TEXAS HISTORY SYLLABUS 
FOR USE IN 
EXTEMPORANEOUS SPEECH CONTESTS 

Bureau of Public School lntereats 
Diviaion of Extension 

PUBLISHED BY 
THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS 
AUSTIN 

Publications Committees: 
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J. T. PATTERSON R. H. GRIFFITH LOUISE BAREKMAN A. SCHAFFER FREDERIC DUNCALF G. W. STUMBERG FREDERICK EBY A. P. WINSTON 
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C. F. ARROWOOD C. D. SIMMONS 
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THI llllVltRSITY OF TllAI Piii• 
~ 

TEXAS HISTORY SYLLABUS 
FOR USE IN 
EXTEMPORANEOUS SPEECH CONTESTS 

Bar-a of Public School lnterellta 
DiYl•ioa of Estenaioa 

PUllL18HllED •Y THK UNIYKUITY POUR TIMU A MONTH AND KNT•lllllED M HCOND-CLAU MATT•lll AT TH• P08TOPPIC• AT AU8TIN, TDM, UNDO THK ACT OP AUGU8T &4, 191& 
Tbe heae&ta of edueatl--d of uaeful lmowledae, aenerall7 cliffuaed throuah a community, are eHential to the preaet'Yation of a free lfOYern­ment. 
Sam Houaton 
Cultiyated mind ia the auardian aenha of Democracy,and while auided and controlled by Yirtue, the nobleat attribute of m-. Itia the only dictator that freemen aclmowledae, and the only aecarit7 which fr-men deaire. 
Mirabeau B. Lamar 
T
HIS SYLLABUS is published for the convenience of pupils who wish to prepare for the Extemporaneous Speech con­test during Texas Centennial year. It furnishes a guide for a systematic survey of Texas history, and may be used with good effect by regular classes in Texas history. 
The outline and syllabus here presented were originally pre­pared to accompany E. C. Barker's Readings in Texas History and are reproduced with the kind permission of the publisher, 
P. L. Turner, President, Turner Company, Wholesale Mer­chants Building, 912 Commerce, Dallas, Texas. In "Refer­ences" this work is listed as "Readings,'' and page numbers in the body of the outline itself refer to this book. 
Dr. Barker has adapted the outline for use in the extem­poraneous speech contests 1935-36 by inclusion of additional references, and the listing of "Prominent Characters of the Period" in the appropriate connection. 
The books cited are in general use in the schools, so that there will be little extra expense for any school which wishes to train pupils for this contest. The book entitled Centennial Declamations is issued by The Interscholastic League pri­marily for use in the declamation contests of the League during the present school year. The newly adopted Texas History by Wharton is also used as a reference in the Syllabus. The other books listed herein are old standbys in general circulation among the school libraries and in possession of the school children throughout the state. 
In spite of its elementary character, the School History of Texas, by Barker, Potts and Ramsdell, can be used to ad­vantage in parallel reading. It is readily available in all public schools, and for that reason is listed in most of the references. Garrison's Texas (Houghton Mifflin Company, Dallas) is a valuable supplementary work down to the Civil War. Additional general reference books are listed in Readings (Turner Company), pp. 641-643. 
Scrapbooks made up of historical material clipped from Texas papers will be found excellent supplementary material, especially if cross-indexed with the Syllabus. 
Chief, Bureau of 
Public School Interests, 
Eztension Diwion. 



EXTEMPORE SPEECH SYLLABUS 
IN TEXAS HISTORY 

THE SPANISH PERIOD OF TEXAS HISTORY, 1528-1821 
TOPIC 1. The Backcround of Texas History: The Spanish Period. 
1. 	
Establishment of the Spanish claim to Texas. 

2. 	
Establishment of the French claim to Texas. 

3. 	
Spanish occupation of Texas. 

4. 	
The forerunners of Anglo-American immigration. 

5. 	
The purchase of Louisiana, and the boundary claims of the United States. 


REFERENCES: Readings, Chap. I, pages 3-9; Barker, Potts, and Rams­dell, Chap. I-III; Garrison, Te:x:as, Chap. I-III; C.R. Wharton, Tke LOfl.6 Star State, Chap. I-V. 
Prominent characters of the period: Cabeza de Vaca, Father Damion de Massanet, Robert Cavalier de la Salle, Philip Nolan, Dr. James Long. 
TOPIC 2. The Becinninc of Spanish Occupation. 
1. La Salle's settlement arouses Spanish fears. 
a. 	The object and history of the French colony. 
2. 	
The Spanish search for the French colony. 

3. 	
The first Spanish missions in Texas. 

a. 	
Location. 

b. 
Causes of failure. 

c. 	
Historical importance. 




REFERENCES: Readings, Chap. II and pages 4-5, 10-20; Garrison, Te:x:as, Chap. III-IV; Barker, Potts, and Ramsdell, Chap. II; Wharton, Chap. III. 
Prominent characters of the period: Robert Cavalier de la Salle, Alonzo de Le6n, Louis Juchereau de St. Denis. 
TOPIC 3. The Location of La Salle's Colony and Details of lta History. 
1. 
La Salle's purpose. 

2. 	
The circumstances under which the settlement was made in Texas. 

3. 
The history of the colony. 

4. 	
The Spanish search for the colony. 

a. 	
The De Le6n expeditions. 

b. 
The Llanos expedition. 


(1) The Cardenas map. 

5. 	
The beginnings of Goliad. 

6. 	
How Professor Bolton discovered the location of the French colony. 


REFERENCES: Readings, Chap. III and pages 10-12; additional refer­ences in introductory note, page 17; Wharton, Chap. III. Prominent characters of the period: La Salle, De Le6n. 
TOPIC 4. The Permanent Spanish Settl-ent of Texas. 
1. 
Review of the first Spanish settlements. 

2. 	
French occupation of the northern gulf coast. 


a. 	The St. Denis expedition from Red River (Natchitoches) to the Rio Grande. 
8. The Spanish settlement of East Texas. 
a. 	
The personnel and equipment of the expedition. 

b. 
Description of the line of march. 

c. 
Location 	of the settlements around Nacogdoches and San Augustine. 

(1) 	
Relations with the Indians. 

(2) 	
Relations with the French. 




REFERENCES: Readings, Chap. IV, pages 27-88 and 6-7; Barker, Potts, and Ramsdell, pages 21-84 and xxiii-xxv; Garrison, Texa.a, Chap. IV, VII; Wharton, Chap. IV. 
Prominent character of the period: St. Denis. 
TOPIC 5. Spaniah Miaaion Life and Ma-sement. 
1. 	Equipment of the missions. 
a. 	
Buildings. 

b. 	
Farming implements. 

c. 	
Livestock. 


2. 	Training of the Indians. 
a. 	
Religious teaching. 

b. 
Labor. 


8. 	Agricultural products. 
4. Relations with non-Christianized Indians. 
REFERENCES: Readings, Chap. V, pages 84-41; Barker, Potts, and Ramsdell, 84-88; Garrison, Texas, Chap. VI; Wharton, Chap. V. 
TOPIC 8. Texaa at the End of the Spaniah Period. 
1. Civilized settlements (pages 42-44, 63-64). 
a. 	
Location. 

b. 
Number of inhabitants. 

c. 	
Occupations. 

d. 
Condition of settlements. 

e. 
Causes of backwardness. 

f. 	
Reforms needed (pages 64-68). 


2. Indian population. 
a. 	
Friendly tribes. 

(1) 
General location. 

(2) 	
Agriculture-methods and productions. 

(3) 	
Trade-markets, commodities, and methods. 

(4) 	
Relations with civilized settlements. 



b. 	
Hostile tribes. 

(1) 	
General location. 

(2) 	
Methods of living. 

(8) 	
Characteristics of the Comanches and Lipanes (Apaches). 




REFERENCES: Readings, Chap. VI, pages 42-58 and 7-9; Barker, Potts, and Ramsdell, 84-86; Garrison, Texu, Chap. IX. 
THE PERIOD OF ANGLO-AMERICAN COLONIZATION, 1821-1831 
TOPIC 7. The Be1rinnin1rs of the Anslo-American Settlement of Texas. 
1. Moses Austin obtains permission to settle 300 families. 
a. 	
His journey to San Antonio. 

b. 	
His experiences at San Antonio. 

c. 	
His return to Missouri. 

d. 	
Preparations for the colony, and death. 


