THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS BULLETIN Ne>. 3630: August 8, 1936 THE LATIN LEAFLET Issued by the Department of Classical Languages in the interest of Latin teaching in the high schools of Texas Ernestine F. Leon, Editor W. J. Battle, Ruby Terrill Lomax, H. J. Leon, Associate Editors Number 30 TOURNAMENT NUMBER FOR 1936-1937 Price Ten Cents _ _ _ _ In 1oh 0, i:en or more 5tenk a CO\W PUBLISHED BY THE UNIVERSITY FOUR TIMES A MONTH AND ENTERED AS SECOND·CLASS MATTER AT THE POSTOFFICE AT AUSTIN, TEXAS, UNDER THE ACT OF AUGUST 24, 1912 The benefits of education and of useful knowledge, generally diffused through a community, are essential to the preservation of a free govern­ment. Sam Houston Cultivated mind is the guardian genius of Democracy, and w h i l e guided and contN>lled by virtue, the noblest attribute c.f man. It is the only dictator that freemen acknowl­edge and the only security which free­men desire. Mirabeau B. Lamar THE LATIN LEAFLET Number 30 TOURNAMENT NUMBER FOR 1936-1937 Mercuri, facunde nepos Atlantis, Qui feros cultus hominum recentum Voce formasti catus et decorae More palaestrae . ... HORACE. For the last quarter of a century school authorities have been so busy with the second of the elements of civilization as given by Horace in the passage quoted above, namely athletics and the success of the school team, that the importance of exact expression and comprehension of ideas through speech has been kept in the background. Now educators conclude that "the proper study of mankind is man." Social studies are to be stressed. Yet an understanding of social relations must be based on correct discrimina­ tion in the understanding and use of language. The exact comprehension of grammatical structure and the weighing of ideas in whatever is heard or read is a desirable objective. The process of translation from one language to another requires a particularly careful evaluation of the passage considered. The study of Latin has as much value in this respect as that of any other language. It presents also the history and institutions of a people enough like the men of the present to make comparisons pertinent. Likewise the ancients are far enough removed in time from present-day groups to make any charge of propaganda un­founded. The task of the Latin teacher is now more difficult than before; for drill in exactness must be retained with the addition of greater attention to social and historical problems. The additional effort is worth while if the teacher is convinced of the value of the subject. Those who feel themselves partisans of a losing cause can not teach with enthusiasm. As a matter of fact we must realize that there are more subjects in the curriculum today as there are more fields of endeavor in modern life. Whether we approve of it or not, there is now a growing tendency to have a two-year Latin course as a fundamental, with advanced work for those students only who show aptitude in the fields of language and literature, even as others should be directed to mechanical, scientific or ot.her studies. THE CENTENNIAL With the Texas Centennial in progress it is interesting to compare a hundred years of civilization in Texas with over 2650 years since the tra­ditional date of the founding of Rome and to stress the progress of civiliza­tion in humanitarianism as well as in mechanical advancement. We may well hope for an acceleration in the development of the finer side of humanity in the next hundred years. CURRICULUM REVISION. The committee on curriculum production in the division of foreign lan­guages will send its report on the teaching of Latin to all teachers of Latin in the State early in November. Teachers who do not receive this report should make inquiries of their superintendents. This report contains some excellent units of work for each year, but because of its early appearance we do not print them here. The tentative content outline is very similar to the material which has been covered in each term by tournament contestants. LATIN IN TEXAS We are constantly hearing that Latin is rapidlY: passing out of th~curf riculum in Texas. The following statistics, compiled f~om the repo s o the State Department of Education, indicate that while there has :;een some loss of ground, the recession is not nearly so great as many ave supposed. . d d · th t bl Only units accredited with the State Department are mclu e m e a e. There are some non-accredited schools offering Latin, but no figures are available Texas High Schools Accredited in Foreign Languagei 1929 19351932 ,___ Latin, 2 units 210177 208 Latin, 3 units 55101 79 . Latin, 4 units 81 7188 Total of schools accredited in Latin 366 368 336 Spanish, 2 units 423 554 715 Spanish, 3 units 137 132130 Spanish, 4 units 18 20 18 Total of schools accredited in Spanish 571 711 865 French, 2 units 14 20 21 French, 3 units 20 18 16 French, 4 units 2 2 3 Total of schools accredited in French 36 40 40 German, 2 units 17 21 5 German, 3 units 58 6 German, 4 units 0 0 0 - - Total of schools accredited in German 22 2713 Czech, 2 units 1 70 - Czech, 3 units 10 0 - Total of schools accredited in Czech 1 80 Italian, 2 units 100 1Based upon figures assembled by Miss Ida Gandler, University of Texas student. - While Spanish is, for obvious reasons, taught far more in this State than any other foreign language, Latin is a very fair second, and there is no close third. Within the six-year period included in the table, there has been a net loss of thirty accredited schools in Latin. A study of the individual schools shows that while over fifty schools dropped Latin entirely, the subject was added by more than twenty schools which had no Latin credits in 1929. It will be noted that while there has been a severe drop in three-unit Latin schools, .the four-unit schools have held up reasonably well in the face of the depression. There has been an increase in two-unit offerings, chiefly because of the decrease in many cases from three units to two. This trend toward a two-unit language course is evident also in Spanish, where there has been a large increase in two-unit schools, whils the three-unit and four­unit schools have remained stationary. It is noteworthy also that there are far more schools offering four units of Latin than four units of any other language. It may be significant that of the 217 schools listed as members of the Southern Association of Colleges and Secondary Schools, which includes only the schools of the highest standards, 150 (about 70% ) are accredited in Latin. On the other hand, not quite 30 per cent of all the accredited schools have Latin credits. It appears, accordingly, that a very large majority of the best schools in the State are offering Latin. While the record presented here is not especially encouraging, it seems at least to indicate that the pessimistic attitude manifested by many of our Latin teachers is not justified by the actual facts. EDNA McELROY On May 16, 1936, the teaching profession suffered a serious loss in the death of Miss Edna McElroy, of Waco. Miss McElroy was an active member of the Classical Association of the Middle West and South, the American Classical League, the Classical Association of Texas, the N.E.A., the T.S.T.A., the Texas Classroom Teachers Association, the Waco Class­room Teachers Association, and of Delta Kappa Gamma. In her passing Texas lost a valuable worker, her community a faithful servant, her fellow teachers a loyal friend, and her pupils a devoted, unselfish guide. No more eloquent tribute could be paid than the spontaneous comment of all who knew her : "She never shirked a duty no matter how laborious." "She was never too busy to visit and cheer the sick and the unfortunate." "She eagerly supported the undertakings of her church and her profession." "There has never been a more faithful worker on our faculty." "Her ambi­tion. to excel would not permit her to slight any task, but drove her to do everything attempted in the best possible way." Miss McElroy's pupils and associates will not cease to miss her advice in difficulties, her active support in all their undertakings, and the inspiration of her unswerving loyalty. MARIAN C. BUTLER. THE TEXAS LATIN TOURNAMENT FOR 1936-1937 UNDER THE AUSPICES OF THE TEXAS CLASSICAL ASSOCIATION OFFICERS President, Dr. H. J. Leon, The University of Texas First Vice-President, Mrs. A. J. Clopton, Dallas Second Vice-President, Miss Laura Wallace, Mineral Wells Secretary-Treasurer, Miss Elor Osborn, Waco Leaflet Committee Ernestine F. Leon, W. J. Battle, Ruby Terrill Lomax, H. J. Leon Latin Tournament Committee Dora Flack, Dallas, Chairman; Dr. W. J. Battle, The University of Texas, Austin; Mrs. Marian C. Butler, Waco; Mary Bourne, Tyler; Myrtillie Bradfield, Dallas; J. N. Brown, North Texas State Teachers College, Denton; Mrs. A. J. Clopton, Dallas; Margaret Cotham, Brenham; Annie Forsgard, Waco; W.W. Freeman, East Texas State Teachers College, Commerce; Allene Gray, Cleburne; Helen Hill, Austin; Dr. H. J. Leon, The University of Texas, Austin; Mrs. Ruby Terrill Lomax, The University of Texas, Austin; Mattie B. McLeod, Kingsville; Sue B. Mann, State Depart­ment of Education, Austin; Lourania Miller, Dallas; Dr. D. A. Penick, The University of Texas, Austin; Myrtle Trantham, Abilene. Present at the April Meeting Dora _Flack, Chairman, Dallas; J. N. Brown, Denton; Annie Forsgard, Waco; Inez Strong, Quanah; Mrs. H. J. Leon, Austin; H. J. Leon, Austin; Mrs. A. J . Clopton, Dallas; Laura Wallace, Mineral Wells; Lavinia Rawlins, Dallas; Margaret Cotham, Brenham; Mrs. Marian C. Butler, Waco; Edna McElroy, Waco; Elor Osborn, Waco; Allene Gray, Cleburne; William J. Battle, Austin; Ruby Terrill Lomax, Austin; Lourania Miller, Dallas; Myrtillie Bradfield, Dallas; Mary Bourne, Tyler; S. D. Atkins, Baylor Uni­versity, Waco. TEXAS LATIN TOURNAMENT 1936 1935 1936 Essays, --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------133 116 Contestants ----------------------------------------------------------------------------452 430 Teachers Attending________________________________________________________________ 116 112 Banquets ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------1200 976 Schools -----------------------------------------------------------------------------,,_______ 96 98 CONTEST WINNERS January Beginners 1. Rosalie Sampson_______ _________99.6 A. S. Johnston, Houston 2. Tommy Obenchain_____________ 98.2 Highland Park, Dallas 3. George Connortey___ __________96.5 Reagan Jr., Temple First Year 1. Mercedes Trevifio_ ________ ___ 99.3 Eagle Pass 2. P. D. Williams___________________99.0 Sunset, Dallas 3. Dorothy Colquitt________________95.9 Mary Immaculate, Wichita Falls Third Term 1. Marie Koepche ____________________94.0 Highland Park, Dallas 2. Latham Harle________ __________92.5 Port Arthur 3. Dorothy Martin____ _____________87.9 Waco Second Year 1. Carlos Trevifio_ _______ __ _____94.0 Eagle Pass 2. Charlotte Dunaway____________93.3 Temple 3. Billy Clark.________________ __________92.9 Lubbock Third Year 1. Richard Abernathy___ ________86.7 North Dallas, Dallas 2. Grace Elizabeth Wilson___ 84.1 Waco 3. Etta Mae McDonald__________Sl.3 John Reagan, Houston Fourth Year 1. Walter Long_____________ __________87.3 Austin 2. Evelyn Vernon____________________85.4 Bonham 3. Mollie Simons.____________ ________79.6 Tyler ESSAY WINNERS First Year 1. Johnnie Fay Rogers, Cleburne 2. Gloria Boswell, Buchanan Jr., Amarillo 3. Jocaneil Crawford, Incarnate Word, Houston Second Year 1. Eleanor Ann Van Zandt, Victoria 2. Adele Buder, Sunset, Dallas 3. Betty Shiyork, Pampa THE LATIN LEAFLET Tkird Year 1. Charline Cole, Texarkana 2. Elizabeth Kincaid, Bonham 3. Etta Mae McDonald, John Reagan, Houston Fourtk Y ear 1. Emma Clare Jones, Waco 2. Grace Casey, St. Anthony's, Beaumont 3. Nina McCabe, Forest Ave., Dallas FINANCIAL REPORT TO LATIN TOURNAMENT COMMITTEE Receipts: Registrations, 98 at $3---------------------------------------------------------------------------$294.00 Refund on prizes___________________________ _____________________________________________________ __ 101.80 Classical Assn. Middle West and South for typed list________________ __ .60 Recd. from Marshall for bulletin_____________________________________________________ .10 Balance from previous year______________________________ __________ _________ _ _____________ 58.23 TotaL_____________________________________ _______________________________________ __ ________________...