University of Texas Bulletin No. 2838: October 8, 1928 HANDBOOK OF TEXAS CRETACEOUS FOSSILS By W. S. ADKINS Bureau of Economic Geology J. A. Udden, Director E. H. Sellards, Associate Director PUBLISHED BY THB UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AUSTIN Publications of the University of Texas Publications Committees : GENERAL: FREDERIC DUNCALF C. H. SLOVER J. L. HENDERSON G. W. STUMBERG H.J. MULLER HAL C WEAVER MRS. F. A. PERRY A. P. WINSTON OFFICIAL: E. J. MATHEWS R. A. LAW W. J. BATTLE F. B. MARSH C. D. SIMMONS The University publishes bulletins four times a month, so numbered that the first two digits of the number show the year of issue, the last two the position in the yearly series. (For example, No. 2201 is the first bulletin of the year 1922.) These comprise the official publications of the University, publications on humanistic and scientific sub­jects, bulletins prepared by the Division of Extension, by the Bureau of Economic Geology, and other bulletins of general educational interest. With the exception of special num­bers, any bulletin will be sent to a citizen of Texas free on request. All communications about University publications should be addressed to University Publications, University of Texas, Austin. UMTVEHITT OI Tl.IAS PRISI, AIJITll University of Texas Bulletin No. 2838: October 8, 1928 HANDBOOK OF TEXAS CRETACEOUS FOSSILS By W. S. ADKINS Bureau of Economic Geology J. A. Udden, Director E. H. Sellards, Associate Director PUBLISHED BY THB UNIVERSITY FOUR TIMES. A MONTH, AND ENTERED AS SBCOND·CLASS MATTER A.T THE POSTOFFICB AT AUSTIN, TEXAS, UNDER THE ACT OF AUGUST 24, 1912 The benefits of education and of useful knowledge, generally diffused through a community, are essential to the preservation of a free govern­ment. Sam Houston Cultivated mind is the guardian genius of democracy. • . • It is the only dictator that freemen acknowl­edge and the only security that free· men desire. Mirabeau B. Lamar CONTENTS PAGE Introduction -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5 Summary of Formation Nomenclature_____________ ___________________________ 6 Zone Markers and Correlation_ __________________________________________________ 8 Types of Texas Cretaceous Fossils__________________________________________________ 36 Bibliography -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------39 List and Description of Species__ _______________________________________________________ 46 Plants ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------46 Thallophytes ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------46 Fungi --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------46 Algae --------------------------------------------------------------------------------47 Pteridophytes -----------------------------------------------------------------------------47 Filices ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------47 Spermatophytes ------------------------------------------------------------------------47 Gymnospermae ---------------------------------------------------------------------47 Angiospermae ----------------------------------------------------------------------51 Animals -------------------------------------------------------------------------58 Protozoa -----··--------------------------------------------------------------------------------58 Foraminifera ----------------------------------------------------------58 Coelenterata ---------------------------------------------------------------------72 Spongiae --------------------------------------------------------------------72 Anthozoa (Corals) ----------------------------------------------------------74 Annelida ------------------------------------------------------------------------------78 Chaetopoda --------------------------------------------------------------------78 Brachiopoda ---------------------------------------------------------------------80 Arthropoda -------------------------------------------------------------------------------81 Crustacea --------·---·--------------------------------------------------------81 Mollusca ----------------------------------------------------------------------------84 Pelecypoda ---------------------------------------------------------------------------84 Gastropoda ---------------------------------------------------------------------172 Cephalopoda ----------------------------------------------------------------------199 Echinode'rmata ----------------------------------------------------------------------265 Asteroidea -------------------------------------------------------------265 Ophiuroidea ------------------------------------------------------------------268 Echinoidea ----------------------------------------------------------------------268 Vertebrata ---------------------·---------------------------------------------------300 Pisces ------------------------------------------------------------------------300 Reptilia ------------------------------------------------------------------------302 Index ---------------------------------------------------------------... ------------------------------381 ILLUSTRATIONS Figure 1-Suture of Worthoceras worthense________________________ 219 Plates 1-XXXVIl-Texas Cretaceous Fossils__________________Following 303 This paper on Texas Cretaceous Fossils is one of a series issued to make more readily usable general information on Texas geology and paleontology. The next of the series to be published will be a Handbook of Texas Stratigraphy. E. H. SELLARDS, Associate Director. HANDBOOK OF TEXAS CRETACEOUS FOSSILS* BY W. S. ADKINS INTRODUCTION This handbook aims to supplement the valuable check­list of Dr. R. T. Hill, which is now out of print and practi­cally unobtainable, and to bring up to date the determi­nations of genera and species, in so far as this is possible with the facilities at the disposal of the writer. In certain groups it is hopeless at the present time to make authorita­tive generic assignments, and it is expected that many of the determinations here given will be changed. Some of these provisional determinations were made by inspection of the literature, without access to actual specimens, and some are made from casts. Since only a small part of the Texas Cretaceous fossils has yet been described, further research will add many species to those here listed. All the groups are in need of serious and critical revision, and in some groups, among which are corals, sponges, gastropods, rudistids and crustacea, scarcely a beginning has been made. The list therefore makes no pretense to either completeness or finality and it does not aim at a monograpbic treatment of the fossils. It includes most of the published records of specifically determined fossils and some new species which seem to have particular stratigraphic interest. Some of the species here listed may later prove to be synonyms of others. The keys are artificial : they apply only to the usual forms, especially to the type material of the describers, and do not cover unusual variants or species not included in this handbook. The stratigraphic ranges here given are not in­tended to be final: a species may range beyond these limits, *Published December, 1928. a fact which can be determined only by experience. The dimensions and proportions given are only approximate for the species, and generally refer to the type material. In spite of these serious deficiencies, it is hoped that such a prelimi­nary list will be of use to many persons by summarizing conveniently in one publication the main components of the Texas Cretaceous faunas, and by helping to indicate what still remains to be done. In species titles, bold face type refers to recognized species known from Texas; ifolics to synonyms or to invalid species; and ROMAN CAPITALS to species described from nearby localities outside of Texas but which will likely be found in the Texan formations, or to foreign species cited from Texas. In citations, bold-face numbers refer to consecutively numbered titles in the main bibliography; italicised generic or specific names in parenthesis refer to the identification made by the author cited. When not otherwise indicated the description of genera and species is abstracted or summarized from the authors cited. SUMMARY OF FORMATION NOMENCLATURE The accompanying chart will serve roughly to locate in the stratigraphic column the formations mentioned in this handbook. The correlations with European etages are taken with some modifications from BoSE AND CAVINS, 1928, 10, and the other features are from HILL, STEPHENSON and others; the writer assumes no responsibility for the correct­ness of the correlations. ~tages MAESTRICHTIAN CAMPANIAN SANTONIAN C'ONIACIAN TURONIAN CENOMANIAN UPPER ALBIAN MIDDLE ALBIAN LOWER ALBIAN? APTIAN HAUTERIVIAN­VALANGINIAN Culberson-Hudspeth Cos. Vieja San Carlos Austin Terlingua Beds Anacacho Upson Austin (Pinto) Austin chalk Upper Wolfe City, Annona) Austin chalk (and Blossom) Upper Eagle Ford Ozan Brownstown "' ! "E 0 ti i:i. i:i. ::::> Boquillas flags Boquillas flags Eagle Ford flags Eagle Ford Lower Eagle Ford unnamed shale Lower Eagle Ford Woodbine Tokio Woodbine Buda Del Rio Upper Kgt Georgetown Buda Del Rio UpperKgt Georgetown Buda Del Rio Upper Kgt Georgetown Buda Del Rio Georgetown Grayson Main Street PaWpaw Weno Denton Fort Worth WASHITA beds o!.... ~ o! i::: (formations not named) Finlay Cox Etholen (=Campagrande) Edwards undifferen­tiated beds Shafter Presidio Edwards Comanche Peak Walnut? Glen Rose Travis Peak Edwards Comanche Peak "Walnut" Glen Rose Travis Peak Duck Creek Kiamichi "Goodland" Walnut Paluxy Glen Rose Basal sand Kiamichi "Goodland" Trinity beds -'--b.0-­~,... Q) ::s 'e ,.a Q) ti} ,...~ ""'·~ ;;......, "'i:'l·;::: E-< Malone (part) missing missing missing missing missing Big Bend Chisos Tornillo Rattlesnake Eagle Pass Escondido Coal series San Miguel Austin Webberville Taylor Fort Worth­Dallas-Paris Navarro (Nacatoch) Taylor (Pecan Gap, Arkansas Marlbrook Annona ZONE MARKERS AND CORRELATION A. BASAL (MALONE) CRETACEOUS Kitchin has summarized reasons for considering a part of the Malone1 "formation" as Neocomian (Pre-Trinity) in age, probably mostly Valanginian. He states that: The strata comprised in Cragin's so-called Malone Jurassic for­mation belong to several, in part widely separated, horizons. There is no evidence of the presence of Jurassic beds of earlier age than Kimmeridge. Two or more Jurassic horizons are represented, and there may probably be breaks in the series. Overlying these strata, and with a relation to the lower series not yet made known, are Lower Cretaceous beds which may be regarded as of Valanginian age. These contain a bivalve fauna related to that of the southern Trigonia seas, in which were laid down the Lower Cretaceous deposits of sub­littoral character found in the Andean region and in Patagonia; in Cape Colony, Madagascar, Tanganyika Territory and Cutch; and in the now isolated region of New Caledonia. Zone fossils: Astieria sp. Baker, Univ. Texas Bull. 2745, pp. 12, 15 (footnote). Found in the sandstone near the top of the ridge south of the Gypsum Spur. Indicated age: Valanginian-Hauterivian. Trigonia (group Pseudo-quadratae). T. vyschetzkii Cragin. The group is exclusively Lower Cretaceous. Trigonia (group Costatae). This group extends up into the Cre­taceous. Ptych(>rruya. The genus is nowhere known below the Cretaceous. The full zonation of the basalmost Cretaceous beds in Texas is still unknown. Further ammonite collections from near Torcer should, if they are pr0perly made, throw light on the Cretaceous zonation by enabling a comparison with Mazapil and other northern Mexican localities. B. TRINITY DIVISION In southern Hudspeth and Culberson counties, the Trinity division consists of three formations, in ascending order isome of the principal ammonites in t\Je Jurassic portion of the Malone are: ldoceras potOsinus (Castillo and Aguilera) ldoeeras felixi (Castillo and Aguilera) ldoceras schucherti (Cragin) Kossmatia cla~ki (Cragin) Kossmatia aguilerae (Cragin) Kossmatia burckhardti ( ?) (a) Etholen (=Campagrande) conglomerate, up to 250 feet thick; (b) Cox sandstone, up to 1,500 feet thick; (c) Fin­lay limestone, up to 1,500 feet thick. In Central Texas the Trinity division consists of (a) Travis Peak sands and con­glomerates, up to 260 feet; (b) Glen Rose sands and lime­stones, up to 2,200 feet; (c) Paluxy, mainly sands, up to 100 feet in thickness. The correlations between these various formations have not been entirely worked out. However, the Travis Peak and basal Glen Rose formations near Austin contain ammonites which have been taken to indicate an upper Aptian level, probably near the Gargasian horizon. These are mainly Dufrenoya, probably also Parahoplites and Douvilleiceras. The succeeding Freder­icksburg division is Middle Albian, and probably the entire Trinity division is to be considered as Upper Aptian and perhaps partly Lower Albian; but this cannot be decided at present because the Clansayes horizon and other important zones have not yet been located in Texas. Zone fossils: Dufrenoya texana and spp. These are known from western Travis County, and have been found at various Mexican localities by Burckhardt. Parahoplites spp. This genus marks both upper Aptian and basal Albian. The affinities of the Texan species have not yet been clearly demonstrated. The zonation of the Trinity division in Texas is a problem for further research. The following lists include most of the fossils reported from the formations of the Trinity division: Travis Peak Formation Dufrenoya justinae (Hill) ? roemeri (Cragin) (Hoplites) Engonoceras roemeri Cragin Porocystis globularis (Giebel) (=pruniformis Cragin) Orbitulina texana (Roemer) Ostrea alternans Cragin ----camelina Cragin ----crenulimargo Roemer ----crenulimargo var stonewallensis Cragin ----.franklini Hill (**Iredell) Exogyra hilli Cragin -----paupercula Cragin -----weatherfordensis Cragin (Weatherford) Cucullaea gracilis Cragin -----gratioli Hill -----terminalis Conrad Cyprina roemeri Cragin Homomya jurafacies Cragin -----solida Cragin Protocardia pendens Cragin -----stonei Cragin Trigonia concentrica Cragin Pholadomya spp. Buccinatrix regina Cragin Nerinea hicoriensis Cragin Rostellites pupoides Cragin Lunatia (?) sp. Glen Rose Formation Trochotiara texana (Roemer) (Diadema) Heteraster obliquatus (Clark) (Enallaster) (type: Austin) Hemiaster (Mecaster) comanchei Clark (Santa Monica Springs) Porocystis globularis (Giebel) Orbitulina texana (Roemer) Monopleura sp. Homomya Isocardia Alectryonia aff. carinata (Lamarck) Kingena Nautilus aff. texanus Shumard "Nodosaria" texana Conrad Ammonites Exogyra texana Roemer Trinity Division Hypodiadema elegans Clark (Murfreesboro, Ark.) Epiaster electus Cragin Exogyra quitmanensis Cragin (Quitman Mountains) Avicula singleyi Cragin (Santa Monica Springs) C. FREDERICKSBURG DIVISION In Central Texas the formations of the Fredericksburg division are, in ascending order: (a) Walnut clay and shell marls; (b) Comanche Peak limestone and limy clay; ( c) Edwards limestone; and in addition, on paleontological grounds the thin overlying Kiamichi clay should be included in the Fredericksburg division. In the Red River region, the marginal (sand) facies has invaded the Fredericksburg to various, mainly high, levels; it is overlain by a thin clay (generally called "Walnut") ; this is overlain by a thin limestone (called "Goodland") which represents a high Fredericksburg level; and the Kiamichi shell agglomerate is thick (reaching 150 feet). This northern Texas section has not been correlated with the section in Central Texas. In the Rio Grande embayment and in southern Trans­Pecos Texas, the thick Fredericksburg has not been zoned; it consists mainly of pure, fossiliferous limestones of the rudistid-reef facies. In this limestone mass, probably zones corresponding to the Edwards and Comanche Peak forma­tions can be differentiated. Zone fossils: Zones of general validity can probably be estab­lished on rudistids, on Oxytropidoceras, Engonoceras and allied genera, and on a few other fossils; such zonation awaits further research. Oxytropidoceras. This genus ranges from type Walnut up to the Kiamichi; its culmination may be taken as the top of the Fredericks­burg division. 0. belknapi and allied species are apparently re­stricted to top Fredericksburg; 0. chihuahuense and allied species apparently occupy the middle of the division; some other species have definite ranges. Highest record for the genus at Folkestone, zone VIII. Engonoveras and allies. Some will likely prove to be zone fossils. Chondrodonta niusoni. Apparently Upper Fredericksburg. Toucasia spp. Some species may be zone markers. Requienia; Monopleura. Not yet sufficiently investigated. Eoradiolites davidsoni; Sauvagesia texana. Upper Fredericksburg. Dipoloceras sp. aff. cristatum. Uppermost Fredericksburg (=up­ permost "Goodland" of the Fort Worth region). Zone VIII at Folkestone. Dipoloceras sp. aff. cornutum. Distinctly lower than the preced­ing in both Texas and England: Basal Comanche Peak (basal Good­land) near Fort Worth; zones V-VII at Folkestone. lnoceramus concentricus. Comanche Peak and Edwards. It ranges from zone V to zone VIII at Folkestone. In the upper Oxytro­pidoceras levels in the Sierra de Tamaulipas. Inoceramus subsulcatiformis (= aff. sulcatus). In Texas as in England, it is in general higher than the preceding species: uppermost Edwards at Valley Mills, zone VIII at Folkestone. Some zonations of local validity have been established: at Austin, at Fort Worth, at Cerro de Muleros. These break down upon application to extended areas, although locally they are useful and perfectly valid. Kiamichi markers. Oxytropidooe/T'as. Highest range of genus; forms like O. belknapi, widespread in the northern facies in Texas (not in reef limestones except in marly-sandy interbeds). Several other species. Elobiceras. Several species; ranges into basalmost Duck Creek; northern facies. Gryphea navia. Widespread Kiamichi marker. Gryphea tucumcari. Provincial Trans-Pecos Kiamichi marker; ranges into basal Duck Creek. The following lists contain most of the fossils which have been identified from formations -0f the Fredericksburg division in Texas. Fredericksburg Division Salenia texana Credner Tetragramma taffi (Cragin) Holectypus pl1matus Roemer Pyrina parryi Hall Heteraster texanus (Roemer) Epiaster whitei (Clark) Engonoceras pierdenale (v. Buch) Ostrea crenulimargo Roemer Exogyra texana Roemer Pecten duplicosta Roemer Pecten occidentalis Conrad ( ="quadricostatus var.'' Roemer) Cyprimeria crassa Meek (Cragin) -----texana Roemer Cyprina mediale Conrad (Cragin) Modiola stonewallensis Cragin -----pedernalis Roemer -----concentrice-costellata Roemer Opis texana Cragin Solen irradians Roemer Homomya alta Roemer Pholadomya pedernalis Roemer -----sancti-sabae Roemer Protocardia texana (Conrad) ("hillanum") Cardium spp. 55, 57, 58 Roemer Isocardia spp. 59, 60 Roemer Cypricardia texana Roemer Venus ? sp. Roemer Corbis sp. 49 Roemer Trigonia crenulata Lamarck (Roemer) ( =? emoryi Conrad) C'ucullaea sp. 66 Roemer Arca sp. 68 Roemer Mytilus tenuitesta Roemer Pinna sp. 76 Roemer Avicula pedernalis Roemer -----convexo-plana Roemer Pinna comancheana Cragin Rostellaria sp. Roemer Fusus pedernalis Roemer Turritella seriatim-granulata Roemer Nerinea texana Roemer -----sp. Roemer Actaeonella dolium Roemer Natica pedernalis Roemer -----sp. Roemer Walnut Formation Heteraster texanus (Roemer) (Toxaster) Holectypus cfr. planatus Roemer Salenia cfr. mexicana Schliiter Oxytropidoceras acutocarinatum (Shumard) Exogyra texana Roemer -----weatherfordensis Cragin Gryphea marcoui Bill and Vaughan Pecten irregularis Bose Remondia sp. Trigonia cfr. emoryi Conrad Coma'ltcAe Peak Formation Trochotiara texana (Roemer) (Diadem.a) Tetragramma texanum (Roemer) (Cyphosoma) ----taffi (Cragin) (Diplopodia) Dumblea symmetrica Cragin Holectypus planatus Roemer Pyrina bulloides Gragin Epiaster elegans var. praenuntius Cragin (=? boesei Lambert; type: Benbrook) "Epiaster" whitei Clark (Hemiaster) (type: Benbrook, Rhome) Anatina texana Cragin Cyprimeria texana (Roemer) (Arcopagia) Modiola jurafacies Cragin Trigonia securiformis Cragin Cerithium bosquense Shumard Inoceramus aff. concentricus Inoceramus (Actinoceramus) aff. sulcatus Oxytropidoceras spp. Diploceras spp. Edwards Formation Salenia sp. Goniopygus zitteli C'lark Holectypus planatus Roemer Heteraster texanus (Roemer) ?Bifiustrea browni Cragin Engonoceras emarginatus Cragin Engonoceras piedernale (v. Buch) Gryphea marcoui Hill and Vaughan Chondrodonta munsoni (Hill) Pecten (Neithea) texana Roemer subalpinus Bose -----occidentalis Conrad Pecten duplicicosta Roemer Lima wacoensis Roemer -----n. sp. Cyprimeria texana (Roemer) (Arcopagia) Protocardia texana (Conrad) (Cardium) Pleuromya ? n. sp. Caprina crassifibra Roemer -----occidentalis Conrad -----n.sp. Caprinula anguis (Roemer) (Ichthyosarcolites) Caprotina n. sp. Plagioptychus ? cordatus Roemer Eoradiolites davidsoni (Hill) (Radiolites) Radiolites n. sp. Requienia texana Roemer n. sp. Toucasia patagiata C. A. White (Requienia) (aff. santaderensis H. Douville) Monopleura texana marcida C. A. White n. sp. pinguiscula C. A. White Apporhais sp. Cerithium bosquense Shumard -----proctori Cragin Cylindrites formosus Cragin Nerinea pellucida Cragin 2 spp. Roemer -----n. sp. Neritina apparata Cragin Trochus texanus Roemer Tylostoma tumidum Shumard Parasm:ilia austinensis Roemer Cladophyllia furcifera Roemer Kingena sp. Orbitulina sp. Kiamichi Formation Elobiceras serratescens (Cragin) Elobiceras sp. aff. angustum Spath Elobiceras sp. aff. arietiforme Spath Elobiceras sp. aff. fiexuicostatum Spath Pervinquieria spp. Oxytropidoceras acutocarinatum (Shumard) Oxytropidoceras belknapi (Marcou) Oxytropidoceras cfr. trinitense (Gabb) Hamites comanchensis Adkins and Winton Hamites fremonti Marcou Alectryonia aff. quadriplicata (Shumard) Alectryonia sp. A vicula leveretti Cragin Cyprimeria cfr. texana Roemer Exogyra plexa Cragin Exogyra sp. aff. plexa Cragin Exogyra texana Roemer Gryphea corrugata Gabb Gryphea navia Hall Gryphea tucumcari Marcou Homomya sp. Inoceramus sp. Isocardia sp. Ostrea sp. Pecten irregularis Bose Pecten subalpinus Bose Pinna comancheana Cragin Protocardia sp. Trigonia emoryi Conrad Heteraster aff. mexicanus (Cotteau) Heteraster cfr. texanus (Roemer) Heteraster adkinsi Lambert Heteraster spp. Holectypus spp. Salenia sp. Kingena wacoensis (Roemer) D. WASHITA DIVISION This division in Texas is mostly characterized by alter­nate limestone and marl (clay) beds, which have been called either members or formations. The basal marginal facies (sands, mainly) touches but does not invade the succession near the northern borders of Texas, near Denison, near Kent, and in Hudspeth County; there are local infingerings of sand at the Weno and Pawpaw levels. There are good zone fossils throughout the division, and its intra-state cor­relation is well established. In South-Central Texas and in southern Trans-Pecos Texas, the following formations exist, in ascending order: (a) Georgetown limestone; (b) Del Rio clay; (c) Buda limestone. In North-Central Texas and in northern Trans-Pecos Texas the Buda is thin or absent, the Del Rio is relatively unchanged (locally thinned) ; the Georgetown is thicker and shows a more obvious alternation of limy and marly members, as follows, in ascending order : Duck Creek limestone, Duck Creek marl, Fort Worth lime­stone, Denton clay, Weno limestone (and marl), Pawpaw clay (sand near Red River), Main Street limestone. The Grayson clay is nearly equivalent to the Del Rio clay of South Texas. The marl, clay and sand members thin to the south, some beds, as the Pawpaw, may even be unrepre­sented there, and the limestone members form a thinned formation with the zonation condensed (Georgetown lime­stone). Zone fossils: Hamites (comanchensis, frremonti, sp;p.). Wide­spread and of general validity: throughout Central and West Texas, northern Mexico, Sierra de Tamaulipas, and numerous other localities. "Deam.oceras" (brazoense, laevicanioulatum, spp.). Widrespread and valid, like the preceding zone. Pervinquieria spp. aff. trinodosa. There are two or more Duck Creek species, not identical with Bose's very characteristic species of a higher level, which are widespread markers. Pervinquieria kiliani. Duck Creek; possibly Fort Worth level (zone IX, Folkestone). Prohysteroceras austinense. Duck Creek; possibly Fort Worth. Macraster (aguilerae, nodopyga, elegans, texanus?). Fort Worth; upper Duck Creek (locally lower Duck Creek). These species are distinguishable from the sparser and higher (Weno) Mac.raster zone. Pervinquieria trinodosa Bose. Middle Washita; apparently a West Texas provincial marker. Pervinquieria maxima; P. leonensis. Fort Worth level; question­ ably upper Duck Creek. Washitaster longisulcus, a local Fort Worth marker. Pervinquieria n. sp. Widespread Fort Worth-Denton-Weno marker. Pervinquieria wintoni and allied species. Upper Washita, generally Weno. Washitaste.r riovistae. Local Weno-Pawpaw marker. Neokentroceras worthense. Widespread Pawpaw marker. Flickia boeaei; Stoliczkaia adkinsi. Local Pawpaw markers. Submantelliceras. Species of this general group occur in two dis­ tinct levels: the Pawpaw contains Subm. (?) worthense; the Del Rio contains Mant. brazoense, M. wacoense. These are widespread markers. Turrilites brazoensis. Main Street marker, widespread in Central Texas and northern Mexico, rare in Trans-Pecos Texas. Turrilites bosquensis; Adkinsia (several species). Widespread Del Rio-Grayson markers. Gryphea mucronata; Exogyra arietina. Widespread Grayson-Del Rio markers (occasional, basal Buda) . H emiaster calvini. Widespread Grayson-Del Rio; rarer in Buda. Exogyra cartledgei, Exogyra whitneyi. Del Rio; provincial Trans- Pecos Texas (very rare in Central Texas). Budaiceras (several species). Widespread Buda marker. Pecten roemeri. Widespread Buda marker. Codiopsis texana and allies. Rare but important Buda marker. Cottaldia sp. High Washita marker; rare. Exogyra n. sp. Widespread Buda marker. Several other less reliable fossils are used for identifying the Washita division. Some of these are: Entire Washita: Kingena; Pecten texanus; "Nautilus" texanus; Ostrea carinata. Upper Washita: "Nodosa:ria" texana; Gryphea washitaensis; "Nautilus" hilli; Ptychomya ragsdalei; Spondylus hilli; Pecten george­townensis; Ostrea quadriplicata; Ostrea marcoui. Lower Washita: Holaster simplex; Gryphea corrugata. The following lists contain fossils identified from forma­tions of the Washita division. Washita Division Cidaris sp. Cragin (Barton Creek, South Austin) Holectypus transpecosensis C'ragin (Sierra Blanca) Cidaris texanus Clark (Bexar County) Hemiaster (Proraster) dalli Clark (Bexar County) Salenia texana Credner Heterodiadema ornatum Clark (Fort Worth) Tetragramma streeruwitzi Cragin (Kent, Sierra Blanca) Orthopsis occidentalis Cragin (Sierra Blanca Mtn.) Pyrina parryi Hall (Leon Springs) Hemiaster (Leymeriaster) bexari Clark Ostrea subovata Shumard Denison Beds Leptarbacia argutus Clark Phymosoma volanum Cragin Trigonia clavigera Cragin Pholadomya postextenta Cragin Tapes dentonensis Cragin Duck Creek Formation Hamites comanchensis A. & W. Hamites fremonti Marcou Hamites varians Scott Hamites polyseptus Scott Hamites tani'ma A. & W. Hamites nokonis A. & W. Hamites spp. Anisoceras sp.? Desmoceras brazoense (Shumard) Desmoceras laevicaniculatus (Roemer) Desmoceras sp. Pervinquieria leonensis (Conrad) Pervinquieria shumardi (Marcou) Pervinquieria ("Elobiceras") serratescens (Cragin) Pervinquieria equidistans (Cragin) P. aff. trinodosa (Bose) Pervinquieria austinensis (Roemer) Pervinquieria kiliani (Lasswitz) Pervinquieria minima (Lasswitz) Pervinquieria burckhardti (Bose) Pervinquieria whitei (Bose) Pervinquieria n. spp. (c, p, st) Pervinquieria n. sp. 1 (aff. stolizkai Spath) Pervinquieria aguilerae Bose (at 1026) Pervinquieria nodosa Bose Worthoceras platydorsum (Scott) Ostrea sp. Alectryonia sp. 1 Alectryonia sp. 2 Gryphea corrugata H. & V. Gryphea tucumcari Marcou Pecten subalpinus Bose Cyprimeria Lima Trigonia Gervilliopsis sp. Alectryonia aff. carinata (Lambert) Epiaster whitei (Clark) Pliotoxaster sp. Heteraster sp. Macraster sp. Pedinopsis aff. symmetrica Kingena wacoensis (Roemer) Pyritic micromorphs1a Fort Worth Formation Macraster nodopyga Lambert Macraster elegans (Shumard) (Epiaster) (type: Fort Washita) Macraster aguilerae (Bose) (Epiaster) (type: El Paso) Washitaster longisulcus Adkins and Winton Epiaster whitei (Clark) (Hemiaster) Holaster simplex Shumard Leptarbacia argutus Clark Pyrina parryi Hall (Cragin) Salenia sp. Ophioglypha texana Clar~ Pervinquieria minima (Lasswitz) -----austinensis (Roemer) -----maxima (Lasswitz) -----spp. Cymatoceras texanum (Shumard) Ostrea subovata Shumard -----Sp. Exogyra americana Marcou Gryphea washitaensis Hill -----gibberosa Cragin Alectryonia aff. carinata (Lamarck) Pecten (Neithea) subalpinus (Bose) -----texanus Roemer ? catherina Cragin -----bellula Cragin -----wrighti Shumard Plkatula incongrua Conrad (subgurgitis Bose) dentonensis Cragin ?spp. Lima wacoensis Roemer spp. (Ctenostreon) n. sp. -----generosa Cragin ?Spondylus hilli Cragin Pholadomya shattucki Bose (roemeri Shattuck) 18Dwarfed faunules have been reported in Texas from the following formations: Kiamichi, Duck Creek marl, Denton, Pawpaw, Grayson-Del Rio, Eagle Ford, Terlingua beds ; they occur at several places in northern Mexico in Upper Creta­ceous formations, notably in the Gardenas beds at Tula, Tamaulipas. A sum­mary of the conditions of dwarfing is given in Shimer, Hervey W., 1908, Dwarf Faunas. Amer. Nat., XLII, no. 499, 472,.