2. Stephen F. Austin establishes the first colony in Texas. 
a. 	
His journey to Texas. 

(1) Condition of Nacogdoches, San Antonio, and Goliad. 

b. 	
Selection of location for the colony. 

c. 	
Terms offered settlers. 

d. 
Settlement of the first families. 

e. 
The history of the Lively. 


3. 	Austin's journey to Mexico. 
a. 	
Reasons for the journey. 

b. 
Austin's description of the country and incidents of travel. 


RlilFERENCES: Readings, Chap. VII, pages 69-72; Barker, Potts, and Ramsdell, 61-82; Garrison, Texas, Chap. XIII; Wharton, Chap. VII. Prominent characters of the period: Moses Austin, Stephen F. Austin, Josiah H. Bell, Baron de Bastrop. 
TOPIC 8. Terms of the Mexican Colonisation Laws. 
1. The National colonization law-passed by Congress. 
a. 	
Privileges offered colonists (Articles 1, 6, 7). 

b. 
Restrictions applying to colonists (Articles 12, 13, 16). 

c. 	
Powers granted to the states (Articles 3, 4, 9). 

d. 
Powers reserved by Congress 	and the Federal Government (Articles 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 10). 

e. 	
Privileges of empresarios (Article 14). 


2. 	The state colonization law of Coahuila and Texas. 
a. 	
Privileges allowed colonists (Articles 1, 2, 6, 11, 14-17, 31-33, 46). 

b. 	
Obligations of colonists (Articles 2, 6, 22, 26, 46). 

c. 
Regulations concerning empresarios (Articles 8, 9, 12-13). 

d. 
Restrictions upon locations (Article 7). 

e. 	
Religion (Articles 6, 46) • 

f. 	
Slavery (Article 46). 


REFERENCES: Readings, Chap. VIII, pages 73-78, and 86-88; Barker, Potts, and Ramsdell, 66-82; Garrison, Texas, Chap. XIV. Prominent characters of the period: Green DeWitt, Haden Edwards. 
TOPIC 9. The Powers and Duties of an Empreaario. 
1. 
The legal rights and duties of the empresario. 

2. 	
The terms upon which he received premium land. 

3. 
The powers of the land commissioner. 

4. 	
History of Austin's first contract. 

a. 	
His extraordinary powers under that contract. 

b. 
How his position differed from that of other empresarios. 




REFERENCES: Readings, Chap. IX, pages 79-85. 
Prominent character of the period: Stephen F. Austin. 
TOPIC 10. The Work of the Empreaarioa in the Colonization of Teii:aa. 
1. The Mexican colonization laws. 
a. 	
The imperial law and the national law. 

b. 	
The state laws of 1825 and 1832. 


2. 	
The empresarios. 

3. 	
Terms of the empresario contracts. 

4. 	
The two groups of minor empresarios. 

5. 	
The boundaries of the empresario grants. 


REFERENCES: Readings, Chap. X, pages 86-102; Barker, Life of Stephen F. A-u.stin, Chap, V-VII; Quarterly of Texas State Historical Association, VIII, 95-130. 
Prominent·characters of the period : Sterling C. Robertson, Lorenzo de Zavala, David G. Burnet. 
TOPIC 11. The Government of Texaa, 1821-1835. 
1. 
Texas as a member of the Spanish Eastern Interior Provinces. 

2. 	
The early local government in Austin's colony. 

a. 	
Austin's powers and authority. 

b. 
The local divisions of his colony. 

c. 	
His laws, civil and criminal. 

d. 
The militia organization. 

e. 	
The land system. 

(1) 
Austin's influence in passage of the imperial coloniza­tion law. 

(2) 
Controversy with colonists over fees. 

(3) 
Method of procedure in granting land titles. 





3. 
The establishment and operation of constitutional government. 

a. 	
The law for the government of towns. 

(1) Duties of the ayuntamiento. 

b. 
Creation of the ayuntamiento of San Felipe. 

(1) 
Duties of the alcalde. 

(2) 
Operation of the ayuntamiento. 






Rl!:FERENCES: Readings, Chap. XI, pages 103-114; Barker, Life of Stephen F. AUBtin, Chap. V. Prominent characters of the period: Stephen F. Austin, Josiah H. Bell, Thomas M. Duke, Francis D. Johnson, R. M. Williamson. 
TOPIC 12. Deacription of Texaa, 1828-1833. 
1. 
Physical 	geography-location, climate, rivers, mountains (pages 115-116, 120-126). 

2. 	
Minerals (pages 116, 120, 126). 


8. 	Agricultural products (pages 117, 120, 128, 188). 
4. 
Live stock (pages 120, 125, 133). 

5. 	
Manufactures (pages 132-188). 

6. 	
Markets (pages 115, 121). 

7. 	
Population-numbers and characters (pages 118-119, 122, 124, 125, 127, 129, 130, 132). 

8. 
Schools (page 133). 

9. 	
Historical review (pages 117, 118, 119, 127). 


REFERENCES: Readings, Chap. XII, pages 116-134; Quarterly of Texas State Historical Association, VIII, 232-258; Soutkwestll'MI. His­torical Quarterly, XXVIII, 177-222; Bolton and Barker, Witk tke Mtlkll1'B of Texas (American Book Company), 144-148; Wharton, Chap. XIX. 
TOPIC 13. Life and Character of the Early Texana. 
1. 	Character. 
a. 
Impressions 	of early settlers held by people on the borders of the United States. 

(1) Austin's explanation of the impressions. 

b. 	
Austin's characterization of the settlers. 


2. Life in the early settlements. 
a. 	
Houses. 

b. 
Food. 

c. 	
Clothing. 

d. 
Labor. 

e. 
Amusements. 


REFERENCES: Readings, Chap. XIII-XIV, 135-146, and pages 82, 88, 109, 118-119, 127, 129, 133; Barker, Potts, and Ramsdell, 72-82; Barker, Life of Stephen F. Austin, 87, 97, 137, 151, 274, 253; A. W. Terrell, "Early Texans," in Centennial Declamations. 
TOPIC 14. Stephen F. Auatin: Hia Problem• and Servicea. 
1. 	
His early life-unconscious training for his great work. 

2. 	
His conception of the nature of his work. 

3. 
The importance of his visit to Mexico, 1822-1823. 

4. 	
His extraordinary powers in Texas. 

5. 	
Friction with some of the colonists over land fees and land grants. 

6. 	
His services to the colonists. 

a. 	
His promotion of their interests with the government. 

b. 	
His labors for the advancement of Texas. 



7. 	
His loyalty to Mexice>-opposition to annexation to the United States. 

8. 	
His attitude toward slavery. 


REFERENCES: Readings, Chap. XV, pages 147-158; Barker, Life of Stephen F. Austin, Chap. IX; "The Aims of Stephen F. Austin," in Centennial Declamations; E. C. Barker, "The Service of Stephen F. Austin," in ibid.; Barker, "The Character of Stephen F. Austin,'' in ibid. 
THE PERIOD OF THE REVOLUTION 
TOPIC 15. The Development of the Texas Revolution. 
1. 	The Law of April 6, 1830, attempts to end colonization of Tuaa from the United States. 
a. 	
The effect of the law upon Austin. 

b. 	
Measures for the enforcement of the law. 


2. 	The disturbances of 1832. 
a. 	
The establishment of military garrisons. 

b. 	
The administration of the tariff. 

c. 	
The attack on Anahuac. 

d. 	
The battle of Velasco. 

e. 	
Expulsion of troops from Nacogdoches. 

f. 	
The Texans declare for Santa Anna. 

(1) 	
The Mexia expedition. 

(2) 	
The sincerity of the Texans. 




3. The Conventions of 1832 and 1833. 
a. 	
The reforms demanded by the Texans. 

(1) 	
Tariff reform. 

(2) 	
Judiciary reform. 

(3) 	
Repeal of the Law of April 6, 1830. 

(4) 	
State government. 



b. 	
Austin's mission to Mexico. 

(1) 	
Repeal of the Law of April 6, 1830. 

(2) 	
Passage of reform laws by the legislature of Coahuila and Texas. 

(3) 	
Austin's arrest. 




4. Conditions in Texas during 1834. 
a. 	
Pestilence and flood. 

b. 
Subsidence of political discontent. 