$454.73 Disbursements: Printing and mimeographing_________________________________________________________________.$ 21.90 Secretary ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1.00 Questions --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------25.74 Prizes --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------112.70 Refund to Kilgore__________________________________________________________ _______________________ _ .50 Ribbon --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1.45 Refund to Marshall__________ __ _____________ __ _ _________________________________________________ .10 State medals_ _ ____ .. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------46.89 Stamps and cards____________________________________ __ ______________________________________________ 28.70 Gift to Chairman_ _ ___________ __________________________ ___ __ __ _ __ __________ _ _____________ __ __ 150.00 Total. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------$388.98 $454.73 388.98 $ 65.75 Amount on hand. Examined and found correct: MYRTLE E. CLOPTON, LOURANIA MILLER. July 17, 1936. MINUTES OF COMMI'ITEE MEETING Meeting was called to order by the Chairman, who reported that attendance at the Tournaments fell off slightly because of illness, but that there was an increase in the number of schools participating. Reports from those who attended at different centers. It was moved and seconded that the Tournament be continued and held on Saturday. The motion carried. The Chairman read the financial report for the year. Districts reported : 1. That questions be simpler. Letters were read to this point. Several talked on the subject. It was moved, seconded, and carried that the third term be retained but that content and questions be simplified. 2. Eliminate coaching. Simplified questions may be an answer. Restate rule about no award for a grade under 70. It was moved, seconded, passed that the compromise suggestion in regard to prepared passages and sight translation be adopted, the selection of material to be left to the committee on content. 3. More background for first two years? Left to committee on content. 4. More time for grading, later banquet. Local problem. THE LATIN LEAFLET 5. Can fee for Junior Schools be reduced? No. 6. Can boundaries be extended to give larger district? This is to be left to Miss Flack. 7. Shall we or shall we not enter the Interscholastic League? In statu quo. State in Leaflet that any essay not in the child's handwriting, also any essay copied directly from a book will be automatically thrown out. State medals will be given as usual. It was moved, seconded, passed that the group thank the local committee for the excellent luncheon. It was moved, seconded, passed that the committee express thanks to Miss Flack for her excellent work and geniality during the year and the usual honorarium of $150 with regrets that it can not be more commensurate with the amount of work involved. Miss Flack was unanimously elected director of the Tournament for next year and Mrs. Butler as secretary for the annual meeting. MARIAN C. BUTLER. Waco, April 18, 1936. CENTERS AND CHAIRMEN FOR 1937 1. Shamrock_____ ---------------------------------------------------Miss Lucile Zeigler 2. Gainesville_______ ____ __ __ ___________ __ _________________ _ _Layuna Hicks 3. Midland_ ________________________ ____________ __________Ina Mae Vaught 4. A. S. Johnston Jr. High, Houston_______________________Rona Collier 5. Eagle Pass_____________ __ _ _ ________________________Geraldine Jopling 6. Cleburne____________ ______ ________ ___________________________ _________Allene Gray 7. Wills Point___________________________________________________Mrs. T. K. Provence 8. Seymour.._______________________ ________________________________________Lucy Moore GENERAL DIRECTIONS FOR TEACHERS 1. In 1937 there will be contests in six divisions: First year (September Beginners); January Beginners; Third Term (open to pupils who at the time of the contest are taking their third term of Latin, that is, those who are doing the first half of the second year work); Second Year; Third Year; Fourth Year. 2. Each school is allowed two representatives for each Division. These shall be the two who make the highest grades in a Preliminary Contest to be held not more than two weeks before the date of the District Contest. 3. Third-term pupils may not contest with first-term pupils. 4. No senior shall take part in a first-year contest. 5. No pupil taking third-year Latin in the latter half of his fourth year of Latin study shall take part in a third-year contest. 6. No examination shall extend beyond three and one-half hours. 7. Every possible effort shall be made to have grading done fairly. No change in grades may be made after results are announced. 8. Graders may be had from The University of Texas for their expenses. 9. Except those in charge, nobody, not even visiting teachers, shall be admitted to the room where graders are at work. 10. After the contest is over, papers shall not be turned over to contestants or anybody else, but all except the winning papers shall be destroyed. 11. All parts of winning papers shall be fastened together so that noth­ing be lost. 12. No paper with a grade under 70 shall receive an award. 13. As soon as possible after the District Contest the winning papers shall be sent to Miss Dora Flack, Technical High School, or 4022 McKinney, Apt. 6, Dallas, in order to determine the State winner. 14. To defray the general expenses of the tournament each contestant's school shall pay a Registration Fee of three dollars. This Registration Fee and requests for information on any tournament question should be sent to Miss Dora Flack, Technical High School, Dallas. It will greatly aid the tour­nament management if schools will register early. The form given below should be copied. 15. On the day of the District Contest each pupil registering must pay an individual fee of one dollar to help meet the expenses of the District Contest. 16. To lighten the expenses of the entertaining center each contestant will pay for his own lunch. In most cases lunch may be had at a low cost from the school cafeteria of the center. 17. Each school must send its representative to the nearest center unless special permission is granted for a change. This rule is intended to protect the entertaining center from being asked to house contestants for more than one night. 18. For the essay prizes one essay may be submitted by each contesting school for first, second, third, and fourth year under the following conditions: a. Contestants may do as much reading and study as desired previous to the day of the Local Essay Contest, but the essay must be written in the pupil's own hand in the presence of the teacher without help from anybody. This original manuscript is to be submitted without correction or revision. b. Before the time of the Local Essay Contest the pupil may prepare his bibliography and a brief outline (without subdivisions, that is, main topics, not complete sentences). c. No essay may be less than five hundred or more than one thousand words in length. d. Essays must be written on one side of the paper only. e. An assumed n;tme is to be written at the top of each page. Neither the name of the pupil nor the name of the school is to appear on the paper. f. Essays are to be sent to Miss Dora Flack, Technical High School, Dallas, with keys to assumed names and must be in her hands not later than March 1, 1937. g. A student may enter the Essay Contest regardless of whether he repre­sents the school in the Latin Contest. h. The essay subjects for 1935-1936 are as follows: ESSAY SUBJECTS 1937 First Year: 1. A Roman's Tool Box. 2. Some Interesting Word Histories. 3. The Roman Baths. 4. New Ideas of Language Since My Study of Latin. Second, Year: 1. The Roman Catacombs. 2. A Character Study of Vercingetorix. 3. The Pontine Marshes (the story, the legends, the redemption). 4. Great European Cities of Roman Foundation. Third Year: 1. The Agrarian Question in Ancient Italy. 2. Roman Rule in Africa. 3. The Roman Senate; a Comparison with the Senate of the United States. 4. A Character Study of Mithridates. Fourth Year: 1. Troy of Old and Troy of Today. 2. Oracles of Apollo. 3. Greek and Roman Art as Seen through the Aeneid. 4. Metrical translation of: 25 lines of Virgil or a Horatian ode of about 25 lines. 19. Uniform prizes will be given throughout the State: to Latin Contest winners and Essay Contest winners, pins; to winning schools, loving cups. The prizes will be furnished by the State Committee but paid for by the entertaining Center. No prize will be given to any paper receiving a grade of less than 70 per cent. Bronze medals will be given to State winners. PRELIMINARY REGISTRATION SHEET To BE SUBMITTED BY MARCH 15, 1937 Miss Dora Flack, State Chairman for Latin Tournament, Technical High School, or 4022 McKinney, Apt. 6, Dallas, Texas. Enclosed find $3 to enroll ____________ _ _______ ___________ _-·------------------------------·-School in the Latin Tournament of April 3, 1937. The most convenient center for us is__________________ _ _______________ __________________ ... We expect representation as follows: 1. January Beginners_____________ _________ ____________________ ________ 2. First-Year ----------------------------------------------------------------------­ 3. Third-Term ------------------------------------------------------------------­ 4. Second-Year 5. Third-Year ----------------------------------------------------- -----------­ 6. Fourth-Year ---------------------------------------------------------------­ Teacher ----------------------------------__ _---------------------------------------------­ School -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------­Date CONTENT REPORT Myrtillie Bradfield, Lavinia Rawlins, Lourania Miller In accordance with requests from a number of teachers, the page limits in most cases have been reduced. There will be noted a decided shifting of syntax and forms in an effort to relieve tension on the part of both pupil and teacher. The primary object of the Tournament is to bring about better classroom teaching-not to win cups and other honors. This primary pur­pose is defeated when it is found necessary to coach individual pupils either before or after the school contestants have been chosen. The committee be­lieves the rearrangement of material ought to remove altogether tension and the temptation to spend much time in coaching. In all divisions derivation work should be stressed. Diagramming will be omitted from all Tournament tests. In no division will pupils be asked to divide words into syllables and accent them. But they will be expected to mark long vowels of inflectional endings and of the present infinitive char­acteristic long vowel. In all tests there will be some translation of English into Latin. Tests for mid-term beginners, for first year students, and for third term pupils will be based on word lists and complete list of forms and construc­tions published in this Leaflet for each division. The tests will include word­analysis, word-building, derivation, forms, sentences, and explanation of case constructions. Derivatives must be used in sentences. In classroom work Roman life and customs and classical mythology ought to find as great a place as possible. No richer source material can be found to help the pupil appreciate the world in which we live today. But the textbook lack of common subject matter and the lack of library books for collateral reading make it impractical to include such subjects in Tournament tests. If teachers are interested, perhaps some help may be secured from the University Package Loan Library-at least for subjects assigned for essays. Teachers are asked to note especially the content for Third Term and Second Year. At first glance it seems heavy. But if the First Year book has been thoroughly covered, nearly all that is new is the subjunctive and its uses. All the Second Year books begin with a review of forms and cases supposed to have been mastered in the first year. The number of subjunc­tives allowed on the test has been cut in half. By the end of the second year the pupil should have had enough real foundation in fundamental Latin prin­ciples to enable him to look forward to other years of Latin without fear. Therefore, the committee thinks it best not to change materially the syntax for the second year because it constitutes a minimum of what the pupil should know at the beginning of the third year. January Beginners: Pen'ck-Procter, First Book__________ ________________________________ _________________ pages 1-72 Gray-Jenkins, First Book _ _____ _________ pages 15 and 17 in App.