-490. For summary of literature, and references, see Grabau, Principles of Stratigraphy. Remondia robbinsi Cragin Trigonia sp. Pinna sp. Pachymya n. sp. aff. austinensis Shumard Turritella marnochi White -----seriatim-granulata Roemer -----spp. Pleurotomaria austinensis Shumard -----macilenta Cragin -----robusta Cragin Cinulia aff. tarrantensis Cragin ?Nerinea sp. ?Neritina sp. Trochosmilia sp. Serpula sp. Lamna sp. Fucoids Denton Formation Cymatoceras texanum (Shumard) Acanthoceras sp. aff. aumalense Coquand Engo:noceras spp. Pervinquieria spp. Alectryonia sp. aff. carinata Lamarck Alectryonia quadriplicata (Shumard) Gryphea washitaensis Hill Plicatula dentonensis Cragin Pecten subalpinus Bose Pecten sp. aff. inconspicuus Cragin Trigonia emoryi Conrad Ophioglypha texana Clark Goniophorus sp. Leiocidaris hemigranosus (Shumard)? W eno Formation Cymatoceras texanum (Shumard) Cymatoceras sp. Ancyloceras bendirei Adkins Engonoceras serpentinum (Cragin) Engonoceras spp. Pervinquieria wintoni (Adkins) Pervinquieria spp. Alectryonia sp. aff. carinata Lamarck Alectryonia rnarcoui (Bose) Alectryonia quadriplicata (Shumard) Barbatia simondsi Whitney ? Cardium sp. aff. congestum Corbula basiniformis Adkins Corbula littoralis Adkins Corbula wenoensis Adkins Cyprimeria washitaensis Adkins Exogyra sp. aff. arietina Roemer Gervilliopsis invaginata (White) Homomya sp. Leda sp. Lima wacoensis Roemer Nucula nokonis Adkins Nucula wenoensis Adkins Ostrea perversa Cragin Ostrea subovata Shumard Plicatula incongrua Conrad Pecten inconspicuus Cragin Pecten georgetownensis Kniker Pecten subalpinus Bose Pecten texanus Roemer Protocardia aff. multistriata Conrad Protocardia aff. texana (Conrad) Protocardia vaughani Shattuck Pholadomya shattucki Bose Pachymya austinensis Shumard Pachymya sp. Remondia acuminata (Cragin) Tapes spp. Cardita wenoensis (Adkins) Trigonia clavigera Cragin Amberleya graysonensis Adkins Anchura mudgeana White Cinulia washitaensis Adkins Cinulia sp. aff. pelletti Whitney Cerithium sp. Trochus laticonicus Adkins Turritella graysonensis Adkins Turriteila worthensis Adkins "Nodosaria" texana Conrad Pentagonaster texensis Adkins and Winton Ophioglypha texana Clark? Starfish, indet. Dumblea symmetrica Cragin Hemiaster calvini Clark Hemiaster sp. aff. bexari Clark Heteraster bravoensis (Bose) Heteraster sp. aff. texanus (Roemer) Heteraster wenoensis (Adkins) Holaster sp. aff. simplex Shumard Hoiectypus charltoni Cragin Holectypus limitis Bose Leiocidaris hemigranosus (Shumard)? Macraster subobesus (Adkins) Macraster wenoensis (Adkins) Macraster sp. (large) Phymosoma sp. Salenia sp. Washitaster riovistae (Adkins) Pawpaw Formation Phymosoma volanum (Cragin) Salenia volana Whitney Peltastes n. sp. Heteraster bravoensis (Bose) Heteraster cf. texanus. (Roemer) Heteraster wenoensis (Adkins) Macraster wenoensis (Adkins) Macraster subobesus (Adkins) Macraster n. sp. Washitaster sp. aff. riovistae (Adkins) "Metopaster" hortensae (Adkins) "Comptonia" wintoni Adkins "Pentaceros" americana Adkins gen. indet. (Asteroidea) Ophioglypha sp. Arca washitaensis Adkins Alectryonia aff. carinata (Lamarck) Alectryonia quadriplicata (Shumard) Ostrea subovata Shumard ( ?) Ostrea marcoui Bose Gryphea washitaensis Hill Leda (?) sp. Lima wacoensis Roemer Nucula spp. Plicatula incongrua Conrad Pecten subalpinus Bose Remondia acuminata Cragin Cardita wenoensis (Adkins) Baculites comanchensis Adkins Engonoceras serpentinum (Cragin) Engonoceras n. spp. Flickia boesei Adkins Hamites tenawa Adkins and Winton Hamites aff. armatus Sowerby Kossmatella aff. marut Stoliczka Neokentroceras worthense (Adkins) Pervinquieria wintoni (Adkins) Pervinquieria spp. Stoliczkaia adkinsi Bose Scaphites hilli Adkins and Winton Scaphites spp. Turrilites worthensis Adkins and Winton Turrilites spp. Submantelliceras worthense (Adkins) Mantelliceras (?) spp. Worthoceras worthense (Adkins) Cymatoceras texanus (Shumard) Cymatoceras spp. Cinulia sp. Nerinea sp. Turbo ( ?) sp. Turritella sp. Helicocryptus mexicanus Bose "Nodosaria" texana Conrad Pleisiosaur, indet. Main Street Formatioides excavata CUSHMAN AND WA'tERS 1927, 32, 82, pl. X, figs. 3 a-b. Navarro: Near Quinlan, Hunt County (type locality). Haplophragmoides glabra CUSHMAN AND WATERS 1927, 32, 83, pl. X, figs. 6 a-b. Navarro: Hunt County (type locality). Haplepbragmoides rugosa CUSHMAN AND WATERS 1927, 32, 83, pl. X, figs. 4 a-b. Navarro: East of Richland (type locality). Flabellammina alexanderi CUSHMAN 1928, Contr. Cushm. Lab. Foram. Res., Vol. IV, pt. 1, no. 54, p. 1, pl. I, figs. 3-4. ALExANDER 1928, Jour. Pal., Vol. II, no. 1, p. 44, figs. 1-2. Upper Goodland of Fort Worth region: Tarrant County, marl seam at road level, Stove Foundry road, 6 miles west of Fort Worth (type locality; holotype Cushman Collection No. 7061). Only in upper one-third of the Goodland formation, most abundant near the middle of its stratigraphic range and less common toward the upper and lower limits; and in one exposure of the uppermost Kiamichi (Mustang Creek, northern Johnson County) according to Alexander. TEXTULARIDAE "Nodosaria" texana CONRAD 1857, 18, 159, pl. XIV, figs. 4 a-c. BiisE 1910, 8, 177, pl. XXXV, figs. 4-6, 9; pl. XLV, fig. 3. CHRISTNER AND WHEELER 1918, Univ. Texas Bull. 1819, pl. VIII. ADKINS AND WINTON 1920, 3, 76, pl. XXI. ADKINS 1920, 1, 145, pl. XI, fig. 2. WINTON 1925, 115, pl. XV, fig. 4. Test consists of a linear, straight or slightly curved, single (in later stages) series of overlapping chambers, with the aperture of each chamber projecting into the next as a. slightly pyriform pro­trusion, resulting in a sagittal profile of the cavity. Shell finely arenaceous, apparently with calcareous cement; no coarse grains or inclusions. Aperture a set of terminal multiple perforations, varying in number but this variation relatively independent of the stage of growth. Initial stage unknown. Externally the species has some resemblance to Cribrogenerina Schubert; Mrs. Plummer suggests a resemblance to HaplosfJiche Reuss depending on the labyrinthic char­acter of the chambers. There are several species in the Texas Comanchean. Its reference to the Too;tularidae is quite uncertain. Trinity: Solitario. Fredericksburg: Near Austin. Goodland: Near Fort Worth. Weno: North-central Texas; northern Trans-Pecos Texas. Del Rio: South-central Texas; southern Trans-Pecos Texas. Textularia conica n'ORBIGNY. CARSEY 1926, 13, 23, pl. VII, fig. 1. Del Rio: Washita division. Textularia costata CARSEY 1926,5 13, 26, pl. I, fig. 4. Navarro: (? =Guembelina ecolata). Textularia globulosa EHRENBERG. PLUMMER 1927, 74, p. 37, (Na­varro); CARSEY 1926, 13, 25, pl. V, figs. 2 a-b. Gulf Series. (?=Guembelina globosa). Textularia globifera REUSS. CARSEY 1926, 13, 25-26. Taylor; Navarro. Textularia rioensis CARSEY 1926, 13, 24, pl. VII, fig. 2. Del Rio; Washita. Textularia aemicomplanata C'ARSEY 1926, 13, 25, pl. III, fig. 4. Taylor; Navarro. Textularia washitensia CARSEY 1926, 13, 24, pl. VII, fig. 6. Del Rio. VERNEUILINIDAE Clavulina triquetra (R,Euss). PLUMMER 1927, 74, 36; MARTINOTTI 1925, 69, 176, pl. VI. Navarro. Gaudryina bulletta CARSEY 1926, 13, 28, pl. IV, fig. 4; PLUMMER 1927, 74, 36-37. Taylor; Navarro. Gaudryina filiformis BERTHELIN. CARSEY 1926, 13, 28, pl. VII, fig. 7; MOREMAN 1927, 73, 99, pl. XVI, fig. 8. Del Rio; Eagle Ford: Six miles northwest of Irving. th~~~ho~calities of the species described in this bulletin are not recorded by Gaudryina pupoidea D'ORBIGNY. CARSEY 1926, 13, 2 7, pl. IV, fig. 5; PLUMMER 1927, 74, p. 36. Taylor; Navarro. Tritaxia tricarinata (REUSS). CARSEY 1926, 13, 27, pl. VI, figs. 4 a-b. Del Rio; Taylor; Navarro. OPHTHALMIDllDAE Cornuspira carinata (C'OSTA). PLUMMER 1927, 74, 160, pl. XII, fig. 9. Navarro: (Texas). MILIOLIDAE Miliolina sp. CARSEY 1926, 13, 51, pl. VIII, fig. 5. (Massilina?) Edwards. Quinqueloculina rotunda CARSEY 1926, 13, 50, pl. I, figs. 3 a-b. Navarro. Quinqueloculina stelligera SCHLUMBERGER. MOREMAN 1927, 73, 100, pl. XVI, figs. 11-12. Eagle Ford: Six miles northwest of Irving. TROCHAMMINIDAE Trocbammina diagonis (CARSEY) 1926, 13, 22, pl. III, fig. 1 (Haplo­phrag71Wides). C'uSHMAN AND WATERS 1927, 32, 83, pl. x, figs. 7 a-c. Taylor; Navarro; and in well cores at Mexia. Trocbammina gyroides CUSHMAN AND WATERS 1927, 32, 84, pl. X, figs. 8 a-b. Navarro: East of Richland. Trocbammina texana CUSHMAN AND WATERS 1927, 32, 85, pl. XI, figs. 8 a-c. Navarro: Near Quinlan, Hunt County (type locality). ORBITOLINIDAE Orbitolina texana (ROEMER) 1852, 78, 86, pl. x, figs. 7 a-------------------------------A. texana CRAGIN Shorter (L/ H=2) Beaks subcentral; few concentric ribs__ _ ________A. sbattucki Beaks anterior; numerous concentric ribs______A. austinensis Anatina obliquiplicata CRAGIN 1905, 27, 85, pl. XVI, figs. 7-8. Shell elongate, round.ed anteriorly, narrowed posteriorly with a median radial depression, anterior to which are several coarse con­centric plications; posteriorly nearly smooth. Basal Cretaceous: Malone (type locality). Anatina (?) pliculifera CRAGIN 1905, 27, 86, pl. XV, figs. 9-10. Form roughly rectangular, length and height in proportion 5 :3. A few coarse, subequal concentric plications. Quadrate in contour. Basal Cretaceous: Malone (type locality). Anatina texana CRAGIN 1893, 21, 168, pl. XLI, fig. 5. Form elongate oval, length and height in proportion 2.5 :1. Um,. bona! region broadly rounded, projecting. Shell with 15 or more low concentric plications fainter in beak region. Height 55 mm., length 131 mm., thickness 35 mm. Comanche Peak: San Gabriel River, 2 miles above Georgetown. Anatina ahattucki new name. Anatina texama SHATTUCK 1903, 86, 30, pl. XVIII, fig. 3 (not CRAGIN 1893) . Form rather oval, compressed; length nearly twice height; 8 or more unequal, rounded concentric plications, rather quadrate in outline. Buda: Austin (Shoal Creek) (type locality). Anatina auatinenais SHATTUCK 1903, 86, 29, pl. XVIII, figs. 1-2. Form elongate-oval, ventral margin fairly straight; length, height, and thickness in proportion 3:1.5 :1. About 16 subequal, rounded, concentric ribs, subquadrate in contour. Buda: Austin (Shoal Creek). Anatina sulcatina SHUMARD 1862, 90, 204-205. Shell large, ovate, thin, inequivalve, very inequilateral; width greater than length; anterior end broadly rounded, posterior end short, contracted, narrowly rounded; beaks smdl, only slightly ele­vated, posterior to l!liddle; narrow sulcus from beak to pallial margin. Surface in 20-25 rounded concentric folds, which become indistinct posteriorly; numerous fine growth lines. Length 87 mm., width 37 mm., thickness 13 mm. Navarro: Chatfield Point (type locality). Anatina tosta CRAGIN 1893=Pholadomya. Superfamily CHAMACEA DICERATIDAE Dall REQUIENIA MATHERON Smooth, very inequivalve, attached by the spirally twisted beak of the left valve; right valve opercular, fiat, spiral; teeth feeble; posterior adductor scar buttressed. Restricted to the rudistid­reef facies. Lower Cretaceous. Requienia patagiata WHITE 1884. See Toucaaia patagiata WHITE. Requienia texana (ROEMER). (Caprotina.) See Toucaaia texana. (ROEMER). Requienia bicornis MEEK (?) • 1876, 71. Fredericluburc? Fort Lancaster (Crockett County, east of Shef­field). Requienia sp. Trinity: Nine miles south of Van Horn wells (Chispa sheet). TOUCASIA MUNIER-CHALM:AS Differs from Requienia in having both valves keeled. Toucasia patagiata (WHITE) 1884. Requienia patagiata WHITE 1884, 108, 6, pl. I, figs. 1-8; pl. II, figs. 1-4. ROEMER 1888, 80, 12, pl. I, fig. 16; pl. III, figs. 5 a-c. SCOTT 1926, 85, p. 173 (Toucasia). HILL 1889, 52, p. 12. Left valve larger than right, tall, spiral, with two or three volu­tions, with wrinkled keel; upper surface above keel flattened, lower surface convex. Right valve similar but shorter and with less acute and less wrinkled keel, about two volutions, spire more flattened. Hinge strong, the principal tooth of the right valve being large and prominent. Surface marked by irregular growth lines. Edwards: Barton Creek, Austin (type locality); Austin, Deep Eddy Bluff and numerous other localities; Crawford (Bluff Creek); Oglesby; 4 miles west of Belton. Toucasia texana (ROEMER) 1852. Caprotina texana ROEMER 1852, 78, 80, pl. V, figs. 2 a-c. Requienia texana WHITE 1884, 108, 7, pl. II, figs. 5-7. HILL 1889, 52, p. 12. SCOTT 1926, 85, p. 173 (Toucasia). Left valve large, about 2 to 3 volutions, spire flattened, rapidly enlarging. Keel not wrinkled or fringed, with a broad, fiat spiral surface above, and a flattened shape similar to that of larger valve. Edwards: Austin. Toucasia sp. Trinity: Nine miles south of Van Horn wells (Chispa sheet). MONOPLEURIDAE Fischer MONOPLEURA MATHERON Attached by conical or twisted right (larger) valve; left valve smaller, conical or fiat-operculate; posterior adductor scar buttressed; dentition inverse. Lower Cretaceous (confined to the rudistid·reef facies). Monopleura marcida WHITE 1884, 108, 8, pls. III-IV. ROEMER 1888, 80, 10-11, pl. III, figs. 1 a-d. HILL 1889, 52, p. 12. SCOTT 1926, 85, p. 174----------------------------------------------------------------Plate II, figure 4 Right valve fairly thin, long, slender, twisted or distorted, rather subelliptical in cross-section; ligamental groove extends along its whole length. Left valve flattened, operculiform, marked with con­ centric growth-lines and irregular radial lines. Tooth of right valve prominent: hinge plate and two teeth of left valve rather strong. Radiating lines of left valve more pronounced, and right valve much Batter and more operculiform than in M. pinguiscula. Edwards: Austin (type locality); Barton Creek, 2 miles above mouth; Deep Eddy Bluff; Crawford; Belton; Oglesby. Monopleura pinguiscula WHITE 1884, 108, 8-9, pl. V. ROEMER 1888, 80, 11, pl. III, figs. 2 a-c. HILL 1889, 52, p. 12. SCOTT 1926, 85, p. 174. Right valve long, conical, curved, often twisted, cross-section sub­elliptical, body-cavity large and deep, surface with annular growth­lines and some faint longitudinal lines; ligamental groove prominent, extending along whole length of valve; attachment scar variable. Left (smaller) valve strongly convex, rather thick, its umbonal portion being prominent, strongly incurved and projecting beyond hinge line. Hinge strong; tooth of right valve large and prominent; teeth of left valve located upon a strong plate. Edwards: Austin (type locality), and Barton Creek, 2 miles above mouth. Monopleura subtriquetra ROEMER 1852, 78, 81, pl. V, figs. 5 a-b. SCOTT 1926, 85, 174. HILL 1893, 56, 103. Cross-section of large valve oval to trapezoidal, increasing rapidly in size, curved, ligamental ,groove prominent, well marked concentric growth-striae and in terminal portion fine, numerous longitudinal lines. Smaller valve not figured. Fredericksburg: (?) San Saba Valley, and upper course of Peder­nales River. Monopleura texana ROEMER 1852, 78, 81, pl. V, figs. 3 a-b. HILL 1893, 56, 103. SCOTT 1926, 85, 174. Large valve with an exceptionally depressed spiral, rapidly ex­panding, about one (?) volution. Small valve ovate-triangular, sub­operculiform. Generic determination uncertain. Fredericksburg: Waco Camp, on the Guadalupe River west of New Braunfels. CAPRINIDAE d'Orbigny Shell very inequiv:-ilve, thick, inverse. Right valve attached, coni­cal or spiral, with s:ronG tooth OP.tween two cavities. Left valve free, twisted or spiral, ~wo tc>eth '.·.·ith a cavity between. Three shell layers: outer one prismatic, inner one thinner and porcellanous; middle layer in one or both valves with a system of numerous longi­tudinal canals. PLAGIOPTYCHUS MATHERON Right valve conical or twisted, attached; left (free) valve convex, with incurved beak, with canals in middle layer. 146 University of Texas Bulletin Plagioptychus (?) cordatus ROEMER 1888, 80, 13, pl. II, figs. 2 a-e. HILL 1893, 56, p. 103. Subequivalve, outline of valves cordate, beaks twisted. Right valve attached by beak; left valve sharply keeled with beak inrolled under that of right valve. Surface smooth. Generic determination uncertain. Edwards: Austin (Barton Creek, 2 miles above mouth) (type locality); Bluff Creek, near Crawford. CAPRINULA o'ORBIGNY Right valve attached, elongated, conical or incurved; left (free) valve smaller, gyrate; both valves with large inner and small outer canals; hinge as in Caprina. Caprinula anguis (ROEMER) 1888, 80, 9, pl. I, figs. 7 a-b; pl. II, figs. 2 a-d (Ichthyosarcolites). DOUVILLE, H., 1900: Sur quelques ru­distes americains. Bull. Soc. Geol. France, XXVIII, p. 220, figs. 16-17 (Caprinula). S<,'OTT 1926, 85, p. 172. ADKINS 1924, Univ. Texas Bull. 2340, p. 36. Edwards: Austin, Barton Creek, 2 miles above mouth (type lo­cality); Crawford. Caprinula (?) crassifibra (ROEMER) 1852, 78, 79, pl. V, fig. 6. Edwards: Central Texas. Caprinula (?) guadalupae (ROEMER) 1852, 78. Edwards: Central Texas. Caprinula (?) planata (CONRAD) 1857, 18. Fredericksburg: West Texas. Caprinula (?) occidentalis (CONRAD) 1857, 18. Fredericksburg: West Texas. CAPRINELLA o'ORBIGNY Caprinella sp. aff. coraloidea HALL AND MEEK. WADE 1926, 103, 82, pl. XXV, figs. 13-14. Austin chalk: Travis county, Richard Schmidt quarry, near Pilot Knob. Superfamily RUDISTACEAE RADIOLITIDAE Gray EORADIOLITES DOUVILLE Eoradiolites davidsoni (HILL). Radiolites davidsoni HILL 1893, 56, 106, pl. XIII, and text fig. 1 (on page 107). Radwlites davidsoni DOUVILLE 1900, Bull. Soc. Geol. France, XXVIII, 218, figs. 13-15. Praeradiolites davidsoni DoUVII.LE 1902, Classification des radiolites. Soc. Geol. France, Mem., p. 465. Agria davidsoni ToucAs 1907, Soc. Geol. France, Vol. XIV, Mem. 36, p. 24, pl. XI. Agria davidsoni SCOTT 1926, 85, p. 1 72. Eoradiolites davidsoni H. DOUVILLE 1910, Etudes Sur les Rudistes. Soc. Geol. France, Mem., 41 (Paleontologie, tome XVIII). Eoradiol-ites davidsoni H. DOUVILLE 1912, 38, 245. Eoradiolites davidsoni ADKINS 1924, Univ. Texas Bull. 2340, p. 36. Edwards: Belton; Central Texas. SAUVAGESIA Sauvageaia texana (ROEMER) 1852. Hiwurites texanus ROEMER 1852, 78, 76, pl. V, figs. 1 a-e. Radiolites texanus HILL 1893, 56, p. 103. HILL 1889, 52, p. 13. Sauvagesia texana ToucAs 1909, Soc. Geol. France, Mem. 36, pt. 3, 82, pl. XVI. SCOTT 1926, 85, p. 1 72. Float: In Guadalupe River at New Braunfels (type locality). Edwards: Near Austin. DURANIA Durania (?) aabinae ROEMER 1849, 77, p. 410; 1852, 78, p. 77 (Radio­ lites). Limy casts of interior of a radiolite species. Edwards(?): Sabine Creek, crossing of New Braunfels-Freder­icksburg road. Durania austinensis (ROEMER) 1852. Radiolites austinensis ROEMER 1852, 78, 77, pl. VI, figs. 1 a-d. HILL 1889, 52, p. 13. HILL 1901, 57, pl. XLIV, fig. 1. BOSE 1906, Inst. Geol. Mex., Bol. 24 (Gardenas), 57, pl. XI, fig. 1; pl. XIII, fig. 8; pl. XIV, fig. 1. UDDEN 1907, 100, p. 39. Sauvagesia austinensis ToucAs 1909, Soc. Geol. France, Mem. 36, pt. 3, p. 96. SCOTT 1926, 85, p. 175. Durania austinensis H. DOUVILLE. Durania austinensis· ADKINS 1924, Univ. Texas. Bull. 2340, p. 82. Austin chalk: At Austin (type locality). Taylor: Travis, McLennan, and Bell counties. Radiolitea rugoaa GIEBEL 1852, 45, .365, pl. 7, fig. 1. PRATHER 1901, 75, 85-87. ADKINS 1924, Univ. Texas Bull. 2340, p. 38. Giebel's figures do not make clear the proper generic assignment of this species. Type locality: Probably "Cibolo, 8 miles from Comanche Spring." Edwards(?): Near Waco (Prather). Radiolites cf. socialis D'0RBIGNY. UDDEN 1907, 100, p. 39. Terlingua beds: Brewster County, north of Laguna and west of Emory Peak. Superfamily LUCINACEA LUCINIDAE Fleming PHACOIDES BLAINVU.LE Lucina s. s. (Tertiary and Recent) is smooth, has the teeth obsolete, and the radial sulcus absent; the genus (or subgenus) Phacoides has low concentric ribs, sulcus absent, dentition complete, some Texas species equilateral and others not. Cretaceous-Tertiary. Unfortu­nately, the facts concerning the dentition of Texan species have not been published. Phacoides (?) potosina (CASTILLO AND AGUILERA) 1895, Com. Geol. Mex., Bol. I, 6, pl. IV, figs. 2, 3, 6; pl. V, figs. 11-14 (Lucina); CRAGIN 1903, 27, 72, pl. XIII, figs. 4-5 (Lucina). Inequilateral, thick, longer than tall, a few low, subequally spaced concentric ribs; small species (?) . Basal Cretaceous: Malone. Pl\acoides (?) potosinus var. metrica (CRAGIN) 1903, 27, 73, pl. XIII, figs. 6--10 (Lucina). Cragin's fig. 6 is nearly equilateral, and taller than wide, while his fig. 9 is inequilateral and longer than tall; probably different species. Basal Cretaceous: Malone. Phacoides (?) planiuscula (CRAGIN) 1903, 27, 75, pl. XIII, fig. 3 (Lucina). Inequilateral, longer than tall; concentric ribbing obsolete except on anterior and posterior margins. Basal Cretaceous: Malone. Phacoides acute-lineolatus (ROEMER) 1888, 80, 14, pl. III, figs. 4 a-b (Lucina). Subquadrate, slightly longer than tall, inequilateral; prominent concentric ribs separated by deep, broad grooves. Edwards: Austin, Barton Creek, 2 miles above mouth (type locality) ; Deep Eddy Bluff. Phacoides (?) sublenticularis (SHUMARD) 1860, 89, 602 (Lucina). Length 47 mm., width 43 mm., subcircular, inequilateral; numer­ous, fine, concentric, unequal lines of growth. Eagle Ford (septaria) : Lamar and Fannin counties, bluffs of Red River. Lucina (?) parvilineata SHUMARD 1862, 90, p. 204 (Lucina). Shell broadly ovate or subcircular, a little longer than wide, com­pressed; valves gently convex, inferior margin round.ed. Beaks small, moderately elevated, directed backwards, and situated nearer the anterior end. Surfrce bears crowded concentric striae, and on the anterior and posterior slopes radiating lines. Length 19 mm., width 17 mm., thickness 6 mm. Navarro: Near Corsicana (type locality). CORBIS CUVIER Corbis (Mutiella) roblesi BOSE 1910, 8, 127, pl. XXVII, figs. 1-3. Upper Fredericksburg (zone Oxy. chihuahuense): La Encantada, Chihuahua (type locality). PACHYCARDIUM Pachycardium spillmani (CONRAD) 1858. STEPHENSON 1923, 96, 298, pl. LXXIII, figs. 3-5 (synonymy). Taylor, Navarro: North-central and south-central Texas. THRACIIDAE Dall THRACIA LEACH Thracia myaefor.mis WHITE 1880, 105, 297, pl. VI, figs. 1-2. WHITE 1883, 106, 23, pl. XVII, figs. 2 a-b. Shell large (length 57 mm.), subequivalve, transversely elongate oval, wider and thicker anteriorly than posteriorly, both ends regu­ larly rounded, beaks prominent, incurved, and directed a little for­ wards; pallial sinus large and subangular at its anterior end. Sur­ face marked by growth lines, and by irregular concentric wrinkles. Cretaceous: Bell County (type locality). Superfamily POROMYACEA POROMYACIDAE Dall LIOPISTHA MEEK 1864 (genotype: Cardium elegantu/,um ROEMER 1852). Liopiatha protexta (CONRAD) 1853. STEPHENSON 1923, 96, 250, pl. LXV, fig. 3. Shell subovate in outline, inequilateral, moderately ventricose. Beaks incurved, prominent, approximate, situated a little in advance of the mid-length. Anterior margin regularly rounded; ventral margin broadly and regularly rounded. Surface marked by about 30 prominent, sub­acute ribs; on a rather narrow area along the inner