5. 	Santa Anna overthrows the republican constitution in Mexico and establishes a practical dictatorship. 
a. 	Plans to occupy Texas with garrisons. 
6. 	The revolution gets under way. 
a. 	
Travis attacks Anahuac. 

b. 	
The call for a consultation. 

c. 	
Austin returns to Texas and leads the movement for a consultation. 

d. 	
The Battle of Gonzales. 


7. 	The immediate cause of the revolution. 
REFERENCES: Readings, Chap. XVI, pages 159-182; Barker, Potts, and Ramsdell, 83-100, xviii; Garrison, Texas, Chap. XVI; Barker, Mexico and Texas, 1821-1895, Chap. I-III; Wharton, Chap. VIII-XII; 
S. F. Austin, "The Imprisonment of Austin," in Centennial.Declamations; Austin, "The Significance of Texas Independence," in ibid.; "Texas' Declaration of Independence," in ibid. 
Prominent characters of the period: Manuel Mier y Teran (see Barker, Life of Stephen F. Austin), John D. Bradburn, William B. Travis, Samuel M. Williams, James Bowie, David Crockett, Sam 
TOPIC 16. Grievances of the Texana: Cauaea of the Revolution. 
1. 	Austin's protest against the Law of April 6, 1830. (See Articles 10-11 in introductory note, page 183.) 
a. 	
Mexico owes the colonists a debt of gratitude for improving Texas and controlling the Indians. 

b. 	
The law hampers the development of Texas and is contrary to the best interests of Mexico. 

c. 
It implies that the colonists are disloyal to Mexico. 

d. 
On 	the contrary the colonists believe that it is to their interest to remain united with Mexico. 


(1) 	Markets in Mexico. 
2. William H. Wharton's protest against the Law of April 6, 1830. 
a. 	
The services of the settlers in giving value to the lands of Texas. 

b. 	
The uniform loyalty of the colonists to Mexico-for example, in the Fredonian rebellion-entitles them to the confidence of the Government. 

c. 	
The injurious effects of the law in stopping the settlement of Texas. 


(1) 	Neither Europeans nor Mexicans will settle it. If Americans are excluded, it will be ruined. 
3. The protests of the Convention of 1833. 
a. 	
Austin's statement of grievances. 

(1) 
Review of the history of colonization. 

(a) 	
Desire of the colonists to fulfill their duties as Mexican citizens. 

(b) 	
Previous protests and petitions for reform (pages 195-196). 



(2) 	
Political confusion in Mexico and paralysis of state government. 

(3) 	
Defects in the judicial system. 

(a) 	
In civil cases. 

(b) 	
In criminal cases. 



(4) 	
Necessity for state government. 



b. 
David G. Burnet's argument for reform. 

(1) 	
Right of petition. 

(2) 
Abuses 	which Texas suffers through union with Coahuila. 

(3) 	
The need of separate state government for Texas. 

(4) 
Objections to territorial government. 




REFERENCES: Readings, Chap. XVII-XVIII, pages 183-208, and 159-161; 168-172; Barker, Potts, and Ramsdell, pages 83-100; Garrison, Texas, Chap. XVI; W. H. Wharton, "Causes of the Texas Revolution," in Centennial Declamations; D. G. Burnet, "How a State Government in Texas Would Benefit Mexico," in ibid.; Burnet, "Separation from Coahuila," in ibid. 
Prominent characters of the period: D&vid G. Burnet, William H. Wharton, Stephen F. Austin, Ramon Musquiz. 
TOPIC 17. The Government Durinl' the Te:ii:aa Revolution. 
1. The formation of the provisional government. 
a. 
The calling of the Consultation (pages 179-180). 

(1) 	
Austin returns from imprisonment in Mexico and reports on political conditions. 

(a) 	
Santa Anna is overthrowing republican gov­ernment. 

(b) 	
Santa Anna professes friendship and desire to remedy abuses in Texas. 



(2) 
Explains necessity for holding the Consultation. 

(a) 	The people must unite and accept or reject the political changes. 

(3) 	
Banquet and ball to celebrate Austin's return. 



b. 	
The Consultation votes against a declaration of inde­pendence. 

c. 	
The Consultation creates the provisional government. 

(1) 
Governor, Lieutenant-governor, and General Council. 

(2) 	
Provision for regular army. 




(a) 	Sam Houston commander-in-chief. 
2. 	The operation of the provisional government. 
a. 
Sends 	commissioners to the United States to obtain assistance. 

b. 
The 	quarrel between the Governor and General Council paralyzes the Government and military preparation. 

c. 	
Relations with the Indians. 


3. 	The military situation. 
a. 	
Texas volunteers capture San Antonio and expel Mexican troops in December, 1835. 

b. 	
Arrival of volunteers from the United States. 

c. 	
Controversy over the Matamoras expedition. 

d. 	
Santa Anna's preparations for invasion of Texas. 


4. 	Declaration of Independence, March 2, 1836. 
REFERENCES: Readings, Chap. XIX-XX, pages 209-220, and 176-182; Barker, Potts, and Ramsdell, 108-113; Garrison, Te~as, Chap. XVII; Wharton, Chap. XI; S. F. Austin, "Urging a General Consultation of the People of Texas," in Centennial Declamations; B. T. Archer, "In­augural Address at the San Felipe 'Consultation,'" in ibid. 
Prominent characters of the period: William H. Wharton, Sam Houston, David G. Burnet, Henry Smith, D. C. Barrett, Stephen F. Austin, R. R. Royall, Branch T. Archer, Gail Borden. 
TOPIC 18. The Campail'n of 1835. 
1. The Battle of Gonzales. 
a. 	
Colonel Ugartechea attempts to reclaim a cannon at Gonzales. 

b. 	
Refusal of the alcalde to surrender it. 

c. 	
Gathering of volunteers to defend it. 

d. 
The Battle of Gonzales. 

e. 
Organization to march on San Antonio. 


(1) Austin elected commander of volunteers. 
2. 	The capture of Goliad. 
a. 	Military supplies captured. 
3. 	The siege and capture of San Antonio. 
a. 	
General Burleson's report of the storming of the town. 

b. 	
The terms of General Cos's surrender. 


4. 	The General Council thanks the volunteers. 
REFERENCES: Readings, Chap. XXI, pages 221-238; Barker, Potts, and Ramsdell, 100-107; Garrison, Texas, Chap. XVII; Barker, Life of Stephen F. Austin, Chap. XVI; Wharton, Chap. X. 
Prominent characters of the period: Andrew Ponton, Ben Milam, Stephen F. Austin, James Bowie, James W. Fannin, Francis W. Johnson, Edward Burleson, Sam Houston. 
TOPIC 19. The Declaration of Independence. 
1. 	The Convention authorizes the appointment of a committee to prepare a declaration of independence. 
a. 	
The members of the committee and their previous attitude toward independence. 

b. 	
The authorship of the declaration. 

c. 	
Other work of the members of the committee. 


2. 	The Declaration of Independence. 
a. 	
Assertion of the right to declare independence (paragraph 1 of the document, page 242). 

b. 	
The reasons for declaring independence (pages 243-244). 

c. 	
The declaration. 


REFERENCES: Readings, Chap. XXII, pages 284-245; Garrison, Texas, Chap. XVIII; Wharton, Chap. XI; S. F. Austin, "Our Purpose is Free­dom,'' in Centennial Declarnations; W. H. Wharton, "Texas Shall Be Free,'' in ibid.; Austin, "The Significance of Texas Independence,'' in ibid. 
Prominent characters of the period: George C. Childress, Thomas J. Rusk, David G. Burnet, Lorenzo de Zavala, Richard Ellis, J. A. Navarro, Francisco Ruiz. 
TOPIC 20. The Constitution of the Republic of Texas. 
1. 	The framing of the Constitution. 
a. 	
The meeting of the Convention. 

b. 	
The uncomfortable surroundings of the Convention. 

c. 	
Leading members of the Convention. 


2. 	The work of the Convention. This section may be omitted by high school students, pages 250-255. 
a. 	
The land question. 

b. 	
Other difficulties. 


8. 	Analysis of the Constitution. This section may be omitted by high school students, pages 255-258. 
4. 	The history of the document. 
a. 	
Ratification by popular vote in September, 1886. 

b. 	
The mystery of the official copy. 