-pages 1-128 Ullman-Henry, First Book __ ____________________________________________________________pages 1-79 Magoffin-Henry, First Book _____________________ ___________________________________ pages 1-106 Pearson-Lawrence-Raynor, First Book___ _______________________ _ _________ pages 1-129 Pupils will be held responsible for: I. The January Beginners vocabulary. II. Forms: 1. Nouns of the first and second declensions. (The vocative need not be given unless it differs from the nominative.) 2. Adjectives of the first and second declensions. 3. Present infinitive active of the first conjugation. 4. PreEent infinitive active of the second conjugation. 5. Present indicative active of the first conjugation. 6. Present indicative active of five second conjugation verbs. 7. Present infinitive active of do. Present indicative active of do. 8. Present tense of sum. 9. Pupils will not be expected to inflect unus, duo, tres, but they will be expected to know the numerals unus-decem and to use them for derivatives. III. Cases: 1. Nominative: subject and predicate noun and adjective. 2. Genitive : possession. 3. Dative: indirect object. 4. Accusative: direct object and object of certain prepositions. 5. Ablative: object of certain prepositions. IV. Derivations, word-analys:s, word-building, sentences. See intro­ductory paragraph. V. Agreement of verb with subject and adjectives with nouns. VI. Complete identification of forms. For a noun or adjective: case and number; for a verb: tense, mood, voice, person, number. VII. Translation of English into Latin and Latin into English. VIII. Simple syntax questions (nouns and adjectives) . IX. Present active infinitive to complete verb (complementary infinitive). Caution: 1. To explain the syn_tax of a noun or adjective simply means to tell the case and number and to tell why the case is used. For example: in scholii -ablative singular; object of preposition in, denoting place where. 2. Because of great diversity of reading matter found in the five texts, no prepared passage can be offered for translation. First Year: Penick-Procter, First Book-sections 483 and 505__ __________________ pages 1-210 Gray-Jenkins, First Book _ _ ______________________________ ________________ ____________pages 1-310 Ullman-Henry, First Book _________ __________________ _________________________________ pages 1-256 Magoffin-Henry, First Book-Lessons 67 and 75 _____ _______ ___________ pages 1-250 Pearson-Lawrence-Raynor, First Book _______________________ _________________pages 1-286 Pupils will be held responsible for: I. Forms, syntax, and vocabulary for January Beginners. II. The First Year vocabulary. III. Forms: 1. Principal parts of the verbs in the lists. 2. Six tenses of the indicative, both active and passive. 3. Six tenses of the indicative: do, sum, adsum. 4. Present infinitive, both active and passive. 5. Third declension nouns. (Note: For the genitive plural of mare accept marium though the form is very rare.) 6. Personal pronouns : ego, tu. 7. Possessive adjectives : meus, tuus, noster, vester, suus. IV. New cases: 1. Accusative: Place to which with ad, in. 2. Ablative: Means, Personal Agent, Accompaniment, Place from with ab, de, ex, Place where with in. V. Apposition. VI. Derivation, word-analysis, word-building, sentences. VII. Questions introduced by ne, nonne, ubi, cur. VIII. Identification of forms, translation, syntax. N.B. read carefully the cautions for January Beginners. Third Term: Penick-Procter, Second Book-App., section 67____________________________pages 1-56 Gray-Jenkins, Second Book _____ ______________ __ ___________________________________pages 1-188 Ullman-Henry, Second Book______________ ______________________________________________ pages 1-106 Berry-Lee, Second Book-sections 517 and 524____________________________pages 1-54 Pearson-Lawrence, Second Book-pages 114 and 115­ App. 44, 1 and 45_______ _______________________________ _____________________ _______________pages 1-90 Pupils will be held responsible for: I. Syntax, forms, vocabularies for both January Beginners and First Year. II. Vocabulary for Third Term. III. Forms: 1. Third declension adjectives. 2. Formation of adverbs. 3. Comparison of both adjectives and adverbs. 4. Fourth and fifth declensions. 5. Infinitives and participles, all tenses, both active and passive. 6. Subjunctive, all tenses, both active and passive. 7. Possum, eo, fero. 8. Hie, ille, is, idem, ipse, qui, quis, interrogative adjective. IV. Law of sequence. V. Cases: 1. Genitive: Description. 2. Dative: with adjectives and special intransitive verbs. 3. Accusative: subject of infinitive, Extent. 4. Ablative: Time, Description, Specification, Ablative Absolute. VI. Indirect statement without dependent clause. VII. Uses of the Subjunctive: 1. Purpose: ut, ne. 2. Result: ut, ut non. 3. Independent Volitive (hortatory, jussive or "Let" subjunctive). VIII. Derivations, word-analysis, word-building, sentences. IX. Identification of forms, translation, syntax. N.B. 1. When explaining the syntax of a verb form, tell tense, mode, and reason. For example : ut-veniret. Veniret-imperfect sub­junctive: purpose. 2. The translation set for the test will consist of separate sen­tences. 3. Read carefully the cautions for January Beginners. Second Year: 1. An outline for this division is hardest of all to make. Yet, except for new uses of the subjunctive, there is little that has not been studied already in the other divisions. 2. No page limits can even be approximated. All the texts have some Caesar. But the chapters chosen vary and the manner in which the original has been simplified varies. 3. The usual word list based on Caesar is given in this Leaflet. For the test pupils will be expected to know the words already listed for January Beginners, First Year, and Third Term plus the words listed for Caesar for chapter one through chapter thirteen. (Before the second year is com­pleted they should learn the entire Caesar word list as all previous lists will be needed for the third year and the fourth year.) 4. Only sight passages can be offered on the test, and teachers are urged to read as much as possible from the material in their respective texts. The ability to read with ease can come only with abundant practice. Compre­hension questions may be asked on a sight passage. 5. The translation passage will be a simple short story written in Caesar's style. Caesar vocabulary will be used. The question-maker will bear in mind that the school term will not have been finished and will try to keep the passage in the range of the pupil's ability. 6. Forms: a. Forms already listed should not be neglected. b. The nine irregular adjectives with genitive in ius. c. Deponent verbs. d. Gerund, gerundive. 7. Important syntax: a. Genitive of the Whole, or Partitive. b. Dative: Purpose, Reference, Possession, with compound verbs. c. L 'cet, opo,·tet. d. Gerund and gerundive with ad and causii to express purpose. e. Subjunctive: Dependent on a verb ot saying and tnmking, indirect question, cum clauses lcircumstantial, causal, adversative). N. B. The following principles of syntax will NOT be used on the test but they should be carefully studied before the end of the second year: 1. Use of future passive participle with sum. 2. Dative of Agent. 3. Relative clause of purpose. 4. Subjunctive depending on a verb of fearing. Third Year: 1. The Third Catilinarian Oration. 2. A sight passage will be required. 3. A comprehension question may be asked on another sight passage. 4. Background. 5. Prose: Based on principles listed below. The vocabulary for prose sentences will be taken from lists for previous years and from the list for Catilinarian Orations I and III. 6. Vocabulary: Selected from Catilinarians I and III as given in this Leaflet. To help eliminate the "coaching evil" and to put a premium on ability to read and understand new Latin, in both the third year and the fourth year, only one passage will be taken from Latin already studied in class. Hence, much attention throughout the year should be given to sight translation. To assist in sight work pupils should master the Latin Word List pub­lished by the College Entrance Board, 431 West 117th Street, New York City. Most of this list is published in this Leaflet. In syntax, if not already mastered, the following topics should be em­phasized: 1. Conditional sentences, except for indirect discourse. 2. Subjunctive in independent clauses: Volitive (Hortatory), Delibera­tive, Optative. 3. Purpose clauses and all purpose constructions, including supine in um and the dative of purpose. 4. Result clauses (except substantive). 5. Relative clauses of characteristic, including cause and concession. 6. Temporal clauses: postqua,m, ut, ubi, siniul atque, cum primum, and cwm. 7. Causal clauses. 8. Genitive: Objective, Subjective, Measure, Description. 9. Dative: Passive construction of intransitive verbs that govern the dative. 10. Accusative: Place to which without a preposition, two accusatives with verbs of making, naming, etc., including passive construction. 11. Ablative: Manner, Separation, Cause, Comparison, Degree of Differ­ence, with deponents, Place where and whence without a preposition. 12. Mastery of all grammatical principles listed for previous years. Fourth Year: 1. Aeneid, Book II. 2. A sight passage will be required. 3. Translation, significance, and setting of famous lines in Book II. 4. Background. 5. Memory passages from Books I and II; Tennyson's "To Virgil." Aeneid, Book I, 1-7 33 198-207 437 461-462 607-610 630 Book II, 49 324-327 354 6. Scansion. 7. Mythological references in Book II. 8. Most common figures : Alliteration Metonymy Simile Synecdoche Hendiadys Hysteron proteron Prolepsis Zeugma 9. Vocabulary: Aeneid, Books I and II as given in this Leaflet. Absolute mastery of this vocabulary as quickly as possible will marvelously facilitate sight translation in Virgil. 10. Prose: Based on principles listed below. Vocabulary for prose sen­tences will be taken from the Aeneid, Books I and II and from lists for previous years. For the prose for the fourth year the following topics should be stressed: 1. Dum temporal and proviso clauses. 2. Substantive clauses. 3. Adversative clauses. 4. Clauses introduced by priusquam and antequam. 5. Temporal clauses: dum, donec, and quoad. 6. Active and passive periphrastic conjugations. 7. Gerund and gerundive constructions. 8. Supine in u. _9. Gc;nitive: wit!1 adjectives, with verbs of remembering and forgetting,with miseret, paenitet, pudet, etc., with verbs of judicial action. 10. Accusative: Exclamation. 11. Ablative: Price, Attendant Circumstance with adjectives dignus and indignus, substitute for genitive of whole. ' 12. Locative. 13. Methods of expressing dates. 