antero-dorsal slope the ribs become obsolete; the ribs appear to be obsolete or absent on the postero-dorsal slope. Size medium (length about 30 mm.). Navarro (Exogyra costata zone): Kaufman County, field on Simp­son's place, 2 miles southeast of Kaufman (7547); near Kaufman (U.S.N.M. C'at. No. 20991); Navarro County, concretions in field south of Chatfield (7569); near Chatfield (U.S.N.M. Cat. No. 21065); near Corsicana (U.S.N.M. Cat. No. 20932). Liopistha elegantula (ROEMER) 1849, 77, 405. ROEMER 1852, 78, 48, pl. VI, figs. 5 a-c (Cardium). Proportionately longer than L. protexta, the basal margin is more broadly rounded, the umbo more projecting, the ribs are somewhat more widely spaced and are surmounted by numerous fine, subequal granules. Austin chalk: Near New Braunfels, waterfall of Guadalupe River (type locality). Liopistha (Cymella) bella (CONRAD) 1875. STEPHENSON 1923, 96, 253, pl. LXV, figs. 4-8. Shell subovate in outline, very thin, equivalve, inequilateral, mod­erately convex, becoming somewhat compressed posteriorly. Beaks prominent, strongly incurved, approximate, situated slightly in ad­vance of the mid-length. Dorsal margins sloping from the summit at an angle of about 120 degrees, the anterior one being slightly steeper than the posterior one. Surface marked by 20-24 promi­nent, regularly spaced, concentric plications, which terminate at the margin of the lunule-and escutcheon-like areas. The surface is further partly ornamented by a group of 6-9 moderately distinct, acute ribs which trend downward from the beak to the central and posterior portions of the ventral margin; these modify the tops of the concentric ridges more than they do the bottoms of the inter­V'ening depressions. The number, spacing, and prominence of the radiating lines differ somewhat on different individuals; the lines located centrally in the group are more prominent than those towards the margins, where they become faint to obscure. Navarro, San Miguel: Texas (form with more numerous radial costae, which are of the broad, round-crested type separated by narrow interspaces), Stephenson 1923, 96, 254. PACHYMYIDAE PACHYMYA SOWERBY Pachymya austinenaia SHUMARD 1860, 89, 604. WHITE 1879, 104, 298, pl. V, figs. 7 a-b; pl. VIII, figs. 1 a-b. SHATTUCK 1903, 86, 26. ADKINS AND WINTON 1920, 3, 75, pl. XVII, fig. 10. WINTON 1925, 115, 60, pl. XI, fig. 3 .. ---·-··--··---------------·--------Plate XV, figure 3 Casts large, elongate, oval, somewhat compressed dorso-ventrally, both ends rounded, inequilateral, subequivalve, beaks nearly termi­nal; a prominent carina runs from beak obliquely downwards and backwards. Concentric growth lines; some casts show sparse, fine tubercles. Washita division: Buda, at Austin, Shoal Creek (type locality); Salado, Bell County. Upper Weno: Fort Worth (rare). Basal Main Street: Fort Worth (abundant). Pachymya austinensis var. budaensis WHITNEY 1911, 111, 16, pls. V-VI. "This shell is very closely related to P. austinensis SHUMARD and may be identical with it, but the Buda type is much higher posteriorly and not so greatly angulated on the umbonal slope." Buda: Austin, Shoal Creek (type locality). Order TELODESMACEA Superfamily CYPRICARDIACEA PLEUROPHORIDAE Dall (Cyprinid.ae) ROUDAIRIA :MuNIER-CHALMAS Like Trapezium, but with a sharp keel and smooth area behind, anteriorly with concentric ridges; right posterior cardinal bifid. Upper Cretaceous. Roudairia denisonenais CRAGIN 1894, 23, p. 57. This species has not been rediscovered; from the description it appears to be a Protocardia. Grayson: One-half mile southeast of Union Station, Denison, in old D. B. & N. 0. Railway cut (type locality). Roudairia securiformis CRAGIN Protocardia securiformis (CRA­GIN). TRAPEZIUM HUMPH. emend. :MBGERLB (Cyprna.rdia) Shell elongate, trapezoidal, concentrically (or more rarely ra­dially) sculptured, many species with a posterior keel; three cardinal teeth in each valve, the posterior one of the right valve often bifid. Trapezium compactum (WHITE) 1880, 105, 297 (Pachymya?). WHITE 1883, 106, 22, pl. XVII, figs. 4 a-b. WHITNEY 1911, 11, 17, pl. VII, figs. 1-3 (Artica). Small, inflated, elongate, subequivalve, beaks approximate, small, directed forwards and located anteriorly. Basal margin broadly convex, posterior end narrowly rounded; postero-dorsal margin forms an oblique downward and backward truncation of posterior part of shell. Umbonal ridges prominent, angular or subangular. Surface marked by concentric growth lines. "Cretaceous": Bell County (type locality). Buda: Austin, Shoal Creek. ARCTICA SCHUM. (Cyprina) Oval or rounded, inflated, concentrically striated; beaks promi­nent, curved, cardinals three in each valve, the left posterior often bifid, the middle left cardinal largest, the posterior one ridge-like. Jurassic, Cretaceous, Recent. Arctica coteroi (CASTILLO AND AGUILERA). CRAGIN 1905, 27, 77, pl. XIII, figs. 11-12. Cast small, subequivalve, nearly equilateral, antero-dorsal margin concave, posterior margin convex, basal margin broadly rounded, cast about as tall as long; cast inflated, beaks small, close together. Basal Cretaceous: Malone. Arctica streeruwitzi (CRAGIN) 1893, 21, 180, pl. XXXVI, figs. 3-5; pl. XL, fig. 2. CRAGIN 1905, 27, 78, pl. XIV, figs. 1-2; pl. XV, fig. 1 (Cyprina). Form large, ovate, triangular; beaks small, incurved, close to­gether. Shell ornamented with irregular, concentric striae, some of them coarser. Basal Cretaceous: Malone. Arctica roemeri (CRAGIN) 1893, 21, 179, pl. XXXVIll, figs. 1-2. Large cast, subequivalve, hinge line short, beaks small, incurved, close together; basal margin broadly rounded. Glen Rose: Gillespie, Burnet, Erath, Hood, Parker, and Jack counties; western Travis County; Hood County, 2 miles east of Buckner. Arctica texana (CONRAD) 1857, 18, 148, pl. III, figs. 3 a--e (Trigonia). CRAGIN 1893, 21, pp. 178, 180 (Cyprina). Differs from ;trctica roemeri in having the beak region much more projecting, the hinge line longer, the beaks widely separated instead of apposed, the profile much less evenly rounded in side and in top views. Glen Rose: Gillespie, Lampasas, Bosque, Erath, and Parker coun­ties. Arctica sp. ROEMER 1849, 77, 407. ROEMER 1852, 78, 47. Fredericksburg: Upper branch of Pedernales River. Arctica mediale (CONRAD) 1857, 18, 149, pl. IV, figs. 4 a-b (Cardium). Glen Rose: Central Texas. Type locality not stated. VENIELLA STOLICZKA Left valve with the anterior cardinal strong and subtriangular. Veniella conradi (MORTON) 1833. STEPHENSON 1923, 86, 257, pl. LXVI, figs. 1-5. Shell thick in the adult, equivalve, inequilateral; the outline varies with the age of the individual, being subtrapezoidal in the young and becoming oblique and subtrigonal in the adult; moderately ventricose in the young, becoming strongly ventricose in the adult. Beak in­curved, prosogyrate, situated a little in front of the mid-length in the young, but owing to the thickness of the shell and the increased obliquity becoming nearly terminal in the adult. A sharply defined, angular, umbonal ridge extends from the beak obliquely downward and backward to the lower posterior extremity. Hinge of left valve with two strong cardinal teeth, the anterior trigonal and bifid, the· posterior long and narrow; and a short anterior lateral tooth, a long striated posterior lateral. Right valve with short, narrow anterior cardinal, strong oblique posterior cardinal, two short anterior laterals separated by deep socket with striated sides; long posterior socket. Surface marked by 6-8 distant, thin, elevated concentric lamellae, all but about three being on the beak region.• San Miguel (questionably): Del Rio road, 12.5 miles northwest of Eagle Pass. Navarro (Exogyra costata zone): Kaufman County, near Kauf­man (U.S.N.M. Cat. No. 21023); Navarro County, near Chatfield (U.S.N.M. Cat. No. 21052); near Corsicana (U.S.N.M. C'at. No. 20939); Travis County, 2 miles northwest of Webberville (U.S.N.M. Cat. No. 21182); Guadalupe County, Cibolo Creek, 1.5 miles west of Zuehl (7721), Stephenson 1923, 96, 260-262. Veniella lineata (SHUMARD) 1862, 90, p. 201 (Crassatella). DEUSSEN 1924, 33, pl. XI, figs. 2-2 a. STEPHENSON 1923, p. 263. Shell somewhat trapeziform, gibbous, length about one-fourth greater than width; a carina extends from posterior side of beak to postero-inferior angle. Surface with 10-12 concentric lines sepa­ rated by spaces with gradually widening intervals away from beak. Length (type) 39 mm., width 30 mm., thickness 25 mm. Navarro: Near Corsicana (type locality). Veniella laphami (SHUMARD) 1862, 90, 204 (Arctica?). "Shell small, subtriangular, longer than wide, broad anteriorly and cuneate behind; umbonal region very gibbous; posterior slope falling abruptly to the margin and almost perpendicular to the sides; buccal side short, narrowly rounded; anal side long, truncate at extremity, declining in a very gentle curve from beak to posterior end; pallial margin gently convex; beaks near anterior margin, elevated, in­curved, pointed." Length (type) 10 mm., width 8 mm., thickness 7mm. Upper Cretaceous: Fannin County, bluffs of Red River (type locality). Veniella (Etea) carolinensis (CONRAD). STEPHENSON 1923, 96, 264, pl. LXVI, figs. 9-12. Shell moderately thin, elongate subovate in outline, equivalve, very inequilateral, moderately convex. Beaks incurved, prosogyrate, approximate, situated about one-third the length of the shell from the anterior extremity. Umbonal ridge oblique, angular, sharply de­fined from the beak to the lower posterior extremity; surface back of the umbonal ridge slightly concave. Surface smooth e:ireept for concentric growth lines and undulations. Upson clay (upper part of Exogyra ponderosa zone), questionably: Maverick County, Imperialist Creek 2.5 miles west of Darling siding. Superfamily ASTARTACEA ASTARTIDAE d'Orbigny ASTARTE SOWERBY Triangular-rounded or oval, thick, rather compressed; smooth or concentrically sculptured; lunule impressed; right anterior cardinal strong; dentition variable, from lucinoid heterodont type to forms lacking lateral teeth. (The genotype, Astarte scotica, lacks lateral teeth.) The subgenus Eriphyla GABB (type E. umbonata GABB) has lateral teeth; compare MEEK 1876, 70, pp. 121-126. Astarte lineolata ROEMER 1849, 77, 404; 1852, 78, 51, pl. VII, figs. 8 a--c. Shell small, beak region prominent; narrowly rounded; basal margin broadly curved. Surface ornamentation consists of 15 or more nar­ row, elevated, concentric ridges and about three low concentric ridges in the interval between two taller ridges. Austin?: Ford of Guadalupe River, New Braunfels. Astarte texana CONRAD 1857, 18, 152, pl. V, fig. 9. An indeterminate cast. "Cretaceous: Western Texas." Astarte washitensis SHUMARD 1854, 87, 180, pl. III, fig. 3. "Shell ovate, trigonal, a little longer than wide, compressed, in­equilateral, marked with fine, concentric rounded striae; buccal side shorter than the anal, excavated; basal margin rounded, truncated posteriorly, beaks slightly prominent, excavated." Indeterminate cast. Fredericksburg ? (HILL): C'amp No. 4, Cross Timbers, North­Central Texas (type locality). Astarte (Eripbyla) pikensis HILL 1888, 51, 134, pl. II, figs. 13-17. HILL 1893, 55, 16, 28, pl. IV, figs. 4-6 (Eriphyla). Small, triangular-subovate species, basal margin broadly rounded; ornamentation of numerous, narrowly raised, concentric ridges and wide interspaces. Distinct anterior and posterior lateral teeth pres­ent. Glen Rose: Glen Rose, plant bed on Paluxy River. Trinity division: Pike County, Arkansas. Malone species: Astarte breviacola, A. posticalva, A. craticula, A. (?) isodontoides, A. malonensis CRAGIN 1903, 27. OPIS DEFRANCE Trigonal, cordate, smooth or concentrically striate; beaks promi­nent, prosocoelous; lunule very deep, bordered by a keel; cardinal teeth long, narrow (2:1). Opis texana CRAGIN 1893, 21, p. 196. Fredericksburg: Tom Green County (Twin Mountain). CRASSATELLITIDAE Dall CRASSATELLITES KRUGER (CrassateUa) Craasatellites (?) parvula SHUMARD (Crassatella?) 1862, 90, p. 202. Shell small, thick, subovate, triangular, very gibbous, rounded anteriorly, truncate posteriorly. Surface marked with irregular, concentric folds and fine growth lines. Length 10 m:m., height 7.5 mm., thickness 7 mm. Navarro?: Fannin County, on Red River (type locality). Crasaatellites subplana (CONRAD) 1853. Navarro: Two miles north of Webberville ? (Hill). REMONDIA GABB Remondia GABB 1869, Paleont. C'alif., II, 257-276. STANTON 1897, On the genus Remondia Gabb, a group of Cretaceous bivalve mollusks. Proe. U. S. National Museum, XIX, no. 1109, 299-301. Stearnsia WHITE 1887, On new generic forms of Cretaceous mollusca and their relation to other forms. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1887, 32-37, pl. II. "Shell rather compressed, equivalve or nearly so, elongate sub­quadrate to triangular in outline; lunule and escutcheon well marked and deeply excavated; ligament partly internal; hinge with three cardinal teeth and an anterior lateral lamina in the right valve, and two cardinals with a posterior lateral lamina in the left; free margins smooth or crenulate within; sculpture consisting of strong concentric ridges and furrows which may become obsolete in later stages of growth; posterior end usually (always?) emarginate." Genotype: Remondia furcata GABB (Fredericksburg of Arivechi, Sonora). Remondia robinsi (WHITE) 1887, 109, 33-34, pl. II, figs. 7-9 (Stearnsia robbinsi on plate legend). STANTON 1897, 92, 301, pl. XXVI, figs. 6-8. WHITNEY 1911, 111, 17, pl. VII, fig. 7 (?). Shell small, compressed; antero-dorsal slope straight, angle at beak about 100°; tip not produced as in R. acuminata; there are about 11 coarse concentric ridges. The genotype differs from R. robinsi in being subquadrate instead of subtriangular, and in having many, fine concentric folds or striae. Weno: Big Fossil Creek, 6 miles north of Fort Worth (type locality. Buda (?): Austin (Shoal Creek). Remondia acuminata .(CRAGIN) 1893. Astarte (?Stearnsia) acuminata CRAGIN 1893, 21, 171, pl. XLI, fig. 2. Remondia acuminata ADKINS AND WINTON 1920, 3, 7 4, pl. XIX, figs. 13-15. This species differs from R. robbinsi in having an acuminate tip and fewer, sparser, concentric ribs. Weno: Fort Worth region. Type locality: Float, 3.5 miles east of Fort Worth (doubtless derived from Weno). REMONDIA FERRISS! CRAGIN 1889, Bull. Washburn Coll. Lab. Nat. Hist., 2, no. 10, p. 68. CRAGIN 1894, 22, 5. pl. !, fig. 1. TWEN­HOFEL 1924, 99, p. 83. Belvidere beds: Southern Kansas (type locality). PTYCHOMYA'!J. Like Crassatellites, but with radial sculpture and three cardinals in each valve. C'retaceous. Ptycbomya stantoni CRAGIN 1905, 27, 69, pl. XII, figs. 4-6. GILLET 1924, 47, p. 284. Basal Cretaceous (Theta beds): One and one-half miles east of Torcer (Malone) station. 21Cragin, 1905, 27, pp. 69-71 (catalog of species). Ptychomya ragsdalei (CRAGIN) 1895, 23, p. 58 (Pholadomya). CRAGIN 1905, 27, p. 70. CRAGIN 1894, 24, pp. 42, 47. SHATTUCK 1903, 86, 24, pl. XII, figs. 1-2; pl. XIII, fig. I. Shell medium to large, subovate, depressed, inequilateral, hinge line broad and slightly curved; umbos low, directed forward; two cardinal teeth directed backward, one posterior lateral tooth. Cen­tral part of shell with 25-30 radial tuberculate ribs. Anterior part with numerous short ribs at an angle to the main ribs, the apex of the angle directed toward the beak. Postero-dorsal margin with a narrow zone containing short corrugated ribs. Main Street: Denison, Pawpaw Creek (type locality); Cooke County. Superfamily CARDITACEA CARDITIDAE Gill CARDITA BRUG Beaks elevated; anal cardinal area very elongated; sculpture radial, ribs commonly imbricated at growth lines; cardinals long and oblique. GILLET considers Cardita and Venericardia to be identical. Trias to Recent. Cardita wenoensis (ADKINS) 1920, 1, 125, pl. VI, fig. 2 (Veneri­ cardia). Small, inflated species, equivalve and nearly equilateral. Numer­ous, narrow, raised, radial ribs. Weno: Southeast of Fort Worth (type locality); Gainesville. Cardita n. sp. (ADKINS). Medium sized species, with numerous, narrow, raised, radial ribs. Del Rio (top): Bosqueville, McLennan County. CARDITA BELVIDERENSIS CRAGIN 1894, Am. Geol. IV, 5, pl. I, figs. 9-11. TWENHOFEL 1924, 99, 62, pl. XIII, figs. 4-6. Champion shell bed: Southern Kansas. Cardita eminula CONRAD 1857, 18, 150, pl. VI. fig. 8. Small, tall, equivalve, species with apex slightly curved; basal margin nearly circular; with 16 or more broadly rounded, straight, radial ribs with narrow interspaces. Lower Washita: Leon Springs, Pecos County (type locality). Cardita subtetrica CONRAD 1857 18, 164, pl. XXI, fig. 5. Medium-sized shell fragment, with numerous, straight subequal, radial ribs, rather fiat on top, crossed by concentric growth lines which form transverse elevations on crossing the ribs. Cretaceous: "Rio Bravo del Norte, Texas." CARDITA POSODAE Bose 1910, 8, 120. pl. XXV, figs. 4, 6-7; pl. XXVI, fig. 3. Inflated subequivalve, subtriangular species with broadly rounded basal margin, anterior end sharply rounded, posterior end produced; ornamented with 15 or more narrow, raised radial ribs with broad flat interspaces. Upper Fredericksburg (horizon of Oxytropidoceras chihuahuense): La Encantada, Chihuahua (type locality). CARDITA ARIVECHENSIS HEILPRIN 1890, Proc., Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., p. 452. BOSE 1910, 8, 126. Cardita alticosta GABB 1869, Pal. Calif., II, 268, pl. XXXVI, fig. 16. Differs from C. posodae in being less pentagonal and more obliquely triangular, somewhat heavier, and interspaces less flat. Fredericksburg: Sierra de las Conchas, Arivechi, Sonora. Superfamily CARDIACEA CARDllDAE Fischer CARDIUM LINNAEUS It has not been practicable, from the figures and descriptions, to give a proper generic assignment to the following species. Cardium choctawense SHUMARD 1860, 89, 599. WHITE 1883, 106, 39, pl. XVIII, figs. 7 a-c. Eagle Ford: Sherman (Post Oak Creek). Cardium congestum CONRAD 1857, 18, 149, pl. VI, figs. 5 a-d. Locality: "Rio San Pedro." Cardium (?) sevierense HILL 1888, Sl, 133, pl. II, fig. 20; pl. IV, figs. 3-3 a-3 b. HILL 1893, SS, p. 29. Trinity division: Arkansas. Cardium mediale CONRAD 1857. See Arctica mediale. Cardium sancti-sabae ROEMER 1852. See Pholadomya sancti-sabae. Cardium elegantulum ROEMER 1852. See Liopistha elegantula. Cardium lamarensis SHUMARD 1860. See Meretrix lamarensis. Cardium subcongestum BOSE 1910, 8, 128, pl. XVI, figs. 6--13. Upper Fredericksburg (zone of Oxy. chihuahuense): La Encantada, Chihuahua (type locality). Cardium munozi BOSE 1910, 8, 131, pl. XXVIII, figs. 2, 4-6. Upper Fredericksburg (zone of Oxy. chihuahuense): La Encantada, Chihuahua (type locality). GRANOCARDIUM Granocardium budaenae SHATTUCK 1903, 86, 25, pl. XIII, figs. 2-4. Buda: Austin (Shoal Creek, Bouldin Creek); Buda (Onion Creek). PROTOCARDIA BEYR Radial ribs posteriorly, concentric ribs anteriorly. Protocardia atonei CRAGIN 1893, 21, p. 210. Small (20 mm.), triangular, inequilateral; anterior side short, with concentric ribs; posterior side produced, angulated, with about 22 radial ribs. Glen Rose: At Comanche Peak (Hood County). Protocardia (?) pendena CRAGIN 1893, 21, p. 210. Radial ornamentation in medial portion; anterior and posterior portions unknown. Glen Rose: Burnet County (Hickory Creek). PROTOCARDIA HILLANA (SOWERBY). ROEMER 1852, 78, 49, pl. VI, fig. 12. BoSE 1910, 8, 129, pl. 27, figs. 4, 5; pl. XXVIII, figs. 1, 3. Cast with subequal concentric ribs on the ventral one-third, and a few fainter radial ribs posteriorly. P. texana Conrad differs in having concentric ribs also in the umbonal region; and in being more nearly equilateral. Fredericksburg: Fredericksburg, and San Saba Valley. Subd. 3-6; El Paso section. Protocardia texana (CONRAD) 1857, 18, 150, pl. VI, figs. 6 a-c. SHATTUCK 1903, 86, 25, pl. XIII, figs. 5-7---------------------------­ ·····-··--·····--·-··----·-··-·------------·--Plate II, figure 5; plate XVI, figure 2 Inequivalve, sub-equilateral, postero-dorsal margin straight, other margins forming arc of a circle; prominent elevated round topped fairly fine concentric ribs, and posteriorly several fine straight radial ribs. Fredericksburg (?): Between El Paso and Frontera (type lo­cality) ; abundant and widespread in Central Texas. Washita: Widespread in Central Texas. Protocardia coloradoensis (SHUMARD) 1860, 89, 599 (Cardium). Triangular cast, apical angle 75°-80°; length and height about equal, inflated in umbonal region; anteriorly rounded, posteriorly truncated, postero-dorsal margin straight. Fine concentric striae anteriorly; radial striae posteriorly. Fredericksburg (with Exogyra texana and Engonoceras pierde­nale): Burnet, Travis, Bosque, Johnson, and McLennan counties. Protocardia brazoensis (SHUMARD) 1860, 89, 600 (Cardium). Cordate, subovate, very gibbous; length and height nearly equal; fine, equal, concentric striae, and posteriorly 18-25 radial striae. Fredericksburg: Comanche Peak (Somervell County); Patrick's Creek (Parker County). Protocardia 6.losa CONRAD 1857, 18, 150, pl. VI, figs. 7 a-b. Triangular elevated, central margin broadly rounded; a radial carina in posterior part; numerous, fine concentric ribs with narrow interspaces anteriorly; posteriorly with several fine, closely-spaced radial ribs. Washita: Leon Springs (type locality); Kiamichi, 5 mile well, near Fort Stockton. Fredericksburg: Fort Worth. Walnut: Austin (Bull Creek road). Protocardia subspinigera C'RAGIN 1893, 21, p. 210. Like P. hillana, but more elongated; medium-sized, rounded, con­centric costae; about 18 radial, spinose costae. Denton: Cooke County, Brown's Ferry (type locality). Protocardia multistriata SHUMARD 1854, 87, 181, pl. IV, fig. 2. C'ON­RAD 1857, 18, 149, pl. VI, figs. 4 a-c. ADKINS 1920, 1, 126, pl. x, figs. 21-26, 32. Fine, subequal, closely spaced, concentric ribs; about 14 radial ribs. Lower Cretaceous: Camp No. 4, Cross Tim.hers, Texas (type locality). Weno: Gainesville. Pawpaw: Tarrant County. Protocardia vaughani SHATTUCK 1903, 86, 26, pl. XIV, figs. 1-3. Triangular-rounded in outline, equivalve, subequilateral, inflated. Shell and cast with many minute concentric striae, and numerous fine radial riblets, which are flattened, round-topped, and with narrow interspaces. Buda?: Locality unknown. PROTOCARDIA GRANULIFERA GABB 1869. Lower Cretaceous: Sierra de las Conchas, Arivechi, Sonora. Protocardia pedernalis (ROEMER) 1849, 77, 406; ROEMER 1852, 78, 49 (as Cardium sp.). Casts with radial and concentric striae. Frederickburg: Fredericksburg (type locality). Protocardia transversalis (ROEMER) 1849, 77, 406. ROEMER 1852, 78, 50 (as Cardium sp.). Casts with radial and concentric striae. Frederickburg: Fredericksburg (type locality). Handbook of Texas Cretaceous Fossils 161 Protocardia securiformis (CRAGIN) 1893, 21, 214, pl. XLVI, fig. 6 (Trigonia). CRAGIN 1895, 23, p. 57, footnote (Trigonia). CRAGIN 1894, 22, 7, pl. I, figs. 14-15 (Roudairia quadrans). Form compressed, tall, subtriangular, with high, narrow beaks. Ornamented over most of shell with numerous, rather coarse, rounded, raised, subequal concentric lines and posteriorly with 10-12 fine radial lines. Comanche Peale Big Springs (type locality). Superfamily JSOCARDIACEA ISOCARDllDAE Gray ISOCARDIA LAMARCK lsocardia washita MAROOU 1858, 68, 37, pl. III, figs. 2-2 a-2 b. "Shell orbicular, slightly triangular, length and breadth nearly equal, entirely smooth, subequilateral, gibbous, umbones very de­pressed, narrow and curved forwards. The cast which I describe is destitute of muscular and pallial impressions." Duck Creek?: Grayson County, "borders of Red River near Pres­ ton, Texas," (type locality; holotype BM. 12669, British Museum Natural History, South Kensington; plaster replica in Bureau of Eco­ nomic Geology, Austin). lsocardia humilis CR.A.GIN 1893, 21, p. 193. "Shell of medium size (35 mm.), rather ventricose, ovate­ triangular, somewhat oblique; beaks unusually small and low for the genus, directed inward and slightly forward, rather closely approxi­ mated, placed nearer to the middle than to the anterior extremity; margins entire; shell apparently marked only with concentric growth­ lines." Eagle Ford: Grayson County, Rattlesnake Creek, three-fourths mile below the Bonham-Sherman road. lsocardia medialis (CONRAD) 1857, 18, 149, pl. IV, figs. 4 a-b (Car­ dium). CRAGIN 1893, 21, 178 (Cyprina). GILLET 1924, 47, 233 (Anisocardia). SHATI'UCK 1903, 86, 27, pl. XIV, figs. 4-5 (lso­ cardia). HILL 1893, SS, 31, pl. II, figs. 4-5; pl. III, fig. 6 (lso­ cardia). Large species (60 mm. long); margins near beak nearly rectangu­ lar, otherwise outline subcircular; form medium to large subglobose; umbos prominent, produced, curved downward and forward; cast smooth, shell thick, decorated with fine concentric striae. Type locality not stated. Glen Rose: Widespread in Texas and Arkansas. Goodland: North-Central Texas. Buda: Travis and Hays counties. SHATI'UCK reports it from the Comanche Peak limestone. CYPRINIDAE Lamarck CYPRICARDIA LAMARCK Inequivalve, elongate, trapezoidal, with concentric sculpture; a postero-dorsal keel; three divergent cardinals, the hindmost fre­quently bifid, and a strong posterior lateral. Cypricardia texana ROEMER 1852, 78, 50, pl. VI, figs. 6 a-c. Small, elongated shell with prominent, posterior, median keel and prominent oblique carina running from beak to postero-ventral angle. Beaks anterior but not terminal. Weak concentric sculpture. Fredericksburg: Fredericksburg (type locality). Comanche Peak: Four miles southeast of Leander. Superfamily VENERACEA VENERIDAE Lamarck CYPRIMERIA CONRAD Oval to subcircular shells, variably compressed, generally smooth; pallial sinus shallow; posterior lateral present; right valve with two cardinals, the hinder one bifid. Cyprimeria texana (ROEMER) 1852, 78, 46, pl. VI, figs. 8 a-b ( Arcopagia). CRAGIN 1893, 21, p. 177__________Plate XVIII, figure 3 Subcircular casts, maximum length 55 mm., height 53 mm., thick­ness 14 mm. (Cragin). Pallial line entire, no sinus. Length, height, and thickness have ratio of 1:.96:.26 (casts). Fredericksburg: Fredericksburg (type locality); Gillespie, Stone­wall, Lampasas, Williamson, Callahan, Grayson, Cooke, Denton, Tarrant, Johnson, McLennan, Bell, Travis counties; northern Trans­Pecos Texas. Widespread and common. Cyprimeria crassa MEEK. CRAGIN 1893, 21, 176. Length