REFERENCES: Readings, Chap. XXIII, omitting pages l&0-2158; Gar­rison, Te~a,a, Chap. XVIII. 
Prominent characters of the period: Thomas J, Rusk, David G. Burnet, Sam P. Carson, James W. Collinsworth, Robert Potter. 
TOPIC 21. The Fall of the Alamo. 
1. Travis announces the arrival of the Mexican advance. 
a. 	
Refusal to surrender. 

b. 	
Preparations to defend the Alamo. 


2. 	Governor Smith's call for reinforcements. 
a. 	
Strength of the Alamo garrison. 

b. 
Total 	strength of Mexican forces threatening Texas-but not all at the Alamo. 


8. 	Fannin's failure to reinforce the Alamo. 
4. Travis's 	last letter from the Alamo-report of the siege, Feb­ruary 25-March 8, 1836. 
a. 	
Number and position of the enemy. 

b. 
Reinforcements from Gonzales. 

c. 	
Fortification of Alamo. 

d. 
Services of Bonham. 

e. 	
Arrival of Santa Anna. 

(1) Compare Travis's 	statement with the diary on page 267, entry for February 27. 

f. 
Belief 	that all Mexican inhabitants of San Antonio are enemies of the Texans. 


5. 
Colonel Almonte's account of the siege from the Mexican side. 

6. 
Santa Anna's order for the attack. 

a. 	
Equipment of the attackers. 

b. 	
Hour for attack. 



7. 	
Santa Anna's report of the fall of the Alamo. 

a. 
The Texas defense of the Alamo. 

b. 
Losses of the enemy (see note at bottom of page 270). 

c. 	
Losses of the Mexicans. 



8. 
Ruiz's account of the fall of the Alamo. 

a. 
Description of the fighting. 

b. 
Scene of the defense after the fighting was over. 

c. 
Disposition of the dead-Texans and Mexicans. 




REF!lRENCES: Readings, Chap. XXIV, pages 262-272; Barker, Potta, and Ramsdell, 118-137; Garrison, Te~a,a, 198-209; Wharton, Chap. XII; Guy M. Bryan, "The Babe of the Alamo," in Centennial Declama.tiona; Tom Connally, "The Alamo," ibid. 
Prominent characters of the period: Travis, Bowie, Crockett, Jamea 
B. Bonham, Santa Anna. 
TOPIC 22. The Goliad Campaisn. 
1. The story of the campaign in brief. 
a. 
General Houston orders Fannin to retreat from Goliad. 

(1) 
The question of Fannin's disobedience. 

(2) 
Causes of Fannin's delay. 


(a) 	The operations of King and Ward at Refuslo. 

b. 	
The retreat. 

(1) 	
Disastrous effects of skirmishes on March 18. 

(2) 	
Breakdown of ammunition wagon halts the retreat. 



c. 
The Battle of Coleto. 

(1) 	The night of March 19. 

d. 	
The surrender of Fannin. 

(
1) The terms of the surrender (compare pages 279 and 295). 

(2) 	
The misunderstanding of the written terms by Fan­nin's men. 



e. 	
The Goliad massacre. 


2. 	The Letters of John Sowers Brooks giving intimate details of the Goliad campaign. 
a. 	
Reports from the Alamo (pages 281, 283, 286, 288, 290). 

b. 
The history 	of Fannin's movements (pages 181-2, 283, 285, 287-8, 290). 

c. 	
Destruction of forces under Johnson and Grant (pages 286, 289-90). 

d. 	
Lack of harmony among the Texans (page 287). 


3. 	The Mexican story of the Goliad massacre. 
a. 	
The Battle of Coleto (pages 291-295). 

b. 	
The surrender (page 295). 

c. 	
The massacre (pages 296-297). 


REFERENCES: Readings, Chap. XXV, pages 273-297; Barker, Potts, and Ramsdell, 128-133; Garrison, Texas, 205--206; Castaneda, The Mexi­can Side of the Texan Revolution, 214-237; Wharton, Chap. XII; M. B. Lamar, "Santa Anna," in Centennial Declamations. 
Prominent characters of the period: James W. Fannin, James Grant, Francis W. Johnson, Alexander Horton. 
TOPIC 23. The San Jacinto Campaign. 
1. 	Houston's retreat from Gonzales. 
a. 	
The burning of Gonzales. 

b. 
Crossing the Colorado. 

(1) Houston learns of Fannin's surrender. 

c. 	
Encampment at Groce's on the Brazos. 


(1) Mosely 	Baker and Wyley Martin withdraw from Houston. 
(a) Baker burns San Felipe. 
2. 	Santa Anna's movements. 
a. 	
His plan of campaign (page 300). 

b. 	
He advances eastward and burns Harrisburg. 

c. 	
His pursuit of President Burnet. 


3. 	Houston resumes his march. 
a. 	
From the Brazos to Harrisburg. 

b. 	
To San Jacinto. 


4. 	The Battle of San Jacinto (pages 302, 307, 312). 
a. 	
The numbers engaged (pages 301, 302, 306, 307, 310, 314). 

b. 	
The result of the battle. 


5. 	The capture of Santa Anna. 
a. 	His treaty with Houston and Rusk. 
6. 
Houston's report. 

7. 	
Santa Anna's report. 

8. 
The "runaway scrape." 


REFERENCES: Readings, Chap. XXVI, pages 298-839; Barker, Potts, and Ramsdell, 133-142; Garrison, Texas, 218-228; Wharton, Chap. XII; 
M. B. Lamar, "Mexican Prisoners and Santa Anna," in Cmtmnial Declamations; "Houston's Farewell to the San Jacinto Soldiers," in ibid.; N. G. Kittrell, "The Significance of the Battle of San Jacinto," in ibid.; W. J. Bryan, "The Career of Sam Houston," in ibid.; "La Bahia," in ibid.; Tom Connally, "The Significance of San Jacinto," in ibid. 
Prominent characters of the period: Sam Houston, Thomas J. Rusk, 
M. B. Lamar, Sidney Sherman, Deaf Smith, John A. Wharton, David 
G. Burnet, J. N. Almonte. 
Section IV 
THE PERIOD OF THE REPUBLIC, 1836-1845 
TOPIC 24. The Republic of Texas. 
A. Home Affairs of the Republic. 
1. Conditions following the declaration of independence. 
a. 	
The military situation. 

b. 
The shifting of the seat of government. 

c. 
Financial troubles. 

d. 
Disposition of Santa Anna and the Mexican prisoners. 

e. 	
Troubles with the volunteers. 

f. 	
The election of September, 1836. 


2. 	President Houston's first term. 
a. 	
Legislation of the first Congress. 

(1) 
Financial legislation. 

(2) 
The law concerning the boundary of Texas. 



b. 
President Houston's message concerning the slave trade. 

c. 	
His Indian policy. 


3. 	President Lamar's administration. 
a. 	
His declaration for a peaceful foreign policy. 

b. 
His Indian policy. 

c. 	
His advocacy of public education. 

d. 
The homestead law. 

e. 	
Establishment of capital at Austin. 

f. 	
Finances. 


4. 	Houston's second term. 
a. 	
Continuation of earlier policies. 

b. 
Financial difficulties. 

c. 
Removal of the capital from Austin. 

d. 
Disposition of the navy. 


5. 	The election of Anson Jones. 
B. 	The Foreign Affairs of the Republic. 
1. Relations with Mexico. 
a. 	
Mexico refuses to recognize Texas independence and threat.. ens invasion. 

b. 	
President Lamar tries to negotiate peace. 

c. 	
The Santa Fe expedition. 

d. 
The Mexican invasions of 1842. 

e. 	
The Texan Mier expedition. 

f. 	
The Snively expedition. 

g. 	
Houston's efforts to negotiate peace (pages 367, 369). 


2. Relations with the United States and Europe. 
a. 	
Recognition of Texan independence (page 366). 

b. 
The 	first stage of the movement for annexation to the United States. 

(1) 
The vote in favor of annexation, 1836. 

(a) Morfit's report on Texas. 

(2) 	
Texas proposes annexation, 1837. 

(a) 	
President Van Buren declines. 

(b) 	
President Houston withdraws the offer, 1838. 

(c) 	
President Lamar opposes annexation. 





c. 	
The second stage of the annexation movement. 

(1) 	
President Tyler proposes annexation, 1843. 

(a) 	The treaty annexing Texas, 1844. 
(1) 	The United States rejects the treaty. 

(2) 	
The Texas question in the election of 1844. 