14. Review of grammatical principles for previous years. NOTE 1. In. all years ;where co~p.osition is required excellent drill material can be found m Bennetts Composition, Parts I and II and in the Companions to Caesar, C!cero, and Virgil published by the College Entrance Book Com­pany, 104 Fifth Avenue, New York City. These Cornpanions provide ma­ terial for background work, word-building, word-analysis, derivation, and sight reading. NOTE 2. Each year is also responsible for all the vocabulary and gram­matical work of the preceding years. Drill on review work is recommended. WORD LISTS Lists for January Beginners, First Year, and Third Term were compiled by the committee on content. Lists for Second, Third, and Fourth Year are those furnished by the College Entrance Examination Board, with the words rearranged according to their occurrence in Caesar, Cicero, and Virgil. Be­cause of different texts used in the State, it is essential that pupils master these specified words. Choose the list which fits your classification. With these lists as bases, give particular study to word-building, word-analysis, and derivatives. For verbs, learn principal parts and meanings; for nouns, nominative and genitive cases, gender, and meaning; for adjectives and ad­verbs, meaning and comparison; for prepositions, case required. Derivatives must be used in sentences. Obsolete words will not be accepted as deriva­tives. Give special attention to word-building, word-analysis, derivatives, pronunciation, and vowel markin~s. JANUARY BEGINNERS NOUNS First Declension 1. agricola farmer 21. insula island 2. aqua water 22. italia Italy 3. Britannia Britain 23. lingua tongue, language 4. casa cottage 24. Hina moon 5. copia supply, abundance 25. memoria memory 6. copiae forces, troops 26. nauta sailor 7. Cornelia Cornelia 27. patria fatherland, country 8. dea goddess 28. peciinia money (deabus in Dative and Abla-29. poeta poet tive plural) 30. porta gate 9. epistula letter 31. provincia province 10. Europa Europe 32. puella girl 11. fiibula story 33. regina queen 12. femina woman 34. rosa rose 13. fenestra window 35. sagitta arrow 14. filia daughter 36. silva forest ( filiabus in Dative and Abla-37. terra earth, land tive plural) 38. toga toga 15. fortiina fortune 39. tuba trumpet 16. friimentum grain 40. via way, road 17. Gallia Gaul 41. victoria victory 18. Hispania Spain 42. villa farmhouse 19. incola inhabitant 43. vita life 20. iniiiria wrong Second Declension 1. ager field 17. numerus number 2. amicus friend 18. niintius messenger 3. annus year 19. oculus eye 4. arma arms 20. oppidum town 5. auxiiium help, assistance 21. periculum danger 6. bellum war 22. populus people 7. captivus captive 23. praemium reward 8. castra camp 24. proelium battle 9. dominus master, lord 25. puer boy 10. donum gift 26. servus slave 11. equus horse 27. signum sign, signal, 12. filius son standard 13. gladius sword 28. telum weapon 14. liber book 29. verbum word 15. magister teacher 30. vir man 16. miirus wall 1. altus 2. bonus 3. cliirus 4. defessus 5. liitus 6. longus 7. magnus 8. malus 9. meus 10. miser 1. iinus 2. duo 3. tres 4. quattuor 5. quinque 1. amo 2. habito 3. labOro 4. laudo 5. monstro 6. niirro 7. navigo 1. habeo 2. maneo 3. moveii 1. do 1. ab, a 2. de 1. ad 2. ante 3. circum 4. in ]. et 2. quod 1. bene 2. ciir 3. fortiter 4. hodie high, deep, tall 11. multus} ~ good bright, clear, 12. noster famous 13. novus tired, weary 14. parvus wide 15. primus long 16. pulcher great 17. quartusbad 18. quintus my, mine 19. tuus unhappy, wretched 20. validus NUMERALS one 6. sex two 7. septem three 8. octii four 9. l'lOvem five 10. decem VERBS First Conjugation love 8. occupo live 9. porto work 10. propero praise 11. pugno show, point out 12. servo tell 13. specto sail 14. voco Second, Conjugation have 4. timeo remain 5. video move Irregular give 2. sum PREPOSITIONS With Ablative from (away from), 3. ex,e by 4. in from (down from), 5. sine about, concerning With Accusative to, toward 5. per before 6. propter around 7. trans into CONJUNCTIONS and 3. sed because 4. ubi ADVERBS well 5. non why 6. nunc bravely 7. saepe today 8. semper much in singular many in plural our new small first beautiful fourth fifth your, yours strong six seven eight nine ten seize carry hasten fight save look at call fear see be, am out of in, on without through on account of across but where, when not now often always FIRST YEAR NOUNS First Declension 1. amicitia friendship 7. mora delay 2. diligentia diligence 8. poena punishment, 3. fama reputation, fame penalty 4. fuga flight 9. pugna fight 5. glOria glory, reputation 10. ripa river-bank 6. hOra hour Second Declension 1. animus mind, spirit, 6. inimicus personal enemy courage 7. praesidium garrison, 2. beneficium kind deed, kindness protection 3. Britanni B.i;itons 8. Rhenus Rhine river 4. Galli Gauls 9. Romani Romans 5. Germani Germans 10. socius ally 11. vesper evening Third Declension 1. caput head 18. miles soldier 2. celeritas swiftness, speed 19. mons mountain 3. civitas state 20. mors death 4. consul consul 21. multitiido large number, 5. corpus body crowd 6. dux leader 22. navis ship 7. eques horsemen 23. nomen name pl., cavalry 24. orator speaker, orator 8. finis end, boundary 25. pars part pl., territory 26. pater father 9. fliimen river 27. pax peace 10. frater brother 28. pons bridge 11. gens nation 29. princeps leading man, chief 12. homo man, human being 30. rex king 13. hostis enemy 31. saliis safety 14. iter road, journey, 32. soror sister march 33. timor fear 15. libertas liberty 34. urbs city 16. mare !lea 35. vulnus wound 17. mater mother ADJECTIVES 1. aeger sick 14. pauci few, a few 2. beatus happy 15. propinquus near 3. carus dear 16. quantus how great 4. ceteri the other, the rest 17. reliquus remaining 5. creber frequent 18. summus greatest, highest, 6. diirus hard, harsh, cruel top of 7. egregius distinguished 19. superbus proud, haughty 8. finitimus neighboring 20. suus his, her, its, 9. gratus pleasing their (own) 10. inimicus unfriendly 21. ultimus last, farthest 11. laetus glad, happy 22. vester your, yours 12. liber free (plural) 13. medius middle, middle of } PRONOUNS in 1. ego I singular 2. tii you and plural VERBS First Conjugation 1. appello name, call 9. paro prepare 2. erro wander 10. postulO demand 3. exlstimo think 11. rogo ask 4. exspecto wait for 12. sto stand 5. iuvo help, assist 13. supero overcome, defeat 6. libero set free 14. tempto try 7. m1nti0 announce 15. vasto lay waste 8. oppugno attack, besiege 16. vulnero wound Second Conjugation 1. commoveo move thoroughly, 6. teneo hold alarm 7. contineo hold together, 2. debeo owe, ought bound 3. iubeo order 8. pertineo. extend 4. moneo warn, advise 9. terre0 frighten 5. respondeo answer Third Conjugation 1. ago do, drive, act 14. mitto send 2. cedo go away, yield 15. amitto lose 3. discedo go apart, go away 16. committo 4. excedo go out, withdraw (proelium) join 5. cogo collect, compel 17. peto seek, ask 6. defendo defend 18. pono put, place, pitch 7. dlco say, speak (camp) 8. diico lead 19. rego rule 9. ediico lead out 20. relinquo leave (behind) 10. rediico lead back 21. trado surrender 11. gero carry on, wage 22. traho draw, drag, pull 12. lego read 23. vinco conquer 13. intellego understand Irregular Verbs 1. absum be absent, be 2. adsum be present distant PREPOSITIONS With Ablative 1. cum with 3. sub under 2. pro in front of, in behalf of, for With Accusative 1. apud in presence of, 4. ob on account of among 5. post after, behind 2. contra against 6. sub under 3. inter between, among CONJUNCTIONS 1. aut either 6. neque .•• nequeneither ... nor 2. aut ... aut either ... or 7. non solum not only 3. et .•. et both ... and . . . sed etiam ... but also 4. itaque and so, therefore 8. -que and 5. nam for 9. si if ADVERBS 1. dHi a long time 4. ibi there 2. etiam even, also 5. ita thus, so 3. hie here 6. iam now, already 7. magnopere greatly 12. statim 8. mox soon 13. subito 9. nunquam never 14. tum 10. paene almost 15. ubi 11. postea afterwards THIRD TERM NOUNS First Declension 1. ciira care 3. perfidia 2. inopia Jack 4. sententia Second Declension 1. biduum two days 9. liberi 2. cibus food 10. negotium 3. consilium plan 11. officium 4. deus god 12. saxum 5. imperatum command, order 13. supplicium 6. imperium power 14. triduum 7. initium beginning 15. ventus 8. Jegatus lieutenant, envoy Third Declension 1. arbor tree 15. obses 2. auctoritas authority, influence 16. opus 3. caedes slaughter 17. oratiO 4. civis citizen 18. ordo 5. clamor shout 19. pes 6. custos guard 20. potestas 7. labor work 21. sol 8. litus shore 22. tempestas 9. liix light 23. uxor 10. mens mind 24. virtiis 11. mos custom; 25. vis pl., character 12. mulier woman 13. nemo no one 26. vox 14. nox night Fourth Declension 1. conspectus sight 4. impetus 2. domus house, home 5. manus 3. exercitus army Fi/th Declension 1. acies line of battle 3. res 2. dies day 4. spes PRONOUNS 1. qui who, which, that 5. hie 2. idem the same 6. ille 3. ipse self, the very 7. is 4. quis who, (interroga­tive) ADJ'ECTIVES 1. acer sharp, keen, eager 8. facilis 2. alacer eager 9. fidelis 3. audax bold 10. fortis 4. brevis short 11. gravis 5. eeler swift 12. humilis 6. difficilis difficult 13. levis 7. diligens careful u . omnis at once suddenly then where, when treachery opinion children business, task duty rock punishment three days wind hostage work speech rank, class, order foot power sun storm wife courage violence, force; pl., muscular strength voice, word attack hand, band (of soldiers) thing hope this that this, that, he, she, it easy faithful, loyal brave heavy low light all 15. par equal 19. talis such 16. potens powerful 20. Ulterior farther 17. priidens wise 21. iitilis useful 18. similis like VERBS First Conjugation 1. arbitror think 6. oro beg, ask 2. conor try 7. praesto excel, surpass 3. hortor urge 8. puto think 4. impero command, order 9. spero hope 5. moror delay 10. vagor wander Second Conjugation 1. noceo harm 4. placeo please 2. pareo obey 5. polliceor promise 3. persuadeo persuade Third Conjugation 1. claudo close 10. praemitto send ahead 2. credo believe 11. procedo go forward, 3. curro run advance 4. di:vi do divide 12. proficiscor set out 5. incendo set on fire 13. quaero ask 6. incolo inhabit, live 14. iitor use 7. occi:do kill 15. vi:vo live 8. pello drive 9. repello drive back, rout Third Conjugation verbs in io 1. accipio receive 5. fugio flee 2. capio take, seize, capture 6. iacio throw 3. cupio wish 7. interficii.i kill 4. facio make, do 8. progredior step forward, pass., fii5 advance Fourth Conjugation 1. audio hear 4. SCIO know 2. invenio find, come upon 5. venio come 3. miinio fortify Irregular 1. possum be able, can 3. flo be made 2. eo go 4. fero bear, carry, bring PREPOSITIONS 1. intra within 3. Ultra beyond 2. praeter except CONJUNCTIONS 1. cum when, since, 3. ut so that, in order although that 2. ne that not, lest ADVERBS 1. facile easily 5. paulatim little by little, 2. interea meanwhile gradually 3. noctii by night 6. tam so 4. nondum not yet 7. undique on all sides, from all sides COLLEGE ENTRANCE WORD LIST-SECOND YEAR (Rearranged according to first appearance: Lodge and Hurlbut lists used as guides) CAESAR, Gallic War-BOOK I: 1-29 and BooK II: 1-15 The words for Book II include forty-two words repeated from chapters 30-54 of Book I. 1. sum omnis divide in pars tres qui iinus incolO alius tertius ipse noster appello, -iire hie instituo lex inter sui differo ab, ii flii men et fortis proptereii quod atque, ac longus parvus -que ad is merciitor saepe animus pertineo prope trans cum (prep.) contineo bellum gero de causii quoque reliquus virtiis fere proelium contendo cum (conj.) aut CAESAR, GALLIC WAR, BOOK I suus finis prohibeo obtineo dico initium 3. capio attingo etiam extremus orior inferior, infimus, imus specto sol mons occiisus 2. apud nobilis consul regnum facio civitiis persuiideo ut, uti copia praesto totus imperium potior facilis undique locus niitiira ex, e liitus, a, um altus ager alter res fio vagor finitimus possum homo cupidus magnus adficio pro autem glOria angustus habeo arbitror m'ille passus pateo auctoritiis constituo proficiscor quam numerus iter friimentum piix confirmo conficio satis diico annus profectio deligo IegiitiO suscipio filius pater multus seniitus populus amicus occupo ante item friiter tempus principiitus plebs accipio idem do probo conor perficio non quin exercitus ille oriitiO fides iiis iiisiiirandum per potens firmus spero ripa studeo 4. mos quintus beneficium cogo 7. niintiO obses poena urbs 10. intellego sequor ulterior, ultimus praeficio oportet miles ibi ignis impero conscribo dies legio circum familia certus hiemo decem Jegatus hiberna eodem mitto quinque cliens ne (conj.) cf. neve, neu princeps sine iillus superior, summus citerior septimus ob niillus inde incito rogo extra arma voluntas primus magistratus neque, nee mors licet memoria teneo 11. populor defen do auxilium 5. post nihil occido pello ita mereo ubi sub mereor iam iugum paene paro oppidum vicus concedo inimicus facultas vasto liber (adj.) liberi privatus iniiiria servitiis aedificium tamen expugno incendo spatium debeo porto domus dum respondeo hostis fuga spes tollo siimo si demonstro praeter periculum mensis quis (indef. pron.) vo!O, velle exspecto statuo quisque effero 8. revertor interea fortiina consiimo iubeo miirus 12. oculus iitor pes uter consilium fossa iiidico iina opus exp!Orator 6. oppugno socius omnino praesidium castellum invitus quartus vigilia castra duo venio impedio difficilis vix nego ostendo adgredior mando qua singuli expediO navis iungo compliires silva abdo nam paco fluo numquam noctii quattuor interficio vadum telum casus pons vel 9. desisto relinquo sive, seu deus nondum via calamitas bonus video propter angustiae solum (adv.) piiblicus existimo sponte sed vis impetro 13. consequor eo, ire gratia ciiro patior novus repentinus viginti aegre dux propinquus sublevo (prex) 22. peritus postea Hix ago vetus pristinus adorior 17. queror tum antea valeo captivus comperiO equus admitto fero dubito collis tribuo supero acies despicio magis insidiae 18. quantus sentiO celer instruo praecipio nisi committo consisto concilium solus impetus intervallum nomen prodo quaero reperiO 23. postridie biduum 14. commemoro gravis accido verus contra audeo supersum pridie intercliido aliquis nemo confido timeo contumelia familiaris augeo 24. postquam susti:1eo num semper medius recens aIO mibio tempto tam mater conloco impedimentum confertus diii uxor rnccedo consuesco cupio 25. deinde enim doleo secundus polliceor testis antiquus honor restituo despero adversus aequo pilum gladius pugna sciitum 15. posterus moveo 19. cognosco accedo ferrum sinister equitatus praemittO agmen alienus animadverto egregius supplicium vereor commodus manus corpus vulnus pauci cado priusquam quisquam defessus eo (adv.) eques voco claudo tantus simul latus, -eris audax lacesso coepi praesens peto hortor aperiO conspicor riirsus 16. circiter amplius interim 20. scio ops minuo 26. signum vinco acer cot (t)idie po no rnodo vulgus fleo dexter hora vesper nox rnatiirus nrehendo vallum pabulum quidem prendo oro obiciO intermitto nolo adhibeo triduum adsum moneo moror insto vito littera metier custos niintius praesum vita 21. loquor consido 27. iuvo inopia potestas emo octo quis (interrog.) proiciO pareo servus occulto posco ignoro conquiro 28. unde 29. sex amitto trado fames saliis ratio C.lESAR, GALLIC WAR, BOOK II 1. supra creber rumor coniuro sollic1t6 2. ineo aestas incipio negotium 6. 