about 78 mm.; thicker and larger than C. teri;ana; length, height, and thickness have ratio 1:.86: .30 (casts). Eagle Ford: Denison (Hill 1889, 52, p. 14). Fredericksburg: Williamson, Bosque, McLennan, Mills, Runnels, Erath, Callahan, and Stonewall counties (Cragin). Cyprimeria gigantea CRAGIN 1893, 21, 176__________Plat;e XVIII, figure 2 Large size (118 mm.), apparently inequivalve, beaks only slightly elevated; concentric markings on cast; length, height, and thickness have ratio 1:.92 :.33 ~casts). Grayson: One mile east of Roanoke (type locality) ; Denison; Burleson. Handbook of Texas Cretaceous Fossils 163 Cyprimeria (?) e:ii:cavata MORTON. CRAGIN 1893, 21, p. 176. Eagle Ford, top (horizon of Schloenbachia graysonensis and Ostrea bellaplicata). CYPRIMERIA KIOWANA CRAGIN, in: TWENHOFEL 1924, 99, 67, pl. X, fig. 1; pl. XIII, fig. 13. Thicker than C. texana and about one and one-half times as large; larger and more convex than C. crassa.. Kiowa: Southern Kansas. Cyprimeria waahitaensis ADKINS 1920, 1, 134, pl. IX, figs. 1-6______ -----------------------·-·--·-----------------·--------·-------Plate XIX, figure 3 Ovate, slightly elongate, beaks not very prominent; length, height, and thickness have ratio 1 :.89 :.29 (shells). Casts are not described, hence comparison with C. texana is difficult; the two species appear to differ in their internal characters, pallial line and muscle scars. Weno: One mile north of Union Station, Denison (type locality); Gainesville brickyard. Cyprimeria depreasa (CONRAD) 1860. STEPHENSON 1923, 96, 307, pl. 74, figs. 6-13 (synonymy). Small shell, subovate, proportions of length to height variable, depressed convex, both valves bent markedly to the left posteriorly. Beaks very small, scarcely projecting, slightly prosogyrate, position variable but generally situated about two-fifths the length of shell from anterior end. Umbonal ridge lacking. Length 34 mm., height 28 mm. Hinge as usual in the genus; surface with fine growth lines, and basally in some shells with coarse concentric lines. San Miguel: Kinney, Maverick counties (96, p. 310). Cyprimeria sp. cf. alta CONRAD. WADE 1926, 103, 91, pl. XXIX, figs. 2-4; pl. xxx, fig. 1. Pallial sinus angularly incised; length, height, and thickness have ratio of 1 :.88 :.36 (shells). Eagle Pa.. beds: At San Carlos. APHRODINA CONRAD 1869 Aphrodina tippana (CONRAD). STEPHENSON 1923, 96, 314, pl. LXXIX, figs. 1-6. Subelliptical, longer than tall, moderately convex. Beaks promi­nent, incurved, approximate, prosogyrate, situated about three-tenths the length of shell from anterior end. Postero-dorsal margin broadly arched, antero-dorsal margin deeply excavated. Pallial sinus prominent. Length 52 mm., height 38 mm., thickness 27 mm. Navarro (Ex. costata zone): Near Kaufman (U. E. N. M. C"at. No. 20976). VENUS LINNABlIS Venus malonensis CRAGIN 1893. See Astarte malonensis. Venus (?) subla.mellosus SHUMARD 1860, 89, 598-599. Small, compressed ovate species, a little longer than wide; beaks subcentral, incurved, approximate; pallial sinus large; surface with prominent, sharp, sublamellose, concentric striae; hinge unknown (may be Cytherea). Eagle Ford, septaria (with Scaphites vermiculus): Five miles north of Sherman. MERETRIX LAMARCK (Cytherea) Differs from Venus in possessing lateral teeth. Meretrix leonensis (CONRAD) 1857, 18, 153, pl. VI, fig. 1 (Cytherea). WHITNEY 1911, 111, 18, pl. VII, fig. 4 (Meretrix leonensis?). "Oblong-subovate, ventricose, very inequilateral; posterior margin, from beak to extremity, slightly sinuous; extremity truncated or ob­tusely rounded, direct." Lower Washita: Leon Springs (type locality). Buda (?): Austin (Shoal Creek, Barton Creek, Bouldin Creek). Meretrix texanus (CONRAD) 1857, 18, 153, pl. VI, fig. 2 (Cytherea). "Obliquely ovate, ventricose, very inequilateral, with prominent lines of growth; umbo large, umbonal slope subangulated; buccal margin obtusely rounded; base profoundly rounded, dorsal margin straight, very oblique.'' This species appears to be more massive than M. leonensis and to have the ventral margin more oval, less quadrate, with the two extremities less pointed. Type locality: Between El Paso and Frontera. MERETRIX BURKART! (BosE) 1910, 8, 132, pl. XXVIII, figs. 7-12 (Cytherea). Shell small, rather thick, tall oval, subequivalve, inequilateral beaks prominent, almost touching; surface smooth. Upper Fredericksburg (zone of Oxy. chihuahuense): Hacienda de Canas, Chihuahua (type locality). Meretrix lamarensis (SHUMARD) 1860, 89, 600 (Cytherea). WHITE 1883, 106, appendix, p. 39, pl. XVIII, figs. 4 a-b (Cytherea). Shell small, elliptical, with tall, prominent, approximate, proso­gyrate beaks; anterior end sharply rounded, posterior end broadly rounded, basal margin a broad curve; postero-dorsal margin arcuate, antero-dorsal margin excavated. Fine growth lines and, at intervals, Handbook of Texas Cretaceous Fossils 165 a few coarser growth rings. Shell inflated, equivalve. Length, height, and thickness are 24, 18.5, and 11 mm. (1:.76 :.46). Eagle Ford, septaria: Lamar County, on Red River (type lo­cality). TAPES lbGBBLB Oval, elongate, with concentric ridges; divergent or bitid cardinals, no laterals; deep pallial sinus. Margin posterior to beak a gentle curve, anterior to beak rather sharply incised. Tapea aaatinenaia WHITNEY 1911, 111, 19, pl. VII, figs. 8-9. Small, ovate, broader posteriorly, with tine unequal, concentric growth lines; right valve with two bitid, divergent cardinals, no lat­erals (?). Buda: Austin (Shoal Creek). Tapea hilgardi SHUMARD 1860, 89, 601. WHITE 1883, 106, 22, pl. XVI, fig. 3 a. Ovate, elongate, rather compressed, posterior and less tall; surface with coarse, concentric ridges; pallial sinus linguaeform; dentition not described. Cretaceous (Fredericksburg) : Bell County (White). Eagle Ford: Lamar and Fannin counties, septaria in Red River bluffs (type locality). TAPES GABBI BosE 1910, 8, 134, pl. XXVIII, figs. 16-17; pl. XXIX, fig. 10. GABB 1869, Pal. Calif. II, 265, pl. XXXVI, fig. 13 (as T. hilgardi). Large ovate species, notch in margin anterior to beak is faint. About 1.4 times as long as tall. Umbos more anterior than in T. guadalupae. Vraconnian: Cerro de las Conchas, Arivechi, Sonora (type lo­cality). TAPES WHITE! BosE 1910, 8, 133, pl. XXVIII, figs. 13-15. WHITE 1883, 106, pl. XVI, figs. 3 b-c (not 3 a). Subovate species, about 1.37 times as long as tall, anterior mar­ginal notch shallow; anterior end narrowed and rather pointed, pos­terior end broadly rounded. Differs from T. hil,ga,rdi SHUMARD in the position of the umbos and in the outline. Fredericksburg (with Oxytropiiloceras chikuahuense): La Encan­tada, Chihuahua (type locality). TAPES ALDAMENSIS BoSE 1910, 8, 134, pl. XXXVIII, figs. 23-24. Relatively tall, subovate species, about 1.36 times as long as tall; anterior marginal notch prominent. Differs from T. gabbi in shape of anterior marginal notch, and in having shell less produced anterior to the beak. Differs from T. whitei in the position of the umbos, and in its less oval outline. Fredericksburg (with Oxytropidoceras chihuahuense): La Encan­tada, Chihuahua (type locality). TAPES GUADALUPAE BosE 1910, 8, 135, pl. XXVIII, fig. 25; pl. XXIX, fig. 11. Fairly elongate species, about 1.45 times as long as tall; marginal notch anterior to beak is prominent; posterior end rather truncated. Fredericksburg: (with Oxytropidoceras chihuahuense): La Encan­ tada, Chihuahua (type locality). TAPES CHIHUAHUENSIS BOSE 1910, 8, 135, pl. XXVIII, figs. 18-22. Rather elongate oval, about 1.75 times as long as tall; antero­dorsal margin prominently and broadly excavated. Fredericksburg (with Oxytropidoceras chihuahuense): La Encan­tada, Chihuahua (type locality). Superfamily TELLINACEA TELLINIDAE (Lamarck) Stoliczka TELLINA LINNAEUS Pallial sinus deep and wide. Each valve with two cardinal teeth (one is sometimes nearly obsolete), lateral teeth variable or obsoles­cent. Genotype: Tellina radiatus LINNAEUS. C'retaceous-Recent. Tellina subaequalis CRAGIN 1895, 23, p. 60. Indeterminate cast; no facts about dentition stated. Pawpaw: Pawpaw Creek, Denison (type locality). LINEARIA CONRAD 1860 Pallial sinus mostly narrow, rounded at end. Each valve with two cardinal teeth, slightly diverging, directed forwards and downwards. Lateral teeth long. Genotype.: L. metastriata CONRAD. Cretaceous. Linearia (?) irradians (ROEMER) 1852, 78, 45, pl. VI, figs. 9 a-b (Solen). HILL 1889, 52, p. 15. Thin, subrectangular, elongate species with prominent, concentric growth lines and radial striae; dentition unknown. Fredericksburg: Fredericksburg (type locality). Linearia (?) cancellato-sculpta (ROEMER) 1852, 78, 46, pl. VI, figs. 10 a-b (Psammobia). HILL 1889, 52, p. 15. Thin, radially striated species, elongate ovate, shorter than L. ( ?) irradians. Dentition unknown. Austin chalk: Waterfall at New Braunfels (type locality). Handbook of Texas Cretaceous Fossils 167 Lin-ria (?) texana (CONRAD) 1857, 18, 164, pl. XXI, fig. 6 (Capsa). Washita: Leon Springs, Pecos County (type locality). SOLENIDAE LEPTOSOLEN CoNRAD Leptosolen biplicatus CONRAD. STEPHENSON 1923, 96, 332, pl. LXXXV, figs. 10-13. WADE 1926, 103, 94, pl. XXXI, figs. 4, 7. Subcylindrical in cross-section, elongate-rectangular in outline, with two oblique crests running :from umbo. Navarro (Exogyra costata zone): Near Kaufman (U-S.N.M. Cat. No. 20971); Simpson's Hill, public road, 2 miles southeast of Kauf­man (7546) ; field on Simpson's place, 2 miles southwest of Kaufman (7547); near C'orsicana (U.S.N.M. Cat. No. 20931). Escondido: Gulley on east-facing slope of Medina River Valley, 1 mile south of Castroville, Medina County (7667). Leptosolen conradi MEEK. TWENHOFEL 1924, 99, 73, pl. XIV, figs. 2-4. Kansas. Leptosolen otterensis CRAGIN. Tw.ENHOFEL 1924, 99, 73, pl. XIX, fig. 9. Kansas. Superfamily MACTRACEA MACTRIDAE Gray MACTRA LINNAEUS Mactra texana CONRAD 1856, 17, p. 269. Indeterminate cast; o:f Tertiary age if locality is correctly given. Locality: Prairie between Laredo and Rio Grande City. Mactra antiqua CRAGIN 1894, 22, p. 9. TWENHOFEL 1924, 99, p. 75. Kiowa: Champion Draw, near Belvidere, Kansas. Mactra siou:x:ensis MEEK AND HAYDEN. TWENHOFEL 1924, 99, 75, pl. XVII, figs. 5-7. "Dakota": Two miles above mouth of Big Sioux River. Mactra siousensis smolanensis TWENHOFEL 1924, 99, 75, pl. VIII, fig. 10. Mentor beds: Five miles west of Smolan, Kansas. CYMBOPHORA GABB Differs :from Mactra "in having its cartilage-cavity spoon-shaped, with its prominent margins raised above the hinge plate, and the A-shaped cardinal tooth of the left valve more distinct :from the margin of the cartilage-cavity" (MEEK). See also STEPHENSON 1923, 96, 335-336. Genotype: M. ashburneri GABB (Cretaceous). Cymbophora sp. aff. trigonalis STEPHENSON 1923, 96, 336, pl. LXXXV, figs. 1-6 (especially page 3 3 7) . Navarro: Corsicana. San Miguel: "Rio Grande region." Cymbophora sp. STEPHENSON 1920, U. S. Geol. Surv., Prof. Paper 120-H, pp. 141, 143. Weno, Pawpaw: Denison. Cymbophora serpentinus BULLARD 1928, Univ. Texas Bull. 2710, p. 51 (nomen nudum). Superfamily MYACEA CORBULIDAE Fleming CORBULA LAMARCK Small, ovate, rostrate, very inequivalve, the right valve convex, larger, with a prominent tooth in front of the pit for the resilium, left valve with a flattened chondrophore, and usually a posterior tooth. Trias-Recent. Genotype: Corbula sulcata LAMARCK. Corbula sp. HILL 1889, 52, p. 16. Cretaceous: Gillespie County. Corbula crassicostata CRAGIN 1895, 24, p. 61. TWENHOFEL 1924, 99, 65, pl. XV, fig. 10. Shell very gibbous (length 7 mm., height 7.5 mm., thickness 7 mm.) . Outline triangular-ovate, dorsal margins nearly straight, subequal; basal margin nearly a semicircle. Beaks subcentral, a little anterior. Surface ornamentation consists of very coarse, flattish topped, concentric ribs separated by abrupt, deep, round-bottomed depression; in the basal part of the shell there is about one con­concentric rib per millimeter. Shell posteriorly gaping, with a short, conically inflated, gently truncated rostrum placed above the base of the shell. Denison beda: Denison. Kiowa shale, and Champion shell bed: Southern Kansas (type locality, Belvidere). Corbula we0 oensis ADKINS 1920, 1, pl. X, figs. 1-4. Small shell, elongate, inflated, with variably developed rostrum, mostly long. Antero-dorsal margin broadly arched, basal margin a long ellipse, rostrum narrow, located above base of shell. About 29 coarse concentric ribs basally, and some finer ones dorsally. Weno (upper): North of Union Station, Denison (type locality); brickyards, Gainesville; rare south of Red River. Corbula basiniformis ADKINS 1920, 1, 130, pl. IX, figs. 7-24; pl. X, figs. 7-9. Small shell, ovate triangular, anterior end and basal margin form a broad oval, posterior end cuneate, postero-dorsal margin almost straight, rostrum large, ending in an acute angle, situated some­what above base of shell. Beaks prominent, less rounded than in C. wenoensis. Ornamentation consists on both valves of fine radial striae, and numerous, variable, mainly coarser concentric ribs, which are finer than in C. wenoensis or C. littoralis. Weno: Cut of Frisco track, three-fourths mile north of Union Station, Denison (type locality); brickyard, Gainesville. Corbula littoralis ADKINS 1920, 1, 133, pl. X, fig. 5. Small shell, more elongate than the last two described, with a short rostrum a little less than one-half the height of shell and situated only slightly above base of shell; ornamented with about 12 coarse concentric ribs basally and a few finer ones dorsally. Length (holotype) 18 mm., height 11.5 (?) mm. Weno: Gainesville brickyard (type locality). Corbula graysonensis SHUMARD 1860, 89, p. 603. Shell compressed, broad triangular; right valve the larger, more gibbous than the left, which it overlaps at the margins; anterior side shorter than the posterior, strongly rounded; posterior margin nearly straight, sloping from beak to anal extremity, which is an­gulated; pallial margin gently arched; beaks small, very slightly ele­vated, approximate, situated nearest the anterior margin; surface marked with fine, distinct concentric striae of growth. The species is more compressed than any species known to me from American Cre­ taceous strata (SHUMARD). Length 13.5 mm., height 10 mm., thickness 6 mm. Eagle Ford (with Ostrea bellarugosa and Ostrea congoota): Sherman, Post Oak Creek (type locality). Corbula tuomeyi SHUMARD 1860, 89, p. 604. Shell small, inequivalve, ovate, subtrigonal; length greater than the height; valves convex, right more gibbous than the left; an­terior side strongly and regularly rounded; anal side suddenly con­tracted and prolonged posteriorly, the extremity abruptly truncated; beaks moderately elevated, situated in advance of the middle of the shell; surface ornamented with fine, regular, distinct, concentric striae, which are continued upon the prolonged portion, being paral­lel with its inferior and posterior margins (SHUMARD). Length 12.5 mm., height 8 mm., thickness of right valve 5 mm. Eagle Ford, septaria: Four and one-half miles north of Sherman (type locality). Corbula occidentalis CONRAD 1857, 18, 150, pl. VI, fig. 9. Small species (about 12 mm. long), elongate ovate, with tall beaks, form apparently inflated, posteriorly produced; 20 or more concen­tric ribs. "Eocene" [Cretaceous?]: West Texas (type locality). SAXICAVIDAE Gray PANOPE MlllNARD DE LA GaoYE (Po.nopeo.) Lower Cretaceous Species Panope inconatans CASTILLO AND AGUILERA 1895. CRAGIN 1905, 27, 82, pl. XVII, figs. 1-5; pl. XVIII, figs. 1-3 (Pleuromya). Basal Cretaceous?: Malone. Panope henselli (HILL) 1893, 55, 16, 31, pl. IV, figs. 1-2 (Pleuromya). GILLET 1924, 47, p. 233 (Panopea). Glen Rose: "Colorado River section." Panope texana SHUMARD 1854, 87, 181, pl. VI, fig. 1 (Panopea). Shell oval, elongate, inflated anteriorly, compressed behind, beaks moderately prominent, basal edge rounded, buccal extremity wide, rounded; surface marked with irregular, concentric, slightly elevated ribs. Cast. Length 62.5 mm., height 35 mm., thickness 27.5 mm. Lower Cretaceous: "Camp No. 4, Cross Timbers." PANOPE REGULARIS D'ORBIGNY. ROEMER 1849, 77, 407. ROEMER 1852, 78, 35. Fredericksburg?: Pedernales River. Panope newberryi SHUMARD 1860, 89, 605. Shell oblong subovate, one-fourth to one-third longer than high, umbonal region gibbous; beaks small, strongly incurved, considerably anterior to middle; surface with fine growth lines and concentric Wrinkles. Length 70 mm., width 45 mm., thickness 32 mm. Edwards ("Caprotina limestone") : Parker County; and at Co­manche Peak (type localities). Upper Cretaceous Species Panope aubparallela SHUMARD 1860, 89, 605. Shell subovate, length twice the width, anteriorly rounded, pos­teriorly truncate, gaping; beaks low, anterior to middle. Eagle Ford: Fannin County, near Red River (type locality). Panope subplicata SHUMARD 1862, 90, 199. Shell subovate, nearly subquadrate, beaks nearer anterior end; anterior end rounded, gaping; posterior end truncate, gaping. Sur­face marked with fine growth lines and wrinkles. Navarro, septaria: Chatfield Point (type locality). CASTROCHAENIDAE Gray FISTULANA Baua Fiatulana ruperti WHITNEY 1911, 111, 19, pl. VII, figs. 5-6. Shell elongate, suboval, broader anteriorly than posteriorly, sub­stance thin; beaks nearly terminal; anterior margin broadly rounded; dorsal and ventral margins convex and diverging from the posterior; beyond the middle, the ventral margin turns abruptly to meet the anterior; ventral side gaping for a considerable part of its length; surface smooth, marked by fine lines-of growth. Tube clavate and generally vertical in the rock. Buda: Austin, Shoal Creek (type locality). Superfamily ADESMACEA TEREDINIDAE Scacchi Shells equivalve, reduced; pallets variable (simple, spatuliform, and not articulated in Teredo); animal bores, mainly in wood; mantle secretes a calcareous lining to the burrow. TEREDO LINNAEUS Teredo sp. ROEMER 1849, 77, p. 408. ROEMER 1852, 78, p. 44. Eagle Ford: Ford of Guadalupe River, near New Braunfel!1. Teredo tibialis CONRAD (WHITFIELD). HILL 1889, 52, p. 16. Horizon and locality not stated: "Texas." Class GASTROPODA Sub-Class STREPTONEURA Order ASPIDOBRANCHIA PATELLIDAE Carpenter PATELLA LINNAEUS Patella sp. SHATTUCK 1903, 86, 30, pl. XIX, fig. 1. Small conical shell with central erect apex. Circular striae crossed by fine, concentric lines. Buda: Austin (Shoal Creek). PLEUROTOMARllDAE d'Orbigny PLEUROTOMARIA SOWERBY Shell conical or turbinate, with strongly recurved growth-lines; outer lip with slit and slit-band. Pleurotomaria austinenaia SHUMARD 1862, 90, 198. "Shell large, depressed conical, spire short, very rapidly expanding from apex; volutions five, convex; last one subangulated below, and very gently convex beneath; an obscure, rounded revolving ridge near the suture, and a narrow carina (band of sinus) a little above the middle, carina quite prominent on the anterior half of the volu­tion and becoming nearly obsolete before reaching the spiral turns; umbilicus deep, exhibiting the inner volutions, broad, nearly as wide as the diameter of the last volution at aperture; suture distinct. "The only example we have found of this species is a cast, which on the anterior portion of the last volution exhibits traces of fine revolving striae. "Diameter of base 2.5 inches; spiral angle 102°. Austin lime­stone near city of Austin." Georgetown limestone: Austin (type locality); North-Central Texas, widely distributed; northern Trans-Pecos Texas. It is most abundant at the Duck Creek-Fort Worth level. Pleurotomaria macilenta CRAGIN 1893, 21, p. 228. Apical angle 100° or more; whorls rather rounded and only faintly angulated; outer portion of volution with revolving lines. "Fort Worth limestone" [Georgetown]: Travis, Williamson, Bell, and Gillespie counties. Pleurotomaria robusta CRAGIN 1893, 21, p. 228. Apical angle 90° or less; peripheral and superior angulations dis­tinct; outer portion of volution with revolving lines, lower portion with revolving and radial lines. "Fort Worth limestone": Two miles south of Bosqueville; 2 miles east of Georgetown. Pleurotomaria stan"t:oni SHA'ITUCK 1903, 86, 30, pl. XX. Tall conical species; volution with about seven revolving, cord­like lines, and short, transverse ribs; ornamentation more rugged and ornate than in P. austinensis. Buda: Travis County (Shoal Creek, Barton Creek) ; near Buda (Onion Creek). Pleurotomaria sp. ROEMER 1852, 78, p. 39. Georgetown: Waco Camp, on the Guadalupe River, above New Braunfels. TURBINIDAE Adams TURBO LINNAEUS Turbinate to conical shells, with nearly circular aperture; thick, calcareous operculum. TURBO CHIHUAHUENSIS BosE 1910, 8, 139, pl. XXX, figs. 2-4. Volutions squarish in section, with three prominent, revolving ridges. Upper Fredericksburg (zone of Oxy. chihuahuense): La Encan­tada, near Placer de Guadalupe, Chihuahua. Turbo sp. ADKINS 1920, 1, p. 49. Weno: Near Fort Worth. PHASIANELLIDAE Phasianella perovata SHUMARD 1860, 89, 597. Glen Rose: At Comanche Peak; Parker County (type localities). TROCHONEMATIDAE Zittel AMBERLEYA MORRIS AND LYCETT Amberleya graysonensis ADKINS 1920, 1, 137, pl. VI, fig. 5. Shell conical, turreted, apical angle about 63°; three or more volutions, last volution about two and one-half times the height of spire; volutions projecting, truncated, with anterior and posterior slope, and three equally spaced, beaded, revolving carinae. No umbilicus. Aperture apparently subquadrate, inner lip slightly cal­lous, outer lip reflected (?). Basal Weno: Two and one-half miles north of Denison, near Frisco track (type locality). TROCHIDAE Adams TROCHUS LINNAEUS Trochus texanus ROEMER 1888, 80, 15, pl. I, fig. 13. HILL 1893, 56, p. 102. C'RAGIN 1894, 22, p. 11. Conical species with straight sides, each volution with 5 rows of fiat granules; lower margin of outer lip with a tooth. Edwards: Austin, Barton Creek (type locality); Deep Eddy Bluff of Colorado River. Trochua laticonicus ADKINS 1920, 1, 138, pl. X, figs. 30-31. About 10 revolving lines on side of volution above the keel. Weno: Gainesville, brickyards (type locality). Trochua sp. SHATTUCK 1903, 86, 31, pl. XIX, figs. 2-3. Differs from T. laticonicus in having a larger apical angle and straighter non-angulated sides. Buda: Austin (Shoal Creek). UMBONIIDAE Adams HELICOCRYPTUS D'0RBIGNY Small, smooth, planospiral shells; aperture oblique oval, inner lip calloused, outer lip simple. Heliococryptus mexicanua BOSE 1910, 8, 140, pl. XLVI, figs. 1-5, 9-12; pl. XLVII, fig. 1. ApKINS 1920, 1, 139______Plate XXI, figure 7 Smooth, planospiral shell; short ovate aperture. Weno-Pawpaw (subd. 6): El Paso section; Pawpaw, in Tarran1 County. NERITIDAE Lamarck NERITINA LAMARCK Neritina apparata CRAGIN 1893, 21, 227, pl. XLVI, fig. 14. Low spire, body whorl large, ornamented with 13 or more radial ribs each composed of about three elongated nodes, the middle node being more faint. Edwards: Big Springs (type locality). Neritina sp. HILL 1893, 55, p. 37. Basal Glen Rose: Hood and Parker counties. Neritina sp. BosE 1910, 8, 141, pl. XXX, figs. 5-6. Fredericksburg (Exogyra texana zone): Cerro de Muleros, near El Paso. Neritina sp. ADKINS 1920, 1, 139, pl. X, fig. 27. Weno: Gainesville. Order CTENOBRANCHIATA EPITONIDAE Pilsbry EPITONUM BOLTEN (Scalaria) Epitonum texanum (ROEMER) 1852, 78, 39-40, pl. IV, figs. 11 a-b (Scalaria). Austin chalk?: Waterfall of Guadalupe River, below New Braun­fels. See: Ancbura. Epitonum forsbeyi (SHUMARD) 1862, 90, 195-196 (Scalaria). Shell medium-sized (26 mm. long), spire elevated, about 7 volu­tions, strongly rounded, suture deeply impressed; aperture ovate, oblique; umbilicus filled with callus; surface with sharp longitudinal ribs and fine lines crossed by revolving raised line, producing a finely cancellated appearance. Navarro: Chatfield. Epitonum ? lamarensis (SHUMARD) 1862, 90, p. 197 (Scala). Eagle FoJ:d?: Lamar County, bluffs of Red River. Epitonum ? bicarinifera (SHUMARD) 1862, 90, p. 197-198 (Scala). Eagle Ford: Lamar County, bluffs of Red River. Scalaria sp. ROEMER 1849, 77, p. 413. Austin?: Waterfall, New Braunfels. Scalaria sp. HILL 1889, 52, p. 17. Cretaceous?: North of Webberville. SOLARIIDAE Chenu SOLARIUM LAMARCK (Arckitectcmica) Solarium (?) planorbis ROEMER 1888, 80, 15, pl. I, figs. 1 a-c. Small, smooth, planospiral shell. It is not an Architectonica, and except for the taller aperture is somewhat similar to H elicocryptus m,exicanus Bose. Edwards: Austin, Barton Creek (type locality). NATICIDAE Forbes The distinctness of Cretaceous genera in this family is highly ques­tionable, but the following key expresses arbitrarily a few distinctions which are most generally cited in the literature. No umbilicus: Spire low, volutions rounded-------·-······--·-······················Ampullina Spire high Volutions angular; no varices·--·----··-·······················Amauropaia Volutions rounded; varices present......·--··········--······Tyloatoma Umbilicus present (said to be variable in Natica s. s.): Spire medium, volutions with angular margins.............-.Gyrodea Spire low; volutions rounded Umbilicus contains callus or spiral swelling ···········--···Natica Umbilicus open...