(3) 	
Annexation offered by joint resolution, 1845. 


(a) 	Texas accepts. 

d. 
England and France try to prevent annexation. 


(1) 	The influence of England's attitude upon Presidents Tyler and Polk. 
REFERENCES: Readings, Chap. XXVII-XXVIII, pages 345-374; Barker, Potts, and Ramsdell, Chap. VII; Garrison, TexQ,S, Chap. XIX-XX. Other references in the introductory note on page 345 of Readings; Wharton, Chap. XIII-XIV; L. T. Wigfall, "Texas' Debt to General James Hamilton," in Centennial Declamations. 
Prominent characters of the period: Sam Houston, M. B. Lamar, Anson Jones, David G. Burnet, Ashbel Smith, J. Pinckney Henderson, Stephen F. Austin, Thomas J. Rusk, James Hamilton, Andrew Jackson, John Tyler, James K. Polk, George W. Kendall, Hugh McLeod. 
TOPIC 25. The Annexation of Texas to the United States. 
1. Recognition of the independence of Texas by the United States. 
a. 	
Review of relations of the revolutionary government with the United States. 

b. 	
President Houston's movement for recognition. 

c. 	
Passage of the recognition resolution by the United States Senate. 


2. 	
The first movement of Texas for annexation. 

3. 
The second movement for annexation. 

a. 
President Tyler proposes a treaty of annexation. 

(1) 	Demands of President Houston. 

b. 
The negotiation of the treaty. 

c. 
Rejection of the treaty by the Senate. 



4. 
Annexation in the presidential election of 1844. 

5. 	
The joint resolution for annexation. 

a. 	
Its terms. 

b. 	
Its passage. 



6. 
Action on the joint resolution in Texas. 

a. 	
England and France try to prevent acceptance by the Texas Government. 

(1) 	Arrangement with Mexico for recognizing Texan in­dependence. 

b. 
The mission of A. J. Donelson in Texas. 

(1) 	
Attitude of President Jones toward annexation. 

(2) 	
The attitude of the people. 

(3) 	
The attitude of General Houston. 



c. 	
President Jones calls the Convention to decide. 

(1) 	
Apportionment of representation. 

(2) 	
Questions submitted to the Convention. 

(3) 	
The Convention accepts annexation. 



d. 
The Convention frames a state constitution. 



7. 	
The change from republic to state. 


REFERENCES: Readings, Chap. XXIX, pages 875-898; Barker, Potts, and Ramsdell, 180-187; Garrison, Texa,s, Chap. XXI; Garrison, Wnt­ward Extension (Harpers), Chap. VIII-X; Wharton, Chap. XIV; J. W. Bailey, "Texas One and Indivisible," in Centennial Declamations. 
Prominent characters of the period : As in the preceding topic. 
TOPIC 26. Eaat Texaa in the Politica and Government of the Republic. 
1. 	
The sections of Texas defined--east, south, west. 

2. 	
Sectional problems in politics. 

a. 	
Land. 

b. 
Indians. 

c. 
Annexation. 

d. 
Tariff. 




8. Leaders. 
4. 	
The Red LfJln.der and its influence. 

5. 
Houston's place in East Texas politics. 


REFERENCES: Readings, Chap. XXX, pages 894-404. Prominent characters of the period: Houston, Rusk, J. Pinckney Henderson, John H. Reagan. 
TOPIC 27. Settlement of the Public Debt of the Republic. 
1. Government owed nearly $10,000,000 at time of annexation. 
a. 	
By annexation Texas lost right to collect tariff duties. 

b. 
Remaining resources 	to pay public debt were taxation and land. 

(1) 
Impossible to pay debt by taxation. 

(2) 
Not sufficient demand for public land. 




(a) 	Creditors refuse to take payment in land at fifty cents an acre. 
2. 	The way opened for payment by arrangement with United States. 
a. 
Texas claimed territory westward to Rio Grande. 

b. 
New Mexico denied the claim. 

c. 
The Unit.ed 	States pays Texas '10,000,000 to accept the present boundary. 


3. Delay and difficulty in payment. 
a. 	
Two classes of public debt. 

(1) 
Debt to be paid from general receipts. 

(a) 	The United States delivers $5,000,000 to Texas to pay this portion of the debt. 

(2) 	
Debt to be paid from taritr duties. 


(a) 	The United States retains ,5,000,000 with which to pay this portion of the debt. 

b. 	
After long delay the United States Congress votes an addi­tional two and one-half million dollars-making a total of $7,500,000 to pay this part of the debt. 


(1) The 	debt scale and paid at the rate of 76'/ie cents on the dollar. 
4. 	Texas applied balance of the first $5,000,000 to building school­houses, courthouses and public improvements. (See pages 411­412.) 
REFERENCES: Readinga, Chap. XXXI, pages 405-408 and 411-412; Barker, Potts, and Ramsdell, 157-159; E. T. Miller, Fi'l'l4ncial History of Tezas, 116-133. 
Prominent characters of the period: Henry Clay, Daniel Webster, Sam Houston, Thomas J. Rusk. 
TOPIC 28. Financial and Economic Condition1, 1846-1861. 
1. Comparative Statistics, 1846-1861. 
a. 	
Population-white and negro. 

b. 
Distribution of population-urban and rural. 

(1) 	Principal towns. 

c. 	
Transportation-railroad building. 

d. 	
Agriculture-crops and prices. 

e. 	
Manufacturing. 


2. Source of revenue. 
a. 
Taxation. 

b. 	
Land sales. 

c. 	
Money received from the United States in boundary settle­ment. 


3. Expenditures. 
a. 	
Maintenance of the three branches of government--legisla­tive, executive, and judicial. Salaries. 

b. 
Indian defense. 

(1) Responsibility of the United States for this item. 

c. 	
Penitentiary. 

d. 
Institutions for unfortunates. 

e. 	
Internal improvements. 

(1) 	
River improvement. 

(2) 
Railroads. 




(a) 	The three plans for promoting railroads. 
4. 	The results of the period--summary. 
REFERENCES: Readinga, Chap. XXXII, pages 409--416; Barker, Potts, and Ramsdell, Chap. XIII; Wharton, Chap. XVI. 
THE EARLY PERIOD OF STATEHOOD, 1846-1881 
TOPIC 29. Plantation Ufe in Te:ii:aa, 1832-1883. 
1. Agriculture in Texas, 1831-1836. 
a. 	
Location of farms. 

b. 	
Agricultural products of the three political diviaiona of Texas. 

(1) 	
Cotton. 

(2) 	
Corn. 

(3) 	
Cattle and live stock. 



c. 	
Commerce: products and prices. 

d. 
Labor. 


2. 	The Perry plantation at Peach Point. 
a. 	
Sources for this study. 

b. 
Beginnings of the plantation. 

c. 
The cotton crop by years. 

(1) 	
Its cultivation and picking. 

(2) 	
Marketing. 



d. 	
Corn. 

e. 	
Sugarcane and sugar making. 

f. 	
Potatoes. 

g. 
Tobacco. 

h. 
Cattle, hogs, and other products. 
i The slaves. 


(1) 	
Numbers-sex and age. 

(2) 
Care and management. 

(3) 	
How they were worked. 

(4) 	
Allowed to work small individual plots and sell the yield. 



j. 	
Overseers. 

k. 	
Transportation and marketing. 


1. 	Social life on the plantation. 
3. 
Cotton picking record of Perzy's slavea. 

4. 	
Diazy for 1848: daily life on the plantation. 


REFERENCES: Readings, Chap. XXXIII, pages 417-451. Prominent characters of the period: Jamea F. Perey, Samuel M. Williams, Robert Mills. 
TOPIC 30. Sketch of the SeceHion Mo•ement in Te:s... 
1. Texans slow to give attention to national questions. 
a. 	
Interest in settlement of the debt of the Republic. 

b. 	
Interest in New Mexico boundazy dispute. 


2. The Kansas-Nebraska bill brings Texans into national politics. 
a. 	
Distribution of slavezy in Texas. 

b. 	
Attitude of non-slaveholders. 

c. 	
Houston's opposition to Kansas-Nebraska bill causes bia defeat in Texaa. 


8. 	The rise of the secession movement in Texas. 
a. 	
John Brown's raid on Harper's Ferry arouses apprehension and resentment. 

b. 	
The Texas delegates to National Democratic Convention support southern ticket, 1860. 