3. opinio permitto consentiO ceteri 4. sic 7. plerique intra 8. explOro communis centum postulo r egiO nunc rex defero ferus 9. totidem 5. diligens doceo interest confligo tueor tutus reddo commeatus efficio cohors lapis iaci6 nudo porta subsidium paulisper significo opportunus idoneus editus planities uterque frons, -ntis lenis paulatim tormentum paliis neuter protinus iisus 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. par condicio puer mulier caput summa redeo fallo iniquus deficio decerto sententia appropinquo tumultus statim perspicio subsequor fugiO prior perturbo ordo vacuus audiO agger turris nascor tendo vox redigo mora de do aditus remitto COLLEGE ENTRANCE WORD LIST-THIRD YEAR (Rearranged according to first appearance: Lodge and Hurlbut lists used as guides) CICERO, AGAINST CATILINE I 1. tandem avus patientia consularis os, oris praetor vultus verum (conj.) 2. immo tabula noto tamquam designo elemens pridem tantum (tantus) pestis inertia 3. privo nequitia orbis 6. cresco nimis moenia praetereo perniciEjs acerbus moIior consultum potius, potissimum 4. quondam crudelis clarus tune (tum) denique improbus perditus fateor 6. auris adhiic etenim tenebrae nefarius paries obliviscor 7. memini Kalendae atrox diligo (diligentia) 8. planus vigil3 obsciirus omitto servo scelus quotiens sceleratus taceo quot secerno hie (adv.) aio latrociniurn 9. sanctus adsequor 24. forum exitium 16. sica soleo igitur sacer voluptas 10. aliquando misericordi:a pariO nimium necessarius otium sino contingo 26. iaceo 11. 'infestus inanis stuprum totiens 17. pactum obeo 'insidior careo somnus comitia conscientia praeclarus concito placo frigus quamquam op'inor 27. consulatus 12. tempium patria vexo tectum parens deprecor propius pertimesco quaeso comes 18. aliquot penitus 13. exsilium nex ciinctus suadeo quaestio 28. gradus delecto everto 29. ardeo od'i quisquis sanguis dedecus abhorreo parricida haereo desino 30. dissimulo libido 19. habito intendo facinus repudio stultus fiagitium videlicet exstinguo fax career semen 14. niiper vinculum 31. fortasse exsisto 20. attendo morbus vindico ecquis 32. curia praetermitto 21. quiesco patefacio impendeo carus 33. omen idiis honestus auspicium ignominia utinam latro, -onis vitium tametsi foedus, -eris 15. caelum invidia societas spiritus pudor aeternus iucundus 23. sermo morior nescio sin CICERO, AGAINST CATILINE III 1. coniunx adsiduus 14. fidelis domicilium 6. exigo collega pulcher comitatus praetiira hodiernus 7. frequens colOnus erga 8. aedes sano flamma indico, -are 15. supplicatiO 2. inliistris 9. fatum piinio profecto virgo 16. temeritas condo 10. tabell a aptus benevolentia lego, -ere 17. cervix deliibrum recito deniintio 3. manifestus debilito furtum salvus imago palam verbum amo quoad rerq1!eo 196. heros scopulus 112. cmgo 198. ignarus acuo 113. fidus 200. rabies 46. divus 114. vertex sono 50. cor 115. pronus 202. maestus 51. nimbus 118. appareo 210. daps 52. vastus no 211. viscus antrum gurges 212. seco 53. luctor 123. imber tremo 56. fremo 126. stagnum 213. aenus celsus 129. ruina 214. herba 57. sceptrum 130. do I us 215. pinguis 58. ni 131. for 216. mensa 59. aura 138. pelagus 221. gemo THE LATIN LEAFLET 228. tristis 357. celero 449. foris niteo 359. ignotus 589. decorus 230. fulmen pondus 590. iuventa 232. fiinus 364. femina 592. ebur 239. solor 366. surgo flavus 244. fons 367. solum, -i 597. miseror 246. arvum 388. carpo 602. spargo 256. osculum 389. limen 604. con sci us 259. libO sublimis 392. 394. augurium ales 607. 611. flu vi us laevus 263. 267. ferox cognomen 399. 404. pubes spiro 626. 629. stirps demum 273. 275. donec lupus (lupa) fulvus 406. 412. 417. agnosco amictus caleo 634. 648. 651. taurus rigeo hymenaeus 278. meta sertum 654. collum 280. 286. fatigo origo 425. 429. sulcus decus 655. 658. corona facies 287. astrum 478. pulvis cupido 291. saeculum hasta 660. os, ossis 292. 293. 295. canus dirus vincio 480. 481. crinis pando tundo 662. 672. implico iiro cesso 296. 297. 300. 301. nod us gigno aer ala 489. 495. 497. 499. niger stupeo caterva chorus 681. 684. 685. 690. sacro induo gremium exuo 306. 312. 314. aimus gradior comitor obvius 500. 513. 531. 541. glomero obstipesco iiber ( subst.) cieo 693. 694. 701. 702. mollis flos famulus tondeo 317. 318. 319. volucer umerus suspendo coma 552. 557. 580. apto stringo fretum diidum 704. 708. 724. struo toi·us pingo crater 320. 321. genii iuvenis 581. 453. compello, are liistro 729. 731. patera hospes 323. 325. pharetra ordior 458. 461. ambo en 738. 742. haurio liina 335. 341. 349. dignor germanus aurum caecus 473. 436. 438. 441. bibo ferveo suspicio Iiicus -ere 743. 745. 747. pecus, -udis propero tingo (tinguo) plausus 352. vanus 447. don um 751. Aurora ludo 448. necto AENEID, BOOK II 8. umidus 135. lacus 223. saucius 23. carina 143. misereor 224. seciiris 25. 38. reor latebra 155. 169. en sis retro 227. 239. clipeus fiinis 51. curvus 171. monstrum 245. sisto 57. ecce 172. simulacrum 249. frons, -ndis 58. pastor 184. nefiis velo 63. vi so 186. texo 253. sopor 69. 96. heu iiitor 194. 198. nepos domo 259. 275. laxo exuviae 101. 120. 121. nequiquam gelid us vates 202. 204. 211. macto anguis lingua 285. 290. 297. serenus cuImen penetralia 133. 134. vitta Jetum 214. serpo amplector 306. sero, satus Des 307. praeceps 423. signo 513. iiixta 328. arduus 431. cinis laurulil 333. mucro 433. (vicis) 515. altaria 344. gener 435. aevum 542. sepulchrum 355. ceu 442. postis 544. ictus 358. faux 457. socer 545. raucus siccus 458. evado 609. fiimus 359. vado 471. gramen 611. quatiO 364. passim 480. vello 639. solidus 373. serus 488. ululO 694. stella 380. nitor, niti 489. paveo (pavidus) 722. pellis trepidus 495. immitto leo 381. caerul (e) us 496. amnis 749. fulgeo 382. secus (adv.) 499. stabulum 752. principium 383. densus 503. thalamus 780. aro 386. exsulto 512. axis 792. bracchium AENEID, BOOK Ill 24. viridis 189. ovo 508. opacus 25. ramus 216. foedus, a, um 513. segnis 27. radix 219. intro, are 521. rubeo (rubesco) 31. lentus 247. iuvencus 541. suesco 34. veneror 258. penna (pinna) 542. frenum 36. rite 274. mox 555. pulso 43. cruor 287. carmen 571. to no 46. iaculum 390. Hex 573. candeo 63. manes 409. castus 586. niibila 66. tepeo (tepidus) 423. erigo 611. pignus 92. miigiO alternus 627. dens 120. albus 432. canis 636. torvus 144. precor 467. !Orica 659. truncus 172. attono 468. crista pinus AENEID, BOOK IV 18. taeda 128. rideo 294. ocior 26. palleo 133. ciinctor 457. marmor 66. edo, esse 174. velox 526. liquidus 73. (h) arundo 242. virga 643. macula 117. venor 250. nix 673. unguis 119. radius 254. a vis 675. fraus .iENEID, BOOK V 91. Ievis 206. crepo 502. nervus 141. lacertus 251. purpura 554. liiceo 143. rostrum 307. spiculum 697. madeo (madesco) 147. verber 426. digitus AENEID, BOOK VI 1Ol. stimulus 267. mergo 597. porrigo ~01. sidi' 493. hiO 881. fodiO BOOKS SUGGESTED FOR SCHOOLS These books will be useful for supplementary reading in connection with Essays for the Tournament and other collateral work. This list, which could easily be made much longer, is more or less limited to books which are readily available and are not prohibitive in price. Out-of-print books are not included. Starred titles are especially recommended for schools with lim­ited resources. Roman History Baker, G. P., Twelve Centuries of Rome, Dodd, Mead & Co., 1934, $4.00. (A popularizing, interesting narrative.) Boak, A. E. R., History of Rome to 565 A. D., revised edition, Macmillan Co., 1930. $3.75. Botsford, G. W., History of Rome, Macmillan Co., 1928, $2.00. *Breasted, J. H., Ancient Times, revised edition, Ginn & Co., 1935, $2.00. Davis, W. S., Readings in Ancient History, Volume II, Rome, Allyn & Bacon, 1913, $1.20. Frank, Tenney, History of Rome, Henry Holt, 1923, $3.50. *Hamilton, M. A., Rome: A Short History, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1932, $0.85. (Written in simple style; uncommonly good illustrations.) Harding, C. H. and S. B., The City of the Seven Hills, Scott, Foresman & Co., $0.88. Marsh, F. B., A History of the Roman World from 146 B. C. to 30 B. C., London, Methuen, 1935, about $3.50. (A clear, well-written descrip­tion of the events of the last century of the Republic, by a distinguishedscholar.) Private and Public Life of the Romans Abbott, F. F., Roman Political Institutions, Ginn & Co., 1911, $2.00. Church, A. J., Roman Life in the Days of Cicero, Dodd, Mead & Co., 1928, $1.75. *Davis, W. S., A Day in Old Rome, Allyn & Bacon, 1925, $1.80. (Very readable.) Fowler, W. W., Social Life at Rome in the Age of Cicero, Macmillan Co., 1909, $3.00. Granrud, J. E., Roman Constitutional History, Allyn & Bacon, 1902, $1.60. *Johnston, H. W., The Private Life of the Romans, revised by Mary Johnston, Scott, Foresman & Co., 1932, $2.24. (Perhaps the best shorter treat­ment of the subject.) McDaniel, W. B., Roman Private Life and Its Survivals, Longmans, Green & Co., 1924, $1.75. *Showen11an, Grant, Rome and the Romans, Macmillan Co., 1931, School l!:dition, $2.40. (A good treatment of the civilization of Rome; valu­able for reference and for general reading.) *Treble, H. A. and King, K. M., Everyday Life in Rom.e in the Time of Caesar and Cicero, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 19"30, $0.85. (A very useful and inexpensive book with good pictures.) Roman Literature *Duff, J . W., The Writers of Rome, Oxford University Press, 1923, $1.00. (A good brief treatment with excellent pictures and many quotations.) Duff, J. W., A Literary History of Rome in the Golden Age, Scribner's, 1923, $2.75. (The best history of Latin literature in English.) Fowler, H. N., History of Roman Literature, Macmillan Co., revised edi­tion, 1923, $2.50. *Mackail. J. W., Latin Literature, Scribner's, 1906, $1.75. (Still the most readable short treatment in English.) *Wilkins, A. S., Primer of Roman Literature, Macmillan Co., $0.80. (Very inexpensive and useful.) Greek and Roman Mythology Baker, E. K., Stories of Old Greece and Rome, Macmillan Co., $1.20. *Bulfinch, Thomas, The Age of Fable, Everyman's Library, E. P. Dutton Co., $0.90. (Available also together with the same author's The Age of Chivalry and Legends of Charlemagne in one volume, The Modern Library, for $1.00, an extraordinary value.) *Gayley, C. M., Classic Myths in En.glish Literature and Art, Ginn & Co., 1911, $1.92. (An unusually valuable work that every student of the Classics or of English literature ought to own.) Guerber, H. A., Myths of Greece and Rome, American Book Co., 1893, $2.00. *Howe, G. and Harrer, G. A., A Handbook of Classical Mythology, F. S. Crofts & Co., 1929, $1.50. (In the form of a dictionary; very useful.) *Herzberg, M. J., ClCLSsical Myths, Allyn & Bacon, 1935, $1.80. (A new book, well illustrated, with numerous references to English literature and suggestions for collateral reading.) Sabin, Frances E., Classical Myths that Live Today, Silver Burdett & Co., 1927, $1.92. (Notable for its examples of classical myths and allusions still current in daily life.) Caesar and Cicero Boissier, Gaston, Cicero and His Friends, translated by A. D. Jones, London, Ward, Lock & Co. (A delightful and most informing book.) Fowler, W.W., Julius Caesar, G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1894, $3.00. (Perhaps the best life of Caesar in English.) McKinlay, A. P., Letters of a Ro11ian Gentleman, Houghton Mifflin Co., 1929, $4.00. (An attractive picture of Cicero taken from his letters.) *Plutarch's Lives, Everyman's Library, E. P. Dutton & Co., 3 volumes, $0.90 each. The Life of Caesar is in Volume II, the Life of Cicero in Vol­ume III. (Everybody ought to read Plutarch, who is one of the most fascinating and enlightening of ancient writers.) Pratt, Fletcher, Hail, Caesar!, Harrison Smith & Robert Haas, 1936, $3.50. (An informal biography in popular style; more interesting than scholarly.) Rolfe, J. C., Cicero and His Influence, Longmans, Green & Co., 1932, $1.75. Strachan-Davidson, J. L., Cicero and the Fall of the Roman Republic, G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1894, $3.00. (Perhaps the best life of Cicero in English.) The Introductions to the school editions of the Gallic War, especially those of A. T. Walker, Scott, Foresman & Co., $1.60, and F. W. Kelsey, revised edition, Allyn & Bacon, $2.00. The Introductions to the school editions of Cicero's orations, especially that of .!!'