----------·······--·-···-·-····-···-····-----------Lunatia NATICA ADAMS Shell subspherical, smooth, often umbilicate, with callus or spiral thickening in umbilicus; spire very low; volutions rounded; aperture crescentic, nearly equally rounded at both ends; operculum horny with calcareous outer layer. Natica (?) pedernalia ROEMER 1852, 78, 43, pl. IV, figs. 1 a-b. BosE 1910, 8, 142, pl. xxx, fig. 9. Large species with large body whorl; spire small, low (less than one-fourth the height of body whorl); volutions with angular margin; no umbilicus. It is not a Natica; it has some features of Amauropsis or of Ampullina. Glen Rose: Fredericksburg, and Pedernales River (type local­ities). Natica (?) cossatotensis HILL 1888, 51, 130, pl. Ill, figs. 4-5. HILL 1893, 55, p. 32 (as Viviparus [Nautica?]). Trinity division: Sevier County, Arkansas (type locality). Natica (?) striaticostata CRAGIN 1893, 21, p. 225. Indeterminate, from the description. Eagle Ford septaria: Four miles east of Whitesboro (type lo­ cality). Natica sp. ROEMER 1852, 78, p. 44. Indeterminate casts. Fredericksburg: Fredericksburg. Natica (?) texana CONRAD 1857, 18, 157, pl. XIII, figs. 1 a-b. Body chamber relatively large and rounded; spire medium, it!' volutions with rather angular margin. Umbilicus apparently present but shallow (pseudoumhilicate?), no varices. Generic assignments uncertain; it has some features of Lunatia. Type locality: Between Rio San Pedro and Rio Puercos. Natica acutiiipira SHUMARD 1860, 89, 597. Shell obliquely ovate, length greater than the width; spire not much elevated, contracted above and acutely pointed at apex; spiral angle 84°; volutions 6 or 7, neatly rounded, last one very ventricose, forming rather more than two-thirds the total length of the shell; aperture ovate rounded below, narrow above; columellar lip thickened, deflected and partially covering the umbilicus; suture distinctly im­pressed; surface smooth, or marked with fine lines of growth. Length 16.5 mm., width 13.3 mm., height of body volution 11 mm. Glen Rose: Parker County (type locality.). LUNATIA GRAY Rather like N atica: shell subspherical, smooth, thin, spire low; umbilicus wide or narrow, without callous filling; aperture oval­crescentic, occasionally somewhat oblique, inner lip thickened above. Lunatia (?) pedernalis HILL (not ROEMER) 1893, 55, 33, pl. VI, fig. 2. Lower Glen Rose: Abundant in Central Texas. Type locality: Travis County. AMPULUNA LAMARCK Shell subspherical, low spire, no umbilicus. Volutions rounded, inner lip thin and reflected, outer lip simple; somewhat like Lunatia but non-umbilicate. Ampullina humilis (CRAGIN) 1893, 21, 224, pl. XLVI, fig. 2 (NatA,ca). Shell non-umbilicate; low spire; rounded volutions; aperture ovate, narrowed anteriorly, rounded posteriorly. Lower Woodbine: Timber Creek, southwest of Lewisville. Ampulli-(?) collina (CONRAD) 1857, 18, 157, pl. XIII, figs. 2 a-b. BoSE 1910, 8, 143, pl. XXX, figs. 7-8. Conrad's figure shows the species to be non-umbilicate and low­ spired; there are apparently no varices. Horizon: Not stated. Type locality: Between Rio San Pedro [Devil's River?] and Rio Puercos [Pecos]. Cerro de Muleros, subd. 5 (Fort Worth­ Denton). Ampullina (?) planata (ROEMER) 1852, 78, 42, pl. IV, figs. 6 a-b (Globiconcha). Georgetown: Waco Camp, 10 miles west of New Braunfels (type locality). TYLOSTOMA SHARPB Sharpe 1849: On Tylostoma, a proposed genus of gasteropodous Mollusks. Proc. Geol. Soc. London, 376--380, pl. IX. Genotype: T. torrubiae SHARPE (Cretaceous, England). Shell ovate or globose, thick, smooth, with varices (remains of former outer lips); spire rather elevated (one-half to three-fourths of height of body chamber); volutions rather rounded, without angular margins; aperture ovate-lunate, anteriorly acute-angled, posteriorly rounded; outer lip with thickened margin, inner lip calloused. Tylostoma tumidum SHUMARD 1854, 87, 182, pl. V, fig. 3. Casts, ovate-globose; pyramidal spire; volutions a:bout 6, whorls moderately convex; width of body whorl about one-half the total length of shell. Cretaceous: Cross-Timbers, Texas. Tylostoma elevatum SHUMARD 1854, 87, 182, pl. IV, fig. 4 (Globi­concha). TW,ENHOFEL 1924, 99, 39, pl. XIV, fig. 5; pl. XXII, fig. 3. Shell ovate, spire produced; whorls 6, regularly convex; body whorl shorter than spire. Cretaceous: Cross-Timbers, Texas; Kiowa and Champion shell beds of Kansas. Tylostoma (?) mutabile GABB 1869. CRAGIN 1893, 21, 232. Walnut: Two and one-half miles east of Benbrook. Fredericksburg: Arivechi, Sonora (type locality). Tylostoma chihuahuense BOSE 1910, 8, 144, pl. XXX, fig. 13; pl. XXXI figs. 1-2. Casts ovate, globose; body chamber inflated, spire high, nearly equal to body chamber, sutures impressed. Varices at intervals of one-half volution. No umbilicus. Aperture wide, narrowed pos­ teriorly. Fredericksburg: El Paso, Cerro de Muleros, subd. 1-2, zone of Exogyra texana (type locality). TYLOSTOMA aff. TORRUBIAE SHARPE. BOSE 1910, 8, 143, pl. XXX, figs. 11-12. Fredericksburg (zone of Oxy. chihuahuense): La Encantada, Chihuahua. Tyloatoma (?) praegrande ROEMER 1849, 77, 410; ROEMER 1852, 78, 44 (Natica). Large, spherical, spire about one-half height of living chamber, volutions rounded; umbilicus unknown; has mainly features of Tylostoma. Glen Rose: Upper Pedernales River. Tyloatoma hilli WHITNEY 1911, 111, 20, pl. VIII, figs. 1-2; pl. IX. Shell large (height 100 mm.), subglobose, somewhat compressed, 51h whorls, spire half the height of body chamber; varices well developed and strong on spire of adult; aperture elongate; lip un­known. Buda: Austin, Shoal Creek, Barton Creek (type localities). Tyloatoma harrisi WHITNEY 1911, 111, 20, pl. X, figs. 12-14. Shell medium (39 mm. tall), 5 whorls, spire elevated, about one­fourth or more the height of body whorls, suture canaliculate; outer lip thin, slightly reflected; inner lip callous, narrow; aperture elon­gate, broadly rounded anteriorly, acute posteriorly; varices present on casts and on some shells. Buda: Austin, Shoal Creek, Barton Creek (type localities). AMAUROPSJS MORCH. Shell high oval, spire medium (less than one-third the height of body chamber); volutions tall with angular margins; aperture oval, narrowed anteriorly, rounded posteriorly; inner lip broad, calloused, outer lip thin. Amauropsis avellana ROEMER 1888, 80, 14, pl. I, fig. 15. Non-umbilicate or practically so; small, smooth, subglobular shell; medium spire with angular volutions; variees not recorded; aperture narrowed anteriorly; inner lip calloused. The outer lip is somewhat reflected as in Tylostoma; otherwise the species resembles Amaurop­sis. Edwards: Austin, Barton Creek (type locality). Amauropsis pecosensis n. sp ................... -............ Plate II, figures 8-9 Shell large, tall, elongate ovate, non-umbilicate, with 5 or more whorls, rapidly increasing in size and height, the earlier ones more generally convex, the later ones sharply shouldered, with sides slightly concave in upper portion, inflated and convex basally; spire only moderately elevated, apical angle about 90°, sutures deeply impressed. Apertures roughly elongate-ovate, posteriorly narrowed and rather rectangular, narrowed at inner edge by indentation of suture, anteriorly broadly rounded; outer lip not preserved, pos­sibly sharp; inner lip curved, thin, slightly reflected. Surface orna­mentation not visible in casts at hand. The large size, turreted profile, and the striking angularity of the shoulders, distinguish this species from others in the Texan Cretaceous. A (holotype) B c D Length ------­118 mm. 83+ 101+ 101 Breadth --­------­ 96 82 85 71 Height of aperture_____ 96 69 72 79 Breadth of aperture_____ 46 35 46 30 ? Upper Fredericksburg clay (Goodland equivalent): Pecos County, University Mesa, 12 miles northeast of Fort Stockton (sec. 33, blk. 24, University lands, loc. 2326). The level is about 20 feet below the base of the Kiamichi clay. Four individuals. Holotype in Bu­reau of Economic Geology. GYRODES CONRAD 1861). Shell subspherical, thin, spire low, margin of volutions angular. Umbilicus wide, basal; inner lip simple. Last volution prominent, extended. Gyrodes supraplicata (CONRAD) 1858. STEPHENSON 1923, 96, 357, pl. LXXXIX, figs. 1-6. Shell depressed conical, oblique, with 4 or 5 rapidly expanding whorls. Suture narrow, moderately impressed, paralleled in front by a concave tabulated area which is coarsely crenulated or plicated on the outer edge, the plications grading into coarse lines of growth on the body whorl of adults. Umbilicus wide, the perforation ex­tending to the apex, with a thick, coarsely crenulated carina on the margin; on the wall of the whorl from the margin, is a distinct spiral ridge; the band between this ridge and the margin is concave. Aper­ture subovate, elongate, truncated posteriorly by the tabulation, and acutely angled anteriorly. Inner lip thin and forming a thin callous on the body whorl between the end of the suture and the umbilicus; outer lip thin and simple. Outer surface and surface of the perfora­tion marked by distinct incremental lines which become stronger toward the aperture (STEPHENSON, 96, 358). Navarro (Exogyra costata zone): Near Corsicana, a variety (U.S.N.M. Cat. No. 20992). Gyrodes sp. Duck Creek: Near Fort Worth (casts). TURRITELLA LAMARCK Shell turreted, with very high, acuminate spire; whorls numerous, mostly spirally ribbed; aperture oval or rounded quadrilateral; outer lip thin, excavated behind, and slightly produced in front. The sub­genus Mesalia GRAY has twisted inner lip and aperture with shallow canal (Tertiary). Range: Triassic to Recent. Turritella austinensis ELLISOR 1918, 16, pl. IV, figs. 3-4. Georgetown: Austin, Shoal Creek (type locality). Turritella bartonensis ELLISOR 1918, 16, 9, pl. II, figs. 1-3. Upper Buda: Austin, Shoal Creek, Barton Creek (type localities). Turritella bonnellensis ELLISOR 1918, 16, 17, pl. IV, figs. 5-6. Georgetown: Austin, east side of Mount Bonnell (type locality). Turritella bravoensis BOSE 1910, 8, 149, pl. XXXI, figs. 8-9; pl. xxxn, figs. 1-2. Sides of volution somewhat rounded, with the bands projecting; bands unequal, prominently tuberculated; last volution has 6 promi­nent revolving bands, a fine one near the suture, 3 prominent ones, then 2 finer ones, the last of which makes the periphery of the whorl; below it are about 5 fine bands. Fredericksburg (subd. 2, with Exogyra texana): El Paso section, near Southern Pacific bridge over the Rio Grande (type locality). Turritella budaensis SHATl'UCK 1903, 86, 31, pl. XIX, figs. 4-6. ELLISOR 1918, 16, 10, pl. II, figs. 4-6. Sides rounded, revolving bands dissimilar; 4 revolving bands, about equally developed in young stages, but the 2 middle ones more prominent in older shells; besides there are 2 or 3 fine lines; main ribs cut by vertical depressions into quadr~ngular raised areas. Buda: Austin, Shoal Creek, Bouldin Creek, Barton Creek; near Buda, Onion Creek (type localities). Turritella bybeei ELLISOR 1918, 16, 7, pl. I, figs. 1-2. Lower Buda: Round Rock (type locality). Turritella coalvillensis MEEK. CR.AGIN 1893, 21, 230. WHITE 1879, 104, 315, pl. IX, fig. 4 a. Sides rounded, sutures impressed; several subequal revolving bands, and on each side about 5 longitudinal swellings, discontin­uous at sutures but in alinement from one volution to the next. Woodbine: Denton County (Timber Creek). TurriteUa corsicana SHUMARD=Turritella trilira CONRAD. Turritella denisonensis CRAGIN 1895, 23, 65=Turritella leonensis CONRAD. See CRAGIN 1897, Notes on some fossils of the Comanche series. Sci. (n. s.), VI, 134. Turritella felteri ELLISOR 1918, 16, 11, pl. II, figs. 7-8. Buda: Austin, Shoal Creek (type locality). Turritella Oagellata CRAGIN 1893, 21, 232. Cretaceoua: Windom, Kansas. Turritella georgetownensia ELLISOR 1918, 16, 15, pl. IV, figs. 1-2. Georgetown: Austin, Shoal Creek (type locality). Turritella granulata SOWERBY var. cenomanensis n'ORBIGNY. BOSE 1910, 8, 147, pl. XXXI, figs. 3-5, 7, 10-12. Weno-Pawpaw (subd. 6; Perv. trinodosa): El Paso section, above the initial boundary monument; and at extreme southeast end of Cerro de Muleros. Turritella graysonensis ADKINS 1920, 1, 140, pl. X, fig. 43. Nearly straight sided, sutures impressed; bands low, inconspicuous, numerous, about 10 on side of volution and 4 below the suture; bands slightly unequal, bear low tubercles. Weno: Denison (type locality); Gainesville; southern Oklahoma. Turritella irrorata CONRAD 1856, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. for 1854­ 1855, p. 268. Conrad's description.-Turritella irrotata. Slightly turreted, subu­late, elongated; whorls with 4 to 5 fine revolving unequal beaded lines on each, and an intermediate smooth minute line. Differs from T. seriatim-granulata in having much finer lines and tubercles, and in having a smooth line between each of the beaded ones. Associated with Venus quinquecostata, Corbula occidentalis and Nodosaria occi­dentalis [N. texana?]. Lower Cretaceous: Between El Paso and Frontera (?) (type lo­cality). Turritella kansasensis CRAGIN. CRAGIN 1897, Sci. (n. s.), VI, 135. Revolving bands are plain or nearly so. Cretaceous: Southern Kansas. Turritella knikeri ELLISOR 1918, 16, 12, pl. II, figs. 5-6. Buda: Austin (type locality). Turritella leonensis CONRAD 1857, 18, 165, pl. XXI, figs. 7 a-b. Casts with volutions rounded, sutures deep, not greatly impressed; with about 9 fine, remote, thread-like raised bands of fine elongate tubercles; the intervening spaces are smooth and nearly flat. Lower Washita (or Kiamichi): Leon Springs, Pecos County (type locality). Turritella mabriensia ELLISOR 1918, 16, 18, pl. IV, fig. 8. Georgetown: Near Camp Mabry; International & Great Northern Railway cut, West Sixth Street; and Barton Creek, near Austin (type localities) . Handbook of Texas Cretaceous Fossils 183 Turritella manchacensis ELLISOR 1918, 16, 12, pl. III, figs. 3-4. Lower Buda: Near Manchaca (type locality). Turritella marnochi WHITE 1879, 104, 314, pl. VII, figs. 5 a-b. CRA­GIN 1893, 21, 232. Sides straight, bands slightly unequal, tuberculate. Two bands nearest suture equal, composed of prominent, round or inclined, low, circular tubercles; the next band is composed of more numerous, fine, crowded tubercles; the 3 basal bands above the overlap are equal and consist of tubercles not quite so prominent as the first 2 bands; there are a few fainter bands below the overlap. Cretaceous: Helotes, Bexar County (type locality). Turritella moorei ELLISOR 1918, 16, 14, pl. III, figs. 7-8. Buda: Austin (type locality). Turritella cfr. nodosa STOLICZKA (not ROEMER). BOSE 1910, 8, 150, pl. XXXI, fig. 13. Upper Fredericksburg (subd. 2, with Exogyra texana): El Paso section, near Smelter, between the two railroad bridges (type locality). Turritella planilateralis CONRAD 1857, 18, 158, pl. XIV, figs. 1 a-b. CRAGIN 1893, 21, 232. ELLISOR 1918, 16, 18, pl. IV, fig. 7. Sides nearly straight; bands unequal, with prominent tubercles. 'Volutions with 2 large, beaded, revolving lines, and 2 smaller ones beneath, with an intermediate fine crenulated line." Locality and horizon: Not stated. "Cretaceous: Texas." Georgetown: Austin, east side of Mount Bonnell. Turritella renauxiana D'ORBIGNY. CRAGIN 1893, 21, 231. Woodbine: Denton County, Timber Creek. Turritella seriatim-granulata ROEMER 1849, 77, 413. ROEMER 1852, 78, 39, pl. IV, figs. 12 a-b. GABB 1864, Pal. Calif., I, 132-133, pl. XX, fig. 88. GABB 1869, Pal. Calif., II, p. 263. CRAGIN 1893, 21, 231. Sides of volution nearly straight; 5 equal revolving bands, the mid­ dle one being set off on either side by a revolving groove containing a fine raised tuberculate band; other bands equally spaced; all 5 bands have perched on summit a few remote, equal, low tubercles. Fredericksburg: Fredericksburg (type locality). Fredericksburg and Washita divisions of Central Texas. Dakota of Kansas (CRAGIN). Sierra de las Conchas, Arivechi, Sonora; localities in California. Turritella shippi ELLISOR 1918, 16, 13, pl. III, figs. 1-2. Buda: Austin (type locality). Turritella simondai ELLISOR 1918, 16, 16, pl. III, figs. 9-10. Georgetown: East side of Mount Bonnell (type locality). Turritella trilira CONRAD 1860, Jour. Acad. Nat. S'Ci. Phila., IV, 285. SHUMARD 1862, 90, 196 (as T. corsicana). STEPHENSON 1923, 96, 360, pl. xc, figs. 2-9. High spire, 15-20 volutions; shell constricted just abqve suture; 3 sharp-topped revolving bands, with the bottom slopes more gentle, crossed by backwardly curved growth striae. Navarro: Corsicana, Chatfield Point; near Corsicana. Escondido: Maverick County. San Miguel (Ex. ponderosa zone): Kinney, Maverick counties. Turritella ventrivoluta CRAGIN 1893, 21, 232. Shell small or medium sized; granules delicate; volutions rounded. Weno float: Texas & Pacific Railway, 3 miles east of Fort Worth (type locality). Turritella vertehroides MORTON 1834. STEPHENSON 1923, 96, 366, pl. XCI, figs. 11-14. Volutions rounded, sutures impressed; no tubercles; 5 main ribs above overlap, prominent, equal, smooth; between each two of these are 3 smaller ribs equally spaced, the central one being heavier than those on either side of it. Navarro: Near Kaufman (U.S.N.M. Cat. No. 21025). Turritella vihrayeana D'ORBIGNY. BOSE 1910, 8, 145, pl. XXX, fig. 10; pl. XXXI, fig. 6. Upper Fredericksburg (subd. 1, with Exogyra texana): El Paso, Smelter, at Southern Pacifi'C Railway bridge across the Rio Grande. Turritella wasbitensia ELLISOR 1918, 16, 9, pl. I, figs. 5-6. Basal Buda: Near Austin, Onion Creek (type locality). Turritella whitneyi ELLISOR 1918, 8, pl. I, figs. 3-4. Buda: Austin, Shoal Creek (type locality). Turritella winchelli SHUMARD 1862, 90, 196. Volutions gently convex, sutures in moderately deep channel; aperture subquadrate, longer than wide. Voiution has 3 moder­ately prominent, rounded, revolving carinae, 4 on last volution, with 1 or 2 fine, elevated, revolving lines in the interspaces. Spiral angle 16°; length (of Shumard's type) 37 mm., width at base 11 mm. Navarro: Corsicana and Chatfield Point (type localities). Turritella worthensis ADKINS 1920, 1, 142, pl. X, fig. 42. Sides of volution inflated-rounded; bands subequal, those above the suture tuberculate. Six equal, equally spaced revolving bands, Handbook of Texas Cretaceous Fossils 185 with medium, numerous, equal tubercles; below overlap 2 rather smooth bands; lower down, several fine bands. Basal Weno: Tarrant County (Loe. 618 is type locality). Turritella sp. ROEMER 1849, 77, 414. ROEMER 1852, 78, 39. Auatin chalk?: Ford, New Braunfels. MESALIA GRAY Like Turritella, but aperture with shallow canal, and inner lip twisted. No species reported from the Texan Cretaceous; mainly Tertiary. GLAUCONIA GIEBRL Glauconia branneri HILL 1893, 55, 34, pl. V, figs. 1-7 (Vicarya). Length up to 2 inches; tall spire, sutures variably impressed; tubercles variable, 2 rows or none; outer lip with pronounced indentation near suture; inner lip reflected. Trinity division: Arkansas (types); Travis County, Texas. NERINEIDAE Zittel NERINEA DEFRANcE22 Turreted or pyramidal shells; aperture anteriorly with short canal or shallow notch. Columella invariably, and inner and outer lips generally, with simple folds. Sides of volutions convex Volution with sharp, projecting keeL......._._____ ________N. cultriapira Volution without keeL______________________________________________N. pellucida Sides of volution concave Volution entirely smooth_________________________________________ N. auatinenaia Volution has 2 revolving bands separated by a depressed line....--------·--·-------·----------------------·-·------------------------·N. inciaa Sides of volution straight Volution entire, 1 band Volution smootlL._____________________N. achotti; N. volana Volution with 2 rows of granules____________________________ ___ N. aubula Volution split into bands Cast with 3 or 4 revolving bands___________________________________N. acua Cast with 2 revolving bands Bands subequaL______________________________________..........N. sp. ROEMER Bands unequaL..-----·-·----·-·-----··-----N. texana; N. hicorienaia ""Dietrich, W., Gastropoda mesozoica, Fam. Nerineidae, Fossilium Catalogus, No. 31. Nerinea acua ROEMER 1849, 77, p. 412. ROEMER 1852, 73, 42, pl. IV, fig. 10 a-b. Small shell, subcylindrical (small apical angle), volutions nearly straight-sided, with about 10 revolving ridges of two, roughly alter­nate, sizes. Fredericksburg (with Exogyra texana): Fredericksburg (type lo­cality). Nerinea austinen1i1 ROEMER 1888, 80, 17, pl. I, fig. 8. HILL 1893, 52, p. 36. Medium-sized shell; apical angle about 20°; volutions smooth, concave. A line of granules above suture. Aperture oblique, with short anterior canal; 3 folds on inner lip, 1 on outer lip. Edwards: Austin, 2 miles above mouth of Barton Creek (type locality). Glen Rose: Austin (Mount Bonnell). Nerinea cultrispira ROEMER 1888, 80, 17, pl. I, fig. 9. Tall, slender shell; middle of volution with single, acutely pro­jecting keel; space between keel on adjacent volutions concave, with indistinct suture in middle. Aperture open, almost vertical, with short canal and simple lips. Edwards: Austin, 2 miles above mouth of Barton Creek (type locality). Nerinea hicoriensis CRAGIN 1893, 21, 225, pl. XLII, figs. 6-7. Smooth cast; volution with 2 unequal spiral bands. Cragin's plate XLII, figure 7 shows some similarity to N. texana Roemer 1852, 78, pl. IV?, fig. 7. Travis Peak: Travis County, Hickory Creek (type locality). Nerinea iJ)cisa GIEBEL 1853, 45, p. 364. ROEMER 1852, 78, 41, pl. IV, fig. 8. Medium-sized, subcylindrical cast; smooth, concave volution with 2 subequal, revolving bands. Specimens with 10 volutions reach a foot in length. Trinity division (?): Upper Pedernales River (type locality). Medina County (with Orbitulina texana). Nerinea pellucida CRAGIN 1893, 21, 226, pl. XLII, fig. 5. Small conical shell (some limonitic); volution convex, and con­ sists of two bands each with two rows of granules. Apical angle large for the genus. Aperture oblique, short anterior canal, two folds on columella, one on outer lip. Edwards: Austin, Deep Eddy Bluff (type locality). Duck Creek: Near Fort Worth. Handbook of Texas Cretaceous Fossils 187 Nerinea schotti CONRAD 1857, 18, 158, pl. XIV, figs. 3 a-b. Large gpecies, smooth, straight sided, sutures slightly impressed. Fredericksburg: "Near mouth of Pecos River'' [Live Oak Creek?] (type locality) . Nerinea subula ROEMER 1888, 80, 18, pl. I, fig. 10. Small shell, straight sided with 2 rows of granules, suture im­pressed. Aperture oblique, narrowed anteriorly in a canal posteriorly narrowed; no folds on columella or outer lip. Edwards: Austin, Barton Creek, 2 miles above mouth (type locality). Nerinea texana ROEMER 1852, 78, 41, pl. IV, fig. 7. Tall cast, nearly straight sided; volution with 2 unequal spiral bands. Columellar folds apparently absent. Fredericksburg: Fredericksburg (type locality) ; Pedernales River. Nerinea volana CRAGIN 1893, 21, 226, pl. LXII, fig. 8. Tall conical shell, apparently straight sided, with 2 unequal lobes. Ornamentation and aperture unknown. Buda: San Gabriel River, 6 miles below Georgetown (type lo­cality). Nerinea sp. ROEMER 1852, 78, 41, pl. IV, fig. 9. Cast with volutions nearly straight sided, 2 subequal bands. Cretaceous: Upper Pedernales River (type locality). CERITHIIDAE Menke CERITHIUM BBUGUIERE Turreted shells with variable ornamentation; aperture oblong ovate; with backwardly curved anterior canal; outer lip often some­what deflected; columella concave, frequently with 1 or 2 folds. Shell nearly smooth except for growth lines...----······----C· proctori Shell with spiral or radial ornamentation Spiral lines or ridges absent; longitudinal ridges present______ --------------·------------------------C· hilli and C. texanum Spiral lines or ridges present Prominent longitudinal ribs present Large species; about 10 longitudinal ridges_____C. bosquense Small species. About 14 longitudinal ridges; 5-7 spiral lines..C. shumardi About 8 longitudinal ridges; 4 spiral lines...... -----·----···· -------------------·------------·C• interlineatum University of Texas Bulletin About 6 longitudinal ridges; 6-8 spiral lines_________________ ----------------------------------·----------------------C· auatinenaia Prominent longitudinal ribs absent Tall species (16-27 whorls) Two tuberculate spiral ridges___________________________c. atantoni Three-five spiral ridges_________________________________c. tramitenae Lower species (about 9 whorls); 6-8 spiral ridges with obscure granules___________________________C. obliterato-granoaum Cerithium proctori CRAGIN 1893, 21, 222, pl. XLII, figs. 11-12. Species nearly smooth except for oblique growth lines. Edwards: North Austin, Deep Eddy Bluff (type localities); Gil­ lespie (or Hood?) County. Cerithium hilli WHITNEY 1911, 111, 21, pl. X, fig. 4. Spiral angle about 19°; about 24 longitudinal costae; spiral lines faint or absent. Buda: Austin (Shoal Creek). Holotype: University of Texas. Cerithium boaquenae SHUMARD 1860, 89, p. 596. CRAGIN 1893, 21, 220, pl. XLII, figs. 9-10. Casts generally found; large shell with several oblique, longitudinal ribs appearing on upper angular margin of volution as obscure nodes; 10-12 revolving lines. Comanche Peak and Walnut: Central Texas. Walnut: Bosque Creek,, Bosque County (type locality). Comanche Peak ("Goodland"): Near Fort Worth. Cerithium ahumardi WHITNEY 1911, 111, 21, pl. X, fig. 3. Spiral angle 31•; about 14 costae traversed by 5-7 heavy rev:olving lines; lower part of volution lacks the costae. Buda: Austin (Shoal Creek, Barton Creek). Types: University of Texas. Cerithium interlineatum CRAGIN 1893, 21, p. 221. Small shell, 8 whorls; about 8 longitudinal ribs and 4 revolving lines. Woodbine: Denton County, Timber Creek, 2 miles below Dallas­Lewisville road (type locality) . Cerithium (?) auatinense ROEMER 1888, 80, 16, pl. I, fig. 12. Shell with 6 longitudinal ribs crossed by about 6-8 subequal, revolving ridges. Aperture posteriorly rounded, anteriorly con­stricted into a narrow canal. Both lips apparently si:m,ple. Generic determination uncertain. Edwards: Austin, Barton Creek, about 2 miles above mouth (type locality). Cerithium atantoni WHITNEY 1911, 111, 20, pl. X, figs. 1-2. Spiral angle 16°; 2 rows of tubercles, anterior ones larger. Buda: Austin, Shoal Creek (type locality; types, University of Texas). Cerithium tramitense CRAGIN 1893, 21, p. 222. With 16-25 whorls, ornamented with oblique growth lines and with 3-5 raised revolving lines, reduced in large specimens to one line just below the suture. Woodbine: Denton County, Timber Creek near Lewisville (type locality). Ceritbium (?) obliterato-granosum ROEMER 1888, 80, p. 222, pl. I, fig. 11. Rounded volutions with 6-8 spiral rows of small granules, other­wise appearing smooth; aperture oblique oval, anteriorly rounded and entire, posteriorly narrowed; outer lip simple, inner lip reflected. Generic determination ? Edwards: Austin, Barton Creek, 2 miles above mouth (type lo­cality). Ceritbium (?) texanum SHATTUCK 1903, 86, 32, pl. XIX, figs. 7-8. No spiral ornamentation; several longitudinal ribs, each with a tubercle at upper (posterior) end; shell with 6 or more whorls. Buda: Austin (Shoal Creek, Bouldin Creek), type localities. TRICHOTROPIDAE TRICHOTROPIS BRODERIP AND SOWERBY Trichotropis (?) sbumardi CRAGIN 1893, 21, 229, pl. XLII, fig. 13 --------------------------------------------------------------------------________ Piate 11, figure 7 Cast; generic determination probably incorrect. Comanche Peak: At and 1.5 miles east of