(1) Houston, elected Governor in 1859, opposes secession. 
4. 	The election of Lincoln precipitates secession issue. 
a. 	
Secessionists demand calling special session of Legislature to call a convention. 

(1) Houston refuses to call Legislature. 

b. 
Secession leaders call convention. 

(1) 	Houston now calls Legislature, hoping to defeat the convention. 
(a) 	Legislature approves convention. 

c. 	
The convention. 

(1) 	
Organization-0. M. Roberts President. 

(2) 	
Repeals act accepting annexation and declares Texas a separate sovereign state. 

(3) 
Appoints Committee of Public Safety. 


(a) 	Committee demands surrender of Federal mili· tary posts and supplies in Texas. 

d. 
Secession accomplished. 

(1) 	
Popular vote ratifies secession ordinance. 

(2) 	
The convention votes to join the Confederacy. 

(8) 
Governor Houston 	refuses to approve action of the convention and is deposed. 




REFERENCES: Readings, Chap. XXXIV, pages 452-458; Barker, Potts, and Ramsdell, 203-209; Garrison, Te~as, 282-287; Wharton, Chap. XVII; John H. Reagan, "The Irrepressible Conflict,'' in Centennial Declamations. 
Prominent characters of the period: Sam Houston, 0. M. Roberts, John H. Reagan, E. M. Pease, Louis T. Wigfall, James W. Throckmorton, John S. Ford. 
TOPIC 31. Growth of the Seceaaion MoTement in Texas. 
1. Election of Governor, 1859. 
a. 	
Rival candidates. 

(1) 	
Regular Democrats support Runnels for reelection. 

(a) 	They favor ultimate secession, if necessary to protect rights of the South. 

(2) 	
Union-National Democrats support Houston. 


(a) Houston opposes secession. 

b. 	
The campaign. 

(1) 
Campaign issues. 

(a) 	
Personal abuse of Houston. 

(b) 	
Frontier policy-defense against Indians and Mexicans. 



(2) 	
Election of Houston. 



c. 	
The position of leaders. 

(1) 	
John H. Reagan. 

(2) 	
F. R. Lubbock. 




2. 	John Brown's raid on Harper's Ferry strengthens aecesaion move­ment in Texas. 
a. 	
The Legislature sends Louis T. Wigfall to the United States Senate. 

(1) Wigfall's policies. 

b. 
Governor Runnel's prophesies secession. 


3. Houston's inauguration and his conciliatory address. 
a. Action of Houston and Legislature on South Carolina reso­lutions calling southern convention. 
(1) 	
Houston opposes secession. 

(2) 	
House and Senate committees. 


(a) 	Majority and minority reports (pages 464­465). 
4. 	State Convention (April, 1860) at Galveston. 
a. 	
Elects delegates to National Democratic Convention at Charleston. 

b. 
Adopts platform. 

(1) 	
Affirms right of secession. 

(2) 	
Denounces Republican Party, 




5. Disorders in Texas 	in 1860 increase apprehensions and interfere with deliberate thought. 
a. 	
Numerous incendiary fires. 

b. 
Activity of abolitionists-rumors. 

c. 	
Vigilance committees and mob action. 

d. 
Divided sentiment of the newspapers on secession and union. 


6. 	The presidential campaign of 1860. 
a. 	
The Democratic factions and their nominees. 

b. 
Election of Lincoln increases and intensifies secession senti­ment. 

c. 	
Efforts of Houston and other Unionists to preserve the Union. 


REFERENCES: Readings, Chap. XXXV, pages 459-475; Barker, Potts, and Ramsdell, 203-209; Garrison, Texas, 282-287; Sam Houston, "Ori the Secession Resolution of South Carolina," in Centennial Declamations; Houston, "Texas' Duty to the Union," in ibid.; J, C. Hutcheson, "Sam Houston and Secession," in ibid; M. E. Kleburg, "The Right of Seces­sion," in ibid. 
Prominent characters of the period: O. M. Roberts, J. S. Ford, J, H. Reagan, E. M. Pease, A. J. Hamilton, J. W. Throckmorton, L. T. Wigfall, John Marshall, W. S. Oldham. 
TOPIC 32. The Firat Seaaion of the Seceaaion Convention, 
1. The calling of the convention. 
a. 
Houston 	attempts to delay the call by refusing to assemble the Legislature. 

b. 
The call issued extra-legally by a committee. 

(1) 	
Members of the committee. 

(2) 	
Houston calls Legislature in hope of defeating the convention. 




2. Election of delegates. 
a. 	
Union and secession mass meetings. 

b. 
Victory of the secessionists. 


(1) Popular approval of the movement. 
3. 	The special session of the Legislature. 
a. 	
Governor Houston's advice to the Legislature. 

b. 	
The Legislature approves the convention (page 479). 


4. 	The work of the convention. 
a. 	
Organization and election of officers. 

b. 	
Preliminary approval of secession. 

c. 	
The convention gets in touch with the Governor. 

d. 
The ordinance of secession. 

(
1) Passage. 

(2) 
Terms. 

(3) 
Statement of reasons for secession (page 484). 



e. 	
Election of delegates to Convention at Montgomery, Ala­bama, to form Confederacy. 


REFERENCES: Readings, Chap. XXXVI, pages 454-456, 476-485; Sam Houston, "On Texas Joining the Confederacy," in Centennial Decla­mations. 
Prominent characters of the period: As in preceding topic. 
Section VI 
THE PERIOD OF THE CIVIL WAR AND RECONSTRUCTION 
TOPIC 33. Texas Darius the Civil War. 
1. 	The military contribution of Texas to the Confederacy. 
a. 	
Admission to Confederate States. 

b. 	
Military organization of the state-thirty-three districts. 

c. 	
Total number of soldiers in the war from Texas. 


2. 	Loyaliilts v. Unionists. 
a. 	
The action of the Unionists. 

(1) 
In the army. 

(2) 
In civil employment. 

(3) 
In exile. 



b. 	
Treatment of the Unionists. 


3. Economic condition of Texas--comparative prosperity. 
a. 	
Good crops. 

b. 
Abundance of slaves. 

c. 	
Trade through Mexico. 

d. 	
State and Confederate agencies for buying and selling cotton. 

e. 	
Hard money in Texas. 


4. 	Military operations in Texas. 
a. 	
Failure of expedition against New Mexico, 1861. 

b. 
Massacre of German Unionists on Nueces, 1862. 

c. 	
Capture and recapture of Galveston, 1863. 

d. 	
Battle of Sabine Pass, 1868. 

e. 	
Federal capture of Brownsville, 1863; recapture, 1864. 

f. 	
Failure of Davis's attack on Laredo, 1864. 

g. 	
Battle of Palmito Ranch, 1865. 


REFERENCES: Readings, Chap. XXXVII, pages 486-489; Barker, Potta, and Ramsdell, 210-222; Garrison, Tezas, 281-291; Wharton, Chap. XVII; John H. Reagan, "Tribute to General John B. Hood," in Cen­tennial Declamations; J. S. Hogg, "John H. Reagan," in ibid.; R. V. Cook, "Albert Sidney Johnston," in ibid.; S. W. T. Lanham, "Tribute to John H. Reagan," in ibid. 
Prominent characters of the period: A. S. Johnston, F. R. Lubbock, Pendleton Murrah, J. H. Reagan, E. J. Davis, J. W. Throckmorton, Richard Coke, A. J. Hamilton, E. M. Pease, J. W. Flannigan, Ben McCulloch. 
TOPIC 34. The End of the War. 
1. Conditions in Texas at the end of the war. 
a. 	
Resources exhausted in spite of favorable situation during the war. 

(1) 
Absence of money. 

(2) 
Heavy taxation. 

(3) 
Impressment of crops and military supplies. 

(4) 
Decrease in foreign trade. 



b. 
Discontent of the soldiers. 

c. 
Efforts to get favorable terms of surrender. 


(1) Conference of General Smith 	at Marshall with gov­ernors of Louisiana, Arkansas, Missouri, and Texaa. 
2. 	The break-up of the Confederate forces in Te:us. 
a. 	
Scenes at Galveston. 

b. 
Scenes at Brownsville. 

c. 	
Scenes at Houston. 

d. 
General violence and disorder in the state. 