. G. Moore and J. E. Barss, Ginn & Co., $1.96. Virgil Frank, Tenney, Vergil: A Biography, Henry Holt & Co., 1922, $2.00. Mackail, J. W., Virgil and His Meaning to the World Today, Longmans, Green & Co., 1924, $1.75. (A brief but helpful view by a master of style.) Miller, F'. J., Two Dramatizations from Vergil, University of Chicago Press, 1908, $1.50. ("Dido" and "The Fall of Troy" in dramatic form, suit­able for staging, with musical scores.) Myers, F. W. H., the Essay on Virgil in Classical and Modern Essays, Macmillan Co., 1921, $2.40. (The most discriminating study of Virgil in the language.) Prescott, H. W., The Development of Virgil's Art, University of Chicago Press, 1927, $4.00. Rand, E. K., In Quest of Virgil's Birthplace, Harvard University Press, 1930, $2.50. (A delightfully written and well illustrated description of the country about Mantua.) Rand, E. K., The Magical Art of Virgil, Harvard University Press, 1931, $5.00. (An excelient book by one of our outstanding classical scholars.) *Rhoades, James, The Poems of Virgil, translated into English verse, Oxford University Press, 1920, $0.80. (The use of ponies is fatal to any real knowledge of Latin, but reading poetical versions so as to get a broader view of the poem or author is very helpful. Rhoades's is one of the best versions of the whole of Virgil.) *Williams, T. C., The Aeneid of Virgil, translated into English verse, Houghton Mifflin Co., 1910, $1.08. (The most sympathetic version of the Aeneid into English. Williams's rendering of the Bucolics and Georgics is also excellent.) The Introductions to the various school editions of the Aeneid, especially those of Charles Knapp, Scott, Foresman & Co., 1928, $1.96, and Greenough, Kittredge, and Jenkins, Ginn & Co., 1930, $2.00. Latin Grammars Every school should have at least one Latin grammar in addition to Bennett. Of the many grammars, the following are especially useful: Allen and Greenough's New Latin Grammar, Ginn & Co., 1904, $1.60. Elmer, H. E., Latin Grammar, Macmillan Co., 1928, $1.48. (Of about the same scope as Bennett, but more up-to-date.) Gildersleeve, B. L., and Lodge, Gonzales, Latin Grammar, Complete Edition, D. C. Heath & Co., 1898, $2.20; there is a smaller school edition at $1.60. Lane, G. i\L, Latin Grammar, revised edition, American Book Co., 1903, $1.80. (One of the best of the advanced grammars.) Latin Dictionaries Every school that can afford it should have Harper's Latin Dictionary, American Book Co., $10.00. This is the most complete Latin dictionary in English. *Lewis, C. T., Ele11umtary Latin Dictionary, American Book Co., 1915, $3.00. (Perhaps the best smaller Latin dictionary.) Lewis, C. T., Latin Dictionary for Schools, American Book Co., $5.00. (Somewhat fuller than the preceding one.) Smith, Wm., and Hall, T. D., English-Latin Dictionary, American Book Co., $6.00. (The largest English-Latin dictionary.) White, J. T., Latin-English and English-Latin Dictionary, Ginn & Co., $4.00. Greek Literature The Latin teacher should by all means have some acquaintance with the great writers of Greece and should encourage their students to read about them. *Homer's Iliad and Odyssey. There are numerous translations. The Mod­ern Library now offers both in one volume for $1.00, an amazing value. Jebb, R. C., Greek Literature, American Book Co., $0.56. (A well-written little primer.) *Norwood, G., The Writers of Greece, Oxford University Press, 1925. (An attractive manual with numerous illustrations and quotations.) The English Debt to Latin *Johnson, E. L., Latin Words of Common English, D. C. Heath & Co., 1931, $2.00. Skeat, W. W., Concise Etymological English Dictionary, Oxford University Press, $2.00. Webster's New International Dictionary of the English Language, G. & C. Merriam Co., Springfield, Mass., 1934, $20.00. (A monumental work which every school ought to own, and every student who can afford it. The etymological data are full and authoritative. The best abridge­ment is Webster's Collegiate Dictionary, which is available in a $3.50 edition and is very good on English derivatives from the Latin.) *Weekley, E., A Concise Ety11wlogical Dictionary of the English Language, E. P. Dutton & Co., 1924, $2.50. Weekley, E., The Romance of Words, E. P. Dutton & Co., 1922, $2.10. (A wonderfully interesting book.) The Value of Latin The American Classical League, New York University, Washington Square East, New York City, issues a useful series of pamphlets on the subject. A list may be had free. They are all cheap. A few are listed here. Ellis, W. A., Why Study Latin? Lodge, Gonzales, A Reasonable Plea for the Classics. Sabin, Frances E., The Relation of Latin to Practical Life. Short Statements. Miscellaneous Reference Books *Atlas of Ancient and Classical Geography, Everyman's Library, E. P. Dut­ton & Co., $1.00. (The most inexpensive small atlas.) Blunt, A. W. F., Th.e Ancient World and Its Legacy to Us, Oxford Univer­sity Press, 1928, $1.50. Game, J. B., Teaching High-School Latin, University of Chicago Press, 1916, $1. 75. Gray, M. D., The Teaching of Latin, Appleton-Century Co., 1929, $2.00. Magoffin, R. V. D., and Davis, Emily C., The Romance of Archaeology, Garden City Publishing Co., 1929, $1.59. (A popular treatment of a fascinating subject.) Paxson, Susan, Handbook for Latin Clubs, D. C. Heath & Co., 1916, $1.00. Platner, S. B., Th.e Topography and Monuments of Ancient Rome, Second Edition, Allyn & Bacon, 1911, $3.00. (A standard work of reference.) Rand, E. K., Ovid and His lnfiuence, Longmans, Green & Co., 1925, $1.75. Showerman, Grant, Horace and His lnfiuence, Longmans, Green & Co., 1922, $1.75. Showerman, Grant, Moinuments and Men of Ancient Rome, Appleton­Century Co., 1935, $5.00. (The last work of this fine scholar; his treatment of Cicero is unusually sympathetic.) *Smith's Smaller Classical Dictionary, edited by E. H. Blakeney, Everyman's Library, E. P. Dutton & Co., $0.90. (A most valuable little book.) Warscher, Tatiana, Pompeii in Three Hours, Rome, 1930. (Procurable through the Service Bureau for Classical Teachers. An excellent brief guide full of good illustrations, and inexpensive.) Wilkins, A. S., Roman Antiquities, American Boo!C Co., $0.56. (A useful primer.) Periodicals Every teacher of Latin should take one or more periodicals in the field in order to keep in touch with the work that is being done elsewhere. Much usful information together with valuable suggestions for teaching will gen­erally be found in them. The following are especially suitable for teachers in high schools: Classical Bulletin, $1.00 a year. Address Professor James A. Kleist, St. Louis University, St. Louis, Mo. Classical Journal, free with membership in the Classical Association of the Middle West and South ( $2.00 a year). Address Professor F. S. Dunham, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich. Classical Weekly, $2.00 a year. Address Professor Casper J. Kraemer, Jr., Washington Square College, New York University, New York City. Classical Outlook, free with membership in the American Classical League ($1.00 a year). Address Service Bureau for Classical Teachers, New York University, Washington Square East, New York City. Fiction Several of the newer novels on Roman subjects are reviewed elsewhere in this Leafl,et. Anderson, Paul, A Slave of Catiline, Appleton-Century Co., $2.00. Bulwer-Lytton, Sir Edward, The Last Days of Pompeii, Everyman's Library, E. P. Dutton Co., $0.90. Church, A. J., Lucius: The Adventures of a Roman Boy, Dodd, Mead & Co., $2.00. Davis, W. S., A Friend of Caesar, Macmillan Co., $2.50. Henty, G. H., Th.e Young Carthaginian, Scribner's, $1.50. Sienkiewicz, H., Quo Vadis?, Crowell Publishing Co., $2.00. Wallace, Lew, Ben Hur, Harper's, $1.50. White, E. L., The Unwilling Vestal, E. P. Dutton Co., $2.50. Whitehead, A. D., The Standard Bearer, American Book Co., $0.72. REVIEWS FICTION In Latin Notes, for May, 1936, sixteen titles of recent works of fiction with a Roman or classical background are cited to indicate a renewed interest in the classics. A few such books are appraised here. Bentley, Phyllis, Freedom Farewell, Macmillan Co., 1936, $3.75. This much-advertised novel contains all the anecdotes of Caesar and his contemporaries that we have known from Plutarch or Ferrero since our high-school days. They are dragged in with much effort. Style and char­acterization are labored. Inaccuracies are frequent. The book is not worth reading and certainly a great deal of time was wasted in writing it. Berkenfeld, Gunther, Augustus, trans. by Winifred Ray, Liveright Publish­ing Corp., New York, 1935-1936, $2.50. Augustus, a very readable narrative of the founding of the Roman Empire, is refreshing since it portrays the characters as unselfishly striving after an ideal in spite of human weaknesses. The author quotes his sources on some disputed points. On certain problems he does not agree with the most recent historical opinion. The story is accurate in the main. Several refer­ences to Romans eating turkey, which was not introduced into Europe from America until 1530 A.D., and to Vesuvius smoking before 79 A.D. are surprising in so careful a piece of work. The passages which describe Virgil will be most interesting to a fourth-year Latin class. Anderson, Paul L., With the Eagles, D. Appleton-Century Co., 1936, $1.75. Another book by the author of A Slave of Catiline will be enjoyed by younger students. It brings to life the characters of books four and five of the Gallic War. Conditions in pre-Roman Gaul are described with illuminat­ing details. References to the hero's subsequent adventures may encourage pupils to inquire about what happened in the Roman world after the conquest of Gaul. There are no conspicuous errors in archaeology. Atherton, Gertrude, Dido Queen of Hearts, Horace Liveright, New York, 1929, $2.50. This modernistic version of one of the world's great love affairs by a well­known novelist is worth reading for only one purpose, to prove to yourself how much more artistically and in how far fewer words Virgil told the same story. It has glaring historical anachronisms, for example, the use of oranges and of diamonds, both unknown in the early Mediterranean. Mitchison, Naomi, The Conquered, Harcourt, Brace & Co., New York, 1923, $2.00. As the title implies, this is a story of Caesar's conquest from the view­point of a conquered Venetan. It is a well-written piece of literary work, careful in details of both Roman and Celtic life, almost too bitter in its truth to appeal to younger pupils. Graves, Robert, Claudius the God and his Wife Messalina, Harrison Smith and Robert Haas, New York, 1935, $5.00. The author has given us a very interesting story based on a careful study of Greek, Roman, and Hebraic sources with great accuracy in details of life and culture. It is written