Benbrook (type lo­ calities). APORRHAIDAE Philippi ANCHURA CONRAD Turreted shell with no posterior canal. Outer lip expanded with 1 or 2 narrow or bluntly rounded terminal processes. Drepanochilus MEEK has 1 slender, sickle-shaped process apically upturned; Anchura s. s. has 2 processes, one apically unturned, the other turned away from the spire, both being short and bluntly rounded (in Texas species). Shell nearly smooth; a single carinated, upturned process________ --------------------------------------___ _ ______________________A. modesta Shell with narrow, curved, subvertical ribs Wing not distinctly carinate__ ______ __________________A. mudgeana Wing carinate externally_______________________________A. kiowana Anchura mudgeana WHITE 1879, 104, 312-313, pl. VII, figs. 3 a-b. ADKINS 1920, 1, 139, pl. X, figs. 39-40. Shell with vertical ribs; wing not distinctly carinate, distally ex­panded until taller than body whorl, terminally narrowed to a bluntly rounded, outwardly projecting, central lobe about one-third the height of body whorl. Weno and Pawpaw: Denison (type locality) ·; Gainesville. Anchura modesta CRAGIN 1893, 21, p. 218. Shell nearly smooth; wing process upturned (apically), carinate externally, proceeding from basal two-thirds of expanded outer lip. Eagle Ford: Four miles east of Whitesboro (type locality). Anchura texana (ROEMER) 1852, 78, 39, pl. IV, figs. 11 a-b (Scalaria). GABB 1869, Pal. Calif., II, 261 (Chemnitzia). GABB 1876, 43, 298-299 (Anchura). Turreted shell, 4 + volutions, spire tall, sutures impressed, about 11 revolving, low ridges above the overlap (about every fourth one more prominent), and about 12 longitudinal swellings ( 6 on each side), discontinuous at sutures but in continuous longitudinal lines from one volution to the next. Inner lip broadly reflected, outer lip apparently simple, thin (broken?). Aperture biconvex in outline, equally narrowed at anterior and posterior ends; short anterior canal (broken?). Gabb states that Stoliczka examined Roemer's original at Bonn and considered it an imperfect specimen of Aporrhais. "The long, slender spire of the species in question is very like many species of Anchura, but is wholly incompatible with Aporrhais." (GABB.) Lack of information concerning features of the wing prevents plac­ ing it in the key, even to the subgenus. Austin chalk?: Waterfall of Guadalupe River below New Braun­ fels (type locality; "nicht selten"; 6 cotypes; type material at University of Bonn). ANCHURA KIOWANA CRAGIN 1894, 23, p. 66; TWENHOFEL 1924, 99, 53, pl. IX, figs. 2-3. Less slender than A. mudgeana and with fewer whorls. Wing process carinate, narrow and directed posteriorly, as in Drepanochi­ lus. Champion Shell Bed, and Kiowa: Southern Kansas. Handbook of Texas Cretaceous Fossils 191 ANCHURA MONILIFERA GABB 1869, Geol. Surv. Calif., Pal. II, 262, pl. xxxv, fig. 7. Longer and more slender than A. mnulgeana, aperture narrower, and wing process more pointed. Fredericksburg (?) : Arivechi, Sonora. ANCHURA JOHNSON! STEPHENSON 1923, 96, 370, pl. XCII, figs. 1, 4. Navarro equivalent: Snow Hill, North Carolina (type); Las Es­peranzas, Coahuila (BOSE 1928, 10). APORRHAJS DA COSTA Differs from Anchura in having posterior canal; outer lip expanded often covering penultimate whorls, and digitate or lobed. Genus not recorded from Texas. PTEROCERELLA MEEK Shell smooth, with angulated carina near center of volution; three or more leaf-like expansions of outer lip. Pterocerella tippana (CONRAD) 1858. WADE 1926, 103, 152, pl. LIU, figs. 6-7. Shell smooth with angular carina near middle of volution; 6 elongated, spreading leaf-like processes of outer lip, each centrally earinated and 5 of these carinae continuous onto body whorl. Navarro: Chatfield. STROMBIDAE d'Orbigny HARPAGODES GILL Spire short, body whorl large. Canal long, reflected; outer margin produced into a number of tubular, spinous processes, the posterior­most of which rests against the spire and extends nearly to the apex. Harpagodea ahumardi (HILL) 1889, 53, p. 5, pl. II (Pterocera). SHATTUCK 1903, 86, 32, pl. XXL Subfusiform, smooth, large shell with a wing having about 5 points, between which the margin is indented. Buda: Austin (Shoal Creek, Bouldin Creek); Buda (Onion Creek). ROSTELLARIA LAMARCK Spire high, whorls smooth. Aperture produced anteriorly into a beak-like canal, and continued posteriorly as a narrow channel rest­ing on the spire (reaching tip of spire in Hippochrenes). Outer margin with denticulate processes, notched anteriorly (apparently entire in Texas species). Rostellaria monopleurophila ROEMER 1888, 80, lS, pl. III, figs. 3 a-b. Typical Rostellaria, smooth, sutures obscure, posterior margin ef lip covering penultimate whorl. Edwards: Austin, Barton Creek, 2 miles above mouth (type lo­cality). RosteUaria (?) texana CONRAD 1857, 18, 158, pl. XIII, figs. 4 a-b. Not typical; sutures impressed, outer lip covers only last whorl; casts. Fredericksburg: Between Rio San Pedro and Rio Pecos (type locality) ; widespread in Central Texas. Roatellaria (?) collina CONRAD 1857, 18, 157, pl. XIII, figs. 3 a-b. Not typical; sutures .impressed, spire proportionately taller and body whorl shorter than in R. texana; casts. Fredericksburg: Between Rio San Pedro and Rio Pecos (type locality). Roatellaria (?) aubfuaiformia (SHUMARD) 1854, 87, 182, pl. IV, fig. 3 (Eulima?). Not typical; fusiform shape; more inflated and sutures less in­dented than in R. texana; casts. Fredericksburg: "Camp No. 4, Cross Timbers, Texas" (type lo­c.ality). PUGNELLUS CONRAD Spire short, body whorl large, both covered with calcareous de­posit; aperture narrow, narrowed posteriorly, broadened anteriorly; outer lip simple, thickened, flared. Pugnellus densatus CONRAD 1860. STEPHENSON 1923, 96, p. 374. WADE 1926, 103, 148, pl. LII, figs. 4-5. Navarro: "Texas." Pugnellua sp. STEPHENSON 1927, 97, p. 22. Navarro: Kaufman County. CYPRAEIDAE Gray CYPRAEA LINNAEUS Cyprea sp. SHATTUCK 1903, 86, 33, pl. XXII. Generic assignment uncertain. Buda: Austin (Shoal Creek). Handbook of Texas Cretaceous Fossils 193 BUCCINIDAE Troschel BUCCINOPSJS CONRAD Baccinopsis parryi CONRAD 1857, 18, 158, pl. XIII, figs. 5 a-b. "Sub-pyriform; longitudinally undulated and ornamented with rugose revolving lines; volutions flattened above; spire scalariform; aperture large and patulous." Generic assignment uncertain. HILL (1893, SS, 33, pl. VI, fig. 1) questionably refers to this species a cast belonging to some other species. Cretaceous: "Between Rio San Pedro and Rio Puercos." SARGANIDAE Stephenson 1923 "The columellar folds and the flattened spire are the chief char­acters which distinguish the family from the Muricidae." SARGANA STBPHBNSON 1923 Sargana stantoni (WELLER) 1907. STEPHENSON 1923, 94, 337, pl. XCill, figs. 1-5. WADE 1926, 103, 136, pl. XLVI, figs. 7-8. Navarro: Near Chatfield (type locality; holotype U.S.N.M. Cat. No. 21070). FUSIDAE Tyron FUSUS LAMARCK Shell narrow, elongate; spire acuminate. Aperture ovate; canal very long, straight, open. Outer margin thin, sometimes crenulate, and often striate within; columella smooth. Fusas texanus SHA'ITUCK 1903, 86, 33, pl. XIX, fig. 9. Short spire, body whorl proportionately longer, and apical angle greater, than in F. si11umdsi. Buda: Austin (Shoal Creek); Buda (Onion Creek). Fuaaa aimondsi WHITNEY 1911, 111, 22, pl. XI, fi~. 2. Tall species, apical angle 25°; spire and body whorl about equal in length. Buda: Austin (Shoal Creek) type; University of Texas. Faaaa sp. SHATI'UCK 1903, 86, 34, pl. XIX, figs. 10-11. Shell small, spire short, body whorl inflated, aperture oval (?). Buda: Austin (Shoal Creek, Bouldin Creek); Buda (Onion Creek). VOLUTIDAE Tyron2s VOLUTILITHES SWAINSON Volutilithes austinensis WHITNEY 1911, 111, 22, pl. XI, fig. 1. Small species, body whorl large; aperture narrow and elongated, canal long; columella with 3 plaits. Buda: Austin, Shoal Creek (type locality; holotype, University of Texas). VOLUTOMORPHA GABB Volutomorpha differs from Volutoderma "by its sculpture, by hav­ing a single strong plait on the columella, and especially by the fact that the outer surface in the adult is covered with a varnish-like enamel." Volutomorpha retifera DALL 1907, 120, 15, text figs. 2, 3. "Shell with 1 evident plait in the adult, 2 in the early stages, lagging behind the aperture and hardly visible from in front; penultimate whorl with 18-21 rounded ribs, most prominent at the shoulder, obsolete on the last half of the last whorl, but earlier extend­ing well towards the base, with subequal interspaces; posterior sinus of the aperture deep, narrow, in the adult recurved (see figure 3), leaving a prominent ridge of callus in front of and close to the suture, in front of which the whorl is excavated, markedly so in the earlier whorls, and spirally obsoletely striated; the rest of the sur­face with about 22 spiral, strap-hke ridges, very evenly disposed, prominent but hardly noduloud at the intersections, forming with the ribs a coarse, rather regular reticulum; spire snort, conic; suture appressed; the whole she1l in the fully adult stage with a very thin coat of enamel; outer lip thin, expanded, slightly reflected, more or less denticulate at the extreme margin. Lon. of shell 143 mm.; of aperture, 103 mm.; max. diam., 44 mm." Navarro: Kaufman (type locality; holotype U.S.N.M., 20996). VOLUTODERMA GABB Volutoderma texana (CONRAD). Rostellites texana CONRAD 1856, Proc. Phila. Acad. Nat. Sci., VII, 268. CONRAD 1857, 18, 158, pl. XIV, figs. 2 a-b. Volutilithes navarroensis SHUMARD 1862, 90, 192. Volutoderma texana DALL 1907, 120, 20, text fig. 9. DALL 1890, Trans. Wagner Free Inst., Vol. III, 71-73. Dall's description follows: Pillar with 3 feeble plaits becoming obsolete near the aper­ ture (the "numerous plaits" of Conrad being based on remnants 23Compare: Dall, 1907, 120. of the external spiral cords, and not on the true plaits); early whorls with 8-10 rounded, axial riblets, obsolete on the last whorl; suture appressed, the whorl in front of it flattish, with no well-marked shoulder, but more or less distinct axial wrinkling just in front of the suture; on the last whorl there are 15-17 prominent, distant, sharp spiral ridges, without nodulations, separated by much wider slightly excavated axially striate interspaces, in which occasional much finer intercalary spirals sometimes appear; outer lip thin, in the adult an­teriorly expanded, slightly reflected; the posterior sinus narrow, well marked, close to the suture. Lon., 124 mm.; of aperture, 87 mm.; max. diam., 33 mm. Navarro: Eagle Pass (type locality; holotype U.S.N.M. No. 9886). Kaufman (U.S.N.M. No. 20992). Webberville (U.S.N.M. No. 21183). Volutoderma protracta DALL 1907, 120, 21, text fig. 10. WADE 1926, 103, 115, pl. XXXIX, fig. 4. Shell very elongate, thin, with 8 whorls; pillar straight, with 3 feeble plaits lagging behind the aperture; on the early whorls 7-8 rounded axial ribs, obsolete on the later whorls; whorls slightly constricted in front of the appressed suture; sutural margin with conspicuous imbricated scales and striation axially directed, crossed by 3-5 faint spiral threads; on the body of the last whorl are 19-20 sharp spiral ridges with much wider, somewhat excavated inter­spaces; the spiral ridges are sometimes gently undulated but not nodulous, and there are occasionally faint intercalary spiral threads; outer lip thin, slightly reflected; posterior sinus close to the edge of the suture. Lon., 155 mm.; of spire above the first whorl, about 40 mm.; max. diam., 36 mm. Navarro: Kaufman (cotype, U.S.N.M. No. 20992). Subclass EUTHYNEURA Order OPISTHOBRANCHIATA ACTAEONIDAE d'Orbigny CYLINDRITES FERUSSAC Cylindrical-ovoid shells with short spire; columella with anterior fold. Cylindrites formosua CRAGIN 1893, 21, 223, pl. XLII, fig. 4. Medium-sized, rhomboid-elliptical shells; spire short, body chamber ventricose; aperture crescentic with 2 anterior, thin, high columellar folds. Upper Walnut: About 2.5 miles east of Benbrook (type locality). Cylindrites whitei WHITNEY 1911, 111, 23, pl. X, fig. 8. Small shell, with prominent growth lines; spire short; aperture narrow; columella with 1 fold. Buda: Austin, Shoal Creek (type locality). Type: University of Texas. ACTAEONELLA D'ORBIGNY Thick-shelled, inflated, smooth forms. Spire short; columella thickened anteriorly, with 3 sharp folds. Mainly in the Rudistid Facies. Actaeonella n. sp. Main Street equivalent ("upper cap rock") : Pecos County, Sec. 33, Blk. 24, University Land, Pecos County (University Mesa, about 12 miles northeast of Fort Stockton; type locality; holotype in Bu­reau of Economic Geology). VOLVULINA STOLICZKA Like Actaeonella, but with insunken spire. Volvulina texana (ROEMER) 1849, 77, p. 411. ROEMER 1852, 78, 43, pl. IV, fig. 4 (Actaeonella). Thick, subovate shell, with insunken spire; 3 columellar plaits; casts. Fredericksburg: Near Fredericksburg (type locality). ACTEON MONTFORT (Tornatella LAMARCK) Oval thin shells with conical spire; 1 columellar fold. Acteon texana SHUMARD 1862, 90, p. 194 (Tornatella). Shell small ( 7 mm. long), thin, ovate; spire short, spiral angle 78°, about 5 volutions, the last one large, ventricose. Aperture narrow, subovate; outer lip sharp; 1 oblique, twisted columellar fold near middle of lip. Shell ornamented with fine, sharply impressed, punc­tate, revolving striae. Eagle Ford (?): Lamar County, on Red River (type locality). SOLIDULA FISCHER DE WALDHEIM Ovate to elongate, thick shell with short, conical spire. Two columellar folds. Solidula riddelli SHUMARD 1862, 90, p. 194. Small, thick, elongate-ovate shell, with short, blunt spire; orna­ mented with 9-10 revolving, punctate striae. Navarro: Navarro County (type locality). Ha.ndbook of Texas Cretaceous Fossils 197 RINGICULIDAE Meek Columellar folds as in Actaeonidae, but lacking operculum; mostly subglobose shells; columellar border thick and calloused. Many species smooth; outer lip greatly thickened_____________Ringicula Spirally grooved or punctate; outer lip only slightly thickened; columellar border not thick and calloused Inside of outer lip smooth; inner lip with 1 fold______Cinulia a. •· Inside of thickened outer lip crenate; inner lip with 2-4 folds -----------------------------------------------------Avellana There are other subgenera of Cinulia, as: Ringinella with the columellar folds often split, and only 1 fold on the inner lip; Eriptycha with inside of outer lip crenate, and folds of inner lip replaced by a broad, sometimes toothed ridge; Oligoptycha with very low spire, outer lip smooth inside, base of columella with a single prominent plication. CJNULIA GRAY (Genotype: Auricula globulosa DESHAYES) Cinulia texana (SHUMARD) 1860, 39, p. 597 (Avellana?). Shell small, globose, spire about one-fifth the total length; outer lip thickened; 22-25 revolving lines on body whorl. Fredericksburg (with Exogyra texana and Engonoceras pierde­nale): Bosque County, on Bosque River. Cinulia tarrantensia CRAGIN 1893, 21, 223, pl. XLII, figs. 1-2. Small shell (12 mm. tall), with 3 whorls; ornamented with about 20 revolving lines; outer lip thickened, not covering penultimate whorl; aperture crescentic, narrowed posteriorly; 3 plicae on thick­ened inner lip, 2 of them median and 1 anterior. Upper Walnut: Two and one-half miles east of Benbrook (type locality). Cinulia washitaenais ADKINS 1920, 1, 143, pl. X, figs. 33-37. Larger than C. tarrantensis, and with the outer lip thicker and covering part of the spire, teeth of inner lip placed more anteriorly. Weno: Gainesville brickyards (type locality); Denison. Cinulia pelleti WHITNEY 1911, 111, 23, pl. X, figs. 9-11. Small species, spire about one-sixth the height of shell; about 27 revolving costellae, outer lip not greatly thickened, smooth within. not extended over spire; inner lip with 3 plications placed rather anteriorly. Buda: Austin (Barton Creek, type locality; types, University o1 Texas). 198 University of Texas Bulletin Cinulia conradi WHITNEY 1911, 111, 23, pl. X, figs. 5-7. Small species, spire about one-eighth the height of shell; about 14 revolving costellae; inner lip with 3 plications, 2 of them placed rather posteriorly. Buda: Austin (Shoal Creek, type locality; types, University of Texas). CINULIA RECTILABRUM GABB 1869, Geol. Surv. Calif., Pal. II, 264-265, pl. XXXV, figs. 10-10 a. Cretaceous: Sierra de las Conchas, Arivechi, Sonora. RINGICULA DESHAYES (Genotype: R. buccinea BROCCHI, Miocene-Pliocene) Ringicula pulchella SHUMARD 1862, 90, p. 192. STEPHENSON 1914, 94, tables 2 and 8. WADE 1926, 103, 105, pl. XXXIV, figs. 10-11. Spire medium, body whorl large with about 16 revolving ridges; aperture narrow, crescentic; outer lip thickened, extended over spire, plicate within; inner lip calloused, with anteriorly placed folds. Navarro: Chatfield (type locality). Ringicula subpellucida SHUMARD 1862, 90, p. 193. Shell small, smooth, spire elevated; outer lip thickened, prolonged towards spire, crenulated within; inner lip calloused, with 3 pli­cations. Eagle Ford: Lamar County (bluffs of Red River). Ringicula acutispira SHUMARD 1862, 90, p. 193. Shell small, polished, tall, spire elevated; outer lip with narrow, reflected margin; inner lip calloused, with 2 anterior plications. Is distinguished from R. subpellucida by "its greater proportionate length, more acute spire, and by revolving lines of the body volution." Eagle Ford: Lamar County (bluffs of Red River). CYLICHNA Cylichna striatella SHUMARD 1862, 90, 194. Shell elongate-ovate, length twice the width, aperture with sub­parallel sides, narrow above the middle, wider below; surface marked with growth lines and 56-60 distinct revolving striae which are nar­rower than the interspaces. Length 23 mm., width 12 mm. Navarro: Navarro County (type locality). Cylichna secalina SHUMARD 1862, 90, 195. Differs from preceding species by its narrow, subcylindrical form, finer striae and smaller size. Navarro: Corsicana (type locality). Cylicbna minuscula SHUMARD 1862, 90, 195. Shell very small, narrowly rounded below, subtruncate above, aper­ture narrow, outer lip nearly parallel with long axis of shell. Surface with numerous faint striae. Length 4.5 mm., width 2.5 mm., width of aperture 1 mm. Upper Cretaceous (Eagle Ford) : Lamar County near Red River (type locality). Class CEPHALOPODA Sub-class TETRABRANCHIATA Four gills; no ink bag; tentacles without suckers. Order NAUTILOIDEA Zittel NAUTILIDAE Owen CYMATOCERAS HYATT 1875, Genera Foss. Ceph.; HYATT 1894 60, 553 Costae pass entirely across the venter. "In the type species, these appear very late in the ontogeny in the ephebic stage, where as in neocomense and other species the costations appear earlier in the ananeanic substage. The sutures have slight ventral lobes or saddles with deep lateral and dorsal lobes. There are annular lobes at a very early stage in some species." Genotype: Nautilus pseudo-elegans d'Orbigny. Cymatoceras texanum (SHUMARD) 1860, 88, 590. SHATTUCK 1903, 86, 34, pl. XXIII, figs. 1-2 (Nautilus) _____________________Plate IV, figure 5 Species becomes rather large; form laterally compressed; flanks slightly convex; umbilicus median; aperture tall oval. The sutures turn slightly forwards from the umbilicus, and after a short distance turn sharply backward describing a symmetrically rounded curve near middle of flank, thence gently forward to venter. Shell orna­m-ented with numerous broad, flat, sigmoid ribs, with narrow, incised interspaces. Shumard compares this species with Nautilus pseudo­elegans d'Orbigny, the genotype of Cymatoceras. Entire Washita Division; Fort Worth, Weno, Main Street: Tar­ rant County. Buda: Austin (Shoal Creak). Washita limestone (with Epiaster elegans and Ostrea subovata): Austin, and Gray­ son County (type localities) • Cymatoceras hilli (SHATTUCK) 1903, 86, 35, pl. XXII, fig. 3; pl. XXIV, figs. 3-4 (Nautilus). The septa are more widely separated on the venter, the whorls less tall, and the form generally thicker, than in Cymatoceras texanum, and the shell is smooth except for growth lines, while in C. texanum, it is ribbed. The sutures turn forward from umbilicus for a short 200 University of Texas Bulletin distance, then bend sharply back, describing an asymmetrical curve, thence gently forward with a broad gentle curve to the venter. Shell without ornamentation except growth lines. Buda: Austin, Shoal Creek (type locality; types in U. S. Na­tional Museum). Cymatoceraa elegana (SOWERBY) ROEMER 1852, 78, 37 (Nautilus). HYATT 1894, 60, 553, pl. XII, figs. 16-21; on plate has label "Cymatoceras (Naut.) (sp. ? ) • Texas." "The large size of the apical chamber is noticeable, and the great distance apart of the first sutures indicates the rapid growth of the young shell. This fact is very interesting since here we also find a high degree of acceleration in other characters. Thus the dorsal furrow appears in the ananepionic substage at a considerable distance from the gyroceran bend and continues after this, as is shown in Fig. 20 (Hyatt 1894, 60, pl. XII), along the dorsum and is con­tinuous with that of the paranepionic. The costations appear in the neanic stage." (Hyatt) . Cymatoceraa simplex (SOWERBY) ROEMER 1852, 78, 37 (Nautilus). Hyatt 1894, 60, 554, pl. XII, fig. 28. "The dorsal furrow is present in this shell both in the metanepionic and the paranepionic substages." Nautilus n. sp. HILL 1889, 52, p. 21. Prob.=Cymatoceras hilli (Shattuck). Buda: Austin (Shoal Creek). EUTREPHOCERAS HYATT 1894, 60, 555 "This genus includes those forms like the type, Eutrephoceras Dekayi, which have globose ananepionic substages, increasing subse­quently with great rapidity in all their diameters. The ana-and metanepionic substages are highly tachygenic and these shells have very small, and often hardly perceptible and much flattened, umbilical perforations. The siphuncles are subdorsan from the apex through the nepionic stage in some species, in others this position is not main­tained, but the siphuncle is generally in later stages near the dorsum and in the ephebic stages it is dorsad of the center. "The nepionic stage has longitudinal ridges and transverse bands, the former disappearing in adults, which are smooth. The form of the whorl in section is nephritic from an early age and changes but little throughout life. "The sutures are almost straight, having but slight ventral lobes, broad ventro-lateral saddles, lobes on the umbilical zones and deep lobes in the zone of impression. There are no annular lobes at any stage of development." Genotype: Nautilus dekayi Morton. Upper Cretaceous. Eutrepboceraa dekayi (MORTON) 1833, Amer. Jour. Sci.,Vol. XXXIII, 291, pl. VIII, fig. 4 (Nautilus). HYATT 1894, 60, 556, pl. XIII, figs. 4-8; pl. XIV, fig. 1. STEPH.ENSON 1923, 96, 389, pl. XCVI, figs. 3-4. MEEK 1876, 70, 496, pl. XXVII, figs. 1 a-€. "Shell rather small, subglobose, the outermost volution enveloping the others. Sutures rather distantly spa~ed, with a broad, gentle lateral lobe and an equally broad ventral lobe. In form and in the spacing of the sutures the specimen appears to agree fairly well with the type and with other specimens from New Jersey, as these have been figured by several authors." (Stephenson.) Navarro: Terrell County, near Kaufman (U. S. Nat. Mus. Cat. No. 20963). Navarro County, near Chatfield (7571 and U. S. Nat. Mus. Cat. No. 21109); near Corsicana (U. S. Nat. Mus. Cat. No. 20873). Hunt County: about 5 miles east of Greenville. CLYDONAUTILIDAE Hyatt Hercoglossa (Encli1natoceras) is known from the Midway formation in Texas; the only Texan species so far described is E. vaughani Gardner. There has been some dispute over the age of the basal Midway: G. Scott 1926, 85, has claimed that it is of Danian age (which he considers as Cretaceous) though most writers consider it Eocene. Sub-class DIBRANCHIATA Order AMMONOIDEA Zitte12sa The classification followed is generally that of Hyatt, with some later modifications and revisions introduced by Spath and others. •aaGlossary of ammonite terminology :-Form:-Infiated, whorls thick from side to side, ftanks generally convex. Compressed, thin from side to side. Elevated, whorl taller than wide. Depressed, whorl wider from side to side than tall. Discoid, form biconvex in cross-section. Planospiro.l, coiled in one plane. Venter, outer edge of normal discoid ammonites, bears siphonal lobe and siphuncle. Dorsum, inner edge of voiution. Flanks, the two sides of volution. Other form terms for irregu­larly coiled ammonites : scaphitoid, hamitean, turrilitic, crioceran, baculitic, ptycho­ceran, and others, corresponding to the genera of the same names. Coiling: Involute, whorls overlapping over next inner whorls. Evolute, open-coiled, but coils in contact, with little or no overlap of whorl on next inner one. Gyro.l, whorls not in contact but forming regular spiral. Polygyro.l, many whorls, with compara­tively little overlap. Oligogyro.l, few whorls, with considerable overlap. Umbilicus:­C.mc.,..tNmbilicate, umbilicus regularly increasing in diameter. Ezcemrumbilicate, umbilicus suddenly opening out, or narrowing. Umbilical ratio (u), width of umbilicus (i.e., width of all whorls except outer one) divided by the total diameter. Angustumbilicate, u=S to 17 per cent. Subomgustumbilicate, u=l7 to 34 per cent Sublatumbilicate, u=34 to 60 per cent. Latumbilicate, u=60 to 66 per cent. Perlatumbilicate, u=66+ per cent. Venter and ornamentation :--Carinate, vent.er Artificial Key to Texan Genera of Amimonites23b A. Normal discoid coiling (shell almost a planospiral coil) : I. No carina 1. Venter convexly rounded in adult Ribs cross venter Large inflated ammonites; coarse; sparse ribs.."Desmoceras" Small ammonites; fine ribs Flanks flattened (Texas species) ___________ ____Mantelliceru Flanks convex Ribs sigmoidal, mostly gently curved____________________ -----------·····------·-··········----------------Dufrenoya; Parahoplites Ribs almost straight Long and short ribs in regular alternation....... . ----------------------------------------------Metacalycoceras Long and short ribs irregularly arranged, some set at angle to others_____________________Stoliczkaia Ribs do not cross venter a. Midline of venter smooth Form inflated; venter rounded Limonitic micromorphs (Texan species) Suture complicated_______________Kossmatella; Tetragonites Suture simplified Ribs obscure or absent; tubercles absent_____ ___Flickia Ribs or tubercles present____________________________Adkinsia Macromorphs Large species; ribs obsolete_____________.Parapachydiscus Small species, ribbed--------------------------------Douvilleiceraa Form compressed, venter truncated or excavated Venter excavated, bounded by nodes_________Metoicoceras with thin, elevated keel. F M tigate, venter merely sharpened_ Arched, venter evenly rounded. Costate, strongly ribbed. Prorsira.diate, ribs or striate inclined forwards. Rusiradio.te, inclined backwards. S igmoid, slightly S-shaped. Stdcus, radial groove. Tuberculate, provided with tubercles. Spi=te, tubercle high and conical. Nodate, tubercle low and blunt. Bull.ate, tubercle elongated transversely, i.e., radially. Clavate, tubercle elongated longitudinally., i.e., spirally. Size of shell :-Macromorphs, large to giant forms. Micromorphs, dwarf forms. Suture :-Lobe, inftection which points a.way from aperture. Saddle, inftection which points toward aperture. Lobule, small secondary incision, points away from aperture. Siphonal lobe, a symmetrical lobe, bifid in disco id forms on the siphuncle (middle of venter). A nti:riphonal lobe, a symmetrical, frequently trifid, lobe lying on the dorsal mid-line. Lateral lobes and eaddles lying on each ftank between the venter and the dorsum. Adventive. lobes, aeeonda.ry lobes formed by subdivision of a primitive lobe in development stages o! ammonite. I. U. L. E. nomenclature, a system of designating the primitive am• monite lobes (!