance and training craft over many -carts of England and Scotland. In other words they have been in training in the R.A.F. where the helpfulness and generous attitude to the ’amateurs’ - many of them veterans of the last war have been warmlyappreciated by the A.T.A. When the success of the scheme became assured, a womens section was started to ferry light machines, as has already been announced. Both the work itself and the A.T.A. share of it is expanding rapidly and the original forty pilots, no longersufficient, are being added to by new recruitment. AIR AFFAIRS. - l4/2/40 No.24. OFFICIAL ADMIRALTY COMMUNIQUE. Since the sinking of the two U-boats by one British destroyer was announced on the 9th of February, 3 large British merchant ships, namely SS. G-RETAFIELD 10,191 tons, S.S. BRITISH TRIUMPH 8,501 tons and S.S. SULTAN STAR 12,306 tons, have been sunk, but 2 of the U-boats concerned have also been destroyed. In the case of the sinking of the SULTAN STAR, the U-boat only survived her victim half an hour.