(1) Efforts 	of authorities to get favorable terms of sur­render defeated by break-up of military organization. 
8. Federal military authorities in charge. 
a. 	
General Granger at Galveston, proclaims emancipation, June 19, 1865. 

b. 
Confiscation of Confederate and state property. 

c. 
Inadequate protection of the people from outlawry. 


4. 	Cotton troubles. 
a. 	
Seizure of cotton belonging to Confederate Government. 

b. 
Seizure of privately owned cotton by dishonest agents. 

c. 
Interference with sale of crops. 


5. 	Labor difficulties. 
a. 	
Efforts of planters to keep negroes on farms. 

(1) 	Federal military authorities generally disposed to compel negroes to fulfill contracts. 

b. 	
Disposition of some planters and certain newspapers to dis­regard emancipation proclamation. 

c. 	
Establishment of Freedmen's Bureau. 


REFERENCES: Readings, Chap. XXXVllI, pages 490-505; Barker, Potts, and Ramsdell, 219-234; Garrison, Tena, 290-298. Prominent characters of the period: Aa in preceding topic. 
TOPIC 35. ReconatM1ction. 
1. The Presidential Plan of Reconstruction-Lincoln and Johnson. 
a. 	
Punish leaders. 

b. 
Allow 	states to resume places in the Union after accepting Thirteenth and Fourteenth Amendments of the Constitution. 


2. 	The Congressional Plan. 
a. 	Disfranchise citizens and put Government in hands of rad­ical Unionists and negroes. 
3. Operation of the Presidential Plan in Texas. 
a. 	
President Johnson appoints A. J. Hamilton Provisional Gov­ernor, July, 1865. 

b. 	
State convention meets, February, 1866. 

(1) 	
Readopts Constitution of 1845 with amendments. 

(2) 	
Calls election for June, 1866. 

(3) 	
Convention nominates state officers-Governor, Lieu­tenant-Governor, and Supreme Court. 



c. 	
Election of June, 1866. 

(1) J. W. Throckmorton elected Governor. 

d. 	
Legislature elects David G. Burnet and 0. M. Roberts to United States Senate. 

e. 	
Congressional election, November, 1866. 

f. 	
Congress takes charge of Reconstruction and defeats Presi­dential Plan. 


4. Operation of Congressional Reconstruction in Texas. 
a. 	
Senators and Representatives denied admission to Congress. 

b. 	
Military government reestablished. 

(1) 	
Throckmorton removed and E. M. Pease appointed Governor. 

(2) 	
Other civil offices vacated and military appointments substituted. 


(a) 	Operations of the Ku-Klux Klan. 

c. 	
Convention of 1868. 

(1) 
Many whites disfranchised 	in election of delegates by "Iron Clad Oath." 

(2) 	
Constitution of 1869. 

(a) 	
Lengthened terms and increased salaries. 

(b) 	
Provisions for public education. 





d. 	
The E. J. Davis Administration. 

(1) 	
Extravagance. 

(2) 	
Non-Partisan Tax Payers' Convention, 1871. 




5. Restoration of normal state government by election of 1873. 
a. 	
Efforts of Governor Davis to resist. 

(1) 	
The Semicolon Court. 

(2) 	
Threats of resistance. 



b. 	
President Grant declines to support Davis. 

c. 	
Home rule reestablished. 


REFERENCES: Readings, Chap. XXXIX, pages 506, 513; Barker, Potts, and Ramsdell, 223-243; Wharton, Chap. XVIII. 
Prominent characters of the period: As in preceding topic. 
TOPICS IN THE HISTORY OF TEXAS SINCE 1874 
TOPIC 36. The Grange in Texaa History. 
1. Organization of the Granger movement in the United States. 
a. 	
Reasons for the discontent of the farmers which led to the movement. 

b. 	
Relation of the Granger movement to the Farmers' Alliance. 

c. 	
The Populist Party. 

d. 	
The rise and spread of the Grange. 


2. 	The Grange in Texas. 
a. 	
Organization and growth. 

b. 
Objects of the organization. 

c. 
Avowedly non-political character of the Grange. 

(1) 	Political activity of W. W. Lang. 

d. 	
Its influence on public problems. 

(1) 	
Demands for regulations of railroads-results. 

(2) 	
Protest against the produce tax-results. 

(3) 	
Protest against monopolies and demands for anti-truat legislation. 

(4) 	
Reduction of the rate of interest on loans. 

(5) 
Influence upon the development of a deep water port. 



e. 	
The results of Grange influence. 


REFERENCES: Readings, Chap. XL, pages 514-526; Barker, Potts, and Ramsdell, 253-258, 265-267; Wharton, 269-271; J. S. Hogg, "The Public Services of Farmers' Organizations," in Centennial Declamations. 
Prominent characters of the period: W. W. Lang, C. W. Macune, John B. Jones, "Cyclone" Davis. 
TOPIC 37. Economic Hiatory of Texaa, 1865-1915. 
1. The Reconstruction Period. 
a. 
Review of the political history of Reconstruction. 

(1) 	
President Johnson's policy. 

(a) 	
Provisional Governor A. J. Hamilton. 

(b) 	
The Convention of 1866. 

(c) 	
J. W. Throckmorton elected Governor. 



(2) 
Congress reverses the President's policy. 

(a) 	
Texans under military rule, 1867-1870. 

(b) 
Convention of 1869. 

(c) 	
Administration of E. J. Davis, 1870-1878. 



(3) 	
Restoration of home government, 1874. 

(4) 
The Convention of 1875. 



b. 	
Conditions during the Reconstruction Period. 

(1) 	
Small increase in population. 

(2) 
Backward educational conditions. 

(3) 	
Decline of agriculture. 

(a) 	Decrease in farm acreage, farm values, and productions. 

(4) 
Growth of railroads and manufacturing. 

(
5) 	Banking. 



c. 
Results of the Reconstruction Period. 


2. Slow recovery from Reconstruction, 1874-1880. 
a. 
Financial difficulties of the period. 

(1) 	
High tax rate. 

(2) 	
Debts. 

(3) 	
Insufficient revenue to meet running expenses. 



b. 
Local depression increased by panic of 1873. 

c. 
Improved conditions evident by 1879. 

(1) 	
Increase in population. 

(2) 	
Growth in farming area and farm production. 

(3) 	
Increase in railroad mileage. 



d. 
"Pay-as-you-go" policy in state finances. 


3. The great development of the State since 1880. 
a. 
Growth of population by decades. 

(1) 	Analysis of population. 
(a) 	
Negroes. 

(b) 
Distribution of population. 



b. 
Agriculture. 

(1) 	
Farming population. 

(2) 	
Farm acreage. 

(3) 	
The opening of the West. 

(4) 	
Farm values. 



c. 
Manufacturing. 

d. 
Mining. 

e. 
Banking. 

f. 
Railroads. 


4. Problems of state finance. 
a. 
The tax problem. 

(1) 
Defects of the general property tax. 

(a) 	
Uniform rate. 

(b) 	
Decentralized administration and unequal val­uation of real property. 



(2) 	
Restrictions of the Constitution-reasons therefor. 

(3) 	
Reform proposals. 



b. 
Constitutional restrictions upon state debts. 


c. Budget ~propriations. 
d. Trained officials. 
REFERENCES: Reading•, Chap. XLI, pages 527-539; Barker, Potts, and Ramsdell, Chap. XI; Wharton, Chap. XX-XXII; XXIV-XXV. Prominent characters of the period: George W. Baylor, G. W. Arrington. 
TOPIC 38. Transportatioo in Te:ii:aa. 
1. Transportation before the corning of railroads. 
a. 
Inland water transportation. 

(1) 
General characteristics of Texas rivers. 

(a) 	
The East Texas area.-Red, Sabine, Neches Rivers. 

(b) 
The Galveston-Houston area. 

(c) 
The South Texas area. 



(2) 
River improvement before the Civil War. 



b. 
Overland trade and travel. 

(1) 	
Routes. 

(2) 	
Nature of the roads. 

(3) 	
Ferries. 

(4) 	
Stage lines. 

(5) 
Ox-trains. 



c. 
The five early trade centers. 

(1) Chief towns dominating each area. 
(a) 	
Population and trade statistics of each area. 

(b) 	
The rise and fall of Jefferson. 



d. 
The cattle trails. 


2. The building of the railroads. 
a. 
Early projects. 

(1) 	
The Texas Railroad, Navigation, and Banking Com­pany chartered, 1836. 