=internal, antisipbonal ; U=umbilieal ; L=latera.l; E=external, aipbonal), and their secondary derivatives. For further details see BUCKMAN: Type Ammonites; and SPATH, Mon. Ga.ult Amm., pt. I, 1923. •ObGenera printed in italics in this key have not yet been recorded from Texas. Handbook of Texas Cretaceous Fossils 203 Venter narrow, not bounded by nodes; form discoid Placenticeraa b. Mid-line of venter tuberculate Mid-ventral tubercle prominent at all stages___ Acanthoceraa Mid-ventral tubercle reduced or absent in adult Micromorphs (Texan species) ____Submantelliceraa Macromorphs ____________________________Eucalycoceraa 2. Venter acute in some stages, not carinate Giant species (Texan forms>----------------------------------Parapuzoaia Medium-sized forms Saddles generally undivided........................Engonoceratidae Saddles generally divided One adventive lobe in external saddle; saddles simpler ______________________________________________coahuilites Two adventive lobes in external saddle........ Spbenodiacua II. Carinate ammonites Carina nodose or serrate Carina coarsely serrate..........................................Barroisiceras Carina with medium-sized serrations Ribs fine, numerous..............................................Prionotropia Ribs coarser, fewer................................................Budaiceraa Carina entire Whorl elevated, compressed in cross-section Ribs with obscure or no tubercles Size large; ribs numerous, curved_____Oxytropidoceraa Size medium; ribs fewer, generally straight..Prionocyclua Ribs tuberculate Three or more rows of tubercles Whorl very elevated, compressed..............Mortoniceraa Whorl trapezoidal, tall; multiple rows of tubercles -·-·····-··-·-··-··-·-··--·-·······-·····-·-·--··-·--·-··········-·····-Elobiceraa Whorl quadrate; 3 rows of tubercles____Pervinquieria One or two rows of tubercles Ribs and tubercles very projecting.............. Dipoloceraa Ribs not prominent Ribs sparse______________________.Mammites Ribs numerous --·--····-·····-·-·····-········--Probysteroceraa Whorl depressed Keel depressed below shoulder tubercles......Neokentrocerar Keel not depressed............................................Pervinquieri~ B. "Phylogerontic" ammonites (partly uncoiled, or coiling not discoid 1. Coiled or bent in one plane No initial coil; limbs straight, mainly ribbed Two limbs, one elbow Limbs in contact; some species nearly smooth____________ ------------------------------------------------------Ptychoceras; Oxybeloceras Limbs not in contact; all ribbed (Necomian) ________Hamulina Three limbs, two elbows Limbs in contact, with deep impressed zone Suture simpler_______-----------------------------------------Mastigoceras Suture complicated________________________________________ Diptychoceras Limbs not in contact, ribbed; occasionally 4 limbs, 3 elbows -----------------------------------------------------------------------Hamites Planospiral coil; initial volution in contact, later ones free Discoid portion small (usually not preserved) An open coil, ribbed, usually tuberculate________________Crioceras Straight limb, oval in cross-section Lateral lobes bifid --------------------------Cyrtochilus; Baculites Lateral lobes trifid----------------------------------------------Bochianites An open coil followed by a straight limb ending in a hook (crosier); tubercled or spined.__________________________ _ ------------------------------------------------------Ancyloceras; Tonoceras Discoid portion prominent Shells ribbed Suture complicated (lytoceran) ________ __ ____ _ Macroscaphites Suture simpler (scaphitic) ________________Scaphites; Yezoites Shells not ribbed; first lobe pointed....Worthoceras n. gen. 2. Coil or inflections not in one plane Coil not a tight turrilitic spire Coil an open, regular spiraL..----------------------------------Helicoceras Straight or slightly curved limbs (like Hamites) but coil­ ing out of plane--------------------------------------------------------Anisoceras Coiling erratic, serpuloid___________________________________________ Nipponites Coil, at least in initial or central portion, a tight, turrilitic spire Initial portion a tight conical spire Terminal (apertural) portion of shell uncoiled Later stage irregular, extended; siphon in middle of volution --------------------------------------------------------Bostrychoceras Later stage a free limb, ending in hook________Heteroceras Terminal portion not uncoiled; siphon near overlap ------------------------------------------------------Carthaganites; Turrilites Initial portion irregular; central (ephebic) portion a conical spire; terminal portion uncoiled (or else unknown) Shell faintly ribbed; 3 rows of tubercles; like Turrilites except that initially is an extended limb....Wintonia n. gen. Shell ribbed Three tubercles per rib; gerontic stage like Ptycho­ceras -----------------------------------------------------H elicancyclus Tight spiral; living chamber upturned ------------------­______________________________________Nostoceras; Exiteloceras Loose spiral (coils not in contact) Early stage unknown; living chamber upturned (retroversal) ________________ _____________________________ Didymoceras Early stage two straight (hamitic) limbs; ter­minal stage unknown (possibly limbs extended straight) ____ _______________________________________ _______ Emperoceras LYTOCERATIDAE (1) KOSSMATELLA JACOB 1907 Genotype: Ammonites agassizi PICTET. Kossmatella sp. aff. marut (STOLICZKA) ADKINS 1920, 1, 51. Pawpaw: Near Fort Worth. In India, K. marut occurs in the Lower Utatur beds (Albian). (2) TETRAGONITES KOSSMAT Genotype: Ammonites timotheanus PICTET ET Roux. No grooves_________________________________________T. brazoensis Bose Tangential grooves present___________________________________T. timotheanus Tetragonites brazoensis BOSE 1928, 10, 203, pl. I, figs. 2-7. Shell small (about 11 mm. diameter), smooth, angustumbilicate. Del Rio clay: McLennan County (type locality). Tetragonites zacatecanus BosE. Upper Albian: Opal, Camacho (Zacatecas). BACULITIDAE Shells starting with a close coil (small, usually not preserved), and thereafter straight. Aperture directed forwards; lip with lateral sinuses directed backwards; the projection of its siphonal margin straight and its antisiphonal margin convex in outline; interior without regularly disposed ridges___________________________Baculites Aperture opening towards antisiphonal side; lateral sinuses of lip excavated towards siphonal side; projection of siphonal margin of lip abruptly arching over the aperture, and anti­siphonal margin of lip deeply sinuous instead of convex in outline; interior with regularly disposed ridges, leaving oblique constrictions on internal casts____________________Crytochilus BACULITES" LAMARCK Aperture directed forwards, not obstructed by lip; antisiphonal margin convex. Genotype: B. vertebralis Lamarck. Baculites annulatus SHUMARD 1856, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., for 1854-1855, p. 265. Upper Cretaceous: Dallas County (type locality) (probably Eagle Ford). Baculites asper MORTON 1834. ROEMER 1849, 77, 416. ROEMER 1852, 78, 36, pl. II, figs. 2 a--d. MEEK 1876, 70, 404, pl. XXXIX, figs. 10 a--d. LASSWITZ 1904, 67, p. 15. Cross-section trapezoidal-oval, narrowed ventrally. Casts laterally with strong, crescentic widely spaced swellings or short ridges; ventrally with lines of growth strongly bent towards aperture. Austin chalk: New Braunfels, falls of Guadalupe River; Cibolo Creek crossing of New Braunfels-San Antonio road; Austin (Travis Heights). Baculites anceps LAMARCK. ROEMER 1849, 77, 416. ROEMER 1852, 78, 36, pl. II, figs. 3 a, d-g, not figs. 3 b-c. MEEK 1876, 70, 406. LASSWITZ 1904, 67, p. 15. Casts with numerous lateral crescentic swellings, smaller, more closely spaced and more numerous than in B. asper. Austin chalk: New Braunfels, falls of Guadalupe River; Cibolo Creek crossing of New Braunfels-San Antonio road. Baculites aspero-anceps LASSWITZ 1904, 67, 16, pl. III, figs. 1 a-b. ROEMER 1852, 78, 36, pl. II, figs. 3 b-c only. SPATH 1921, Cret. Ceph. Zululand, Ann. S. Afr. Mus., XII, pt. VII, no. 16, p. 259, pl. XXIV, figs 4-4a. Cross-section oval, but more compressed vent~ly. Young has form of B. anceps with numerous nodes, adult stage has fewer, rounded nodes like B. asper. Coarse ribs are present only laterally and dorsally; on venter, lines of growth are sharply convex towards the aperture. Austin chalk: Austin (type locality; 3 cotypes in University of Breslau). Baculites gracilis SHUMARD 1860, 89, 596__···---Plate XXIV, figure 3 Shell slender, cross-section broadly ovate to subcircular; some individuals nearly smooth, but most have "moderately prominent. "Baculites: Brown, A. P., 1891. On the young of Baculites compressus Say. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 1891, 159-160, and Nautilus, 5, 19-21. Brown, A. P. The development of the shell in the coiled stage of Baculites compreous Say. Acauloni?). M. rowei occurs in high Cenomanian zones, the rotomagense and subf!exuosum zones of Spath. crossing venter, but of alternate lengths, the long ones being nar­rowly elevated at their umbilical ends, the shorter ones covering about two-thirds the width of the flank. Suture of holotype not -Observed. Eagle Ford (flag member): Near Belton-Temple highway, Ioc. 2412 (type locality), and nearby locality 2410. METACALYCOCERAS SPATH 1926, Geo!. Mag., LXIII, p. 83 Texan species have ribs crossing venter uninterruptedly; mid­ventral tubercle absent in adult, the other tubercles reduced. Geno­type: Ammonites navicularis ("mantelli" n'ORBIGNY, Pal. fran~., terr. cret. Ceph., pl. CUI). Middle and Upper Cenomanian. Metacalycoceras (?) tarrantense n. SP·-----·---·-----------·--------------------···­ -·-·--····--····----------·-···-··----Plate XXVlll, figure 3; plate XXIX, figure 1 Acanthoceras rotomagense SCOTT (not DEFRANCE) 1926, Bull. Am. Assoc. Petr. Geol., X, 621, pl. XXII, fig. 1 only. Discoidal, involute, sublatumbilicate (u=.25), cross-section of volution practically quadrate in last volution, sides convex, venter truncate. Up to a diameter of about 90 mm., there is a fairly dis­tinct elevation on the ventral mid-line, and on each ventro-lateral shoulder a pair of prominent tubercles; these 5 tubercles lie on the remote, straight, radial ribs, which cross the venter. In later stages the median tubercle becomes obscure, the widely spaced ribs more prominent, and the ribs in part are of alternate lengths, all being of equal strength near the venter but some reduced toward the umbilicus. On the last volution those ribs which reach the umbilicus are narrow and sharply raised near the umbilical wall. Suture typically Acanthoceran: long siphonal lobe, rather rec­ tangular, with long lobules; wide first lateral saddle, nearly sym­ metrical; first lateral lobe prominent, subquadrate, as long as the siphonal lobe, generally quadrifid; 2 other lobes of decreasing length, trifid, pointed, the last lying on the umbilical wall. This species in some features resembles Acanthoceras confusum (Gueranger) 37 and particularly A. confusum var. tunetanum Per­ vinquiere3s from the Cenomanian of England (Spath's diadema zone), France and Tunis. However the Texan species is more involute than those mentioned, has proportionately narrower umbilicus and taller outer volution, the ribs are less distinctly tuberculate on the outer whorl and shows to a greater extent an alternation of two lengths. The Texan species thus has, especially in the younger stages, features of Acanthoceras, the general form of the suture, the mid-ventral row of tubercles, and the paired shoulder tubercles. Its later form how­ ""Gueranger, 1867, Album paleontologique du departement de la Sarthe (Le Mans). p. 5, pl. II, fig. 4; pl. III, fig. 1; pl. VIII, fig. 1 (Ammonites). ""Pervinquiere, 1907, Et. pal. tun., I, Ceph., 268, pl. XIII, figs. 4 a-b. ever suggests the groups of Eucalycoceras and Metacalycoceras: the mid-ventral tubercles disappear, and the coarse ribs cross the venter uninterruptedly. Another somewhat similar species is Acan­thoceras meridWnale Stoliczka var. africanum Pervinquiere,89 which seems to have coarser and more prominent tubercles in the mature stage, but young individuals referred to the same species (pl. XV, figs. 2 a-b) are entirely different, lack the excavated venter, and have numerous tubercles. The adult has certain similarities to Metacaly­coceras subwiesti Spath.40 It does not appear that this species can be referred to Mamimites. That genus has no median line of tubercles at any stage, but some species have a low keel (elevation of siphuncle?). The excavated juvenile venter of this species suggests Mammites, except that the median tubercles are conspicuous. Most species of Mamnnites are of Turonian age; those which have been recorded from the Ceno­manian41 either are doubtfully identified, or else do not resemble the Texan species. The species is more involute and more inflated than Ac. wintoni and at comparable diameters has the ribs and shoulder tubercles coarser. Basal Eagle Ford: Two miles east of Tarrant station (type lo­cality); other nearby localities; locality 2410, Belton-Temple high­way. Metacalycoceras (?) sp. 1. .. ·-------------·-------Plate XXVII, figure 1 Acanthoceras mantelli LASSWITZ (not SOWERBY) 1904, 67, pp.18, 36. Lasswitz's specimen, examined and photographed by the writer in Breslau, came from "El Paso Creek in the Eagle Mountains" and was sent to Roemer by the Dumble Survey. It has a height of volution of 65 m:m., thickness 64 mm. (on the ribs) or 53 mm. (in the in­tervals), and bears several equal, sharply elevated, round-topped ribs, rather closely spaced, and non-tuberculate, crossing the venter uninterruptedly. The ribs are more elevated and crowded, and the venter less angular, than in Metacalycoceras (?) tarrantense. Eagle Ford (?) : Eagle Mountains, on "El Paso Creek" (not lo­cated). Metacalycoceras (?) sp. 2------······---····--····-····-----······------------····­ --····--···-··········------Plate XXVIll, figure 2; plate XXIX, figure 2 This occurs with Eucal,ycoceras and may be a member of that genus. Flanks and venter are convex, ribs prollllinently alternating in length, the long ones narrowly elevated at their umbilical ends. ..Pervinquiere. 1907, Et. pal. tun., Ceph., pl. XV, figs. 4 a-b. "'Meta.cal11coeras subtDiesti SPATH, 1926, Proc. Geol Assoc.• XXXVll, 4Sl=Amm• ...,...teUi GuiBANGEB, 1867, Alb. Pal. Sarthe, pl. VI, fig. 2 only. "M. colenie"""8e STOLICZKA ; M. conciliatua STOLICZKA ; M. crassitesta STOLICZKA: M. gealicwua D'OBBIGNY; M. lapparenti PERVINQUIERE; M. pseudonodosoides CBOFFAT. 243 Material poorly preserved; no mid-ventral tubercle visible; the two lateral tubercles reduced if present at all. It resembles the genotype, Metacalycoceras naviculwre, as figured by D'ORBIGNY, Pal. fran~., terr. cret. Ceph., pl. CHI. Eagle Ford (flag member): Belton-Temple highway, locality 2410. Hays County, east-west road 1 mile southwest of San Marcos (identi­fication uncertain). ACANTHOCERATIDAE "It seems advisable to restrict Acanthoceratidae s. s. to Acan­tkoceras Neumayr emend. Grossouvre 1893 (genotype: Acanthoceras rotomagense DEFRANCE in BRONGNIART="Metacanthoplites" HYATT 1900), and its allies, such as Euomphaloceras SPATH (an offshoot of Acanthoceras via the group of Acanthoceras cunningtoni SHARPE, the suture line of which it retains), and Protacanthoceras" (SPATH). ACANTHOCERAS NEUMAYR These ammonites (Texan species) have mostly straight, remote ribs, in some species prominently raised or even nodose near the umbilical border, and with generally 5 rows of tubercles, 2 ventro­lateral pairs and a mid-ventral row. The ribs do not cross the venter. Genotype: Acanthoceras rotomagense DEFRANCE (Upper Cenomanian, Rouen). Range: Upper Cenomanian, diadema to ·vicinale zones of SPATH, 1926. The numerous Texan species have not yet been well studied, and only a few are included here. The upper part of the Woodbine formation near the Tarrant-Dallas county line and else­where contains one or more species; the Eagle Ford flag member in Bell and McLennan counties contains several species, associated with Eucalycoceras and Turrilites. Acanthoceraa wintoni n. sp.____________________________Plate XXV, 6gures 2-3 Form discoidal, somewhat compressed, sublatumbilicate (u=.27), last volution rapidly increasing in height (h/t=l.1), flanks slightly convex. Venter excavated, bounded by longitudinally elongated shoulder tubercles, but with a median row of low, elongated tu­ bercles, lying on ribs which cross venter as low, broad elevations. Ribs radial, nearly straight, roughly alternate in length on last volu­ tion, with paired shoulder tubercles, of which the lateral one is faint, the ventral one prominent and longitudinally elongate. Inner volutions marked by a few coarse, distant, straight ribs, elevated at umbilical ends. Siphonal lobe long, rectangular in outline, laterally much dissected, with 2 long lobules. First saddle about as broad as tall, asymmetri­ cally divided by a small trifid lobule lying nearer the internal side. First lobe shorter than siphonal, fairly narrow, quadrifid. Second saddle broad, asymmetrical. Second lobe shorter than first, irregu­larly trifid. Third saddle tall, narrow. Third lobe narrow, lying on umbilical wall. The rest of the suture is concealed by the over­lap. The venter and suture of this species are in many ways strik­ingly suggestive of Mammites. Upper Woodbine: East of Tarrant station, on Bear Creek, near Tarrant-Dallas county line (locality 2426, type locality). Acanthoceras lonsdalei n. SP·----··---------------------------------------·-·--------------­...___________________________________Plate XXVI, figure 5; plate XXVII, figure 3 Form inflated, flanks rather flat, venter nearly truncate, cross­section of outer volution somewhat depressed (h/t=.78), sublatum­bilicate (u=.31). Ribs similar, straight, coarse, distant, with tu­bercle at umbilical end and a pair of tubercles on each shoulder, the lateral tubercle being conical and prominent, the ventral one longitudinally elongate and less conspicuous. The mid-ventral line bears a row of small, low, circular, equal tubercles, one of which is in line with the pairs of shoulder tubercles, and two more lie in the intervening space not in line with any shoulder tubercle. In the younger stages all of these smaller tubercles lie on small ribs cross­ing the venter, but with age these fine ribs disappear. The shell of this species is less than one millimeter in thickness. The holotype does not clearly show the suture. This species has a considerable resemblance to Acanthoceras cun­ningtoni Sharpe,42 and to its variety cornutum.4 3 It differs from both in having, at the same diameter, the ribs more crowded, the tubercu­lation much more reduced, and the whorl less depressed; it is con­spicuously similar in general form and in having a mid-ventral row of small tubercles. From Acanthoceras evolutum SPATH44 it differs in having, at the same diameter, the ribs more sparse, the tubercu­lation on the venter differently arranged, and the whorl somewhat less depressed. Acanthoceras sp. 1. Acanthoceras rotomagense LASSWITZ (not DEFRANCE) 1904, 67, pp. 17, 18, 36. The writer examined and photographed at Breslau this specimen from the Eagle Mountains, sent to Roemer by the Dumble Survey. It is an inflated species with rather remote, low, rounded ribs of two general lengths, with a pair of shoulder tubercles on each side "'Acanthoceras cunningtoni (SHARPE), 1853, Foss. Moll. Chalk Engl., p. 35, pl. XV, figs. 2 a-<:. 43Acanthoceras cunningtoni "'·ar. cornutum Koss:MAT, 1895, Unt. Siidind. Kr., Form., p. 18, pl. V, fuw, elongated, subcordiform test, sharply sloping an­teriorly to a thin edge; peristome subpentagonal, periproct rounded, high on posterior face; unpaired ambulacrum viery long, apical sys­tem consequently posterior, and posterior ambulacra quite short; Handbook of Texas Cretaceous Fossils 293 anterior ambulacra long, flexuous; unpaired ambulacrum with similar, slitrlike pores separated by a tubercle; paired ambulacra superficial, anterior ones with round pores; multiple peripetalous fasciole. Upper Washita: Fort Worth to Pawpaw. Genotype: W. riovistae (Adkins). Washitaater longisulcus (ADKINS AND WINTON) 1920, 3, 55, pl. IX, figs. 4, 8-10 (EnaUaster). ADKINS 1920, 1, 111, pl. VIII, fig. 1. LAMBERT 1927, 64, 271.------····--····------------····-------Plate XIII, figure 6 Test more depressed, unpaired ambulacrum longer and more excavated and prominently grooved, apical system farther posterior, anterior ambulacra diverge at smaller angle, and posterior ambulacra shorter, than in W. ri01Jistae. Upper Fort Worth li;mestone: Tarrant County; Johnson County, near Blum (type locality); Grayson County, 3 miles north of Deni­son; and elsewhere in North-Central Texas, but rare. Washitaster riovistae (ADKINS) 1920, 1, 115, pl. VI, fig. 4; pl. VIII, figs. 3, 5 (Hemiaster); LAMBERT 1927, 64, 271. LAMBERT 1926, in SCOTT, 85, p, 180 (Miotoxaster)-----------·······-------Plate XIX, figure 2 General shape of Heteraster wenoensis, more elevated than W. lon­gisulcus, and with the apical system placed farther forwards, anterior groove shorter, posterior ambulacra longer. Discontinuous, redupli­cated peripetalous fasciole. Weno: One mile south of Riovista (type locality); Tarrant County, numerous localities; North-Central Texas, scattered lo­calities. Wa1hitaster sp. Pawpaw: Fort Worth, Glen Garden Country Club; Loe. 714; and elsewhere. There is another species, Washitaster hwmphreysanus (MEEK AND HAYDEN) 1857 (Hemiaster?) from the Pierre shale of Montana, CLARK 1915, 15, 95, pl. XLIX, figs. 2 a-f. BRISSIDAE Cotteau, in: Lambert, Ann. Univ. Lyon, fasc. 17, p. 25, 1905. Apex compact; plastron amphisternous (i.e., plates paired along mid-line); paired a.m:bulacra petaloid, mainly situated in grooves. Peripetalous fasciole not distinct: Unpaired ambulacrum with circular pores________________________ Epiaster Unpaired ambulacrum with elongated-oval pores........_.Macraster Peripetalous fasciole distinct: Ambulacra, especially the unpaired one, in deep grooves....______ ····-------····--------------····················--····---------· --·····-Proraster Ambula.cra in pronounced but not deep grooves__________ __ Hemiaster MACRASTER RoEHBR 1888 Test cordiform, paired ambulacra wide and straight; unpaired am­bulacrum with pores en chevron, at least in adult. Some individuals show traces of a peripetalous pseudo-fasciole, which is more or less diffuse. Genotype: Macraster texanus ROEMER 1888. Form elevated, rotund; ambulacral grooves deep Smaller species, prominently granulated, ambulacra short.... _ --····--------------------···-------M• wa.abitae Large species, sparsely granulated, ambulacra longer Test rounded posteriorly........ ---·-··-·············-····-···M. elegan• Test prominently narrowed posteriorly................ M. aubobeaua Form low or medium; ambulacral grooves more shallow Test low (H=.46) Ambulacra short; posterior truncated area bordered with vertical rows of prominent granules.................. M. nodopyga Ambulacra long; no prominent granules on truncation____ ·····-·-·-····-····-··-··············-------···· ........................ M. texanua Test higher (H=.57) Posterior face of test vertical; ambula.cral grooves dis­tinctly excavated......·-··----····--······----····----············M· aguilerae Posterior face rounded; ambulacral grooves shallow.__ ----···-······--····--····---··· ·--····---··-··········-···------M• wenoenaia i i:: Q) ..:i -:5 "O ~ .... ]> Q) i:c: +l Ill » Ul P. < .... <) 0 ""i:l.·i:: Q) p... Q) s 0.... rn·i:: f Economic Geology. Plate XXll Figs. 1-3. Exogyra arietina ROEMER. Figs. 1-2, X 1. Fig. 3, X %. Del Rio: Three miles west of Buda __________________________ Page 112 Fig. 4. Gryphea mucronata GABB, X %. Grayson: Near Fort W orth__________________________________________________________________________________________ Page 108 Figs. 5-7. Exogyra cartledgei BOSE, X %. Del Rio: Terlingua ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page 115 Fig. 8. Exogyra whitneyi BOSE, X 0.57. Del Rio: Be,tween San­derson and Dryden __________________________________________________________________ Page 110 Originals in Bureau of Economic Geology. University of Texas Bulletin No. 2838 Plate XXll Plate XXlll Fig. 1. Budaiceras sp., X 1. Coll. Prof. Whitney. Buda: Aus­tin--------------------------------··--------------------------------------------------··----------Page 236 Fig. 2. Budaiceras evae (LASSWITZ), X 1, holotype, photographed at University of Breslau (Roemer collection). Buda: Austin__________ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------·-------Page 237 Fig. 3. Cottaldia rotula CLARK, X 1. Upper Washita: Western Coahuila___________________ ----------------------------------------------------------------·Page 279 Fig. 4. Budaiceras roemeri var. elegantior (LASSWITZ), X 1, holotype, University of Breslau. Buda: Shoal Creek, near Austin --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------.Page 237 Fig. 5. SubmanteJ.liceras (?) brazoense (BOSE), X 4. Del Rio: McLennan County____________________________________________________________________ Page 239 Fig. 6. Adkinsia bosquensis ADKINS X 4, holotype. Del Rio: Five miles west of Waco ·----------·----------------------------·--------·----------------Page 218 Figs. 7-9. Wintonia graysonensis n. gen., n. sp., X 3. Fig. 7, genholotype; figs. 8-9, fragments, all from Grayson formation, Grayson Bluff, east of Roanoke, Denton County.