so plausibly that the reader must remind himself that there are many details of history which have not been recorded and consequently the author had to fill them in, to quote Livy, ut mens inclinat. We must read the book with the saltcellar at hand. For example, Claudius's knowledge of events subsequent to his earthly life and his recognition of diseases that were not diagnosed until modern times is indeed godlike. That the court life of the later Julio-Claudians was scandalous is well attested. But it was no more the life of the majority of Romans than the front page of a tabloid newspaper is a true picture of the life of the average American of today. NON-FICTION Marsh, F. B., and Leon, H.J., Tacitus, Prentice-Hall, New York, 1936, $2.25. (Reviewed by D. A. Penick.) Readers of the Latin Leaflet will rejoice in another achievement of Texas scholarship. The most recent publication by a Texas author in the classical field is entitled "Tacitus, Edited by Marsh and Leon," published by Prentice­Hall. Both authors are University of Texas professors, the former Professor of History, the latter, Associate Professor of Classical Languages. It is fitting that a historian and a Latinist should collaborate on an edition of Tacitus, and these two men are eminently qualified for this particular task. Dr. Marsh has specialized in ancient history and is an authority. Dr. Leon is one of our best young scholars in the classics, especially Latin. This text is meant for undergraduates and is planned to suit the increas­ing capacity of students in reading and appreciating Tacitus. The Preface is strikingly helpful to the teacher in its suggestiveness, and the Introduction discusses concisely and clearly the facts and problems connected with the life and style of Tacitus. Especially valuable is the section which treats of Tacitus as a historian. The genealogical tables and the chronological table are full and most useful, and there is an unusually helpful bibliography. The notes for the earlier selections are numerous and copious, as is fitting, and all are stimulating both historically and grammatically. As was to be expected from the editors, the book is schofa'rly and marks a distinct addition to college texts in Tacitus. Scott, Harry Fletcher, and Horn, Annabel, Latin, Book One, Scott, Foresman & Co., 1936, $1.40. This book undertakes to stress the social aspects of Latin. It contains essays in English on many aspects of.Roman Life, connected reading, plays, colored pictures, and interesting photographs of new excavations and Roman remains from all parts of the Empire. One copy will be a valuable supple­mentary reference book in schools with limited library facilities or for use by a Latin club. Until the book has been tried, perhaps it is well that our adoptions cannot be changed. THE TOURNAMENT QUESTIONS OF 1936 In submitting specimens of previous examinations the examiners do not obligate themselves to follow precisely the form of the sample questions. These are given to let pupils see the nature and scope of the tests. GENERAL NOTICE TO ALL GRADERS Remember that this is a competitive examination, and grades are not necessarily absolute but relative. Hence subtract rather than add. Be careful with the decimals. If you prefer to deal only with whole numbers, multiply all stated values by 10, so that the entire examination will come to 1000 points. Thus value 20 becomes 200, .2 is just 2, etc. Then divide the total number of points made by 10 to get the final percentage. Thus, if the total value is 965 points, call it 96.5%. You may object to the grading scale and the sample key for graders, but remember that there are graders at work in all the centers, each with his own idea of values. The key strives for a reasonable uniformity in grading, and the answers given, particularly in translations, are suggestions only. Deduct .1 for all errors of spelling unless the key indicates otherwise. Underline every error with red pencil. Indicate clearly in the margin the amount to be deducted for each question or part of question. If there is no error, put 0 in the margin, to show that the question has been graded. A committee skilled in arithmetic should compute the total values. The total grade should be clearly marked on each paper. In case of tie or close grades, consideration should be given: ( 1) in translation, to clearness and quality of English. (2) in prose composition, to word-order. In no case should jargon or hotch-potch be accepted as translation. IMPORTANT. Teachers who have pupils in the Tournament must not take part of the final ranking' of the contestants, and should stay out of the room where the winners are being decided. They are not to learn the results until the announcement is made at the banquet. TEXAS LATIN TOURNAMENT-APRIL 4, 1936: FIRST TERM JANUARY BEGINNERS, 1936 Put your Identification Number on each sheet. Turn in :vour answer to each question AS SOON AS YOU FINISH IT. N. B.-Mark the long vowels in all inflectional endings. QUESTION I-Value 15 Decline, in the number given, the Latin words for small toga, tired farmer, beautiful goddesses, bad poets, unhappy girl. QUESTION II-Value 10 State and give the meaning of the Latin words from which the following are derived and use each derivative in an English sentence: aquatic, porter, evident, decimal, demonstrate. QUESTION III-Value 10 Conjugate the present indicative active of the verb meaning "fight," also the present tense of the verb "to be," and g-ive the present infinitive of the verbs "to look at," "to fear," and "to give." QUESTION IV-Value 10 State the meaning of each of the following words, give an English derivative for each and use each derivative in a good English sntence: oculus, primus, nauta, vocii, copia. QUESTION V-Value 5 For each of the following words tell the person, number, mood, tense, and voice, and translate: occupant; laudihnus; vociitis; navigant; properiis. QUESTION VI-Value 25 Translate into Latin: 1. The tired slaves do not work well but they tell good stories. 2. You praise the new books of the great teacher in your letters. 3. We call the strong boys from the broad fields to the deep forest, where they remain. 4. The woman looks from the window of the little cottage and sees the new moon. QUESTION VII-Value 20 Translate into English: 1. Propter magnum periculum miseri incolae villae timent et multam pecuniam ad dominum malum portant. 2. Pulchrum est de cliirii victoriii pugniire. 3. Ciir sine amicis nostris manemus in provinciii, ubi non sunt oppida? 4. Validum equum filiii nunti datis quod donum pulchrum amat. QUESTION VIII-Value 5 Explain the snytax of the five underlined words in the sentences of ques­tion VII. TEXAS LATIN TOURNAMENT-APRIL 4, 1936: FIRST YEAR SEPTEMBER BEGINNERS Put your Identification Number on each sheet. Hand in your answer to each question AS SOON AS YOU FINISH IT. QUESTION I-Value 10 Part 1 (Value 5). Give with English tranlation the Latin word from which each of the following English words is derived, and then use the English derivative in a sentence: itinerary, celerity, equestrian, pacifist, ultimatum. (Example: amicable-amicus, friend. The nations were on amicable terms with each other.) Part 2 (Value 5). Make five Latin compound verbs by combining the prefix con with the simple verb, and state the English meaning of each simple verb and of the compound. (Example with in: in+ porto (carry) =importo (carry in, import).) QUESTION II-Value 10 Decline in singular and plural, marking the long quantities of inflectional endings, the Latin for: beautiful ship, my son, you QUESTION III-Value 10 Give the genitive singular, nominative and genitive plural, gender, and English meaning of the following: agricola, caput, eques, praesidium, frater, princeps, mare, hostis, pons, vulnus. QUESTION IV-Value 10 Give the principal parts, marking long quantities of inflectional endings, of the Latin verbs for: be present, say, wage, lead, rule, conquer, ought, stand, hold, send. QUESTION V-Value 10 Conjugate in the tense and voice designated, marking all long quantities: dico, present passive; video, perfect active; habeo, future passive; vinco, future active; iubeo, pluperfect passive. QUESTION VI-Value 25 Translate into English, and then explain the syntax of each italicized word: 1. Garn: amicitiam Romanorum amiserunt quod copias e finibus suis in provinciam finitimam eduxerant. 2. Dominus servis bonis praemia magna dare debet quod et in agris et in silvis bene diuque laboraverunt. 3. Nonne poeta gratus filiis filiabusque amici sui fabulas pulchras de insulis trans mare saepe narrabat? 4. Castra hostium in summo monte gladiis sagittisque a Romanis oppugnata sunt. 5. Properate mecum in hortum ubi multas rosas videbitis. QUESTION VII-Value 25 Translate into Latin, marking the long quantities of inflectional endings: 1. The weary soldiers have been ordered by the consul to attack sud­denly the towns of the Germans across the wide river. 2. Why were the queen's servants always unfriendly to the good farmer? 3. Was the chief seeking rewards by his long marches through our province into the Gaul's territory? 4. Today we shall hasten to the city with our friends and look at the crowd of wretched captives. 5. We ought to praise the goddess because by (her) aid we were not wounded in the battle. TEXAS LATIN TOURNAMENT-APRIL 4, 1935: THIRD TERM BEGUN JANUARY, 1935 Put your Identification Number on each sheet. Turn in your answer to each question AS SOON AS YOU FINISH IT. QUESTION I-Value 15 Decline the following expressions in the number indicated, marking long vowels in the endings and translating the nominative: 1. hie civis, in the singular. 2. impetus audiix, in the plural. 3. fiiirnen celere, in the singular. 4. res iitilis, in the plural. 5. ille consul, in the singular. QUESTION II-Value 5 Write the comparison of the following adjectives and of the adverbs which correspond to them: acer, fortis, diligens, iitilis, malus. QUESTION III-Value 15 Part 1. Translate each of the following verbs, give the form called for, and mark the long vowels: 1. quaero, perfect indicative active, third sing. 2. progredior, future indicative, third plural. 3. vivo, present participle, genitive plural. 4. rogo, pluperfect subj. active, second plu. 5. debeo, perf. infinitive, active. 6. capio, fut. ind. passive, third sing. 7. pello, plup. subj. passive, second sing. 8. hortor, perf. subj., first sing. 9. te1-reo, perf. ind. passive, second sing. 10. possum, imperf. subj., third plural. Part 2. Translate and mark long vowels in the inflectional endings: 1. you (sing.) will use. 2. he will have fortified. 3. they were defending. 4. it had been seen. 5. let us urge. QUESTION IV-Value 25 Translate into English: (Ulysses deals with mutiny) Ulixes soci!s suis quintii ab horii. ad vesperum expectii.tis paucos reliquorum ad terram misit ut causam morae quaererent. Itaque hi statim ad oppidum profecti sunt quod non longe aberat et socios suos ibi invenerunt ebrios (drunk). Tum niintii iis versuadere coniibantur ut secum ad ducis nii.vem discederent. Sed illi non modo responderunt se ibi rniinsiiros esse sed etiam impetu facto ii.criter se manii. defenderunt. "Ciir hie manebitis, socii mei?" quaesivit iinus e niintiis. "Nonne supplicium a duce timetis?" Sed nondum socii cupiebant revenire. Haec omnia niintii:, ubi ad nii.vem venerunt, Ulixi niirrii.verunt, qui: tam incensus est ut ipse cum omnibus qui in nii.vl relict! erant ad locum vroficisceretur et socios suos vi mii.iore victiis ad nii.vem invitos (unwilling) portavit. Tum celerrime a lltoris conspectfl nii.vigii.vit. QUESTION V-Value 10 Explain the syntax of the ten words underlined in the passage above. QUESTION VI-Value 20 Translate into Latin, marking long vowels in the inflectional endings: 1. The master was absent so long that the guards lost all hope. 2. What do you think will be the reward of our work? 3. Let us set out at once in order that we may not be seen here. 4. Having killed the hostages, the Germans attacked the camp with a great shout. QUESTION VII-Value 10 Part 1. Give an English derivative from each of the following Latin words and use the derivative in a sentence: civis, manus, curro, negotium, appello. Part 2. Give and translate the basic Latin word from which each of the following English words is derived; and use the English derivative in a sentence: unprogressive, vivacious, provenience, auditorium, potential. TEXAS LATIN TOURNAMENT-APRIL 4, 1936: SECOND YEAR Put your Identification Number on each sheet. Turn in your answer to each question AS SOON AS YOU FINISH IT. QUESTION I-Value 20 Translate into English: At the Siege of Massilia Quibus rebus commoti legati exercitum ex opere deducunt, oppugnatione desistunt, operibus praesidium relinquunt. Indutiis factis adventus Caesaris exspectatur. Nullum ex muro, nullum a nostris mittitur telum; omnes curam et diligentiam minuunt. Caesar enim per litteras Trebonio diligenter imperaverat ne per vim oppidum expugnari pateretur, ne gravius commoti milites et odio et diutino la bore omnes iuvenes interficerent; quod se f acturos esse minabantur, vixque tum sunt retenti quin in oppidum incurrerent. Hints: indutiae-arum : : truce diutino--adjective from diu minor : : threaten quin:: from QUESTION II-Value 10 In the passage of Question I explain the syntax of the seven italicized words. QUESTION III-Value 20 The forms in the following are taken from the passage in Question I: 1. Decline: quibus rebus in the singular, vim in the plural, diutino labore in the singular, omnes in the masculine singular. 