(a) 
Organizers of the company. 

(b) 
Avowed purpose of the company. 

(1) 	Transportation and banking. 

(c) 
Capitalization. 

(d) 	
Payments to the Republic. 

(e) 	
Criticism. 



(2) 
The Harrisburg and Brazos Railroad, 1840. 




b. 
Construction before the Civil War. 

(1) 
Buffalo Bayou, Brazos and Colorado Railway. 

(a) 	
Organizers. 

(b) 	
Construction completed. 

(
c) Construction projected. 



(2) 	
See pages 554-559 for ten other companies and out­line as above. 

(3) 
Meager results in railroad building prior to 1862. 

(a) 	
Reasons for small results. 

(b) 
Aid granted by the State. 



(4) 	
Financial history of a typical line. 


c. 
The effects of the Civil War and Reconstruction Period. 

d. 
Construction since 1870. 

(1) 
The 1870-1890 period. 

(2) 	
The 1890-1900 period. 

(a) 	Reasons for slow increase. 

(3) 	
The 1900-1930 period. 


(a) 	Construction and mileage by years. 
3. Public aid to railroad construction. 
a. 
Aid by counties and cities. 

(1) 
Authorized 	by law to issue bonds and buy stock in railroad companies, 1850. 

(2) 	
Unfortunate experiences of San Antonio and other towns. 

(3) 
Such aid forbidden by Constitution of 1875. 



b. 
Loans from the permanent school fund. 

(1) 	
History of the fund-how money was acquired. 

(2) 	
Amounts lent. 

(3) 
How secured. 

(4) 	
Results-Governor Hogg's opinion. 



c. 
Aid by state bonds. 

(1) 
Agreements to grant bonds to the International Com­pany and to the Texas Pacific Railroad Company. 

(2) 
Objections to the grants. 

(
3) Compromise 	effected-the roads take land instead of bonds. 



d. 
Aid by public land grants. 

(1) 	
Origin of state public lands. 

(2) 
Periods of state aid by land grants. 

(a) 	
1852-1869 period. 

(b) 
1873-1882 period. 



(3) 	
Normal amounts granted per mile-16 sections. 

(4) 
Companies which received 	aid and amounts received (pages 576-577). 



e. 	
Results of state aid. 

(1) 	
Hastened railroad construction. 

(2) 	
Hastened settlement of the State. 

(3) 	
Lands surveyed by railroad surveyors without cost to State. 




(a) 	Evasion of law requiring sales within specified periods. 
REFERENCES: Readings, Chap. XLII, pages 540-580; Barker, Potts, and Ramsdell, 301Hl11; Wharton, 267-268. 
TOPIC 39. Aapecta of the History of Weat and Northwest Texas. 
1. Factors which retarded the development of West Texas. 
a. 	
Indian hostilities. 

(1) 	The Houston and Lamar policies contrasted. 

b. 
Abundance of available lands elsewhere. 

c. 	
Lack of roads. 

d. 	
Exhaustion of public lands available for railroad grants, 1882. 


2. 	Exploration of West Texas by army engineers. 
a. 
California gold rush leads to exploration for roads. 

b. 
Captain R. B. Marcy's expedition, 1849 (page 584). 

(1) 	
Route explored from Fort Smith, Arkansas, to Santa Fe. 

(2) 	
Route explored from El Paso to Preston, on Red River. 

(3) 	
His description of the plains (page 585)-false prophecy concerning habitability of the region. 

(4) 	
Reports practical railroad route to El Paso and California. 




8. 	The westward movement of military posts in Texas. 
a. 	
The western frontier line of forts in 1849 (page 588). 

b. 	
The line in 1853. 

(1) 	
The cost of transporting military supplies to frontier posts. 

(2) 
The use of camels (page 587). 



c. 	
Military frontier line, 1874 (page 589). 


4. 	Establishment of Indian reservations on the Brazos, in Young County. 
a. 	Marcy's exploration for suitable site-present counties explored. 
5. 	The transcontinental stage line-the Butterfield Southern Over­land Mail. 
a. 	
The route. 

b. 	
Its equipment and rate of travel. 


6. Effects of the Civil War on development of West Texas. 
a. 	
Probably diverted the building of railroad to the Pacific. 

b. 	
Neglect of Indians caused them to get out of control. 

(1) 	
The reestablishment of military posts, 1874-1878. 

(a) 	General Ord's report on Indian depredations. 

(2) 
General MacKenzie's battle in 1878. 




7. Development since 1874. 
a. 
Organization of counties (page 589). 

b. 
Railroads. 

c. 	
Settlement. 


REFERENCES: Readings, Chap. XLIII, pages 581-591; Walter P. Webb, The Great Plains. 
TOPIC 40. The ln8uence of the Texas Raniren in the Makins of Texas. 
1. The beginnings of the Texas Ranger organization. 
a. 	In the Texas Revolution. 
2. 	The original task of the Rangers--to guard the frontier. 
a. 	
The Indian menace. 

(
1) The timber Indians. 

(2) 
The Plains (prairie) Indians. 


(a) 	Failure of Spain to control them. 

b. 
The Mexican frontier after the revolution. 


3. Characteristics of the Rangers. 
a. 	
Horsemanship. 

b. 
Ability to read signs and follow trails. 

c. 
Bravery. 

d. 	
Arms. 

e. 
Typical leaders. 


4. The Rangers become peace officers as well as frontier guards. 
a. 
The reorganization of 	the force and expansion of duties, 1874. 

b. 	
Present status of the force. 


REFERENCES: Readings, Chap. XLIV, pages 592-598; Wharton, 265-­267; Walter P. Webb, The Texas Rangers. Prominent characters of the period: George W. Baylor, G. W. Arrington, John B. Jones, John C. Hays. 
TOPIC 41. Ranchins on the Plain•. 
1. Routine work on a typical ranch-the J A Ranch. 
a. 	
Definitions-outfit, chuck wagon, hoodlum wagon, wagon boss, remuda, round-up. 

b. 
The work of the cowboy. 

(1) 
The round-up-spring and fall. 

(2) 
Branding. 

(3) 
Driving to market. 

(4) 
Mending fences and providing water. 

(5) 
Winter camp. 




2. The round of the year's work on the J A Ranch. 
a. 	
Preparations. 

b. 
Dinner and ball to inaugurate the spring round-up. 

c. 	
Description of the work. 


3. Managing a trail herd. 
a. 	
Gathering the herd. 

b. 	
Planning the route. 

c. 	
The routine of the drive. 

(1) 
Assigning places to the cowboys. 

(2) 
Night guards. 

(3) 
Fixing camp. 

(4) 
Grazing. 



d. 	
Stampedes. 

e. 	
The desert drive on the Goodnight Trail. 

f. 	
Maintaining order among the men. 


REFERENCES: Readings, Chap. XLV-XLVI, pages 599-617; Barker, Potts, and Ramsdell, 301-804; J. Frank Dobie, A Vaquero of tke Brus1 Countf'1/, Chap. I-III, VII, X; J. Evetts Haley, The XIT Ra.nch of Tea:u, Chap. III, VI-VII, IX-XIV; Walter P. Webb, The Great Plains. 
Prominent characters of the period: Charles Goodnight, Andy Adams, Charles Siringo, Richard King. 
TOPIC 42. The Deyelopment of Asriculture in Weat Te:saa. 
1. Influences retarding early development of West Texas. 
a. 	
Indians. 

b. 	
Droughts-impression that the region was not adapted to agriculture. 

c. 	
Lack of railroads. 

d. 
Efforts of ranchmen to monopolize the land. 

(1) Fence cutting. 

e. 
Insects and prairie dogs. 


2. 	The movement of the frontier line, 1850-1880. 
a. 	
Advance, 1850-1860. 

b. 	
Retreat, 1860-1870. 

c. 	
Advance since 1870. 


3. The progress of grain raising. 
a. 	The grain frontiers, 1860-1900. 
(1) 
Kinds of grain. 

(2) 
Yield. 


4. The progress of cotton raising. 
a. The successive frontiers, 1860-1900. 
5. Characteristic methods of agriculture. 
a. 
Machinery. 

b. 
Dry farming. 


REFERENCES: Readings, Chap. XLVII, pages 618-632; Walter P. Webb, The <heat Plains. 
Prominent character of the period: W. H. Mebane.