________________.Page 213 Fig. 10. Scaphites subevolutus BOSE, X 1, six individuals. Del Rio: Near McGregor, McLennan County. There are two forms: an involutely coiled one with crowded primary ribs, znd an evolute one with sparser primary ribs ---------------------------------------_______ Page 259 Fig. 11. Submantelliceras (?) brazoense (BOSE), X 1. Five individuals. Del Rio: McGregor, McLennan County ________ Page 239 Fig. 12. Turrilites bosquensis ADKINS, holotype, X 2. Del Rio: Five miles west of Waco ---------------------------------------------------------Page 215 Original of Fig. 1 in University of Texas, Department of Geolog-y; of Figs. 2, 4 in University of Breslau; of Figs. 7-9 in Te:xas C'hristian University; others in Bureau of Economic Geology. Plate XXIV Figs. 1-2. Scaphites n. sp. aff. aequalis var. turonensis ROMAN AND MAZERIN, X 1.5. Uppermost Eagle Ford: Austin, Bouldin Creek (coll. Dr. L. W. Stephenson).________________________________________________ Page 258 Figs. 4-5. Scaphites aequalis SOWERBY, X 1.5. Upper Cenoman­ian: Isle of Wight ____________________________________________________________________Page 258 Fig. 3. Baculites gracilis SHUMARD, X 1.5. Upper Eagle Ford: Near Britton___________________________________________________________________________Page 206 Fig. 6. Turrilites n. sp., X 1. Eagle Ford: Belton-Temple road. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------· Page 215 Fig. 7. Turrilites sp. aff. costatus, X 1. Eagle Ford: Temple-Belton road_ ______________________________________________________________________________Page 215 Figs. 8-9. Alectryonia lugubris (bellaplicata), X 1. Eagle Ford: Sherman ____________________________________________________________________________________Page 104 Originals of Figs. 1-2 in United States Geological Survey; others in Bureau of Economic Geology. 2 3 Plate XXV Fig. 1. Mantelliceras sellardsi n. sp., holotype, X 1. Eagle Ford: Round Rock________________________________________________________________________________ Page 239 Fig. 2. Acanthoceras wintoni n. sp., holotype, X 1. Upper Wood­bine: Bear Creek_____________________________________________________________________ Page 243 Fig. 3. Acanthoceras wintoni n. sp., holotype, X 1, uank view -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page 243 Originals in Bureau of Economic Geology. University of Texas Bulletin No. 2838 Plate XXV Plate XXVI Figs. 1-2. Metoiceras whitei HYATT, X 1. Upper Eagle Ford: Near Britton________________________________________________________________ Page 249 Fig. 3. Exiteloceras pariense WHITE, X 1. Upper Eagle Ford: Near Britton___________________________________________________________ ___Page 212 Fig. 4. Mantelliceras sellardsi n. sp., X 1, venter. Eagle Ford flag member: McLennan County, south of Moody. This specimen has a row of distinct median tubercles__________ _______________________ Page 239 Fig. 5. Acanthoceras lonsdalei n. sp., X 1, holotype. Eagle Ford flag member: Belton-Temple road________________ _______________________Page 244 Originals in Bureau of Economic Geology. 1 Plate XXVII Fig. 1. Metacalycoceras sp. aff. "mantelli" LASSWITZ, X 0.75. Eagle Ford: Eagle Mountains, "El Paso Creek." Photograph of specimen in University of Breslau ____ _ ___________________________ ____ __ Page 242 Fig. 2. Acanthoceras n. sp., X %. Eagle Ford flag member: Belton-Temple road_______________ _________________________________________________Page 243 Fig. 3. Acanthoceras lonsdalei n. sp., holotype, X 0.7. Eagle Ford flag member: Belton-Temple road________________________________Page 244 Original of Fig. 1 in University of Breaslau; others in Bureau of Economic Geology. Plate XXVllI Fig. 1. Eucalycoceras leonense n. sp., X 0.9. Eagle Ford: Belton-Temple road________________________________________________________ ________Page 240 Fig. 2. Metacalycoceras n. sp., X 0.9. Eagle Ford flag member: Bell CountY----------------------------------------------------------------______________Page 242 Fig. 3. Metacalycoceras (?) tarrantense n. sp., holotype, X 0.9. Basalmost Eagle Ford: Tan-ant Station_____________________________ Page 241 Originals in Bureau of Economic Geology. Plate XXIX Fig. 1. Metacalycoceras (?) tarrantense n. sp., holotype, X 1. Eagle Ford: Tarrant Station__ _______________________________________________Page 241 Fig. 2. Metacalycoceras n. sp., X 1. Eagle Ford flag member: Bell County________________________________________________________________________________page 242 Fig. 3. Eucalycoceras leonense n. sp., holotype, X 0.8. Eagle Ford: Belton-Temple highway____________________________________________Page 240 Originals in Bureau of Economic Geology. University of Texas Bulletin No. 2838 Plate XXIX 3 Plate XXX Figs. 1-2. Acanthoceras bellense n. sp., X %. Eagle Ford: Belton-Temple highway_______________________________________ _____________________Page 245 Figs. 3-4. Acanthoceras sp. aff. turneri C. A. WHITE, X 0.8. Eagle Ford: Belton-Temple highway__________________________________Page 246 Originals in Bureau of Economic Geology. Plate XXXI Figs. 1-2. Acanthoceras stephensoni n. sp., holotype, X 0.75, Eagle Ford flag member: Belton-Temple road (locality 2412) ________ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page 246 Original in Bureau of Economic Geology. University of Texas Bulletin No. 2838 Plate XXXI Plate XXXII Figs. 1-2. Prionotropis eaglensis n. sp., holotype, X %. Eagle Ford (?): East flank of Eagle Mountains, 9 miles south of Dalberg, Hudspeth County_______________ -----------------------------------____________________Page 250 Original in Bureau of Economic Geology. University of Texas Bulletin No. 2838 Plate XXXII Plate XXXlll Fig. 1. Austinaster mc-carteri n. gen., n. sp., holotype, X 2 1/6. Austin chalk: Austin_ ____________________________________________________________Page 267 Fig. 2. Mortoniceras sp., X 0.5. Austin chalk: Austin__Page 252 Originals in Bureau of Economic Geology. Plate XXXIV Fig. 1. Mortoniceras sp., X %. Austin chalk: Near Austin_____ _ ________ ____ _______ __ ____ ___ _____ ___________ ---------------------------------------------------· Page 252 Fig. 2. Desmoceratid indet., X 21.i . Basal Austin chalk: Watters Park, Travis County. Fig. 3. Mortoniceras quattuornodosum var. planatum (LASS­WITZ), x % , holotype, University of Breslau (Roemer collection). Austin chalk: Capitol excavation, Austin__________________ _________ Page 252 Figs. 4-5. Hemiaster cfr. texanus ROEMER, X 1. Austin: Four miles north of Hondo______________________________________________________________Page 299 Fig. 6. lnoceramus subquadratus SCHLUTER, X %, probably a cotype; photographed at University of Bonn. Austin chalk: Austin. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page 95 Fig. 7. lnoceramus crenistriatus ROEMER, X lf.i, holotype (after AIRAGHI). Austin chalk: Austin____________________________________________ Page 93 Original of Fig. 3 in University of Breslau; of Fig. 6 in University of Bonn; of Fig. 7, unknown ; others in Bureau of Economic Geology. University of Texas Bulletin No. 2838 Plate XXXIV Plate XXXV Fig. 1. Parapachydiscus streckeri n. sp., paratype, X 1. Taylor: Hill or McLennan County. Coll. Baylor University____________Page 221 Original in Baylor University Museum. Plate XXXVI Fig. 1. Exogyra ponderosa ROEMER, X %. Roemer collection, University of Bonn. Taylor: Locality unknown .________________ Page 111 Fig. 2. Parapachydiscus streckeri n. sp., holotype, X %. Anacacho rudistid reef (Taylor age) : Texas Asphalt Company's quarry at Cline--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page 221 Figs. 3-4. Parapachydiscus streckeri n. sp., paratype, X %. Same individual as that figured on plate XXXV______________________________ Page 221 Original of Fig. 1 in University of Bonn; of Fig. 2 in Bureau of Economic Geology; of Figs. 3-4 in Baylor University Museum. University of Texas Bulletin No. 2838 Plate XXXVI Plate XXXVII Figs. 1, 3. Bostrychoceras n. sp. aff. polyplocum ROEMER, X 0.5. Anacacho: Medina County____________________________________________________ Page 214 Fig. 2. Exogyra costata ROEMER, X 0.4. Navarro__________ Page 214 Fig. 4. Pycnodonta sp. aff. vesicularis, X %. Navarro..Page 109 Fig. 7. Parapachydiscus n. sp., X 1;8. Escondido: Medina County________________________________________________________________________________________Page 223 Figs. 5-6. Echinocorys texanus (CRAGIN), X 0.5. Anacacho: Seco Creek, north of Hondo (type locality) ________________________ Page 286 All originals in Bureau of Economic Geology. Plate XXXVll University of Texas Bulletin No. 2838 INDEX PAGB Abietineae __ 49 Abietites 49 Acanthoceras ------243 Acanthoceratidae -------243 Acila 86 Actaeonella -------196 !~~ni______::::::::::::~-~~ dae Actinoceramus 96 Adkinsia 217 Aetostreon 110 Aaariciidae 77 Agria. 147 Alectryonia 103 Allomorphina 70 Amauropsis 179 Amberley& 173 Ammodiscidae 68 Ammodiscns 68 Am,pullina 177 Anabaciidae 77 Anacardaceae 64 Ananchitidae 286 A..aftChvtea 286 Anatina l~ Anchura 189 Andromeda 66 Anisoceras 211 Aneylocenis 216 A.ncyloceratidae 216 Anomalina 71 Anomalinidae 71 Anomia 134 Aphrodina 168 Aporrhaidae 189 APorrhais 191 Aralia 66 Araliaceae 66 Arancari.aceae 60 Araue&rieae 61 Arancarioxylon 61 Af'<11•caritea 58 Arca 89 Arcidae 89A,..,_,;. 162 Arctica 162 Arctostrea 106 Attcaceae 61 Astarte 164 Astartidae 164 Astraeidae 74 Astrocoenia 77 Anstinaster 266 A '7icula 9'7 Axinella ( ? ) 72 Bacnlites 206 Baculitidae 206 Bakdia 81 Barbatla 90 Baf'f'Oiaia 238 Barroisiceras 252 Belemnitella 266 Belemnitidae 266 Bennettitaceae 48 Benwin 65 Bolivina 67 Bolivinita 66 Bolivinoides 67 PAGE Bostrychoceras 214 BrachyoXYlon 50 Brachyphylleae 60 Brachyphyllaceae ---------51 Brachyphyllum 61 Brissidae ----293 Buccinidae ----------193 Buccinopsis Budaiceras Bulimina Buliminidae Bythocypris Caesalpinaceae Callianassa ( ? ) Camptonectes Caprifoliaceae Capri,.,. CaprinellaCaprinidae _ Caprinula Cardiidae Cardita Carditidae Cardium Carpolithus Carthaganites Cassidulinidae Ceratobulimina Ceratostreon Cerithiidae Cerithium Chara Characea Chilostomellidae Chlam.Ys Chondrilla ( ?) Chondrodonta -Cibicides Cidaridae Cidaris Cimoliasanrns Cinulia Cinnamomum Cissites Cladophyllia Clavulina Clidastes Clione ( ?) Coahuilites Coccaceae Codiopsis Coelodns Coelosmjlia Colutea Comptonia Conulusidae Corax Corbie Corbulic Corbulidae Cornaceae Cornophyllum Cornuspira Cottaldia Cott~audia Cf'agi"48ter 193 236 68 67 82 64 83 123 ___ 57 146 146 145 146 158 167 167 168 67 __ 216 69 69 110 187 187 -47 47 70 123 _ 73 --------131 71 270 271 302 197 66 64 7 4 60 803 74 266 46 280 SO1 77 -64 266 283 300 149 168 168 . 56 56 -61 -279 --279 285 CrGSSGtella ----------165 Crassatellites --165 •The index includes names of all families, sub-families, genera and subgenera. Italics indicate invalid names or synonyms. Specific names are not indexed. 382 University of Texas Bulletin Crassatellitidae Crenella Crioceras Crioceratidae Cristellaria Cucullaea PAGE __ 155 __ 138 256 _ 256 62 88 PAGE Favia ------------------------------------76 Ficus -----------------------------------------52 Fistulana -------------------171 Flabellammina ---------------------69 Flickia ------------------------------------217 Flickidae ------------------------217 Cupressineae ----------------60 Cycadaceae _ 47 Cycadeoidea ------------------48 Cycadeospermum -----------48 Cylichna ----------------------198 Cylindrites -----------------196 Cymatoceras ------------------199 ,Cymbophora --------------167 Cymella __ ------150 C11phosoma ------278 Cypraea __ __ 192 Cypraeidae -----------------192 Cypricardia ----------------151 Cypricardia _ 162 Cypridea -----------------81 Cyprimeria -----------------162 Cyprina -------------------------152 C11prinidae _ -----151 Cyprinidae -----------------162 Cyrtochilus --------------------207 Cythere ------------------81, 82 Cythereis ________________81, 82 Cytherella --------------82 Cytheridae -------------81 Dallioconcha ------------91 Desmoceras ---------------!20 D£smoceratidae -------------220 Dewalquea ------------------53 Diadema ____________________ ___:_ 275 Diceratidae ----------------143 Dioonites ------------47 Diospyros ____ 66 Diplopodia -------------274 Dipoloceras 224 Dipoloceratidae --------------224 Dorocidaris ------------------270 Dufrenoya --------------------252 Dumblea -------------------276 Ebenaceae ----------------56 Echinobrissidae ------------284 Echinocorys ---------------286 Echinoneidae ------283 E chinopsis ---------------274 Ellipsoidinidae -------------------68 Ellipsopleurostomella -----------69 Elobiceras __ 234 Elopidae ---·----------302 Enallaster ----287 Enclimatoceras ----------------201 Engonocera:s 261 Engonoceratidae 260 Eoradiolites --------------146 Eouvigerina ---------------------69 Epengonoceras ---------------264 Epiaster -----------------------------297 Epistomina -----------------------69 Epitonidae -----------------175 Epitonum ------------------------175 Equisetaceae -----------47 Equisetum ---------------------47 Ericaceae ( ?> -----------56 Eriphvla ---------------------155 Esperites ( ?) __ ------72 Eucalycoceras ---------------240 Eucalyptus ---------------66 Ji:uqenia -----------------------55 F,usmiliidae 76 Eutrephoceraa -------------200 Exiteloceras -----------------· 212 Exogyra _____________,,_______ 109 Frenelopsis ----------------50 !~=~~~::~:~~~:======-=====:_ :::: ~:! Gastrochaenidae ----------------171 g:;::;";tn(?) ::::::::::::::::=~~=---=-----== ~g Gervillea _____ 91 Gerv111iopsis ---------------91 i\~bf~~lna-·-::::=:::::::::=-..::--=~-=---= 1~~ Globigerinidae -----------------70 Globorotaliidae -----------71 Globotruncana --------------71 Goniasteridae --------------266 Goniophorus -------------------278 Goniopygus ----------------280 Granocardium -------------169 Graptocarcinus -----------------------83 Gryphaeostrea -------------------106 8~~::,11,e~ina·--:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::= 12~ Gyrodes -------------------180 Habrocidaridae ---------------280 Halymenites --------------------47 Hamamelidaceae -----------------53 Hamites --------------------207 Hamitidae ---------------------------207 Hamulina ----------------------------219 Hamulus -------------------------79 Haplophragmoides ----------69 Harpagodes --------------------191 Helicoceras --------------------·210, 212 Helicocryptus ---------------174 Hemiaster ---------------------------298 Hercoglossa ------------------------201 Heteraster ---------------------287 Hcteroceras -------------------------211 H eterodiadema --------------------273 Heterohelicidae ----------------------------66 Hindesastraea ---------------------75 H ippurites -----------------147 Holaster -------------------------286 Holco!epis ------------------------802 Holectypus ------------------281 Homomya ------------------------140 Hoplites ---------------------236 Hoploparia ( ?)____ _______ SS Hvmeraphia ( ?>-------------73 Hypodiadema -----------------273 Hypodon ------------------------302 Ichthyodectes ---------------------------302 Ichthyodectidae -------------------302 Ichthyosarcolites ---------------------------146 Idonearca -----------------88 lnfta,ticeras ---------------------------------229 Inga ··------------------------------------------64 Inoceramus -----------------------------------91 Isocardia -------------------------------161 Isocardiidae --------·---------------161 ~~~:::.r:..~11;;.·---:::::-..::=::::::::::::::::~:::::::::-~== 2~g ~;-=~~=~~,=~I~:=~~ ·II Index 383 PAGE Laurus --------------65 Leda 87 Ledidae 87 Leiocidaris 271 Lent1culina 63 Lepadidae _____ 83 Leptarbacia ------------275 Leptophy!lia ---------77 Leptoso!en --------------167 Leymeriaster -----------298 Lima ------------131 Lindera -------------57 Linearia ---------------166 Lingula ( ? ) 81 Liopistha -------------149 Liostrea 99 Liquidambar -----------53 Liriodendron 53 Lituolidae ------------69 Loriolia -------------273 Loxolitomum ___ 58 Lucina --------------148 Lucinidae --------------148 Lunatia --------------177 Lyelliceratidae ---------235 Macraster ------------294 Macrepisteus ----------301 Ma,croscaphites _________219, 257 Macrosemiidae ----------301 Mactra _--------------167 Mactridae ----------167 Magnolia 53 Magnoliaceae __ 53 Ma!apoenna ·-----------55 Mammitidae ------------248 Mantelliceras -------------239 Manielliceratidae ---------238 Mantellum -------------132 Marginulina ---------------63 Mecaster --------------299 Meretrix __ 164 Mesa!ia ____ ---------·-----·---185 Metaca.Jycoceras ----··--------241 Metengonoceras -··----------264 Metoicoceras --·-----··-----248 Metoicoceratidae -------------248 Metopa.ster -------·-----266 Micrabacia ------------77 Micrococus ---------------46 Micropedina ------··----· 276 Miciopsis -----------·-----274 Miliol'dae -------------61 Miliolina ------------61 Mimosaceae -------------54 Miotoo:aster -------------293 Modiola -·-----------136 Monopleura ------··-------144 Monopleuridae ----------·---·--144 Moraceae --··--·---------------62 Mortoniceras ------··--------252 Mortoniceratidae ---·--·-·------------252 Mos06aurus ---------------303 Mutiella ------------------·-------149 Myrica ----------------·--------·-----·-----52 Myricaceae ·-------------------------·--------52 MYrtaceae -----·-------------------··· 55 Myrtonium ------------·--------------------56 Mytilidae ----------------135 Mytilus -----------··------135 Natica -·----·----------··------176 N aticidae --·---------------·-----··-------176 Nautilidae --·---------·--------199 Nautuus ---------------------------------199, 200 Neithea ---------·--------------·-------125 Neokentroceras -------------·-------235 Nerinea -----------··-·--··------__ 185 PAGE Ncrineidae ___ 186 N eritidae 17 4 Neritina -------------174 Nodosaria 59, 64 Nonion -------65 Nonionidae 65 Nonionina. --------------65 Nostoceras .. 211 Nostoceratidae 211 Nowakites ( ?) 221 Nucula 84 Olophymidae -----------277 OphiogJypha 268 Ophthalmidiidae 61 Opis __ 155 Orbicella 76 Orbitolina 61 Orbulina 70 Oreodaphne 65 Orthopsis 276 Ostrea ---99 Ostreidae ----------99 Otodus .. 300 Oxybeloceras 212 Oxyrhina 300 Oxytropidoceras 225 Pachycardium 149 Pachymya 150 Pachymyidae 160 Pagiophyllum 61 Paleocassia 54 Pa.!moxylon 51 Panope 170 Panopea 170 Papilionaceae 64 Paracupressinoxylon 61 Paracypris 83 Parahoplites 262 Parahop!ites 262 Parahoplitidae _ 262 Parallelodontidae 88 Paramithrax 83 Parapachydiscus 221 Parapuzosia 22-3 Parasmilia 77 Paranomia 135 Patella 172 Patellidae 172 Patellfoa OJ. Pecten 122 Pectinidae 122 Pedinapsis 276 Peltastes 278 Pentaceros ------------266 Pentagonaster 265 Pernidae ·-------------·-91 Pervinquieria -------------229 Pervinquieridae ---------229 Phacoides ------------·---148 Phasianella -----------173 Phasianellidae --------------1n Pholadomya --------------138 Pholadomyacidae --------------138 Phyl!ites ----------------------57 Phymatresidae ---·-·------------272 Phymosoma ---·------------·---278 Pinaceae ----------------------49 Pinna --------------------------------90 ~i~~!d~~--::-_:::::--=..-:-.::::::.::::::=::::::::::::::::::: ~~ ~~~~:·:~=~~~~~~ 1!! University of Texas Bulletin PAGE Plesiosauridae ------------302 Plesiosaurus -----------302 Pleurocora --------------74 Pleurophoridae ____ 161 Pleurostomella -----------· 68 Pleurotomaria --------------· 172 Pleurotomariidae ------------·-172 Plicatula --------------129 Podozamites -----------------48 Polydiadema ------------276 Polymorphina ---------66 Polymorphinidae __ __ 66 Populus ------------62 Porobrissus ------------------284 Porocystis ---------------·· 67 Poromyacid&e -------------149 Portheus ----------------802 Prionotropidae --------··--249 Priontropis -------------249 Procassidulus -------------284 Prohysteroceras 228 Proraster -----------------299 Proroporus ------------------68 Prospatangidae ------------------·· 286 Protengonoceras ----------26!1 Proteonina --------------··-----68 Protocardia -------------169 Protosphyraena ------------· 802 Psammobia -----------166 Pseudananchys ------------286 Pseudocidaris -···-----------278 Pseudodiadema -···-·····-·-·-·------276 Pseudophacoceraa ----------------225 Pseudopyrina ··---------····---------283 Pseudotextularia ----------66 Pseudouvigerina -----------------67 Pteria _ 97 Pteriidae -------------------9'1 Pterocerella -------------191 Ptychodus -----------------300 Ptychomya ---------------166 Pugnellus --------------------192 Pullenia -----------------70 Pulvinulina --···-------------69 Pycnodonta ------------------109 Pycnodontidae --·····------------80.J. Pycnodus ····---------------801 Pycnomicrodon -----------301 Pygasteridae -----··-·····--------281 Pyrina ----------------------283 Quinqueloculina -------------------61 Radiolites ------------------------146-148 Radiolitidae ·--·-····················------------146 Ranunculaceae ( ?) ·-···--···--------63 Remondia ··-------·····-···-·------------166 Renieria ( ? ) ----···--·····--····-----------72 Reophacidae ---·····-··-----------------68 Reophax ----·-······-···-·····--·--·······-68 Requienia --------------------------143 Rhamnaceae --------------------------------------54 Rhamnus -·-··-·····-······-----------------·-64 R}ms ···-···--····-····--·-------------54 Rhynchostreon ----------------------·-110 Ringicula -------·-········-·------·············-198 Ringiculidae -----------------------······ 197 Robulus -----------------------------····-·· 68 Rostellaria ------·-·····-·····-····--·-····---191 Rotalia --------------·--···--69 Rotaliidae ----------------------69 R9udairia ------·····-·-----------161 Ruft'ordia --------·-·····-·------------·-· 47 Sabi -------------······-········--··········· 67 J~~!:?i~ae ~=~-~--~~=:~~-=:== 2~~ PAGB Salix ---------··--·--------·······-····-·· 62 Sapindaceae -----·-·-···-------------·-54 Sapindus ------------·····-·······----64 Sargana -----------·-····-·---···-··-·-···-· 193 Sauvagesia ----------------···-······ 147 Saxicavidae -------······---------170 Saynella -·······---·-······-·······--·····--220 Scalpellum ( ?) _______________ 83 Scaphites -----------------267 Scaphitinae ----------------·-266 Sehizaceae ------------------47 Schloenbachia___225, 228, 280, 284, 236 Sequoia ---------------------60 Serpula --···-----78 Siphogenerina -----------------68 Siphcmia ····---------------·--68 Siphonina -----------------------69 Solariidae -----------------176 Solenidae ---------------------167 Solidula -----------------196 Sphenodiscidae ------------------264 Sphenolepidium ---------·-···--···----60 Sphenopteris -------------···-········-··· 47 Spiroplectoides ---·····-·····-··-···--·-67 Spondylidae ···----------------------129 Spondylus -----------·····--····--·--·-· 130 Stauractinella ( ?> --------------------n Stearnsia ----------------·-166 Stepeoceratidae ------------266 Sterculia ---------------······-···-64 Sterculiaceae ------------64 Stoliczkaia ···------------------286 Strombidae ····--·······-----------191 ilubmantelliceras -···----··-·····--····-----289 Subschlo,enbachia --····---····-·······-··-·--229 Tapes ... --------------------166 Taxodieae -------·-····------60 Telephragmoxylon ----------50 Tellina ··--------------166 Tellinidae -------------166 Terebratellidae ---------····-----80 Terebratula -------···--·---------80 Teredinidae -----------·------171 Teredo --------------·-·----·-····-··--171 Tetragonites -------------------205 Tetragramma -------------------·· 274 Textularia -------------··--·-·····-----60 Textularidae ···--------··-·······-----------59 Thracia ------------------·-·······---149 Thuyoxylon ------------------·-···---50 Tornatella ---------------------196 Toueasia ---------·····--·····------------144 Toxaster ---------------------289 Trapezium ----------··---···-----·--···-·· 151 Tricalycites ····------···-····-···-------67 Trichotropidae -----···-·-····-····--189 Trichotropis --------·-··-·····----189 Trigonia -------------------·····--117 Trigoniidae ---------------------------117 Tritaxia ··----------------·-···--61 Trochammina --------···-···---------61 Trochamminidae --------···--·-·····--·-61 Trochidae --------------------174 Trochodendraceae ------·-·····-------58 Trochodendroides ---·-········-······-----· 63 Trochonematidae ------------···--·····--···· 173 Trochosmilia --·-··------------------76 Trochotiara ------------------------276 Trochus ···-··-····-----------·----174 Truncatulina ----------·-·------171 Turbinidae -----------------173 Turbo ----------------------------·· 173 Turrilites ··------·--······-·········-········-····-·-214 Turrilitidae -----------···-------------··-···--214 Turritella ··········-···-----·-·······-------------180 Tylostoma -·-·············----------·--·····-178 Typodus ···-·····-··----------··-·····-301 Index 385 PAGB Umboniidae -------------------174 Uvigerina ---------------------68 Vaginulina -------------65 Vasococeratidae ---------------2~8 Venericamia ----------157 Veneridae -----------------162 Veniella --------------------163 Ventilabrella -----------------66 Venus --------------------164 Verneuillnidae --------------60 Vitaceae ---------------54 Vola·-----------------------122, 134 Volutidae -------------194 Volutilitbes -------------------194 PAGE Volutoderma ---------------------------------194 Volutomorpha -------------------------------------194 Volvulina ------------------·--------196 Washitaster ----------------------------292 Widdringtonites ----------------------60 Williamsonia ---------------------48 Wintonia -------------------------------213 Worthoceras ---------------------------218 Yoldia ------------------------87 Zamites ---------------------48 Zizyphus ---------------------54