2. Write out the principal parts of pateretur, desistunt, relinquunt, commcti. 3. Write out all the participles of interficerent. 4. Write out all the infinitives of commoti. 5. Conjugate the future indicative passive of retenti sunt. QUESTION IV-Value 20 Translate into Latin: Lucius Tarquinius the Proud (Superbus), the seventh and last king of Rome, after conquering the Volscians (Volsci), made peace with the Tuscans (Tusci). Afterwards, when because of his son's terrible crime, he had lost (perdere) the kingdom, he fled from Rome with his wife and children. For Brutus had persuaded the people to drive him out (excludere), and the army left him also. Thus Rome had seven kings, some very good, some very bad, who reigned for two hundred forty-three years (Nominative: ducenti quadraginta tres). QUESTION V-Value 20 Do not translate the following passage, but read it carefully and answer in complete English sentences the quetsions set below: Curio's Plight Itaque cum hostium copiae in dies augerentur, nostris autem vires deficerent, brevi tempore factum est ut plena essent omnia timoris. Curio tamen ubi perterritis omnibus neque cohortationes suas neque preces audiri intellegit, unam spem reliquam salutis esse arbitratus, proximos colles capi atque eo signa inferri iubet. Sed hos quoque praeoccupat missus ab hoste equitatus. Tum vero ad summam desperationem nostri perveniunt; alii fugientes ab equitatu interficiuntur, alii integri (unharmed) cadunt. Hortatur Curionem Domitius, praefectus equitum, ut fuga salutem petat atque in castra contendat, et se ab eo non discessurum pollicetur. At Curio numquam se amisso exercitu quem a Caesare fidei commissum acceperit in eius conspectum reversurum confirmat, atque ita pugnans interficitur. 1. Name two causes of the general panic among Curio's troops. 2. When Curio failed to calm the men with words, what plan did he form? 3. What prevented the success of the plan, and what was the result for Curio's men? 4. What did Domitius advise, and what promise did he make? 5. How did Curio display his loyalty to Caesar, and what was his fate? QUESTION VI-Value 10 1. Give an English derivative from each of the following Latin words and use the derivative in a sentence which will show clearly its meaning: trado, opus, medius, nullus, 111.anus. 2. Following are headlines taken from the columns of a recent issue of a newspaper. Name a Latin word related to each of the English words which are italicized : POSTPONING START OF SOIL CONSERVATION THREATENS. OFFICERS CAPTURE THEFT SUSPECT. COLLEGE STUDENTS ORGANIZE VETERANS OF FUTURE WARS AND ASK FOR BONUS NOW. MISSING MISSIONARIES SAFE. TEXAS LATIN TOURNAMENT-APRIL 4, 1936: THIRD YEAR Put your Identification Number on each sheet. Turn in your answer to each question AS SOON AS YOU FINISH IT. QUESTION I-Value 10 Translate: Atque etiam supplicatio dis immortalibus pro singulari eorum merito meo nomine decreta est, quod mihi primum post hanc urbem conditam togato contigit, et his decreta verbis est: 'quod urbem incendiis, caede civis, Italiam hello liberassem.' Quae supplicatio si cum ceteris supplicationibus conferatur, hoc interest, quod ceterae bene gesta, haec una conservata re publica con­ stituta est. QUESTION II-Value 15 Part 1. Value 10. Forms and syntax. (The forms are taken from the passage of Question I.) a. Give the nominative singular of dis immortalibus, the nominative plural of nomine, the principal parts of decreta, contigit, and gesta. b. Explain the form of liberassem and give the reason for the mood. c. Explain the syntax of conferatur and gesta. Part 2. Value 5. Write the following forms: a. Perfect active indicative, third plural, of 71ertimesco. b. Future active indicative, first singular, of obeo. c. Present passive subjunctive, third singular, of f ero. d. Pluperfect passive subjunctive, second plural, of praetermitto. e. Imperfect active subjunctive, second singular, of nolo. QUESTION Ill-Value 15 Translate at sight: (Servius Sulpicius writes from Athens to Cicero in Rome, telling of his meeting with Marcellus.) Quamquam scio non iucundissimum me nuntium vobis adlaturum, tamen, quod casus et natura in nobis dominatur, visum est faciendum, ut quo modo res se haberet vos certiores facerem. Ante diem X Kal. lun., cum ab Epidauro Piraeum navi advectus essem, ibi M. Marcellum, collegam nostrum, conveni, eumque diem ibi consumpsi ut cum eo essem. Postero die, cum ab eo digressus essem, eo consilio ut ab Athenis irem, ille, ut aiebat, ad Italiam navigaturus erat. Helps: dominor-verb from dominus. Piraeus-the harbor of Athens. QUESTION IV-Value 10 Questions on background: 1. Cicero delivered the third oration against Catiline to the people in the Forum. How does a modern statesman inform the public of his achievements? 2. What modern costume corresponds to the toga? 3. What detail of the settlement of the conspiracy was afterward used to injure Cicero's career? 4. (a) What three public offices did Cicero hold before his consulship? (b) In which of these did he especially distinguish himself? (c) What honorable office did he hold after his consulship? 5. Where had Cicero received that part of his education which corre­sponds to work in the graduate school of a modern university? QUESTION V-Value 20 Write in Latin: 1. The senate used such mildness that Catiline alone was to be feared of all the enemies of the state. 2. If the wicked band of conspirators had remained in Rome, the consul would not have been freed from fear. 3. We beg the Gauls to do what the ambassadors decided. 4. Since this has been done, you must see to it that that bold leader of the conspiracy departs also. QUESTION VI-Value 15 Do not translate the following passage, but read it carefully and then answer the questions which follow it, using complete English sentences. The sacrilege committed by the proconsul Dolabella on the island of Delos at the temple of Apollo, and the consequences thereof. Delum venit. Ibi ex fano (shrine) Apollinis religiosissimo noctu clam sustulit signa (statues) pulcherrima atque antiquissima eaque in navem suam conicienda curavit. Postridie cum fanum spoliatum viderent ii, qui Delum incolebant, graviter ferebant; est enim tanta apud eos eius fani religio atque antiquitas, ut in eo loco ipsum Apollinem natum esse arbitrentur. Verbum tamen facere non audebant, ne forte ea res ad Dolabellam ipsum pertineret. Tum su.bito tempestates coortae sunt maximae, in.dices, ut non modo proficisci, cum cuperet, Dolabella non posset, sed vix in oppido consisteret; ita magni fluctus eiciebantur. Hie navis ilia praedonis (pirate) istius onusta signis religiosis fluctu frangitur. In litore si~na Apollinis reperiuntur, iussu Dolabellae reponuntur, tempestas sedatur, Dolabella Delo proficiscitur. 1. What sacrilege did Dolabella commit, and how did he try to con­ceal it? 2. What was the legend as to the age and sanctity of the temple? 3. When did the inhabitants discover the deed, and why did they make no complaint? 4. How did the god show his anger? 5. What was the fate of the plundered objects? 6. How did the god show that he was appeased? QUESTION VII-Value 15 Part 1. Value 10. Point out and define the Latin original of each of the following words and show to what extent the meaning in English differs from that of its Latin original: fascism, quondam, consul, triumph, inertia. Part 2. Value 5. Translate each of the following words, give an English derivative, and use the derivative in a sentence: career, foedus, cresco, pes, emo. TEXAS LATIN TOURNAMENT-APRIL 4, 1936: FOURTH YEAR Put your Identification Number on each sheet. Turn in your answer to each question AS SOON AS YOU FINISH IT. QUESTION I-Value 10 Translate (Selection A): 'Heu fuge, nate dea, teque his,' ait, 'eripe flammis: hostis habet muros; ruit alto a culmine Troia. Sat patriae Priamoque datum; si Pergama dextra defendi possent, etiam, hac defenso fuissent. Sacra suosque tibi commendat Troia Penatis: hos cape fatorum comites, his moenia quaere, magna pererrato statues quae denique ponto.' QUESTION II-Value 18 Part 1. Value 10. Forms (taken from Selection A) . a. Decline in full: te, comites. b. Give the principal parts of eripe, quaere. c. Conjugate in tbe given mood, tense, and voice: possent, statues. Part 2. Value 8. Syntax. a. For each of the following verbs in Selection A tell the mood and tense and explain why that mood is used: fuge, defendi, fuissent, statues. b. For each of the following nouns in Selection A tell the case and explain why that case is used: dextra, comites, his, ponto. QUESTION III-Value 13 Part 1. Value 8. Scansion. Copy and mark the scansion of the first four lines of Selection A. Part 2. Value 5. Settings. Give briefly the setting of the following lines: a. Par levibus ventis volucrique simillima somno. b. Apparent rari nantes in gurgite vasto. c. Quidquid id est, timeo Danaos et dona ferentis. d. Sunt lacrimae rerum et mentem mortalia tangunt. e. Tros Tyriusque mihi nullo discrimine agetur. QUESTION IV-Value 9 Translate (Selection B) : Tu faciem illius noctem non amplius unam falle dolo et notos pueri puer indue vultus, ut, cum te gremio accipiet laetissima Dido regalis inter mensas laticemque Lyaeum, cum dabit amplexus atque oscula dulcia figet, occultum inspires ignem fallasque veneno.' QUESTION V-Value 17 Translate at sight (Selection C) : (Nisus in vain begs the Rutulians to turn their vengeance on him and not on Euryalus.) 'Me, me, adsum, qui feci, in me convertite ferrum, o Rutuli ! mea fraus omnis; nihil iste nee ausus nee potuit; caelum hoc et conscia sidera testor; tantum infelicem nimium dilexit amicum.' Talia dicta dabat; sed viribus ensis adactus transabiit costas et candida pectora rumpit; volvitur Euryalus leto, pulchrosque per artus it cruor, inque umeros cervix conlapsa recumbit, purpureus veluti cum flos succisus aratro languescit moriens lassove papavera collo demisere caput, pluvia cum forte gravantur. Notes: transabeo -transfigo costa-rib aratrum -plow lassus -wearied papaver-poppy pluvia -rain QUESTION VI-Value 15 Part 1. Value 5. General information. Who or what were the following? a. Calchas b. Libya c. Peplum d. Hyades e. Cytherea f. Ithaca g. Pyrrhus h. Caelicolae i. Saturnia j. Penates Part 2. Value 5. Virgil's life. Write briefly of the life of Virgil, including the following points: (a) Period in which he lived. (b) Place of birth. (c) Friends. ( d) Chief works and their subject matter. (e) Character as a man. Part 3. Value 5. Memory work. Quote: (a) from the Aeneid the four lines beginning Per varios casus; (b) from Tennsyson's ode "To Virgil" the closing stanza which begins "I salute thee." QUESTION VII-Value 8 Part 1. For each of the following Latin words write an English sentence containing an English derivative from it: convenio, tondeo, pingo, oculus, crater. Part 2. For each of the following English words give the basic Latin word from which it is derived and the meaning of that Latin word: alien, orient, advocate, tradition, doctor. QUESTION VIII-Value 10 Write in Latin: 1. What would you do if you should see her? 2. The teachers all declare that Virgil was the greatest of Latin poets. 3. Let us run as fast as we can so that the enemy won't catch us. 4. Ye shall know the truth and the truth will make you free. 5. When Creusa had been killed, both Aeneas and his father fled from Troy.